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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CROWDSTRIKE HOLDINGS, INC. INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 29, 2019

Registration No. 333-231461


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549



AMENDMENT NO. 1
TO
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933



CROWDSTRIKE HOLDINGS, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  7372
(Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number)
  45-3788918
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)

150 Mathilda Place, Suite 300
Sunnyvale, California 94086
(888) 512-8906
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including
area code, of Registrant's principal executive offices)



George Kurtz
President and Chief Executive Officer
CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
150 Mathilda Place, Suite 300
Sunnyvale, California 94086
(888) 512-8906
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)



Copies to:

Alan F. Denenberg
Stephen Salmon
Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP
1600 El Camino Real
Menlo Park, California 94025
(650) 752-2000

 

David J. Segre, Esq.
Jon C. Avina, Esq.
Jonie I. Kondracki, Esq.
Cooley LLP
3175 Hanover Street
Palo Alto, California 94304
(650) 843-5000



Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:
As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective.

             If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act, check the following box:    o

             If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.    o

             If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.    o

             If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.    o

             Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer o   Accelerated filer o   Non-accelerated filer ý   Smaller reporting company o

Emerging growth company ý

             If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.    o



CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

               
 
Title of Each Class of Securities
to be Registered

  Amount to be
Registered(1)

  Proposed Maximum
Aggregate Offering
Price Per Share

  Proposed Maximum
Aggregate Offering
Price(1)(2)

  Amount of
Registration Fee(3)

 

Class A Common Stock, $0.0005 par value per share

  20,700,000   $23.00   $476,100,000   $57,703.32

 

(1)
Includes 2,700,000 shares of Class A common stock that the underwriters have the option to purchase.

(2)
Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(a) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

(3)
The Registrant previously paid $12,120 in connection with the previous filing of the Registration Statement. In accordance with Rule 457(a), an additional registration fee of $45,583.32 is being paid with this amendment to the Registration Statement.

             The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

   


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The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

Subject to Completion. Dated May 29, 2019.

18,000,000 Shares

LOGO

CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.

Class A Common Stock



           This is the initial public offering of shares of Class A common stock of CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.

           We have two classes of authorized common stock, Class A common stock and Class B common stock. The rights of the holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting and conversion rights. Each share of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote per share. Each share of Class B common stock is entitled to ten votes per share and is convertible into one share of Class A common stock. Outstanding shares of Class B common stock will represent approximately 99% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock immediately following the completion of this offering.

           Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for shares of our Class A common stock. It is currently estimated that the initial public offering price per share will be between $19.00 and $23.00.

           We have applied to list our Class A common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol "CRWD".

           We are an "emerging growth company" as defined under the federal securities laws and, as such, may elect to comply with certain reduced public company reporting requirements for future filings.



           See the section titled "Risk Factors" beginning on page 24 to read about factors you should consider before buying shares of our Class A common stock.



           Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.



  Per Share   Total
 

Initial public offering price

  $                $               

Underwriting discounts(1)

  $                $               

Proceeds, before expenses, to us

  $                $               

(1)
See the section titled "Underwriting" beginning on page 188 for a description of the compensation payable to the underwriters.

           To the extent that the underwriters sell more than 18,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock, the underwriters have an option to purchase up to an additional 2,700,000 shares from us at the initial public offering price, less the underwriting discount.

           At our request, the underwriters have reserved up to 5% of the shares of our Class A common stock offered by this prospectus for sale at the initial public offering price to directors, officers, employees, and their friends and family members through a directed share program. See the section titled "Underwriting—Directed Share Program."



           The underwriters expect to deliver the shares of our Class A common stock against payment in New York, New York on                          , 2019.



Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC   J.P. Morgan   BofA Merrill Lynch   Barclays

 

Credit Suisse   Jefferies   RBC Capital Markets   Stifel

 

HSBC   Macquarie Capital   Piper Jaffray   SunTrust Robinson Humphrey

 

BTIG   JMP Securities   Mizuho Securities   Needham & Company   Oppenheimer & Co.



Prospectus dated                               , 2019.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

 
  Page

Prospectus Summary

  1

Risk Factors

  24

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

  64

Market and Industry Data

  66

Use of Proceeds

  68

Dividend Policy

  69

Capitalization

  70

Dilution

  73

Selected Consolidated Financial and Other Data

  76

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

  80

Business

  119

Management

  142

Executive Compensation

  153

Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions

  165

Principal Stockholders

  171

Description of Capital Stock

  174

Shares Eligible for Future Sale

  182

Material U.S. Federal Income and Estate Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders of Our Class A Common Stock

  185

Underwriting

  188

Legal Matters

  196

Experts

  196

Where You Can Find Additional Information

  196

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

  F-1



          Through and including                           , 2019 (the 25th day after the date of this prospectus), all dealers effecting transactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to a dealer's obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as an underwriter and with respect to an unsold allotment or subscription.

          Neither we nor any of the underwriters have authorized anyone to provide you with any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectus we have prepared and filed with the SEC. We and the underwriters take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the shares offered hereby, but only under the circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. The information contained in this prospectus is current only as of its date, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of our Class A common stock.

          For investors outside of the United States: Neither we nor the underwriters have done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. You are required to inform yourselves about and to observe any restrictions relating to this offering and the distribution of this prospectus outside of the United States.

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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

          This summary highlights selected information that is presented in greater detail elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary does not contain all of the information you should consider before investing in our Class A common stock. You should read this entire prospectus carefully, including the sections titled "Risk Factors," "Selected Consolidated Financial and Other Data," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," and "Business" and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus, before making an investment decision. Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms "CrowdStrike" "the company," "we," "us," and "our" in this prospectus refer to CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. Our fiscal year end is January 31, and our fiscal quarters end on April 30, July 31, October 31, and January 31. Our fiscal years ended January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018, and January 31, 2019 are referred to herein as fiscal 2017, fiscal 2018, and fiscal 2019, respectively.


CROWDSTRIKE HOLDINGS, INC.

Our Mission

          We don't have a mission statement—we are on a mission to protect our customers from breaches.


Overview

          We founded CrowdStrike in 2011 to reinvent security for the cloud era. When we started the company, cyberattackers had a decided, asymmetric advantage over existing security products. We turned the tables on the adversaries by taking a fundamentally new approach that leverages the network effects of crowdsourced data applied to modern technologies such as artificial intelligence, or AI, cloud computing, and graph databases. Realizing that the nature of cybersecurity problems had changed but the solutions had not, we built our CrowdStrike Falcon platform to detect threats and stop breaches.

          We believe we are defining a new category called the Security Cloud, with the power to transform the security industry much the same way the cloud has transformed the CRM, HR, and service management industries. With our Falcon platform, we created the first multi-tenant, cloud native, intelligent security solution capable of protecting workloads across on-premise, virtualized, and cloud-based environments running on a variety of endpoints such as laptops, desktops, servers, virtual machines, and Internet of Things, or IoT, devices. Our Falcon platform is composed of two tightly integrated proprietary technologies: our easily deployed intelligent lightweight agent and our cloud-based, dynamic graph database called Threat Graph. Our solution benefits from crowdsourcing and economies of scale, which we believe enables our AI algorithms to be uniquely effective. Today, we offer 10 cloud modules on our Falcon platform via a SaaS subscription-based model that spans multiple large security markets, including endpoint security, security and IT operations (including vulnerability management), and threat intelligence.

          Organizations everywhere are becoming more distributed as they adopt the cloud, increase workforce mobility, and grow their number of connected devices. They are adding more workloads to a myriad of different endpoints beyond the traditional security perimeter, exposing an increasingly broad attack surface to adversaries. In addition, the sophistication of cyberattacks has increased, often coming from nation-states, well-funded criminal organizations, and hackers using advanced, easily obtained methods of attack. On a number of occasions, adversaries have launched devastating, destructive attacks that have caused significant business disruption and billions of dollars in cumulative losses. The architectural limitations of legacy security products, coupled with a

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dynamic and intensifying threat landscape, are creating the need for a fundamentally new approach to security.

          Our unique approach starts with our single intelligent lightweight agent that enables frictionless deployment of our platform at scale. Our customers can rapidly adopt our technology across any type of workload running on a variety of endpoints. Our lightweight agent offloads computationally intensive tasks to the cloud, while retaining local detection and prevention capabilities that are necessary on the endpoint. The agent is nonintrusive to the end user and continues to protect the endpoint and track activity even when offline. By utilizing a single agent, customers are able to leverage all the capabilities of our platform without burdening the endpoint with multiple agents. Our lightweight agent intelligently streams high fidelity endpoint data to the cloud, where Threat Graph provides a simple, flexible, and scalable way to model highly interconnected data sets. Threat Graph processes, correlates, and analyzes over one trillion endpoint-related events per week in real time and maintains an index of these events for future use. Threat Graph continuously looks for malicious activity by applying graph analytics and AI algorithms to the data streamed from the endpoints.

          We founded our company on the principle that the future of security would be driven by AI and that a cloud-native architecture would enable the collection of high fidelity data and scalability necessary for an effective solution. We call this cloud-scale AI. From the beginning, our strategy was focused on collecting data at scale, centrally storing such data in a singular model, and training our algorithms on these vast amounts of high fidelity data, which we believe is a fundamental differentiator from our competitors. Our cloud-scale AI means that the more data that is fed into our Falcon platform, the more intelligent Threat Graph becomes and the more our customers benefit, creating a powerful network effect that increases the overall value we provide. AI is revolutionizing many technology fields, including security solutions. To be truly effective, algorithms that enable artificial intelligence depend on the quality and volume of data that trains them and the selection of the right differentiating features from that data. We are uniquely effective because we have more high fidelity data to train our AI models and more security expertise to guide our feature selection—all resulting in industry-leading efficacy and low false positives. By leveraging a multi-tenant, cloud native solution, the data we analyze to stop breaches is both larger and more meaningful than the data from on-premise or single instance private cloud products. If Threat Graph discovers something in one customer environment, all customers benefit automatically and in real time. Taken together, our platform enables intelligent, dynamic automation at scale to detect threats and stop breaches.

          We primarily sell our platform and cloud modules through our direct sales team that leverages our network of channel partners to maximize effectiveness and scale. We amplify our sales presence by leveraging our technology alliance partners that can deliver, embed, or build applications with data and analytics from our Falcon platform. We recently announced a strategic technology and go-to-market partnership with Dell Inc. that will enable Dell's business customers to seamlessly add the Falcon platform to their purchase of Dell hardware. In addition, Dell and SecureWorks Corp. have agreed to take our Falcon platform to market as a preferred endpoint security offering through their global sales organizations. We are also enhancing our go-to-market strategy using a low-touch, trial-to-pay approach. In December 2017, we began to employ a trial-to-pay model in which we offer 15-day free trial access to Falcon Prevent, our next-generation antivirus module, to prospective customers directly from our website. In May 2018, we announced that Falcon Prevent was available for trial and purchase from the AWS Marketplace. We are beginning to see a number of these trial users convert to paying customers. We believe this approach will enable a higher velocity of new customer acquisition and expansion, and will extend our reach to customers of all sizes.

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          We have a low friction land-and-expand sales strategy. When customers deploy our Falcon platform, they can start with any number of cloud modules and we can activate additional cloud modules in real time on the same agent already deployed on the endpoint. Our integrated set of cloud-delivered modules includes next-generation antivirus, endpoint detection and response, or EDR, device control, managed threat hunting, IT hygiene, vulnerability management, and threat intelligence. Once customers experience the benefits of our Falcon platform, they often expand their adoption over time by adding more endpoints or purchasing additional modules. Our dollar-based net retention rate, which measures expansion in existing customers' subscriptions over a 12 month period, was 147% as of January 31, 2019, demonstrating the power of our land-and-expand strategy.

          Some of the world's largest enterprises, government organizations, and high profile brands trust us to protect their business. As of January 31, 2019, we had 2,516 subscription customers worldwide, including 44 of the Fortune 100, 37 of the top 100 global companies, and nine of the top 20 major banks. We began as a large enterprise solution, but the flexibility and scalability of our Falcon platform and enhanced go-to-market approach enable us to protect customers of any size—from hundreds of thousands of endpoints to as few as three. We have been recognized by numerous independent third-party analysts, including Gartner, Inc.(2)(3), Forrester Research Inc., and International Data Corporation, or IDC.

          We have recently experienced significant growth, with total revenue increasing from $52.7 million for fiscal 2017 to $118.8 million for fiscal 2018, representing year-over-year growth of 125%, and from $118.8 million for fiscal 2018 to $249.8 million for fiscal 2019, representing year-over-year growth of 110%. Subscription revenue grew from $37.9 million for fiscal 2017 to $92.6 million for fiscal 2018, a 144% increase, and from $92.6 million for fiscal 2018 to $219.4 million for fiscal 2019, a 137% increase. Our annual recurring revenue, or ARR, has grown from $58.8 million as of January 31, 2017 to $141.3 million as of January 31, 2018, a 140% increase, and from $141.3 million as of January 31, 2018 to $312.7 million as of January 31, 2019, a 121% increase. Our net loss increased from $91.3 million for fiscal 2017 to $135.5 million for fiscal 2018, and from $135.5 million for fiscal 2018 to $140.1 million for fiscal 2019. We expect to continue to incur net losses for the foreseeable future as we continue to invest in our business, and our sales capabilities in particular, to address our large market opportunity.


Industry Background

Cybersecurity Threats are Greater than Ever

          Today's cybersecurity threat landscape is more dangerous than ever. Breaches are complex and often executed over multiple steps known in the industry as the threat lifecycle. The typical threat lifecycle starts with an initial exploit to enter a system, historically using malware, but increasingly using malware-free or fileless methods, to penetrate endpoints and establish a beachhead inside the corporate perimeter. Once inside, adversaries move laterally across the corporate environment where they collect credentials and escalate privileges enabling the typical adversary to download a larger, more destructive malware program or connect with an external control source. At this stage in the threat lifecycle, the adversary is able to encrypt, destroy, or silently exfiltrate sensitive data.

          Increasingly, adversaries are well-trained, possess significant technological and human resources, and are highly deliberate and targeted in their attacks. Adversaries today range from militaries and intelligence services of well-funded nation-states to sophisticated criminal organizations who are motivated by financial gains to hackers leveraging readily available advanced techniques. These groups and individuals are responsible for many breaches that involve theft or holding hostage financial data, intellectual property, and trade secrets. On a number of occasions,

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adversaries have launched devastating, destructive attacks that have caused significant business disruption and billions of dollars in cumulative losses.

Proliferation of Workloads Expanding the Attack Surface

          The rise of cloud computing, workforce mobility, and growth in connected devices has created a rapid expansion of workloads across endpoints and industries. According to a 2019 Cisco white paper, the number of connected devices is expected to reach 28.5 billion by 2022, up from 18 billion in 2017. As a result, devices, applications, and data are highly distributed and diverse, challenging organizations to monitor and protect all of their workloads running on various endpoints. The adoption of many of these technologies and the resulting disappearance of the corporate perimeter have expanded the attack surface and left many organizations increasingly vulnerable to breach. Today, workloads running on endpoints, such as laptops and servers, are the primary targets in a security attack since they are vulnerable and frequently are repositories of valuable and sensitive data, including intellectual property, authentication credentials, personally identifiable information, financial information, and other digital assets. As new workloads are provisioned on emerging mobile and IoT devices, oftentimes residing outside of the corporate perimeter, increasingly more sensitive and mission critical data will be generated and stored on these endpoints as well.

On-Premise Security Architectures are Constrained

          On-premise products are siloed, lack integration, and have limited ability to collect, process, and analyze vast amounts of data—attributes that are required to be effective in today's increasingly dynamic threat landscape. Legacy vendors often deploy more agents to the endpoint as they layer on a patchwork of additional point product capabilities. This approach burdens endpoints by consuming additional storage space, memory, and processor capacity, degrading end user experience without providing effective security. In addition, integrating and maintaining numerous products, data repositories, and infrastructures across highly distributed enterprise environments is a costly and resource-intensive process for already thinly-staffed security teams.

Other Existing Security Products have Limitations

          Legacy Signature-based Products.    Signature-based products are designed to detect attacks that are already catalogued in a repository of previously identified threats, but are not capable of preventing unknown threats or stopping associated breaches. Many significant breaches seen in the last two decades have involved a failure of the legacy signature-based antivirus product to detect a previously unknown or modified version of a previously known attack.

          Malware-focused Machine Learning Products.    Traditionally, organizations have focused on protecting their networks and endpoints against malware-based attacks. These attacks involve malware built for the specific purpose of performing malicious activities, stealing data, or destroying systems. A malware-centric defensive approach will leave the organization vulnerable to attacks that do not leverage malware. According to data from our customer base indexed by Threat Graph, 46% of detections in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019 were not malware-based, but instead leveraged legitimate tools built into modern operating systems, enabling attackers to accomplish their objectives without writing files to the endpoint, making them more difficult for a traditional antivirus product to detect.

          Application Whitelisting Products.    Application whitelisting products resort to an "always allow" or "always block" policy on an endpoint in order to allow or prevent processes from executing. Whitelisting relies in part on manually creating and maintaining a complex list of rules, burdening end users and IT organizations. In order to avoid these management challenges, IT organizations

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often create special exceptions to the whitelist that attackers leverage to compromise endpoints. Furthermore, fileless attacks can exploit legitimate whitelisted applications, compromising the integrity of the whitelisting product.

          Network-centric Security Products.    Traditional network security vendors have focused their products on perimeter-based protection. However, these approaches have decreased in relevance and effectiveness as employees and workplace devices have expanded beyond the firewall and the use of encrypted traffic has increased, creating blind spots and vulnerabilities that attackers are able to exploit. As the number of endpoints proliferates, this layer of defense cannot adequately protect information-rich endpoints and workloads that are outside the corporate perimeter.

          Bolt-on Cloud Products.    Many on-premise vendors have introduced cloud offerings by putting their on-premise products in the cloud. Such single-tenant products were not designed to run in the cloud and therefore continue to be siloed, lack integration, and possess limited scalability to identify threats across their customer base in real time. In addition, such products are complex to deploy, difficult to scale, brittle to maintain, costly to own, and can be ineffective in stopping breaches. Any product that was originally designed for on-premise deployments and migrated to the cloud cannot, by definition, be a cloud native solution.

Creation of the Security Cloud

          Over the last 15 years, cloud computing has revolutionized many industries in enterprise software and created significant shifts in market share away from incumbents with on-premise or single instance cloud offerings. The purpose-built, cloud native leaders that began from scratch with multi-tenant architectures, single data models, and SaaS business models have defined entirely new categories such as CRM Cloud, HR Cloud, and Service Management Cloud. We believe we are doing the same for security.

          An effective solution to address the modern cybersecurity threat landscape should combine multiple methods into an integrated, data-driven, automated, and open cloud-based platform in order to provide comprehensive breach protection across the entire threat lifecycle. Such a platform requires collecting, processing, analyzing, and correlating vast amounts of high fidelity endpoint events in the cloud. This platform needs to operate at web-scale, process events in real time, possess an open architecture, and benefit from the network effects of crowdsourced data to understand attacks that happen across millions of endpoints. We believe only a cloud native approach can address today's threat landscape.

          We believe we are defining a new category called the Security Cloud.


Our Solution

          With our Falcon platform, we created the first multi-tenant, cloud native, open, intelligent security solution capable of protecting workloads across on-premise, virtualized, and cloud-based environments running on a variety of endpoints such as laptops, desktops, servers, virtual machines, and IoT devices. Our solution consists of our single intelligent lightweight agent and our powerful and dynamic cloud-based database Threat Graph. These two tightly integrated proprietary technologies continually collect, process, analyze and correlate vast amounts of high fidelity data across the entire threat lifecycle using a combination of AI and behavioral pattern-matching techniques to stop breaches. We implement this approach by crowdsourcing data across our entire customer base and taking advantage of economies of scale, which we believe enables our AI algorithms to be uniquely effective. Our cloud-based AI is also automatically shared with every customer in our community in real time. We combine multiple methods of detection, prevention, and response to known and unknown threats as well as malware and malware-free techniques across the threat lifecycle.

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          Our Falcon platform integrates 10 cloud modules via a SaaS subscription-based model that spans multiple large security markets, including endpoint security, security and IT operations (including vulnerability management), and threat intelligence to deliver comprehensive breach protection even against today's most sophisticated attacks. Our single data model and open cloud architecture enable us and third-party partners to rapidly innovate, build, and deploy new cloud modules to provide our customers with additional functionality across a myriad of use cases.

          Our cloud modules currently span the following categories:

    Endpoint Security:    Our next-generation antivirus, EDR, and device control modules combine machine learning and advanced behavioral techniques to defend against malware and malware-free attacks, allow for continuous and comprehensive visibility and analysis of endpoint activity, and provide administrators with visibility and granular control across USB peripheral devices.

    Security and IT Operations:    We offer modules addressing IT hygiene, scan-less vulnerability management, a turnkey response and remediation solution, as well as a threat hunting solution that is powered by a team of elite security experts leveraging Threat Graph.

    Threat Intelligence:    Our threat research, malware search engine, and malware analysis modules provide automated assistance to review detected threats, conduct malware research, and detonate suspicious files securely.

          We recently launched the CrowdStrike Store, which is the first open cloud-based application Platform as a Service, or PaaS, for cybersecurity. The CrowdStrike Store introduces a unified Security Cloud ecosystem of trusted partners and applications to our customers. The CrowdStrike Store allows customers to rapidly and easily discover, try, and purchase applications from both trusted partners and CrowdStrike without needing to deploy and manage additional agents and infrastructures or go through lengthy sales, integration, or implementation processes. The CrowdStrike Store allows partners to bring new security applications to the market and efficiently target our customer base. Leveraging our Falcon platform, partners can develop applications that address our customers' needs without having to develop and support their own agents, invest in underlying infrastructure, or hire additional sales personnel. We believe the CrowdStrike Store will cultivate a rich, innovative, and trusted ecosystem between our partners and customers, increasing the overall value of our Falcon platform.

          Earlier this year, we announced CrowdStrike Falcon for Mobile, the first enterprise EDR solution for mobile devices, which we expect will be commercially available in the second quarter of fiscal 2020. Falcon for Mobile enables security teams to hunt for advanced threats on mobile devices while providing enhanced visibility into malicious, unwanted, or accidental access to sensitive corporate data, while protecting user privacy and without impacting device performance. Falcon for Mobile closes the gap between disparate mobile endpoint and enterprise defense solutions by leveraging our cloud-native platform and single-agent architecture.

Key Benefits of Our Solution

    The Power of the Crowd.    Our crowdsourced data enables all of our customers to benefit from contributing to Threat Graph. As more high fidelity data is fed into our Falcon platform, there is more data to train our AI models with, increasing the overall efficacy of our Falcon platform. This benefits our customers and supports our efforts to gain more customers, creating a powerful network effect.

    High Efficacy with Low False Positives.    Our Falcon platform collects, processes, correlates, and analyzes high fidelity data on both real-world attacks and benign behavioral

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      patterns to continually train and enhance our algorithms, resulting in industry-leading threat detection and low false positive rates.

    Consolidation of Siloed Products.    Our platform enables our customers to reduce or streamline their siloed and layered security products, simplifying operations while providing a comprehensive solution.

    Consolidation of Agents.    All of our cloud modules are powered by a single intelligent agent, allowing customers to consolidate and remove numerous agents from their infrastructure and restore endpoint performance.

    Rapid Time to Value.    We streamline the deployment process by providing cloud-delivered security with protection policies that work from day one, eliminating lengthy implementation periods and professional services engagements.

    Constant Protection Anywhere.    Our cloud-based model allows us to secure any type of workload across a variety of customer endpoints such as laptops, desktops, servers, virtual machines, and IoT devices. In addition, once our agent is deployed on an endpoint it continues to protect the endpoint and track activity even when offline.

    Elite Security Team as a Force Multiplier.    OverWatch, our threat hunting cloud module, combines world class human intelligence from our elite security experts with the power of Threat Graph.

    Bridging the Security Skills Gap through Automation.    Our solution automates certain previously manual tasks, freeing up personnel to focus on their most important objectives. Our Falcon Complete module provides a turnkey solution that combines endpoint security with remediation and response capabilities.

    Lowering Total Cost of Ownership.    Our cloud-based platform eliminates our customers' need for initial or ongoing purchases of hardware and does not require their personnel to configure, implement, or integrate disparate point products.


Our Opportunity

          Our customers utilize our Falcon platform and cloud modules across a wide variety of use cases. Our total addressable market initially began as a replacement opportunity in the corporate endpoint security market, but has significantly expanded due to rapid innovation and adoption of our cloud modules across additional security and non-security markets. In addition, our increasing market opportunity is driven by the proliferation of enterprise mobility, adoption of cloud computing, the benefits of big data, and an increasingly dynamic and intensifying threat landscape.

          Our approach to protecting workloads running on the endpoint is unique and innovative. Because of our architecture, our Falcon platform is the first solution to natively address multiple security markets, including markets not typically associated with endpoint security. Today, the five markets we address are comprised of:

          Corporate Endpoint Security.    In 2013, we launched what is now Falcon OverWatch and our Falcon Insight cloud module, and in 2017 we launched Falcon Prevent, to disrupt the EDR and next-generation antivirus markets, respectively. IDC estimates that the global market for these segments will be $7.6 billion in 2019, and is expected to reach $8.7 billion in 2021.

          Threat Intelligence.    In 2012, we released what is now our Falcon X cloud module to address the threat intelligence market. IDC estimates that the global market for this segment will be $1.6 billion in 2019, and is expected to reach $2.0 billion in 2021.

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          Security and Vulnerability Management.    In 2017, we released our Falcon Spotlight cloud module to address the vulnerability management market. IDC estimates that the global market for this segment will be $8.4 billion in 2019, and is expected to reach $10.4 billion in 2021.

          IT Service Management Software.    In 2017, we released our Falcon Discover cloud module to address our first non-security market of IT Asset Management. IDC estimates that the global market for this segment will be $2.6 billion in 2019, and is expected to reach $3.1 billion in 2021.

          Managed Security Services.    In 2018, we released our Falcon Complete cloud module to address the managed security services market. IDC estimates the global market for this segment will be $24.8 billion in 2019, and is expected to reach $29.6 billion in 2021. We estimate that our directly addressable opportunity in this segment is approximately $4.4 billion in 2019 and will reach $5.1 billion in 2021. In assessing the size of our addressable opportunity in this segment, we compared estimates from third party reports of the size of the corporate endpoint security market in which we operate to the size of the total IT security products market in the relevant year to infer the portion of the managed security services market in such year that would be addressable by our offerings.

          Combining these segments, our global opportunity is estimated to be $24.6 billion in 2019, and is expected to reach $29.2 billion in 2021.

          We believe our Falcon platform provides broad applicability and functionality across the security and IT operations markets. We plan on continuing to leverage our endpoint data sets to rapidly innovate and create new cloud modules that we believe will significantly expand our market opportunity over time. In addition, we believe more workloads will be run on endpoints such as IoT devices, generating and storing increasing amounts of sensitive, mission critical data. We believe our Falcon platform will be best suited to address such workloads that often reside outside of the corporate perimeter and require a cloud native solution for pervasive protection.


Growth Strategy

    Grow Our Customer Base by Replacing Legacy and Other Endpoint Security Products.    We grew our subscription customer base by 1,274 customers from 1,242 at January 31, 2018 to 2,516 at January 31, 2019, representing a 103% increase. We will continue to invest in customer acquisition programs, including our channel partnerships, and new programs like our recently launched free trial program of Falcon Prevent that is easily downloaded from our website and AWS Marketplace.

    Further Penetrate Existing Customers.    When customers deploy our lightweight agent, they can easily add additional cloud modules. While some new customers initially deploy our Falcon platform broadly across the organization, others elect to deploy only in selected business units and later deploy on additional endpoints and subscribe to additional modules. The power of our land-and-expand strategy is evidenced by our 147% dollar-based net retention rate as of January 31, 2019.

    Leverage our Falcon Platform to Enter New Markets.    Since 2016, we have launched seven new cloud modules on our platform. Because our lightweight agent collects diverse endpoint data once for repeated use, we can expand our addressable market by rapidly adding new cloud modules that leverage this data. We intend to continue to develop new cloud modules for broader endpoint use cases such as IT configuration management, performance monitoring, and IT operations that leverage this data as well as new classes of endpoints such as those created by IoT.

    Broaden Reach into New Customer Segments.    While we initially targeted large sophisticated enterprises, we have expanded our go-to-market efforts to include customers

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      of all sizes with a dedicated inside sales team focused on smaller organizations. We continue to look for new ways to broaden our reach into new customer segments.

    Broaden Reach into the U.S. Federal Government Vertical.    We are investing in the acquisition of customers in the U.S. federal government vertical. Our platform recently received Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program, or FedRAMP, compliance certification and has been added to the Department of Homeland Security's Continuous Diagnostics and Mitigation Approved Products List to provide federal agencies with innovative security tools. In addition, our platform is deployed in the AWS GovCloud.

    Expand Our International Footprint.    We intend to grow our international customer base by increasing our investments in our overseas operations, including adding headcount in Europe, the Middle East, Asia-Pacific, and Japan, and establishing overseas data centers.

    Extend our Falcon Platform and Ecosystem.    We designed our architecture to be open, interoperable, and highly extensible. We intend to invest in our ecosystem and partner relationships to extend the functionality of our platform and support new use cases that take advantage of the high fidelity data in our Threat Graph. As one such example, we recently launched the CrowdStrike Store, the first open cloud-based application PaaS for cybersecurity and the industry's first unified security cloud ecosystem of trusted third-party applications.


Recent Developments (Preliminary and Unaudited)

          Set forth below are certain preliminary and unaudited estimates of selected financial and other information for the three months ended April 30, 2019 and actual unaudited financial and other information for the three months ended April 30, 2018. The following information reflects our preliminary estimates with respect to such results based on currently available information, is not a comprehensive statement of our financial results and is subject to completion of our financial closing procedures. Our financial closing procedures for the three months ended April 30, 2019 are not yet complete and, as a result, our actual results may differ materially from these estimates. These estimates should not be viewed as a substitute for our full interim or annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. Further, our preliminary estimated results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the remainder of fiscal 2020 or any future period as a result of various factors, including, but not limited to, those discussed in the sections titled "Risk Factors" and "Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements." This information should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" for prior periods included elsewhere in this prospectus.

          The preliminary estimates presented below have been prepared by, and are the responsibility of, management. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, has not audited, reviewed, compiled, or performed any procedures with respect to the preliminary

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financial information. Accordingly, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP does not express an opinion or any other form of assurance with respect thereto.

 
  Three Months
Ended
April 30,
2018
  Three Months Ended
April 30, 2019
 
 
  Low
(estimated)
  High
(estimated)
 
 
  Actual  
 
  (unaudited, dollars in thousands)
 

Revenue:

                   

Subscription

  $ 39,758   $ 83,800   $ 85,600  

Professional services

    7,531     9,800     10,100  

Total revenue

  $ 47,289   $ 93,600   $ 95,700  

Cost of revenue:

                   

Subscription

  $ 15,171   $ 23,600   $ 24,300  

Professional services

    4,223     5,500     5,700  

Total cost of revenue

  $ 19,394   $ 29,100   $ 30,000  

Subscription gross profit

  $ 24,587   $ 59,500   $ 62,000  

Subscription gross margin

    62 %   71 %   72 %

Gross profit

  $ 27,895   $ 63,600   $ 66,600  

Loss from operations

  $ (33,114 ) $ (26,500 ) $ (25,700 )

Operating margin

    (70 )%   (28 )%   (27 )%

Non-GAAP Financial Measures:

   
 
   
 
   
 
 

Non-GAAP subscription gross profit

  $ 24,746   $ 59,874   $ 62,374  

Non-GAAP subscription gross margin

    62 %   71 %   73 %

Non-GAAP loss from operations

  $ (31,229 ) $ (22,602 ) $ (21,802 )

Non-GAAP operating margin

    (66 )%   (24 )%   (23 )%

 

 
   
  As of April 30, 2019  
 
  As of
April 30,
2018
  Low
(estimated)
  High
(estimated)
 

Key Metrics:

                   

Subscription customers

    1,491     3,054     3,054  

Annual recurring revenue (in thousands)

  $ 170,392   $ 354,000   $ 360,000  

Dollar-based net retention rate

    123 %   137 %   141 %

          We adopted Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, or ASC 606, on February 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective transition method. Under this method, results for reporting periods beginning on February 1, 2019 are presented in accordance with ASC 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historical accounting under ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition. We recorded a cumulative effect adjustment of $23.4 million, which was a net decrease, to our opening accumulated deficit, net of tax, as of the date of adoption. The adjustment resulted from a $23.7 million reduction in historical commissions expense, offset by a $0.3 million reduction in historical revenue.

          We expect an increase in subscription revenue for the three months ended April 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended April 30, 2018, which we primarily attribute to the addition of new customers, as we increased our subscription customer base by 105% from 1,491 customers as of April 30, 2018 to 3,054 customers as of April 30, 2019.

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          We expect an increase in professional services revenue for the three months ended April 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended April 30, 2018 which we primarily attribute to an increase in the number of professional services hours performed.

          We expect our subscription gross margin will improve for the three months ended April 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended April 30, 2018 as a result of our moving more of our operations to colocation data centers from third-party cloud service providers, renegotiating the terms of a third-party cloud service provider contract, incentivizing our sales team to drive higher margin subscriptions, and efforts to optimize our channel partner programs.

          We expect an improvement in loss from operations for the three months ended April 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended April 30, 2018, primarily due to revenue growing at a faster rate than expenses. We estimate that loss from operations would have been adversely affected by an additional $4.0 million to $4.4 million of sales and marketing expense for the three months ended April 30, 2019 if such reporting period had been presented in accordance with our historical accounting under ASC Topic 605. Revenue for the three months ended April 30, 2019 is not expected to be materially affected as a result of the adoption of ASC 606.

          The following tables provide reconciliations of our preliminary estimates of non-GAAP subscription gross profit and non-GAAP loss from operations for the three months ended April 30, 2019, and reconciliations of our actual non-GAAP subscription gross profit and non-GAAP loss from operations for the three months ended April 30, 2018:

 
   
  Three Months
Ended
April 30,
2019
 
 
  Three Months
Ended
April 30,
2018
 
 
  Low
(estimated)
  High
(estimated)
 
 
  Actual  
 
  (unaudited, dollars in thousands)
 

Subscription gross profit

  $ 24,587   $ 59,500   $ 62,000  

Add: Stock-based compensation expense

    63     270     270  

Add: Amortization of acquired intangible assets

    96     104     104  

Non-GAAP subscription gross profit

  $ 24,746   $ 59,874   $ 62,374  

 

 
   
  Three Months
Ended
April 30,
2019
 
 
  Three Months
Ended
April 30,
2018
 
 
  Low
(estimated)
  High
(estimated)
 
 
  Actual  
 
  (unaudited, dollars in thousands)
 

Loss from operations

  $ (33,114 ) $ (26,500 ) $ (25,700 )

Add: Stock-based compensation expense

    1,719     3,752     3,752  

Add: Amortization of acquired intangible assets

    166     146     146  

Non-GAAP loss from operations

  $ (31,229 ) $ (22,602 ) $ (21,802 )

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Risks Associated with Our Business

          Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including those highlighted in the section titled "Risk Factors" immediately following this prospectus summary. These risks include, but are not limited to, the following:

    We have experienced rapid growth in recent periods, and if we do not manage our future growth, our business and results of operations will be adversely affected.

    We have a history of losses and may not be able to achieve or sustain profitability in the future.

    Our limited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate our current business and future prospects, and may increase the risk of your investment.

    If organizations do not adopt cloud-based SaaS-delivered endpoint security solutions, our ability to grow our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.

    If we are unable to attract new customers, our future results of operations could be harmed.

    If our customers do not renew their subscriptions for our products and add additional cloud modules to their subscriptions, our future results of operations could be harmed.

    We face intense competition and could lose market share to our competitors, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

    If our solutions fail or are perceived to fail to detect or prevent incidents or have or are perceived to have defects, errors, or vulnerabilities, our brand and reputation would be harmed, which would adversely affect our business and results of operations.

    As a cybersecurity provider, we have been, and expect to continue to be, a target of cyberattacks. If our internal networks, systems, or data are or are perceived to have been breached, our reputation may be damaged and our financial results may be negatively affected.

    Our business is focused on cloud-based data analytics, and cybersecurity, privacy, and other regulations may affect how we collect and process certain types of data.

    We rely on third-party data centers, such as Amazon Web Services, and our own colocation data centers, to host and operate our Falcon platform, and any disruption of or interference with our use of these facilities may negatively affect our ability to maintain the performance and reliability of our Falcon platform, which could cause our business to suffer.

    If we do not effectively expand and train our direct sales force, we may be unable to add new customers or increase sales to our existing customers, and our business will be adversely affected.

    Our results of operations may fluctuate significantly, which could make our future results difficult to predict and could cause our results of operations to fall below expectations.

    Claims by others that we infringe their proprietary technology or other intellectual property rights could result in significant costs and substantially harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

    The dual class structure of our common stock has the effect of concentrating voting control with those stockholders who held our capital stock (or options or other securities convertible into or exercisable for our capital stock) prior to the completion of this offering, including our executive officers, employees, directors, current principal stockholders, and their affiliates, which will limit your ability to influence the outcome of matters submitted to our

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      stockholders for approval. Upon the completion of this offering, our executive officers, directors, each of our stockholders that currently owns more than five percent of our outstanding capital stock, and their respective affiliates will hold, in aggregate, 75% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock. Furthermore, three of our current stockholders and their affiliates will hold, in aggregate, 62% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock.


Channels for Disclosure of Information

          Following the completion of this offering, we intend to announce material information to the public through filings with the SEC, the investor relations page on our website (www.crowdstrike.com), press releases, public conference calls, and public webcasts.

          Any updates to the list of disclosure channels through which we will announce information will be posted on the investor relations page on our website.


Corporate Information

          CrowdStrike, Inc. was incorporated in the state of Delaware in August 2011. We then incorporated CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc. in the state of Delaware in November 2011, which acquired all shares of CrowdStrike, Inc. held by Warburg Pincus Private Equity X, L.P. and Warburg Pincus X Partners, L.P., or Warburg Pincus, such that CrowdStrike, Inc. became our wholly-owned subsidiary. Our principal executive offices are located at 150 Mathilda Place, Suite 300, Sunnyvale, California 94086, and our telephone number is (888) 512-8906. Our website address is www.crowdstrike.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute part of this prospectus and inclusions of our website address in this prospectus are inactive textual references only.

          The CrowdStrike design logo, "CrowdStrike," "CrowdStrike Falcon," "CrowdStrike Threat Graph," and our other registered or common law trademarks, service marks, or trade names appearing in this prospectus are the property of CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc. Other trademarks and trade names referred to in this prospectus are the property of their respective owners.


Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company

          We are an "emerging growth company" as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act. An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These reduced reporting requirements include:

    the requirement to present only two years of audited financial statements and only two years of related management's discussion and analysis in this prospectus;

    an exemption from compliance with the auditor attestation requirement on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting;

    an exemption from compliance with any requirement that the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board may adopt regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor's report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements;

    reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements; and

    an exemption from the requirements to obtain a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation or stockholder approval of any golden parachute arrangements.

          We may take advantage of these exemptions until such time that we are no longer an emerging growth company. Accordingly, the information contained herein may be different than the

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information you receive from other public companies in which you hold stock. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest to occur of: (i) the first fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of our initial public offering; (ii) the first fiscal year after our annual gross revenue is $1.07 billion or more; (iii) the date on which we have, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities; or (iv) as of the end of any fiscal year in which the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeded $700.0 million as of the end of the second quarter of that fiscal year.

          Further, pursuant to Section 107 of the JOBS Act, as an emerging growth company, we have elected to take advantage of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. As a result, our results of operations and financial statements may not be comparable to the results of operations and financial statements of other companies who have adopted the new or revised accounting standards. It is possible that some investors will find our Class A common stock less attractive as a result, which may result in a less active trading market for our Class A common stock and higher volatility in our stock price. See the section titled "Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—Our reported financial results may be affected by changes in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, such as the adoption of ASC 606, and difficulties in implementing these changes could cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations, which could result in regulatory discipline and harm investors' confidence in us."

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The Offering

Class A common stock offered by us

  18,000,000 shares

Class A common stock to be outstanding after this offering

 

18,000,000 shares (20,700,000 shares, if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full)

Class B common stock to be outstanding after this offering

 

178,688,971 shares

Total Class A and Class B common stock to be outstanding after this offering

 

196,688,971 shares (199,388,971 shares, if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full)

Underwriters' option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock from us

 

2,700,000 shares

Use of proceeds

 

We estimate that the net proceeds from the sale of shares of our Class A common stock in this offering will be approximately $351.2 million (or approximately $404.8 million if the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares of our Class A common stock from us is exercised in full), based upon the assumed initial public offering price of $21.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

 

We intend to use the net proceeds we receive from this offering for general corporate purposes, including working capital, sales and marketing activities, research and development, general and administrative matters, and capital expenditures. We may also use a portion of the net proceeds for the acquisition of, or investment in, technologies, solutions, products, or businesses that complement our business, although we have no present commitments or agreements to enter into any such acquisitions or investments. See the section titled "Use of Proceeds" for additional information.

Voting rights

 

Shares of our Class A common stock will be entitled to one vote per share.

 

Shares of our Class B common stock will be entitled to ten votes per share.

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The holders of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock will generally vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to a vote of our stockholders unless otherwise required by Delaware law or our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. See "Description of Capital Stock."

Concentration of ownership

 

The dual class structure of our common stock has the effect of concentrating voting control with those stockholders who held our capital stock (or options or other securities convertible into or exercisable for our capital stock) prior to the completion of this offering, including our executive officers, employees, directors, current principal stockholders, and their affiliates, which will limit your ability to influence the outcome of matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including the election of our directors and the approval of any change in control transaction. Upon the completion of this offering, our executive officers, directors, each of our stockholders that currently owns more than five percent of our outstanding capital stock, and their respective affiliates will hold, in aggregate, 75% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock, without giving effect to any purchases that these holders may make through our directed share program. Furthermore, three of our current stockholders and their affiliates will hold, in aggregate, 62% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock. For more information, see "Principal Stockholders."

 

All shares of Class B common stock will automatically convert into shares of our Class A common stock on the earliest of (i) the date specified by the holders of two-thirds of the then outstanding shares of our Class B common stock, (ii) the date on which the number of outstanding shares of our Class B common stock represents less than 5% of the number of outstanding shares of our Class A common stock and our Class B common stock, taken together as a single class, which calculation excludes certain Acquisition Securities, as defined in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to be in effect after the completion of this offering and (iii) the date that is nine months after the death or permanent and total disability of our founder, George Kurtz, provided that such date may be extended by a majority of the independent members of our board of directors to a date that is not longer than 18 months from the date of such death or disability. For more information, see "Description of Capital Stock."

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Directed share program

 

At our request, the underwriters have reserved 5% of the shares of Class A common stock to be offered by this prospectus for sale, at the initial public offering price, to directors, officers, employees, and their friends and family members. If purchased by these persons, these shares will not be subject to a lock-up restriction, except in the case of shares purchased by any director or executive officer. The number of shares of common stock available for sale to the general public will be reduced to the extent these individuals purchase such reserved shares. Any reserved shares that are not so purchased will be offered by the underwriters to the general public on the same basis as the other shares offered by this prospectus.

Proposed Nasdaq Global Select Market trading symbol

 

"CRWD"

Other relationships

 

The underwriters and their respective affiliates are full service financial institutions engaged in various activities and have other relationships with us and our affiliates. See "Underwriting—Other Relationships."

          The number of shares of our common stock that will be outstanding after this offering is based on 178,688,971 shares of our Class B common stock (including shares of our redeemable convertible preferred stock on an as-converted basis) outstanding as of January 31, 2019, and excludes:

    26,535,487 shares of our Class B common stock issuable upon the exercise of options to purchase shares of our common stock outstanding as of January 31, 2019, with a weighted-average exercise price of $3.87 per share;

    879,758 shares of our Class B common stock issuable upon the exercise of options granted after January 31, 2019 (which does not include the stock options described below that may be granted on the date of this prospectus), with a weighted-average exercise price of $14.65;

    4,059,407 shares of our Class B common stock issuable upon the satisfaction of a performance-based vesting condition pursuant to restricted stock units, or RSUs, outstanding as of January 31, 2019;

    853,188 shares of our Class B common stock issuable upon the satisfaction of a performance-based vesting condition pursuant to RSUs granted after January 31, 2019 (which does not include the RSUs described below that may be granted on the date of this prospectus);

    up to 1,200,000 shares of our Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options, with an exercise price equal to the initial public offering price, or that will be subject to vesting of RSUs, that we expect to grant under our 2019 Plan on the date of this prospectus;

    336,386 shares of our Class B common stock, on an as-converted basis, issuable upon the exercise of warrants to purchase 336,386 shares of our redeemable convertible preferred stock that were outstanding as of January 31, 2019, with a weighted-average exercise price of $2.94 per share; and

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    shares of our Class A common stock reserved for future issuance under our equity compensation plans, consisting of:

    7,550,000 shares of our Class A common stock to be reserved for future issuance under our 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, or our 2019 Plan, which will become effective prior to the completion of this offering (consisting of 8,750,000 shares reduced by the shares underlying stock options or subject to vesting of RSUs that we expect to grant on the date of this prospectus); and

    3,500,000 shares of our Class A common stock to be reserved for future issuance under our 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or our ESPP, which will become effective prior to the completion of this offering.

          Our 2019 Plan and ESPP each provide for annual automatic increases in the number of shares of our Class A common stock reserved thereunder, and our 2019 Plan also provides for increases to the number of shares of our Class A common stock that may be granted thereunder based on shares under our 2011 Plan that expire, are forfeited, or otherwise repurchased by us, as more fully described in the section titled "Executive Compensation—Employee Benefit and Stock Plans."

          Except as otherwise indicated, all information in this prospectus assumes:

    the filing and effectiveness of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and the adoption of our amended and restated bylaws, each of which will occur immediately prior to the completion of this offering;

    the automatic conversion of an aggregate of 131,267,586 shares of our redeemable convertible preferred stock outstanding as of January 31, 2019, into an equivalent number of shares of our Class B common stock, which will occur immediately prior to the completion of this offering;

    the automatic conversion of our redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants to Class B common stock warrants, and the resulting reclassification of our redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability to additional paid-in-capital, which will occur immediately prior to the completion of this offering;

    no exercise of outstanding options or warrants and no settlement of outstanding RSUs subsequent to January 31, 2019; and

    no exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional shares of our Class A common stock from us.

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Summary Consolidated Financial and Other Data

          The following table summarizes our consolidated financial data. The summary consolidated statements of operations data presented below for fiscal 2017, fiscal 2018, and fiscal 2019 and the consolidated balance sheet data presented below as of January 31, 2019 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The following summary consolidated financial data should be read together with our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes, as well as the section titled "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," included elsewhere in this prospectus. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of our results in any future period.

 
  Year Ended January 31,  
 
  2017   2018   2019  
 
  (in thousands, except per share data)
 

Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:

                   

Revenue

                   

Subscription

  $ 37,895   $ 92,568   $ 219,401  

Professional services

    14,850     26,184     30,423  

Total revenue

    52,745     118,752     249,824  

Cost of revenue(1)

                   

Subscription

    24,378     39,857     69,208  

Professional services

    9,628     14,629     18,030  

Total cost of revenue

    34,006     54,486     87,238  

Gross profit

    18,739     64,266     162,586  

Operating expenses

                   

Sales and marketing(1)

    53,748     104,277     172,682  

Research and development(1)

    39,145     58,887     84,551  

General and administrative(1)

    16,402     32,542     42,217  

Total operating expenses

    109,295     195,706     299,450  

Loss from operations

    (90,556 )   (131,440 )   (136,864 )

Interest expense

    (615 )   (1,648 )   (428 )

Other expense, net

    (82 )   (1,473 )   (1,418 )

Loss before provision for income taxes

    (91,253 )   (134,561 )   (138,710 )

Provision for income taxes

    (87 )   (929 )   (1,367 )

Net loss

  $ (91,340 ) $ (135,490 ) $ (140,077 )

Accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock

    (17,012 )   (5,853 )    

Net loss attributable to common stockholders

  $ (108,352 ) $ (141,343 ) $ (140,077 )

Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted(2)

  $ (2.73 ) $ (3.38 ) $ (3.12 )

Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted(2)

    39,706     41,876     44,863  

Pro forma net loss per share, basic and diluted (unaudited)(2)

                          $ (0.80 )

Weighted-average shares used in computing pro forma net loss per share, basic and diluted (unaudited)(2)

                            171,202  

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(1)
Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:
 
  Year Ended January 31,  
 
  2017   2018   2019  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Cost of revenue

  $ 91   $ 341   $ 894  

Sales and marketing

    638     1,386     5,175  

Research and development

    561     3,429     7,815  

General and administrative

    704     7,187     6,621  

Total stock-based compensation expense

  $ 1,994   $ 12,343   $ 20,505  
(2)
See Note 2 and Note 15 to our consolidated financial statements elsewhere in this prospectus for an explanation of the method used to calculate our basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to our common stockholders, our basic and diluted pro forma net loss per share, and the weighted-average number of shares used in the computation of the per share amounts.
 
  As of January 31, 2019  
 
  Actual   Pro Forma(1)   Pro Forma
As Adjusted(2)(3)
 
 
  (in thousands)
 

Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:

                   

Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities

  $ 191,655   $ 191,655   $ 542,865  

Working capital(4)

    49,968     49,968     404,036  

Total assets

    433,219     433,219     781,571  

Deferred revenue, current and noncurrent

    290,067     290,067     290,067  

Redeemable convertible preferred stock

    557,912          

Accumulated deficit

    (519,126 )   (529,488 )   (529,488 )

Total stockholders' equity (deficit)

    (487,793 )   74,656     425,866  

(1)
The pro forma column in the balance sheet data above reflects (i) the automatic conversion of an aggregate of 131,267,586 shares of our outstanding redeemable convertible preferred stock into an equivalent number of Class B common stock immediately prior to the completion of this offering, (ii) the automatic conversion of the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants to Class B common stock warrants, and the resulting reclassification of the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability to additional paid-in-capital, (iii) stock-based compensation expense of approximately $10.4 million associated with RSUs subject to service-based and performance-based vesting conditions, which we will recognize upon the completion of this offering, as further described in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus, and (iv) the filing and effectiveness of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation in Delaware.
(2)
The pro forma as adjusted column further reflects the receipt of $351.2 million in net proceeds from our sale of 18,000,000 shares of Class A common stock in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $21.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
(3)
Each $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $21.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the assumed offering price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus, would increase or decrease, as applicable the amount of our pro forma cash and cash equivalents, working capital, total assets, and total stockholders' equity by $17.0 million, assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions payable by us. We may also increase or decrease the number of shares we are offering. An increase or decrease of 1.0 million shares in the number of shares offered by us would increase or decrease, as applicable, the amount of our pro forma cash and cash equivalents, working capital, total assets, and total stockholders' equity by $19.8 million, assuming the assumed initial public offering price remains the same, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions.
(4)
Working capital is defined as current assets less current liabilities.


Key Metrics

          We monitor the following key metrics to help us evaluate our business, identify trends affecting our business, formulate business plans, and make strategic decisions. We believe the following metrics are useful in evaluating our business.

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Subscription Customers

          We believe that our ability to increase the number of subscription customers on our platform is an indicator of our market penetration, the growth of our business, and our potential future business opportunities. We have a history of growing the number of customers who subscribe to our Falcon platform, which does not include customers solely of our incident response and proactive services. We have consistently increased the number of subscription customers period-over-period, and we expect this trend to continue as we increase the number of subscription customers who are small and medium sized businesses, and as larger enterprises continue to replace or supplement their legacy on-premise security products. The following table sets forth the number of subscription customers as of the dates presented:

 
  As of January 31,  
 
  2017   2018   2019  

Subscription customers

    450     1,242     2,516  

Year-over-year growth

    173 %   176 %   103 %

Annual Recurring Revenue

          We believe that ARR is a key metric to measure our business because it is driven by our ability to acquire new subscription customers and to maintain and expand our relationship with existing subscription customers. ARR is calculated as the annualized value of our customer subscription contracts as of the measurement date, assuming any contract that expires during the next 12 months is renewed on its existing terms. The following table sets forth our ARR as of the dates presented:

 
  As of January 31,  
 
  2017   2018   2019  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

Annual recurring revenue

  $ 58,758   $ 141,314   $ 312,656  

Year-over-year growth

    110 %   140 %   121 %

Dollar-Based Net Retention Rate

          We believe that our ability to retain and grow the subscription revenue generated from our existing subscription customers is an indicator of the long-term value of our subscription customer relationships and our potential future business opportunities. We track our performance in this area by measuring our dollar-based net retention rate, which compares our ARR from a set of subscription customers against the same metric for those subscription customers from the prior year. Our dollar-based net retention rate reflects customer renewals, expansion, contraction and churn, and excludes revenue from our incident response and proactive services. Since January 2016, our dollar-based net retention rate has consistently exceeded 100%, which is primarily attributable to an expansion of endpoints within, and cross-selling additional cloud modules to, our existing subscription customers. We calculate our dollar-based net retention rate as of a period end by starting with the ARR from all subscription customers as of 12 months prior to such period end, or Prior Period ARR. We then calculate the ARR from these same subscription customers as of the current period end, or Current Period ARR. Current Period ARR includes any expansion and is net of contraction or churn over the trailing 12 months but excludes revenue from new subscription customers in the current period. We then divide the Current Period ARR by the Prior Period ARR to

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arrive at our dollar-based net retention rate. The following table sets forth the dollar-based net retention rates as of the dates presented:

 
  As of
January 31,
 
 
  2017   2018   2019  

Dollar-based net retention rate

    104 %   119 %   147 %

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

          We believe that, in addition to our results determined in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, non-GAAP subscription gross profit, non-GAAP subscription gross margin, non-GAAP loss from operations, non-GAAP operating margin, free cash flow, and free cash flow margin are useful in evaluating our business, results of operations and financial condition.

          See the section titled "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for explanations of how we calculate these measures and for reconciliation to the most directly comparable financial measure stated in accordance with GAAP.

 
  Year Ended
January 31,
 
 
  2017   2018   2019  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

Subscription gross profit

  $ 13,517   $ 52,711   $ 150,193  

Non-GAAP subscription gross profit

  $ 13,664   $ 53,087   $ 151,209  

Subscription gross margin

   
36

%
 
57

%
 
68

%

Non-GAAP subscription gross margin

    36 %   57 %   69 %

Loss from operations

 
$

(90,556

)

$

(131,440

)

$

(136,864

)

Non-GAAP loss from operations

  $ (88,465 ) $ (118,302 ) $ (115,776 )

Operating margin

   
(172

)%
 
(111

)%
 
(55

)%

Non-GAAP operating margin

    (168 )%   (100 )%   (46 )%

Net cash used in operating activities

 
$

(51,998

)

$

(58,766

)

$

(22,968

)

Net cash used in investing activities

  $ (11,854 ) $ (28,330 ) $ (142,030 )

Net cash provided by financing activities

  $ 17,460   $ 126,831   $ 190,389  

Free cash flow

  $ (64,645 ) $ (94,992 ) $ (65,613 )

Net cash used in operating activities as a percentage of revenue

   
(99

)%
 
(49

)%
 
(9

)%

Free cash flow margin

    (123 )%   (80 )%   (26 )%

Non-GAAP Subscription Gross Profit and Non-GAAP Subscription Gross Margin

          We define non-GAAP subscription gross profit and non-GAAP subscription gross margin as GAAP subscription gross profit and GAAP subscription gross margin, respectively, excluding stock-based compensation expense and amortization of acquired intangible assets. We believe non-GAAP subscription gross profit and non-GAAP subscription gross margin provide our management and investors consistency and comparability with our past financial performance and facilitate period-to-period comparisons of operations, as these eliminate the effects of certain variables from period to period for reasons unrelated to our overall operating performance.

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Non-GAAP Loss from Operations and Non-GAAP Operating Margin

          We define non-GAAP loss from operations and non-GAAP operating margin as GAAP loss from operations and GAAP operating margin, respectively, excluding stock-based compensation expense, amortization of acquired intangible assets, and acquisition related expenses. We believe non-GAAP loss from operations and non-GAAP operating margin provide our management and investors consistency and comparability with our past financial performance and facilitate period-to-period comparisons of operations, as these metrics generally eliminate the effects of certain variables from period to period for reasons unrelated to our overall operating performance.

Free Cash Flow and Free Cash Flow Margin

          Free cash flow is a non-GAAP financial measure that we define as net cash used in operating activities less purchases of property and equipment, capitalized internal-use software, acquisition of intangible assets, and cash used for business combinations. Free cash flow margin is calculated as free cash flow divided by total revenue. We believe that free cash flow and free cash flow margin are useful indicators of liquidity that provide information to management and investors, even if negative, as they provide useful information about the amount of cash consumed by our operating activities that is not available to be used for purchases of property and equipment and other strategic initiatives. For example, as free cash flow is negative, we will need to access cash reserves or other sources of capital for these investments. One limitation of free cash flow and free cash flow margin is that they do not reflect our future contractual commitments. Additionally, free cash flow does not represent the total increase or decrease in our cash balance for a given period.

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RISK FACTORS

          Investing in our Class A common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information contained in this prospectus, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto, before making a decision to invest in our Class A common stock. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of, or that we currently believe are not material, may also become important factors that affect us. If any of the following risks occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects could be materially and adversely affected. In that event, the price of our Class A common stock could decline, and you could lose part or all of your investment.


Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

We have experienced rapid growth in recent periods, and if we do not manage our future growth, our business and results of operations will be adversely affected.

          We have experienced rapid revenue growth in recent periods and we expect to continue to invest broadly across our organization to support our growth. For example, our headcount grew from 324 employees as of January 31, 2016, to 550 employees as of January 31, 2017, to 910 employees as of January 31, 2018, to 1,455 employees as of January 31, 2019. Although we have experienced rapid growth historically, we may not sustain our current growth rates nor can we assure you that our investments to support our growth will be successful. The growth and expansion of our business will require us to invest significant financial and operational resources and the continuous dedication of our management team. We have encountered and will continue to encounter risks and difficulties frequently experienced by rapidly growing companies in evolving industries, including market acceptance of our Falcon platform, adding new customers, intense competition, and our ability to manage our costs and operating expenses. Our future success will depend in part on our ability to manage our growth effectively, which will require us to, among other things:

          If we fail to achieve these objectives effectively, our ability to manage our expected growth, ensure uninterrupted operation of our Falcon platform and key business systems, and comply with the rules and regulations applicable to our business could be impaired. Additionally, the quality of our platform and services could suffer and we may not be able to adequately address competitive challenges. Any of the foregoing could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We have a history of losses and may not be able to achieve or sustain profitability in the future.

          We have incurred net losses in all periods since our inception, and we may not achieve or maintain profitability in the future. We experienced net losses of $91.3 million, $135.5 million,

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$140.1 million for fiscal 2017, fiscal 2018, and fiscal 2019, respectively. As of January 31, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $519.1 million. While we have experienced significant growth in revenue in recent periods, we cannot predict when or whether we will reach or maintain profitability. We also expect our operating expenses to increase in the future as we continue to invest for our future growth, which will negatively affect our results of operations if our total revenue does not increase. We cannot assure you that these investments will result in substantial increases in our total revenue or improvements in our results of operations. In addition to the anticipated costs to grow our business, we also expect to incur significant additional legal, accounting, and other expenses as a newly public company. Any failure to increase our revenue as we invest in our business or to manage our costs could prevent us from achieving or maintaining profitability or positive cash flow.

Our limited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate our current business and future prospects, and may increase the risk of your investment.

          We were founded in November 2011 and launched our first endpoint security solution in 2013. Our limited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate our current business, future prospects, and other trends, including our ability to plan for and model future growth. We have encountered and will continue to encounter risks, uncertainties, and difficulties frequently experienced by rapidly growing companies in evolving industries, including our ability to achieve broad market acceptance of cloud-based, SaaS-delivered endpoint security solutions and our Falcon platform, attract additional customers, grow partnerships, compete effectively, build and maintain effective compliance programs, and manage increasing expenses as we continue to invest in our business. If we do not address these risks, uncertainties, and difficulties successfully, our business, and results of operations will be harmed. Further, we have limited historical financial data, and we operate in a rapidly evolving market. As a result, any predictions about our future revenue and expenses may not be as accurate as they would be if we had a longer operating history or operated in a more predictable market.

If organizations do not adopt cloud-based SaaS-delivered endpoint security solutions, our ability to grow our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.

          We believe our future success will depend in large part on the growth, if any, in the market for cloud-based SaaS-delivered endpoint security solutions. The use of SaaS solutions to manage and automate security and IT operations is at an early stage and rapidly evolving. As such, it is difficult to predict its potential growth, if any, customer adoption and retention rates, customer demand for our solutions, or the success of existing competitive products. Any expansion in our market depends on a number of factors, including the cost, performance, and perceived value associated with our solutions and those of our competitors. If our solutions do not achieve widespread adoption or there is a reduction in demand for our solutions due to a lack of customer acceptance, technological challenges, competing products, privacy concerns, decreases in corporate spending, weakening economic conditions or otherwise, it could result in early terminations, reduced customer retention rates, or decreased revenue, any of which would adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial results. We do not know whether the trend in adoption of cloud-based SaaS-delivered endpoint security solutions we have experienced in the past will continue in the future. Furthermore, if we or other SaaS security providers experience security incidents, loss or disclosure of customer data, disruptions in delivery, or other problems, the market for SaaS solutions as a whole, including our security solutions, will be negatively affected. You should consider our business and prospects in light of the risks and difficulties we encounter in this new and evolving market.

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If we are unable to attract new customers, our future results of operations could be harmed.

          To expand our customer base, we need to convince potential customers to allocate a portion of their discretionary budgets to purchase our Falcon platform. Our sales efforts often involve educating our prospective customers about the uses and benefits of our Falcon platform. Enterprises and governments that use legacy security products, such as signature-based or malware-based products, firewalls, intrusion prevention systems, and antivirus, for their IT security may be hesitant to purchase our Falcon platform if they believe that these products are more cost effective, provide substantially the same functionality as our Falcon platform or provide a level of IT security that is sufficient to meet their needs. We may have difficulty convincing prospective customers of the value of adopting our solution. Even if we are successful in convincing prospective customers that a cloud native platform like ours is critical to protect against cyberattacks, they may not decide to purchase our Falcon platform for a variety of reasons some of which are out of our control. For example, any future deterioration in general economic conditions may cause our customers to cut their overall security and IT operations spending, and such cuts may fall disproportionately on cloud-based security solutions like ours. Economic weakness, customer financial difficulties, and constrained spending on security and IT operations may result in decreased revenue and adversely affect our results of operations and financial conditions. Additionally, if the incidence of cyberattacks were to decline, or enterprises or governments perceive that the general level of cyberattacks has declined, our ability to attract new customers and expand sales of our solutions to existing customers could be adversely affected. If organizations do not continue to adopt our Falcon platform, our sales will not grow as quickly as anticipated, or at all, and our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be harmed.

If our customers do not renew their subscriptions for our products and add additional cloud modules to their subscriptions, our future results of operations could be harmed.

          In order for us to maintain or improve our results of operations, it is important that our customers renew their subscriptions for our Falcon platform when existing contract terms expire, and that we expand our commercial relationships with our existing customers by selling additional cloud modules and by deploying to more endpoints in their environments. Our customers have no obligation to renew their subscription for our Falcon platform after the expiration of their contractual subscription period, which is generally one year, and in the normal course of business, some customers have elected not to renew. In addition, our customers may renew for shorter contract subscription lengths or cease using certain cloud modules. Our customer retention and expansion may decline or fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including our customers' satisfaction with our services, our pricing, customer security and networking issues and requirements, our customers' spending levels, decreases in the number of endpoints to which our customers deploy our solutions, mergers and acquisitions involving our customers, industry developments, competition and general economic conditions. If our efforts to maintain and expand our relationships with our existing customers are not successful, our business, results of operations, and financial condition may materially suffer.

We face intense competition and could lose market share to our competitors, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

          The market for security and IT operations solutions is intensely competitive, fragmented, and characterized by rapid changes in technology, customer requirements, industry standards, increasingly sophisticated attackers, and by frequent introductions of new or improved products to combat security threats. We expect to continue to face intense competition from current competitors, as well as from new entrants into the market. If we are unable to anticipate or react to

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these challenges, our competitive position could weaken, and we could experience a decline in revenue or reduced revenue growth, and loss of market share that would adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Our ability to compete effectively depends upon numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including, but not limited to:

          Our competitors include the following by general category:

          Many of these competitors have greater financial, technical, marketing, sales, and other resources, greater name recognition, longer operating histories, and a larger base of customers than we do. They may be able to devote greater resources to the development, promotion, and sale of services than we can, and they may offer lower pricing than we do. Further, they may have greater resources for research and development of new technologies, the provision of customer support, and the pursuit of acquisitions, or they may have other financial, technical, or other resource advantages. Our larger competitors have substantially broader and more diverse product and services offerings as well as routes to market, which may allow them to leverage their relationships based on other products or incorporate functionality into existing products to gain business in a manner that discourages users from purchasing our platform, including our cloud modules. Conditions in our market could change rapidly and significantly as a result of technological advancements, partnering or acquisitions by our competitors or continuing market consolidation. Some of our current or potential competitors have made or could make acquisitions of businesses or establish cooperative relationships that may allow them to offer more directly competitive and comprehensive solutions than were previously offered and adapt more quickly to new technologies and customer needs. These competitive pressures in our market or our failure to compete effectively may result in price reductions, fewer orders, reduced revenue and gross margins, increased net losses and loss of market share. Further, many competitors that specialize in providing protection from a single type of security threat may be able to deliver these targeted security products to the market quicker than we can or convince organizations that these limited products meet their needs. Even if there is significant demand for cloud-based security solutions like ours, if our competitors include functionality that is, or is perceived to be, equivalent to or better than ours in legacy products that are already generally accepted as necessary components of an organization's IT security architecture, we may have difficulty increasing the market penetration of

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our platform. Furthermore, even if the functionality offered by other security and IT operations providers is different and more limited than the functionality of our platform, organizations may elect to accept such limited functionality in lieu of adding products from additional vendors like us. If we are unable to compete successfully, or if competing successfully requires us to take aggressive pricing or other actions, our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be adversely affected.

Competitive pricing pressure may reduce our gross profits and adversely affect our financial results.

          If we are unable to maintain our pricing due to competitive pressures or other factors, our margins will be reduced and our gross profits, business, results of operations, and financial condition would be adversely affected. The subscription prices for our Falcon platform, cloud modules, and professional services may decline for a variety of reasons, including competitive pricing pressures, discounts, anticipation of the introduction of new solutions by our competitors, or promotional programs offered by us or our competitors. Competition continues to increase in the market segments in which we operate, and we expect competition to further increase in the future. Larger competitors with more diverse product and service offerings may reduce the price of products or subscriptions that compete with ours or may bundle them with other products and subscriptions.

If our solutions fail or are perceived to fail to detect or prevent incidents or have or are perceived to have defects, errors, or vulnerabilities, our brand and reputation would be harmed, which would adversely affect our business and results of operations.

          Real or perceived defects, errors or vulnerabilities in our Falcon platform and cloud modules, the failure of our platform to detect or prevent incidents, including advanced and newly developed attacks, misconfiguration of our solutions, or the failure of customers to take action on attacks identified by our platform could harm our reputation and adversely affect our business, financial position and results of operations. Because our cloud native security platform is complex, it may contain defects or errors that are not detected until after deployment. We cannot assure you that our products will detect all cyberattacks, especially in light of the rapidly changing security threat landscape that our solution seeks to address. Due to a variety of both internal and external factors, including, without limitation, defects or misconfigurations of our solutions, our solutions could become vulnerable to security incidents (both from intentional attacks and accidental causes) that cause them to fail to secure endpoints and detect and block attacks. In addition, because the techniques used by computer hackers to access or sabotage networks and endpoints change frequently and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, there is a risk that an advanced attack could emerge that our cloud native security platform is unable to detect or prevent until after some of our customers are affected. Additionally, our Falcon platform may falsely indicate a cyberattack or threat that does not actually exist, which may lessen customers' trust in our solutions.

          Moreover, as our cloud native security platform is adopted by an increasing number of enterprises and governments, it is possible that the individuals and organizations behind advanced cyberattacks will begin to focus on finding ways to defeat our security platform. If this happens, our systems and subscription customers could be specifically targeted by attackers and could result in vulnerabilities in our platform or undermine the market acceptance of our Falcon platform and could adversely affect our reputation as a provider of security solutions. Because we host customer data on our cloud platform, which in some cases may contain personally-identifiable information or potentially confidential information, a security compromise, or an accidental or intentional misconfiguration or malfunction of our platform could result in personally-identifiable information

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and other customer data being accessible to attackers or to other customers. Further, if a high profile security breach occurs with respect to another next-generation or cloud-based security system, our customers and potential customers may lose trust in cloud solutions generally, and cloud-based security solutions such as ours in particular.

          Organizations are increasingly subject to a wide variety of attacks on their networks, systems, and endpoints. No security solution, including our Falcon platform, can address all possible security threats or block all methods of penetrating a network or otherwise perpetrating a security incident. If any of our customers experiences a successful cyberattack while using our solutions or services, such customer could be disappointed with our Falcon platform, regardless of whether our solutions or services blocked the theft of any of such customer's data or were implicated in failing to block such attack. Similarly, if our solutions detect attacks against a customer but the customer does not address the vulnerability, customers and the public may erroneously believe that our solutions were not effective. Security breaches against customers that use our solutions may result in customers and the public believing that our solutions failed. Our Falcon platform may fail to detect or prevent malware, viruses, worms or similar threats for any number of reasons, including our failure to enhance and expand our Falcon platform to reflect the increasing sophistication of malware, viruses and other threats. Real or perceived security breaches of our customers' networks could cause disruption or damage to their networks or other negative consequences and could result in negative publicity to us, damage to our reputation, and other customer relations issues, and may adversely affect our revenue and results of operations.

As a cybersecurity provider, we have been, and expect to continue to be, a target of cyberattacks. If our internal networks, systems, or data are or are perceived to have been compromised, our reputation may be damaged and our financial results may be negatively affected.

          As a provider of security solutions, our Falcon platform has in the past been, and may in the future be, specifically targeted by bad actors for attacks intended to circumvent our security capabilities or to exploit our Falcon platform as an entry point into customers' endpoints, networks, or systems. In particular, because we have been involved in the identification of organized cybercriminals and nation-state actors, we have been the subject of intense efforts by sophisticated cyber adversaries who seek to compromise our systems. We are also susceptible to inadvertent compromises of our systems and data, including those arising from process, coding, or human errors. A successful attack or other incident that compromises our or our customers' data or results in an interruption of service could have a significant negative effect on our operations, reputation, financial resources, and the value of our intellectual property. We cannot assure you that any of our efforts to manage this risk, including adoption of a comprehensive incident response plan and process for detecting, mitigating, and investigating security incidents that we regularly test through table-top exercises, testing of our security protocols through additional techniques, such as penetration testing, debriefing after security incidents, to improve our security and responses, and regular briefing of our directors and officers on our cybersecurity risks, preparedness, and management, will be effective in protecting us from such attacks.

          It is virtually impossible for us to entirely eliminate the risk of such compromises, interruptions in service, or other security incidents affecting our internal systems or data. Organizations are subject to a wide variety of attacks on their networks, systems, and endpoints, and techniques used to sabotage or to obtain unauthorized access to networks in which data is stored or through which data is transmitted change frequently. Furthermore, employee error or malicious activity could compromise our systems. As a result, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate measures to prevent an intrusion into our networks, which could result in unauthorized access to customer data, intellectual property including access to our source code,

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and information about vulnerabilities in our product, which in turn, could reduce the effectiveness of our solutions, or lead to cyberattacks or other intrusions of our customers' networks, litigation, governmental audits and investigations and significant legal fees, could damage our relationships with our existing customers and could have a negative effect on our ability to attract and retain new customers. We have expended, and anticipate continuing to expend, significant amounts and resources in an effort to prevent security breaches and other security incidents impacting our systems and data. Since our business is focused on providing reliable security services to our customers, we believe that an actual or perceived security incident affecting, our internal systems or data or data of our customers would be especially detrimental to our reputation, customer confidence in our solution, and our business.

          In addition, while we maintain insurance policies that may cover certain liabilities in connection with a cybersecurity incident, we cannot be certain that our insurance coverage will be adequate for liabilities actually incurred, that insurance will continue to be available to us on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, or that any insurer will not deny coverage as to any future claim. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceed available insurance coverage, or the occurrence of changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements, could have a material adverse effect on our business, including our financial condition, results of operation and reputation.

We rely on third-party data centers, such as Amazon Web Services, and our own colocation data centers to host and operate our Falcon platform, and any disruption of or interference with our use of these facilities may negatively affect our ability to maintain the performance and reliability of our Falcon platform which could cause our business to suffer.

          Our customers depend on the continuous availability of our Falcon platform. We currently host our Falcon platform and serve our customers using a mix of third-party data centers, primarily Amazon Web Services, Inc., or AWS, and our data centers, hosted in colocation facilities. Consequently, we may be subject to service disruptions as well as failures to provide adequate support for reasons that are outside of our direct control. We have experienced, and expect that in the future we may experience interruptions, delays and outages in service and availability from time to time due to a variety of factors, including infrastructure changes, human or software errors, website hosting disruptions and capacity constraints.

          The following factors, many of which are beyond our control, can affect the delivery, availability, and the performance of our Falcon platform:

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          The adverse effects of any service interruptions on our reputation, results of operations, and financial condition may be disproportionately heightened due to the nature of our business and the fact that our customers have a low tolerance for interruptions of any duration. Interruptions or failures in our service delivery could result in a cyberattack or other security threat to one of our customers during such periods of interruption or failure. Additionally, interruptions or failures in our service could cause customers to terminate their subscriptions with us, adversely affect our renewal rates, and harm our ability to attract new customers. Our business would also be harmed if our customers believe that a cloud-based SaaS-delivered endpoint security solution is unreliable. While we do not consider them to have been material, we have experienced, and may in the future experience, service interruptions and other performance problems due to a variety of factors. The occurrence of any of these factors, or if we are unable to rapidly and cost-effectively fix such errors or other problems that may be identified, could damage our reputation, negatively affect our relationship with our customers or otherwise harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

If we do not effectively expand and train our direct sales force, we may be unable to add new customers or increase sales to our existing customers, and our business will be adversely affected.

          We depend on our direct sales force to obtain new customers and increase sales with existing customers. Our ability to achieve significant revenue growth will depend, in large part, on our success in recruiting, training and retaining sufficient numbers of sales personnel, particularly in international markets. We have expanded our sales organization significantly in recent periods and expect to continue to add additional sales capabilities in the near term. There is significant competition for sales personnel with the skills and technical knowledge that we require. New hires require significant training and may take significant time before they achieve full productivity, and this delay is accentuated by our long sales cycles. Our recent hires and planned hires may not become productive as quickly as we expect, and we may be unable to hire or retain sufficient numbers of qualified individuals in the markets where we do business or plan to do business. In addition, a large percentage of our sales force is new to our company and selling our solutions, and therefore this team may be less effective than our more seasoned sales personnel. Furthermore, hiring sales personnel in new countries, or expanding our existing presence, requires upfront and ongoing expenditures that we may not recover if the sales personnel fail to achieve full productivity. We cannot predict whether, or to what extent, our sales will increase as we expand our sales force or how long it will take for sales personnel to become productive. If we are unable to hire and train a sufficient number of effective sales personnel, or the sales personnel we hire are not successful in obtaining new customers or increasing sales to our existing customer base, our business and results of operations will be adversely affected.

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Because we recognize revenue from subscriptions to our platform over the term of the subscription, downturns or upturns in new business will not be immediately reflected in our results of operations.

          We generally recognize revenue from customers ratably over the terms of their subscription, which is generally one year. As a result, a substantial portion of the revenue we report in each period is attributable to the recognition of deferred revenue relating to agreements that we entered into during previous periods. Consequently, any increase or decline in new sales or renewals in any one period will not be immediately reflected in our revenue for that period. Any such change, however, would affect our revenue in future periods. Accordingly, the effect of downturns or upturns in new sales and potential changes in our rate of renewals may not be fully reflected in our results of operations until future periods. We may also be unable to timely reduce our cost structure in line with a significant deterioration in sales or renewals that would adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Our results of operations may fluctuate significantly, which could make our future results difficult to predict and could cause our results of operations to fall below expectations.

          Our results of operations may vary significantly from period to period, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our results of operations have varied significantly from period to period, and we expect that our results of operations will continue to vary as a result of a number of factors, many of which are outside of our control and may be difficult to predict, including:

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          In addition, we experience seasonal fluctuations in our financial results as we typically receive a higher percentage of our annual orders from new customers, as well as renewal orders from existing customers, in our fourth fiscal quarter as compared to other quarters due to the annual budget approval process of many of our customers. Any of the above factors, individually or in the aggregate, may result in significant fluctuations in our financial and other results of operations from period to period. As a result of this variability, our historical results of operations should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance. Moreover, this variability and unpredictability could result in our failure to meet our operating plan or the expectations of investors or analysts for any period. If we fail to meet such expectations for these or other reasons, our stock price could fall substantially, and we could face costly lawsuits, including securities class action suits.

Our sales cycles can be long and unpredictable, and our sales efforts require considerable time and expense.

          Our revenue recognition is difficult to predict because of the length and unpredictability of the sales cycle for our Falcon platform, particularly with respect to large organizations and government entities. Customers often view the subscription to our Falcon platform as a significant strategic decision and, as a result, frequently require considerable time to evaluate, test and qualify our Falcon platform prior to entering into or expanding a relationship with us. Large enterprises and government entities in particular often undertake a significant evaluation process that further lengthens our sales cycle.

          Our direct sales team develops relationships with our customers, and works with our channel partners on account penetration, account coordination, sales and overall market development. We spend substantial time and resources on our sales efforts without any assurance that our efforts will produce a sale. Security solution purchases are frequently subject to budget constraints, multiple approvals and unanticipated administrative, processing and other delays. As a result, it is difficult to predict whether and when a sale will be completed. The failure of our efforts to secure sales after investing resources in a lengthy sales process could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

We rely on our key technical, sales and management personnel to grow our business, and the loss of one or more key employees could harm our business.

          Our future success is substantially dependent on our ability to attract, retain, and motivate the members of our management team and other key employees throughout our organization. In particular, we are highly dependent on the services of George Kurtz, our Chief Executive Officer, who is critical to our future vision and strategic direction. We rely on our leadership team in the areas of operations, security, research and development, marketing, sales, support and general and administrative functions. Although we have entered into employment agreements with our key personnel, our employees, including our executive officers, work for us on an "at-will" basis, which means they may terminate their employment with us at any time. If Mr. Kurtz, or one or more of our key employees, or members of our management team resigns or otherwise ceases to provide us with their service, our business could be harmed.

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If we are unable to attract and retain qualified personnel, our business could be harmed.

          There is also significant competition for personnel with the skills and technical knowledge that we require across our technology, cyber, sales, professional services, and administrative support functions. Competition for these personnel in the San Francisco Bay Area, where our headquarters are located, and in other locations where we maintain offices, is intense, especially for experienced sales professionals and for engineers experienced in designing and developing cloud applications and security software. We have from time to time experienced, and we expect to continue to experience, difficulty in hiring and retaining employees with appropriate qualifications. For example, in recent years, recruiting, hiring and retaining employees with expertise in the cybersecurity industry has become increasingly difficult as the demand for cybersecurity professionals has increased as a result of the recent cybersecurity attacks on global corporations and governments. Additionally, our incident response and proactive services team is small and comprised of personnel with highly technical skills and experience, who are in high demand, and who would be difficult to replace. Many of the companies with which we compete for experienced personnel have greater resources than we have. Our competitors also may be successful in recruiting and hiring members of our management team or other key employees, and it may be difficult for us to find suitable replacements on a timely basis, on competitive terms, or at all. We have in the past, and may in the future, be subject to allegations that employees we hire have been improperly solicited, or that they have divulged proprietary or other confidential information or that their former employers own such employees' inventions or other work product, or that they have been hired in violation of non-compete provisions or non-solicitation provisions.

          In addition, job candidates and existing employees often consider the value of the equity awards they receive in connection with their employment. Volatility or lack of performance in our stock price may also affect our ability to attract and retain our key employees. Also, many of our employees have become, or will soon become, vested in a substantial amount of equity awards, which may give them a substantial amount of personal wealth. This may make it more difficult for us to retain and motivate these employees, and this wealth could affect their decision about whether or not they continue to work for us. Any failure to successfully attract, integrate or retain qualified personnel to fulfill our current or future needs could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

If we are not able to maintain and enhance our CrowdStrike and Falcon brand and our reputation as a provider of high-efficacy security solutions, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.

          We believe that maintaining and enhancing our CrowdStrike and Falcon brand and our reputation as a provider of high-efficacy security solutions is critical to our relationship with our existing customers, channel partners, and technology alliance partners and our ability to attract new customers and partners. The successful promotion of our CrowdStrike and Falcon brand will depend on a number of factors, including our marketing efforts, our ability to continue to develop additional cloud modules and features for our Falcon platform, our ability to successfully differentiate our Falcon platform from competitive cloud-based or legacy security solutions and, ultimately, our ability to detect and stop breaches. Although we believe it is important for our growth, our brand promotion activities may not be successful or yield increased revenue.

          In addition, independent industry or financial analysts and research firms often test our solutions and provide reviews of our Falcon platform, as well as the products of our competitors, and perception of our Falcon platform in the marketplace may be significantly influenced by these reviews. If these reviews are negative, or less positive as compared to those of our competitors' products, our brand may be adversely affected. Our solutions may fail to detect or prevent threats in any particular test for a number of reasons that may or may not be related to the efficacy of our

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solutions in real world environments. To the extent potential customers, industry analysts or testing firms believe that the occurrence of a failure to detect or prevent any particular threat is a flaw or indicates that our solutions or services do not provide significant value, we may lose customers, and our reputation, financial condition and business would be harmed. Additionally, the performance of our channel partners and technology alliance partners may affect our brand and reputation if customers do not have a positive experience with these partners. In addition, we have in the past worked, and continue to work, with high profile customers as well as assist in analyzing and remediating high profile cyberattacks. Our work with such customers and cyberattacks may expose us to negative publicity and media coverage. Negative publicity about us, including about the efficacy and reliability of our Falcon platform, our products offerings, our professional services, and the customers we work with, even if inaccurate, could adversely affect our reputation and brand.

If we are unable to maintain successful relationships with our channel partners and technology alliance partners, or if our channel partners or technology alliance partners fail to perform, our ability to market, sell and distribute our Falcon platform will be limited, and our business, financial position and results of operations will be harmed.

          In addition to our direct sales force, we rely on our channel partners to sell and support our Falcon platform. A vast majority of sales of our Falcon platform flow through our channel partners, and we expect this to continue for the foreseeable future. Additionally, we have entered, and intend to continue to enter, into technology alliance partnerships with third parties to support our future growth plans. The loss of a substantial number of our channel partners or technology alliance partners, or the failure to recruit additional partners, could adversely affect our results of operations. Our ability to achieve revenue growth in the future will depend in part on our success in maintaining successful relationships with our channel partners and in training our channel partners to independently sell and deploy our Falcon platform. If we fail to effectively manage our existing sales channels, or if our channel partners are unsuccessful in fulfilling the orders for our solutions, or if we are unable to enter into arrangements with, and retain a sufficient number of, high quality channel partners in each of the regions in which we sell solutions and keep them motivated to sell our products, our ability to sell our products and results of operations will be harmed.

Our business depends, in part, on sales to government organizations, and significant changes in the contracting or fiscal policies of such government organizations could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

          Our future growth depends, in part, on increasing sales to government organizations. Demand from government organizations is often unpredictable, subject to budgetary uncertainty and typically involves long sales cycles. We have made significant investment to address the government sector, but we cannot assure you that these investments will be successful, or that we will be able to maintain or grow our revenue from the government sector. Although we anticipate that they may increase in the future, sales to U.S. federal, state, and local governmental agencies have not accounted for, and may never account for, a significant portion of our revenue. U.S. federal, state and local government sales are subject to a number of challenges and risks that may adversely impact our business. Sales to such government entities include the following risks:

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          The occurrence of any of the foregoing could cause governments and governmental agencies to delay or refrain from purchasing our solutions in the future or otherwise have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

We may not timely and cost-effectively scale and adapt our existing technology to meet our customers' performance and other requirements.

          Our future growth is dependent upon our ability to continue to meet the needs of new customers and the expanding needs of our existing customers as their use of our solutions grow. As our customers gain more experience with our solutions, the number of endpoints and events, the amount of data transferred, processed and stored by us, the number of locations where our platform and services are being accessed, have in the past, and may in the future, expand rapidly. In order to meet the performance and other requirements of our customers, we intend to continue to make significant investments to increase capacity and to develop and implement new technologies in our service and cloud infrastructure operations. These technologies, which include databases, applications and server optimizations, network and hosting strategies, and automation, are often advanced, complex, new and untested. We may not be successful in developing or implementing these technologies. In addition, it takes a significant amount of time to plan, develop and test improvements to our technologies and infrastructure, and we may not be able to accurately forecast demand or predict the results we will realize from such improvements. To the extent that we do not effectively scale our operations to meet the needs of our growing customer base and to maintain performance as our customers expand their use of our solutions, we may not be able to grow as quickly as we anticipate, our customers may reduce or cancel use of our solutions and we may be unable to compete as effectively and our business and results of operations may be harmed.

          Additionally, we have and will continue to make substantial investments to support growth at our data centers and improve the profitability of our cloud platform. For example, because of the importance of AWS' services to our business and AWS' position in the cloud-based server industry, any renegotiation or renewal of our agreement with AWS may be on terms that are significantly less favorable to us than our current agreement. If our cloud-based server costs were to increase, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected. Although we expect that we could receive similar services from other third parties, if any of our arrangements with AWS are terminated, we could experience interruptions on our Falcon platform and in our ability to make our solutions available to customers, as well as delays and additional expenses in

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arranging alternative cloud infrastructure services. Ongoing improvements to cloud infrastructure may be more expensive than we anticipate, and may not yield the expected savings in operating costs or the expected performance benefits. In addition, we may be required to re-invest any cost savings achieved from prior cloud infrastructure improvements in future infrastructure projects to maintain the levels of service required by our customers. We may not be able to maintain or achieve cost savings from our investments, which could harm our financial results.

Certain of our market opportunity estimates and growth forecasts included in this prospectus could prove to be inaccurate, and any real or perceived inaccuracies may harm our reputation and negatively affect our business.

          This prospectus includes our internal estimates of the addressable market for our cloud-based SaaS-delivered endpoint security solution. Market opportunity estimates and growth forecasts, whether obtained from third-party sources or developed internally, are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates that may not prove to be accurate. The estimates and forecasts in this prospectus relating to the size and expected growth of our target markets may prove to be inaccurate. In particular, our estimates regarding our current and projected market opportunity are difficult to predict. In addition, our internal estimates of the addressable market for cloud-based SaaS-delivered endpoint security solutions reflect the opportunity available from all participants and potential participants in the market and we cannot predict with precision our ability to address this demand or the extent of market adoption of our solution. The addressable market we estimate may not materialize for many years, if ever, and even if the markets in which we compete meet the size estimates and growth forecasted in this prospectus, our business could fail to grow at similar rates, if at all. Accordingly, the forecasts of market growth included in this prospectus should not be taken as indicative of our future growth.

The success of our business depends in part on our ability to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights.

          We believe our intellectual property is an essential asset of our business, and our success and ability to compete depend in part upon protection of our intellectual property rights. We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws, as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions, to establish and protect our intellectual property rights in the United States and abroad, all of which provide only limited protection. The efforts we have taken to protect our intellectual property may not be sufficient or effective, and our trademarks, copyrights and patents may be held invalid or unenforceable. Moreover, we cannot assure you that any patents will be issued with respect to our currently pending patent applications in a manner that gives us adequate defensive protection or competitive advantages, or that any patents issued to us will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented. We have filed for patents in the United States and in certain non-U.S. jurisdictions, but such protections may not be available in all countries in which we operate or in which we seek to enforce our intellectual property rights, or may be difficult to enforce in practice. For example, many foreign countries have compulsory licensing laws under which a patent owner must grant licenses to third parties. In addition, many countries limit the enforceability of patents against certain third parties, including government agencies or government contractors. In these countries, patents may provide limited or no benefit. Moreover, we may need to expend additional resources to defend our intellectual property rights in these countries, and our inability to do so could impair our business or adversely affect our international expansion. Our currently issued patents and any patents that may be issued in the future with respect to pending or future patent applications may not provide sufficiently broad protection or they may not prove to be enforceable in actions against alleged infringers.

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          We may not be effective in policing unauthorized use of our intellectual property, and even if we do detect violations, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights. Protecting against the unauthorized use of our intellectual property rights, technology and other proprietary rights is expensive and difficult, particularly outside of the United States. Any enforcement efforts we undertake, including litigation, could be time-consuming and expensive and could divert management's attention, which could harm our business and results of operations. Further, attempts to enforce our rights against third parties could also provoke these third parties to assert their own intellectual property or other rights against us, or result in a holding that invalidates or narrows the scope of our rights, in whole or in part. The inability to adequately protect and enforce our intellectual property and other proprietary rights could seriously harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. Even if we are able to secure our intellectual property rights, we cannot assure you that such rights will provide us with competitive advantages or distinguish our services from those of our competitors or that our competitors will not independently develop similar technology, duplicate any of our technology, or design around our patents.

Claims by others that we infringe their proprietary technology or other intellectual property rights could result in significant costs and substantially harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

          Claims by others that we infringe their proprietary technology or other intellectual property rights could harm our business. A number of companies in our industry hold a large number of patents and also protect their copyright, trade secret and other intellectual property rights, and companies in the networking and security industry frequently enter into litigation based on allegations of patent infringement or other violations of intellectual property rights. As we face increasing competition and grow, the possibility of intellectual property rights claims against us also grows. In addition, to the extent we hire personnel from competitors, we may be subject to allegations that such personnel have divulged proprietary or other confidential information to us. From time to time, third parties have in the past and may in the future assert claims of infringement of intellectual property rights against us. For example, we are currently involved in proceedings before the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office regarding our U.S. trademark registrations for CrowdStrike Falcon and our U.S. application to register our Falcon OverWatch trademark. Fair Isaac Corporation, or FICO, petitioned to cancel our trademark registrations and opposed our application. If the appeal board were to find against us, it would cancel our trademark registrations for CrowdStrike Falcon and reject our application to register Falcon OverWatch. If FICO were to file an infringement action in court and if we do not prevail in that action, we could ultimately be required to change the names of our solutions, which would force us to incur significant marketing expense in establishing an alternative brand to our existing Falcon brand. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in these rebranding efforts.

          Third parties may in the future also assert claims against our customers or channel partners, whom our standard license and other agreements obligate us to indemnify against claims that our solutions infringe the intellectual property rights of third parties. As the number of products and competitors in the security and IT operations market increases and overlaps occur, claims of infringement, misappropriation, and other violations of intellectual property rights may increase. While we intend to increase the size of our patent portfolio, many of our competitors and others may now and in the future have significantly larger and more mature patent portfolios than we have. In addition, future litigation may involve non-practicing entities, companies or other patent owners who have no relevant product offerings or revenue and against whom our own patents may therefore provide little or no deterrence or protection. Any claim of intellectual property infringement by a third party, even a claim without merit, could cause us to incur substantial costs defending against such claim, could distract our management from our business and could require us to cease use of such intellectual property.

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          Additionally, our insurance may not cover intellectual property rights infringement claims that may be made. In the event that we fail to successfully defend ourselves against an infringement claim, a successful claimant could secure a judgment or otherwise require payment of legal fees, settlement payments, ongoing royalties or other costs or damages; or we may agree to a settlement that prevents us from offering certain services or features; or we may be required to obtain a license, which may not be available on reasonable terms, or at all, to use the relevant technology. If we are prevented from using certain technology or intellectual property, we may be required to develop alternative, non-infringing technology, which could require significant time, during which we could be unable to continue to offer our affected services or features, effort and expense and may ultimately not be successful.

          Although third parties may offer a license to their technology or other intellectual property, the terms of any offered license may not be acceptable, and the failure to obtain a license or the costs associated with any license could cause our business, financial condition and results of operations to be adversely affected. In addition, some licenses may be nonexclusive, and therefore our competitors may have access to the same technology licensed to us. If a third party does not offer us a license to its technology or other intellectual property on reasonable terms, or at all, we could be enjoined from continued use of such intellectual property. As a result, we may be required to develop alternative, non-infringing technology, which could require significant time, during which we could be unable to continue to offer our affected products, subscriptions or services, effort, and expense and may ultimately not be successful. Furthermore, a successful claimant could secure a judgment or we may agree to a settlement that prevents us from distributing certain products, providing certain subscriptions or performing certain services or that requires us to pay substantial damages, royalties or other fees. Any of these events could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We license technology from third parties, and our inability to maintain those licenses could harm our business.

          We currently incorporate, and will in the future incorporate, technology that we license from third parties, including software, into our solutions. We cannot be certain that our licensors do not or will not infringe on the intellectual property rights of third parties or that our licensors have or will have sufficient rights to the licensed intellectual property in all jurisdictions in which we may sell our Falcon platform. Some of our agreements with our licensors may be terminated by them for convenience, or otherwise provide for a limited term. If we are unable to continue to license technology because of intellectual property infringement claims brought by third parties against our licensors or against us, or if we are unable to continue our license agreements or enter into new licenses on commercially reasonable terms, our ability to develop and sell solutions and services containing that technology would be limited, and our business could be harmed. Additionally, if we are unable to license technology from third parties, we may be forced to acquire or develop alternative technology, which we may be unable to do in a commercially feasible manner or at all, and may require us to use alternative technology of lower quality or performance standards. This could limit or delay our ability to offer new or competitive solutions and increase our costs. As a result, our margins, market share, and results of operations could be significantly harmed.

If we are not able to satisfy data protection, security, privacy, and other government- and industry-specific requirements or regulations, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be harmed.

          Personal privacy, data protection, information security, telecommunications regulations, and other laws applicable to specific categories of information are significant issues in the United States, Europe and in other jurisdictions where we offer our solutions. The data that we collect, analyze,

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and store is subject to a variety of laws and regulations, including regulation by various government agencies. The U.S. federal government, and various state and foreign governments, have adopted or proposed limitations on the collection, distribution, use, and storage of certain categories of information, such as personally identifiable information of individuals, health information, and other sector-specific types of data, including the Federal Trade Commission, the Electronic Communication Privacy Act, Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, HIPAA, and the Gramm Leach Bliley Act. Laws and regulations outside the United States, and particularly in Europe, often are more restrictive than those in the United States. Such laws and regulations may require companies to implement privacy and security policies, permit customers to access, correct, and delete personal information stored or maintained by such companies, inform individuals of security breaches that affect their personal information, and, in some cases, obtain individuals' consent to use personally identifiable information for certain purposes. In addition, some foreign governments require that any information of certain categories, such as financial or personally identifiable information collected in a country not be disseminated outside of that country. We also may find it necessary or desirable to join industry or other self-regulatory bodies or other information security or data protection-related organizations that require compliance with their rules pertaining to information security and data protection. We also may be bound by additional, more stringent contractual obligations relating to our collection, use and disclosure of personal, financial, and other data.

          We also expect that there will continue to be new proposed laws, regulations, and industry standards concerning privacy, data protection, information security, specific categories of data, electronic, and telecommunications services in the United States, the European Union and other jurisdictions in which we operate or may operate, and we cannot yet determine the impact such future laws, regulations, standards, or perception of their requirements may have on our business. For example, the European Commission recently adopted the European General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, that became fully effective in May 2018, and applies to the processing (which includes the collection and use) of certain personal data. As compared to previously-effective data protection law in the European Union, the GDPR imposes additional obligations and risk upon our business and increases substantially the penalties to which we could be subject in the event of any non-compliance. Administrative fines under the GDPR can amount up to 20 million Euros or four percent of our worldwide annual revenue for the prior fiscal year, whichever is higher. We have incurred substantial expense in complying with the obligations imposed by the GDPR and we may be required to do so in the future, potentially making significant changes in our business operations, which may adversely affect our revenue and our business overall. Additionally, because there have been very few GDPR actions enforced against companies, we are unable to predict how they will be applied to us or our customers. Despite our efforts to attempt to comply with the GDPR, a regulator may determine that we have not done so and subject us to fines and public censure, which could harm our company. Among other requirements, the GDPR regulates transfers of personal data subject to the GDPR to third countries that have not been found to provide adequate protection to such personal data, including the United States. We have undertaken certain efforts to conform transfers of personal data from the European Economic Area, or EEA, to the United States and other jurisdictions based on our understanding of current regulatory obligations and the guidance of data protection authorities. Despite this, we may be unsuccessful in establishing or maintaining conforming means of transferring such data from the EEA, in particular as a result of continued legal and legislative activity within the European Union that has challenged or called into question the legal basis for existing means of data transfers to countries that have not been found to provide adequate protection for personal data.

          The implementation of the GDPR has led other jurisdictions to either amend, or propose legislation to amend their existing data privacy and cybersecurity laws to resemble all or a portion of the requirements of the GDPR (e.g., for purposes of having an adequate level of data protection to facilitate data transfers from the EU) or enact new laws to do the same. Accordingly, the

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challenges we face in the EU will likely also apply to other jurisdictions outside the EU that adopt laws similar in construction to the GDPR or regulatory frameworks of equivalent complexity. For example, on June 28, 2018, California adopted the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018, or CCPA. The CCPA has been characterized as the first "GDPR-like" privacy statute to be enacted in the United States because it contains a number of provisions similar to certain provisions of the GDPR. Because of this, we may need to engage in data mapping to identify any consumer information that we may be collecting from our customers through our Falcon platform. In addition, we will need to ensure that our policies permit our customers to recognize the rights granted to consumers by the CCPA. All of this will need to be done before the effective date of the CCPA on January 1, 2020.

          Evolving and changing definitions of personal data and personal information within the European Union, the United States, and elsewhere, especially relating to classification of IP addresses, machine identification, location data and other information, may limit or inhibit our ability to operate or expand our business, including limiting technology alliance partnerships that may involve the sharing of data. Even the perception of privacy concerns, whether or not valid, may harm our reputation, inhibit adoption of our products by current and future customers, or adversely impact our ability to attract and retain workforce talent. In addition, changes in laws or regulations that adversely affect the use of the internet, including laws impacting net neutrality, could impact our business. We expect that existing laws, regulations and standards may be interpreted in new manners in the future. Future laws, regulations, standards and other obligations, and changes in the interpretation of existing laws, regulations, standards and other obligations could require us to modify our solutions, restrict our business operations, increase our costs and impair our ability to maintain and grow our customer base and increase our revenue.

          Beyond broader data processing regulations affecting our business, the cybersecurity industry may face direct regulation. In 2018, Singapore introduced what is believed to be the world's first cybersecurity licensing requirement, mandating that providers of specific types of incident response services receive a government license before providing such services. License requirements such as these may impose upon CrowdStrike significant organizational costs and high barriers of entry into new markets.

          Although we work to comply with applicable laws and regulations, certain applicable industry standards with which we represent compliance, and our contractual obligations and other legal obligations, those laws, regulations, standards and obligations are evolving and may be modified, interpreted and applied in an inconsistent manner from one jurisdiction to another, and may conflict with one another. In addition, they may conflict with other requirements or legal obligations that apply to our business or the security features and services that our customers expect from our solutions. As such, we cannot assure ongoing compliance with all such laws, regulations, standards and obligations. Any failure or perceived failure by us or our employees, representatives, contractors, channel partners, agents, intermediaries, or other third parties to comply with applicable laws and regulations, or applicable industry standards that we represent compliance with or that may be asserted to apply to us, or to comply with employee, customer, partner, and other data privacy and data security requirements pursuant to contract and our stated notices or policies, could result in enforcement actions against us, including fines, imprisonment of company officials and public censure, claims for damages by customers and other affected individuals, damage to our reputation and loss of goodwill (both in relation to existing customers and prospective customers), any of which could have a material adverse effect on our operations, financial performance and business. Any inability of us or our employees, representatives, contractors, channel partners, agents, intermediaries, or other third parties to adequately address privacy and security concerns, even if unfounded, or comply with applicable laws, regulations, standards and obligations, could result in additional cost and liability to us, damage our reputation, inhibit sales, and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

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Failure to comply with laws and regulations applicable to our business could subject us to fines and penalties and could also cause us to lose customers in the public sector or negatively impact our ability to contract with the public sector.

          Our business is subject to regulation by various federal, state, local and foreign governmental agencies, including agencies responsible for monitoring and enforcing privacy and data protection laws and regulations, employment and labor laws, workplace safety, product safety, environmental laws, consumer protection laws, anti-bribery laws, import and export controls, federal securities laws and tax laws and regulations. In certain jurisdictions, these regulatory requirements may be more stringent than in the United States. Noncompliance by us, our employees, representatives, contractors, channel partners, agents, intermediaries, or other third parties with applicable regulations or requirements could subject us to:

          If any governmental sanctions are imposed, or if we do not prevail in any possible civil or criminal litigation, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected. In addition, responding to any action will likely result in a significant diversion of management's attention and resources and an increase in professional fees. Enforcement actions and sanctions could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

          We endeavor to properly classify employees as exempt versus non-exempt under applicable law. Although there are no pending or threatened material claims or investigations against us asserting that some employees are improperly classified as exempt, the possibility exists that some of our current or former employees could have been incorrectly classified as exempt employees.

          These laws and regulations impose added costs on our business, and failure by us, our employees, representatives, contractors, channel partners, agents, intermediaries, or other third parties to comply with these or other applicable regulations and requirements could lead to claims for damages, penalties, termination of contracts, loss of exclusive rights in our intellectual property and temporary suspension or permanent debarment from government contracting. Any such damages, penalties, disruptions or limitations in our ability to do business with the public sector could result in reduced sales of our products, substantial product inventory write-offs, reputational damage, penalties, and other sanctions, any of which could harm our business, reputation, and results of operations.

We are subject to laws and regulations, including governmental export and import controls, sanctions, and anti-corruption laws, that could impair our ability to compete in our markets and subject us to liability if we are not in full compliance with applicable laws.

          We are subject to laws and regulations, including governmental export controls, that could subject us to liability or impair our ability to compete in our markets. Our products are subject to U.S. export controls, including the U.S. Department of Commerce's Export Administration

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Regulations, and we and our employees, representatives, contractors, agents, intermediaries, and other third parties are also subject to various economic and trade sanctions regulations administered by the U.S. Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control. We incorporate standard encryption algorithms into our products, which, along with the underlying technology, may be exported outside of the U.S. only with the required export authorizations, including by license, license exception or other appropriate government authorizations, which may require the filing of an encryption registration and classification request. Furthermore, U.S. export control laws and economic sanctions prohibit the shipment of certain cloud-based solutions to countries, governments, and persons targeted by U.S. sanctions. We also collect information about cyber threats from open sources, intermediaries, and third parties that we make available to our customers in our threat industry publications. While we have implemented certain procedures to facilitate compliance with applicable laws and regulations in connection with the collection of this information, we cannot assure you that these procedures have been effective or that we, or third parties, many of whom we do not control, have complied with all laws or regulations in this regard. Failure by our employees, representatives, contractors, channel partners, agents, intermediaries, or other third parties to comply with applicable laws and regulations in the collection of this information also could have negative consequences to us, including reputational harm, government investigations and penalties.

          Although we take precautions to prevent our information collection practices and services from being provided in violation of such laws, our information collection practices and services may have been in the past, and could in the future be, provided in violation of such laws. If we or our employees, representatives, contractors, channel partners, agents, intermediaries, or other third parties fail to comply with these laws and regulations, we could be subject to civil or criminal penalties, including the possible loss of export privileges and fines. We may also be adversely affected through reputational harm, loss of access to certain markets, or otherwise. Obtaining the necessary authorizations, including any required license, for a particular transaction may be time-consuming, is not guaranteed and may result in the delay or loss of sales opportunities.

          Various countries regulate the import of certain encryption technology, including through import permit and license requirements, and have enacted laws that could limit our ability to distribute our products or could limit our customers' ability to implement our products in those countries. Changes in our products or changes in export and import regulations may create delays in the introduction of our products into international markets, prevent our customers with international operations from deploying our products globally or, in some cases, prevent the export or import of our products to certain countries, governments or persons altogether. Any change in export or import regulations, economic sanctions or related legislation, shift in the enforcement or scope of existing regulations, or change in the countries, governments, persons or technologies targeted by such regulations, could result in decreased use of our products by, or in our decreased ability to export or sell our products to, existing or potential customers with international operations. Any decreased use of our products or limitation on our ability to export or sell our products would likely adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

          We are also subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, or FCPA, the UK Bribery Act 2010, or Bribery Act, and other anti-corruption, sanctions, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering and similar laws in the United States and other countries in which we conduct activities. Anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws, which have been enforced aggressively and are interpreted broadly, prohibit companies and their employees, agents, intermediaries, and other third parties from promising, authorizing, making or offering improper payments or other benefits to government officials and others in the private sector. We leverage third parties, including intermediaries, agents, and channel partners, to conduct our business in the U.S. and abroad, to sell subscriptions to our Falcon platform and to collect information about cyber threats. We and these third-parties may have

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direct or indirect interactions with officials and employees of government agencies or state-owned or affiliated entities and we may be held liable for the corrupt or other illegal activities of these third-party business partners and intermediaries, our employees, representatives, contractors, channel partners, agents, intermediaries, and other third parties, even if we do not explicitly authorize such activities. While we have policies and procedures to address compliance with FCPA, Bribery Act and other anti-corruption, sanctions, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering and similar laws, we cannot assure you that they will be effective, or that all of our employees, representatives, contractors, channel partners, agents, intermediaries, or other third parties have taken, or will not take actions, in violation of our policies and applicable law, for which we may be ultimately held responsible. As we increase our international sales and business, our risks under these laws may increase. Noncompliance with these laws could subject us to investigations, severe criminal or civil sanctions, settlements, prosecution, loss of export privileges, suspension or debarment from U.S. government contracts, other enforcement actions, disgorgement of profits, significant fines, damages, other civil and criminal penalties or injunctions, whistleblower complaints, adverse media coverage and other consequences. Any investigations, actions or sanctions could harm our reputation, business, results of operations and financial condition.

Some of our technology incorporates "open source" software, which could negatively affect our ability to sell our Falcon platform and subject us to possible litigation.

          Our products and subscriptions contain third-party open source software components, and failure to comply with the terms of the underlying open source software licenses could restrict our ability to sell our products and subscriptions. The use and distribution of open source software may entail greater risks than the use of third-party commercial software, as open source licensors generally do not provide warranties or other contractual protections regarding infringement claims or the quality of the code. Many of the risks associated with use of open source software cannot be eliminated and could negatively affect our business. In addition, the wide availability of source code used in our solutions could expose us to security vulnerabilities.

          Some open source licenses contain requirements that we make available source code for modifications or derivative works we create based upon the type of open source software we use. If we combine our proprietary software with open source software in a certain manner, we could, under certain open source licenses, be required to release the source code of our proprietary software to the public, including authorizing further modification and redistribution, or otherwise be limited in the licensing of our services, each of which could provide an advantage to our competitors or other entrants to the market, create security vulnerabilities in our solutions, require us to re-engineer all or a portion of our Falcon platform, and could reduce or eliminate the value of our services. This would allow our competitors to create similar products with lower development effort and time and ultimately could result in a loss of sales for us.

          The terms of many open source licenses have not been interpreted by U.S. courts, and there is a risk that these licenses could be construed in ways that could impose unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to commercialize products and subscriptions incorporating such software. Moreover, we cannot assure you that our processes for controlling our use of open source software in our products and subscriptions will be effective. From time to time, we may face claims from third parties asserting ownership of, or demanding release of, the open source software or derivative works that we developed using such software (which could include our proprietary source code), or otherwise seeking to enforce the terms of the applicable open source license. These claims could result in litigation. Litigation could be costly for us to defend, have a negative effect on our results of operations and financial condition or require us to devote additional research and development resources to change our solutions. Responding to any infringement or noncompliance claim by an open source vendor, regardless of its validity, discovering certain open

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source software code in our Falcon platform, or a finding that we have breached the terms of an open source software license, could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition, by, among other things:

We provide service level commitments under some of our customer contracts. If we fail to meet these contractual commitments, we could be obligated to provide credits for future service and our business could suffer.

          Certain of our customer agreements contain service level commitments, which contain specifications regarding the availability and performance of our Falcon platform. Any failure of or disruption to our infrastructure could impact the performance of our Falcon platform and the availability of services to customers. If we are unable to meet our stated service level commitments or if we suffer extended periods of poor performance or unavailability of our Falcon platform, we may be contractually obligated to provide affected customers with service credits for future subscriptions, and, in certain cases, refunds. To date, there has not been a material failure to meet our service level commitments, and we do not currently have any material liabilities accrued on our balance sheet for such commitments. Our revenue, other results of operations and financial condition could be harmed if we suffer performance issues or downtime that exceeds the service level commitments under our agreements with our customers.

We may become involved in litigation that may adversely affect us.

          We are regularly subject to claims, suits, and government investigations and other proceedings including patent, product liability, class action, whistleblower, personal injury, property damage, labor and employment, commercial disputes, compliance with laws and regulatory requirements and other matters, and we may become subject to additional types of claims, suits, investigations and proceedings as our business develops. For example, we, along with certain other cybersecurity providers, currently are subject to a civil investigation regarding participation in cybersecurity testing standard-setting and allegations that this standard-setting facilitated a concerted refusal to deal with cybersecurity testing organizations that did not adhere to those standards. While we believe that we have acted in compliance in all material respects with applicable antitrust laws, such investigation, as well as any other claims, suits, and government investigations and proceedings that may be asserted against us in the future are inherently uncertain and their results cannot be predicted with certainty. Regardless of the outcome, any of these types of legal proceedings can have an adverse impact on us because of legal costs and

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diversion of management attention and resources, and could cause us to incur significant expenses or liability, adversely affect our brand recognition, and/or require us to change our business practices. The expense of litigation and the timing of this expense from period to period are difficult to estimate, subject to change and could adversely affect our results of operations. It is possible that a resolution of one or more such proceedings could result in substantial damages, settlement costs, fines and penalties that could adversely affect our business, consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows in a particular period. These proceedings could also result in reputational harm, sanctions, consent decrees, or orders requiring a change in our business practices. Because of the potential risks, expenses and uncertainties of litigation, we may, from time to time, settle disputes, even where we have meritorious claims or defenses, by agreeing to settlement agreements. Because litigation is inherently unpredictable, we cannot assure you that the results of any of these actions will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. Any of these consequences could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Our ability to maintain customer satisfaction depends in part on the quality of our customer support.

          Once our Falcon platform is deployed within our customers' networks, our customers depend on our customer support services to resolve any issues relating to the implementation and maintenance of our Falcon platform. If we do not provide effective ongoing support, our ability to sell additional modules as part of our Falcon platform to existing customers would be adversely affected and our reputation with potential customers could be damaged. Many larger organizations have more complex networks and require higher levels of support than smaller customers and we offer premium services for these customers. Failure to maintain high-quality customer support could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We may need to raise additional capital to expand our operations and invest in new solutions, which capital may not be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all, and which could reduce our ability to compete and could harm our business.

          We expect that our existing cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for working capital and capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months. Retaining or expanding our current levels of personnel and products offerings may require additional funds to respond to business challenges, including the need to develop new products and enhancements to our Falcon platform, improve our operating infrastructure, or acquire complementary businesses and technologies. Our failure to raise additional capital or generate the significant capital necessary to expand our operations and invest in new products could reduce our ability to compete and could harm our business. Accordingly, we may need to engage in additional equity or debt financings to secure additional funds. If we raise additional equity financing, our stockholders may experience significant dilution of their ownership interests and the market price of our Class A common stock could decline. If we engage in debt financing, the holders of debt would have priority over the holders of our Class A common stock, and we may be required to accept terms that restrict our operations or our ability to incur additional indebtedness or to take other actions that would otherwise be in the interests of the debt holders. Any of the above could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

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Our business is subject to the risks of warranty claims, product returns, product liability, and product defects from real or perceived defects in our solutions or their misuse by our customers or third parties and indemnity provisions in various agreements potentially expose us to substantial liability for intellectual property infringement and other losses.

          We may be subject to liability claims for damages related to errors or defects in our solutions. A material liability claim or other occurrence that harms our reputation or decreases market acceptance of our products may harm our business and results of operations. Although we generally have limitation of liability provisions in our terms and conditions of sale, these provisions do not cover our indemnification obligations as described in the section titled "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Indemnification" and they may not fully or effectively protect us from claims as a result of federal, state, or local laws or ordinances, or unfavorable judicial decisions in the United States or other countries. The sale and support of our products also entails the risk of product liability claims.

          Additionally, our agreements with customers and other third parties typically include indemnification or other provisions under which we agree to indemnify or otherwise be liable to them for losses suffered or incurred as a result of claims regarding intellectual property infringement, breach of agreement, including confidentiality, privacy and security obligations, violation of applicable laws, damages caused by failures of our solutions or to property or persons, or other liabilities relating to or arising from our products and services, or other acts or omissions. These contractual provisions often survive termination or expiration of the applicable agreement. We have not to date received any indemnification claims from third parties. However, as we continue to grow, the possibility of these claims against us will increase.

          If our customers or other third parties we do business with make intellectual property rights or other indemnification claims against us, we will incur significant legal expenses and may have to pay damages, license fees, and/or stop using technology found to be in violation of the third party's rights. We may also have to seek a license for the technology. Such license may not be available on reasonable terms, if at all, and may significantly increase our operating expenses or may require us to restrict our business activities and limit our ability to deliver certain solutions or features. We may also be required to develop alternative non-infringing technology, which could require significant effort and expense and/or cause us to alter our products and services, which could harm our business. Large indemnity obligations, whether for intellectual property or other claims, could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

          Additionally, our Falcon platform may be used by our customers and other third parties who obtain access to our solutions for purposes other than for which our platform was intended. For example, our Falcon platform might be misused by a customer to monitor its employee's activities in a manner that violates the employee's privacy rights under applicable law.

          During the course of performing certain solution-related services and our professional services, our teams may have significant access to our customers' networks. We cannot be sure that a disgruntled employee may not take advantage of such access which may make our customers vulnerable to malicious activity by such employee. Any such misuse of our Falcon platform could result in negative press coverage and negatively affect our reputation, which could result in harm to our business, reputation, and results of operations.

          We maintain insurance to protect against certain claims associated with the use of our products, but our insurance coverage may not adequately cover any claim asserted against us. In addition, even claims that ultimately are unsuccessful could result in our expenditure of funds in litigation, divert management's time and other resources, and harm our business and reputation. We offer our customers a limited warranty, subject to certain conditions, with our Falcon Complete cloud module and our potential liability under this warranty is provided by our insurance carrier to

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us. Any failure or refusal of our insurance providers to provide the expected insurance benefits to us after we have paid the warranty claims would cause us to incur significant expense or cause us to cease offering this warranty which could damage our reputation, cause us to lose customers, expose us to liability claims by our customers, negatively impact our sales and marketing efforts, and have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our credit agreement contains restrictive covenants that limit our ability to borrow more money, to make distributions to our stockholders, and to engage in certain other activities, as well as financial covenants that may limit our operating flexibility.

          Our existing credit agreement contains a number of covenants that limit our ability and our subsidiaries' ability to, among other things, transfer or dispose of assets, pay dividends or make distributions, incur additional indebtedness, create liens, make investments, loans and acquisitions, engage in transactions with affiliates, merge or consolidate with other companies, or sell substantially all of our assets. Our credit agreement is guaranteed by us and certain of our subsidiaries and secured by substantially all of the assets of the borrower subsidiary, us, and the guarantor subsidiaries. The terms of our credit agreement may restrict our current and future operations and could adversely affect our ability to finance our future operations or capital needs or to execute preferred business strategies. In addition, complying with these covenants may make it more difficult for us to successfully execute our business strategy and compete against companies who are not subject to such restrictions. Additionally, our credit agreement includes financial covenants that require us to maintain minimum growth rates of our recurring subscription revenue, and to maintain minimum liquidity at specified levels. We may not be able to generate sufficient cash flow or sales to meet the financial covenants or pay the principal or interest under the credit facility.

          If we are unable to comply with our payment requirements, our lender may accelerate our obligations under our credit agreement and foreclose upon the collateral, or we may be forced to sell assets, restructure our indebtedness or seek additional equity capital, which would dilute our stockholders' interests. If we fail to comply with any covenant it could result in an event of default under the agreement and our lender could make the entire debt immediately due and payable. If this occurs, we might not be able to repay our debt or borrow sufficient funds to refinance it. Even if new financing is available, it may not be on terms that are acceptable to us.

The requirements of being a public company may strain our resources, divert managements' attention, and if we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements or comply with applicable regulations could be impaired.

          As a public company, we will be subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the rules and regulations of Nasdaq. We expect that the requirements of these rules and regulations will increase our legal, accounting and financial compliance costs; make some activities more difficult, time-consuming and costly, and place significant strain on our personnel, systems and resources. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. We are continuing to develop and refine our disclosure controls, internal control over financial reporting and other procedures that are designed to ensure information required to be disclosed by us in our financial statements and in the reports that we will file with the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and information required to be disclosed in reports under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our principal executive and financial officers.

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          Our current controls and any new controls we develop may become inadequate because of changes in conditions in our business. Further, weaknesses in our internal controls may be discovered in the future. Any failure to develop or maintain effective controls, or any difficulties encountered in their implementation or improvement, could harm our results of operations, may result in a restatement of our financial statements for prior periods, cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations, and could adversely affect the results of periodic management evaluations and annual independent registered public accounting firm attestation reports regarding the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting that we are required to include in the periodic reports we will file with the SEC. Ineffective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial and other information, which would likely have a negative effect on the market price of our Class A common stock. We are not currently required to comply with the SEC rules that implement Sections 302 and 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and we are therefore not required to make a formal assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting for that purpose. Upon becoming a public company, we will be required to comply with certain of these rules, which will require management to certify financial and other information in our quarterly and annual reports and provide an annual management report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting commencing with our second Annual Report on Form 10-K. In order to improve our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting to meet this standard, significant resources and management oversight may be required. As a result, management's attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

          Our independent registered public accounting firm is not required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting until after we are no longer an emerging growth company. At such time, our independent registered public accounting firm may issue a report that is adverse in the event it is not satisfied with the level at which our controls are documented, designed or operating. Any failure to maintain effective disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting could have a material and adverse effect on our business and results of operations and could cause a decline in the price of our stock.

Future acquisitions, strategic investments, partnerships, or alliances could be difficult to identify and integrate, divert the attention of key management personnel, disrupt our business, dilute stockholder value and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

          As part of our business strategy, we have in the past and are likely to continue to make investments in and/or acquire complementary companies, services or technologies, such as our acquisition of Payload Security, UG. Our ability as an organization to acquire and integrate other companies, services or technologies in a successful manner in the future is not guaranteed. We may not be able to find suitable acquisition candidates, and we may not be able to complete such acquisitions on favorable terms, if at all. If we do complete acquisitions, we may not ultimately strengthen our competitive position or ability to achieve our business objectives, and any acquisitions we complete could be viewed negatively by our end-customers or investors. In addition, if we are unsuccessful at integrating such acquisitions, or the technologies associated with such acquisitions, into our company, the revenue and results of operations of the combined company could be adversely affected. Any integration process may require significant time and resources, and we may not be able to manage the process successfully. We may not successfully evaluate or utilize the acquired technology or personnel, or accurately forecast the financial impact of an acquisition transaction, including accounting charges. We may have to pay cash, incur debt or issue equity securities to pay for any such acquisition, each of which could adversely affect our financial condition and the market price of our Class A common stock. The sale of equity or issuance of debt to finance any such acquisitions could result in dilution to our stockholders. The

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incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased fixed obligations and could also include covenants or other restrictions that would impede our ability to manage our operations.

          Additional risks we may face in connection with acquisitions include:

Our failure to address these risks or other problems encountered in connection with acquisitions and investments could cause us to fail to realize the anticipated benefits of these acquisitions or investments, cause us to incur unanticipated liabilities, and harm our business generally.

If we cannot maintain our company culture as we grow, we could lose the innovation, teamwork, passion, and focus on execution that we believe contribute to our success and our business may be harmed.

          We believe that our corporate culture has been a contributor to our success, which we believe fosters innovation, teamwork, passion and focus on building and marketing our Falcon platform. As we grow and develop the infrastructure of a public company, we may find it difficult to maintain our corporate culture. Any failure to preserve our culture could harm our future success, including our ability to retain and recruit personnel, innovate and operate effectively and execute on our business strategy. Additionally, our productivity and the quality of our solutions may be adversely affected if we do not integrate and train our new employees quickly and effectively. If we experience any of these effects in connection with future growth, it could impair our ability to attract new customers, retain existing customers and expand their use of our Falcon platform, all of which would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Our international operations and plans for future international expansion expose us to significant risks, and failure to manage those risks could adversely impact our business.

          We derived 13%, 16%, and 23% of our total revenue from our international customers for fiscal 2017, fiscal 2018, and fiscal 2019, respectively. We are continuing to adapt to and develop strategies to address international markets and our growth strategy includes expansion into target geographies, but there is no guarantee that such efforts will be successful. We expect that our international activities will continue to grow in the future, as we continue to pursue opportunities in international markets. These international operations will require significant management attention and financial resources and are subject to substantial risks, including:

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          Additionally, all of our sales contracts are currently denominated in U.S. dollars. However, a strengthening of the U.S. dollar could increase the cost of our solutions to our international customers, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations. In addition, an increasing portion of our operating expenses is incurred outside the United States, is denominated in foreign currencies, such as the British Pound, Indian Rupee, and Euro, and is subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. If we become more exposed to currency fluctuations and are not able to successfully hedge against the risks associated with currency fluctuations, our results of operations could be adversely affected.

          As we continue to develop and grow our business globally, our success will depend in large part on our ability to anticipate and effectively manage these risks. The expansion of our existing international operations and entry into additional international markets will require significant management attention and financial resources. Our failure to successfully manage our international operations and the associated risks could limit the future growth of our business.

The requirements of being a public company may strain our resources and divert management's attention.

          As a public company, we will be subject to the reporting and corporate governance requirements of the Exchange Act, the listing requirements of Nasdaq and other applicable securities rules and regulations, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. Compliance with these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming, or costly and increase demand on our systems and resources, particularly after we are no longer an "emerging growth company" as defined in the JOBS Act. Among other things, the Exchange Act requires that we file annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to our business and results of operations and maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. In order to improve our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting to meet this standard, significant resources and management oversight may be required. As a result, management's attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

U.S. federal income tax reform could adversely affect us.

          In December 2017, the United States adopted new tax law legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, or the Tax Act, which significantly reforms the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Internal Revenue Code. The Tax Act, among other things, includes changes to U.S. federal tax rates, imposes significant additional limitations on the deductibility of interest and the use of net operating losses generated in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, allows for the expensing of certain capital expenditures, and puts into effect the migration from a "worldwide" system of taxation to a territorial system. Further changes to U.S. tax laws, including limitations on the ability of taxpayers to claim and utilize foreign tax credits, as well as changes to U.S. tax laws that may be enacted in the future, could impact the tax treatment of our foreign earnings. Due to expansion of our international business activities, any changes in the U.S. taxation of such activities may increase our worldwide effective tax rate and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. The enactment of legislation implementing changes in the U.S. taxation of international business activities or the adoption of other tax reform policies could adversely impact our financial position and results of operations.

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          The Tax Act did not have a material impact on our financial statements for fiscal 2019, other than disclosures in our year-end financial statements.

Our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes may be limited.

          As of January 31, 2019, we had aggregate U.S. federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of $376.0 million and $287.8 million, respectively, which may be available to offset future taxable income for income tax purposes. If not utilized, the federal net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in 2031, and the state net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in 2021. As of January 31, 2019, we had federal and California research and development credit carryforwards of $7.4 million and $3.7 million, respectively. The federal research and development credit carryforwards begin to expire in 2031, and the California carryforwards are carried forward indefinitely. Realization of these net operating loss and research and development credit carryforwards depends on future income, and there is a risk that our existing carryforwards could expire unused and be unavailable to offset future income tax liabilities, which could adversely affect our results of operations.

          In addition, under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code, if a corporation undergoes an "ownership change," generally defined as a greater than 50% change (by value) in ownership by "5 percent shareholders" over a rolling three-year period, the corporation's ability to use its pre-change net operating loss carryovers and other pre-change tax attributes, such as research and development credits, to offset its post-change income or taxes may be limited. We do not expect to experience an ownership change in connection with this offering, although we may experience an ownership changes in the future as a result of shifts in our stock ownership. As a result, if we earn net taxable income, our ability to use our pre-change net operating loss carryforwards to offset U.S. federal taxable income may be subject to limitations, which could potentially result in increased future tax liability to us.

Taxing authorities may successfully assert that we should have collected or in the future should collect sales and use, value added or similar taxes, and we could be subject to liability with respect to past or future sales, which could adversely affect our results of operations.

          We do not collect sales and use, value added or similar taxes in all jurisdictions in which we have sales because we have been advised that such taxes are not applicable to our services in certain jurisdictions. Sales and use, value added and similar tax laws and rates vary greatly by jurisdiction. Certain jurisdictions in which we do not collect such taxes may assert that such taxes are applicable, which could result in tax assessments, penalties and interest, to us or our customers for the past amounts, and we may be required to collect such taxes in the future. If we are unsuccessful in collecting such taxes from our customers, we could be held liable for such costs, which may adversely affect our results of operations.

Our corporate structure and intercompany arrangements are subject to the tax laws of various jurisdictions, and we could be obligated to pay additional taxes, which would harm our results of operations.

          We are expanding our international operations and staff to support our business in international markets. We generally conduct our international operations through wholly-owned subsidiaries and are or may be required to report our taxable income in various jurisdictions worldwide based upon our business operations in those jurisdictions. Our intercompany relationships are subject to complex transfer pricing regulations administered by taxing authorities in various jurisdictions. The amount of taxes we pay in different jurisdictions may depend on the application of the tax laws of the various jurisdictions, including the United States, to our

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international business activities, changes in tax rates, new or revised tax laws or interpretations of existing tax laws and policies, and our ability to operate our business in a manner consistent with our corporate structure and intercompany arrangements. The relevant taxing authorities may disagree with our determinations as to the income and expenses attributable to specific jurisdictions. If such a disagreement were to occur, and our position was not sustained, we could be required to pay additional taxes, interest and penalties, which could result in one-time tax charges, higher effective tax rates, reduced cash flows and lower overall profitability of our operations.

          We are subject to federal, state, and local income, sales, and other taxes in the United States and income, withholding, transaction, and other taxes in numerous foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in evaluating our tax positions and our worldwide provision for taxes. During the ordinary course of business, there are many activities and transactions for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. In addition, our tax obligations and effective tax rates could be adversely affected by changes in the relevant tax, accounting and other laws, regulations, principles and interpretations, including those relating to income tax nexus, by recognizing tax losses or lower than anticipated earnings in jurisdictions where we have lower statutory rates and higher than anticipated earnings in jurisdictions where we have higher statutory rates, by changes in foreign currency exchange rates, or by changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities. We may be audited in various jurisdictions, and such jurisdictions may assess additional taxes, sales taxes and value added taxes against us. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, the final determination of any tax audits or litigation could be materially different from our historical tax provisions and accruals, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations or cash flows in the period or periods for which a determination is made.

Our reported financial results may be affected by changes in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, such as the adoption of ASC 606, and difficulties in implementing these changes could cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations, which could result in regulatory discipline and harm investors' confidence in us.

          Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or U.S. GAAP, are subject to interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, the SEC, and various bodies formed to promulgate and interpret appropriate accounting principles. A change in these principles or interpretations could have a significant effect on our reported financial results, and could affect the reporting of transactions completed before the announcement of a change. In particular, in May 2014, the FASB issued ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASC 605, Revenue Recognition. The core principle of ASC 606 is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. As an "emerging growth company," we are allowed under the JOBS Act to delay adoption of new or revised accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements are made applicable to private companies. We have elected to take advantage of this extended transition period under the JOBS Act, which resulted in ASC 606 becoming effective for us beginning on February 1, 2019. We plan to adopt using the modified retrospective transition method. Any difficulties in implementing these pronouncements could cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations, which could result in regulatory discipline and harm investors' confidence in us.

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If our estimates or judgments relating to our critical accounting policies prove to be incorrect or financial reporting standards or interpretations change, our results of operations could be adversely affected.

          The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, as discussed in the section titled "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations." The results of these estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets, liabilities and equity, and the amount of revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Significant assumptions and estimates used in preparing our consolidated financial statements include those related to revenue recognition; allowance for doubtful accounts; valuation of common stock and redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants; carrying value and useful lives of long-lived assets; loss contingencies; and the provision for income taxes and related deferred taxes. Our results of operations may be adversely affected if our assumptions change or if actual circumstances differ from those in our assumptions, which could cause our results of operations to fall below the expectations of industry or financial analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in the market price of our Class A common stock.

          Additionally, we regularly monitor our compliance with applicable financial reporting standards and review new pronouncements and drafts thereof that are relevant to us. As a result of new standards, changes to existing standards and changes in their interpretation, we might be required to change our accounting policies, alter our operational policies and implement new or enhance existing systems so that they reflect new or amended financial reporting standards, or we may be required to restate our published financial statements. Such changes to existing standards or changes in their interpretation may have an adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial position and profit, or cause an adverse deviation from our revenue and operating profit target, which may negatively impact our financial results.

Our business is subject to the risks of earthquakes, fire, floods, and other natural catastrophic events, and to interruption by man-made problems such as power disruptions, computer viruses, data security breaches or terrorism.

          Our corporate headquarters are located in the San Francisco Bay Area, a region known for seismic activity. A significant natural disaster, such as an earthquake, a fire, a flood, or significant power outage could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Natural disasters could affect our personnel, data centers, supply chain, manufacturing vendors, or logistics providers' ability to provide materials and perform services such as manufacturing products or assisting with shipments on a timely basis. In addition, climate change could result in an increase in the frequency or severity of natural disasters. In the event that our or our service providers' information technology systems or manufacturing or logistics abilities are hindered by any of the events discussed above, shipments could be delayed, resulting in missed financial targets, such as revenue and shipment targets, for a particular quarter. In addition, computer malware, viruses and computer hacking, fraudulent use attempts and phishing attacks have become more prevalent in our industry, and our internal systems may be victimized by such attacks. Although we maintain incident management and disaster response plans, in the event of a major disruption caused by a natural disaster or man-made problem, we may be unable to continue our operations and may endure system interruptions, reputational harm, delays in our development activities, lengthy interruptions in service, breaches of data security and loss of critical data, and our insurance may not cover such events or may be insufficient to compensate us for the potentially significant losses we may incur. Acts of terrorism and other geo-political unrest could also cause

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disruptions in our business or the business of our supply chain, manufacturers, logistics providers, partners, or customers or the economy as a whole. Any disruption in the business of our supply chain, manufacturers, logistics providers, partners or end-customers that impacts sales at the end of a fiscal quarter could have a significant adverse impact on our financial results. All of the aforementioned risks may be further increased if the disaster recovery plans for us and our suppliers prove to be inadequate. To the extent that any of the above should result in delays or cancellations of customer orders, or the delay in the manufacture, deployment or shipment of our products, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be adversely affected.


Risks Related to the Offering and Ownership of Our Class A Common Stock

The market price of our Class A common stock may be volatile, and you could lose all or part of your investment.

          We cannot predict the prices at which our Class A common stock will trade. The initial public offering price of our Class A common stock will be determined by negotiations between us and the underwriters and may not bear any relationship to the market price at which our Class A common stock will trade after this offering or to any other established criteria of the value of our business and prospects and the market price of our Class A common stock following this offering may fluctuate substantially and may be lower than the initial public offering price. The market price of our Class A common stock following this offering will depend on a number of factors, including those described in this "Risk Factors" section, many of which are beyond our control and may not be related to our operating performance. In addition, the limited public float of our Class A common stock following this offering will tend to increase the volatility of the trading price of our Class A common stock. These fluctuations could cause you to lose all or part of your investment in our Class A common stock, since you might not be able to sell your shares at or above the price you paid in this offering. Factors that could cause fluctuations in the market price of our Class A common stock include the following:

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          In addition, the stock market in general, and the market for technology companies in particular, has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. Broad market and industry factors may seriously affect the market price of our Class A common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. In addition, in the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market prices of a particular company's securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against that company. Securities litigation, if instituted against us, could result in substantial costs and divert our management's attention and resources from our business. This could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

No public market for our Class A common stock currently exists, and an active public trading market may not develop or be sustained following this offering.

          Prior to this offering, there has been no public market or active private market for our Class A common stock. We have applied to list our Class A common stock on The Nasdaq Global Select Market; however, an active trading market may not develop following the completion of this offering or, if developed, may not be sustained. The lack of an active market may impair your ability to sell your shares at the time you wish to sell them or at a price that you consider reasonable. The lack of an active market may also reduce the market price of your shares of Class A common stock. An inactive market may also impair our ability to raise capital by selling shares and may impair our ability to acquire other companies or technologies by using our shares as consideration.

Sales of substantial amounts of our Class A common stock in the public markets, or the perception that they might occur, could reduce the price that our Class A common stock might otherwise attain and may dilute your voting power and your ownership interest in us.

          Sales of a substantial number of shares of our Class A common stock in the public market after this offering, particularly sales by our directors, executive officers and significant stockholders, or the perception that these sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price of our Class A common stock and may make it more difficult for you to sell your Class A common stock at a time and price that you deem appropriate. Based on the total number of shares outstanding as of January 31, 2019, upon completion of this offering, we will have 18,000,000 shares of Class A common stock outstanding and 178,688,971 shares of Class B common stock outstanding, assuming no exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock and no exercise of outstanding options or warrants or settlement of RSUs and after

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giving effect to the conversion of all outstanding shares of our redeemable convertible preferred stock into shares of Class B common stock immediately upon the closing of this offering.

          All of the shares of Class A common stock sold in this offering will be freely tradable without restrictions or further registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, except for any shares held by our affiliates as defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act.

          Subject to certain exceptions, we, all of our directors and executive officers and record holders of substantially all of our securities outstanding immediately prior to this offering, are subject to market stand-off agreements or have agreed not to offer, sell or agree to sell, directly or indirectly, any shares of capital stock without the permission of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC on behalf of the underwriters, for a period of 180 days from the date of this prospectus. However, such period may be shortened in certain circumstances to as few as 120 days from the date of this prospectus. See the section titled "Underwriting." When the lock-up period expires, we and our securityholders subject to a lock-up agreement or market stand-off agreement will be able to sell our shares in the public market. In addition, Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC may, in its sole discretion, release all or some portion of the shares subject to lock-up agreements prior to the expiration of the lock-up period. See the section titled "Shares Eligible for Future Sale" for more information. Sales of a substantial number of such shares upon expiration of the lock-up and market stand-off agreements, or the perception that such sales may occur, or early release of these agreements, could cause our market price to fall or make it more difficult for you to sell your Class A common stock at a time and price that you deem appropriate.

          In addition, following this offering, holders of an aggregate of up to 163,916,832 shares of our Class B common stock will be entitled to rights with respect to registration of these shares under the Securities Act pursuant to our amended and restated registration rights agreement, or RRA. If these holders of our Class B common stock, by exercising their registration rights, sell a large number of shares, they could adversely affect the market price for our Class A common stock. We also intend to register the offer and sale of all shares of Class A common stock that we may issue under our equity compensation plans.

          An aggregate of approximately 6.1 million shares of our Class B common stock that are beneficially owned by George Kurtz, our President and Chief Executive Officer and a member of our board of directors, and Burt Podbere, our Chief Financial Officer, are pledged to secure obligations of Mr. Kurtz and Mr. Podbere under certain loan agreements with Goldman Sachs Bank USA, an affiliate of one of the underwriters in this offering. In the case of nonpayment at maturity or another event of default (including but not limited to the borrower's inability to satisfy a margin call, which may be instituted by the lender following certain declines in our stock price), Goldman Sachs Bank USA or any transferee (in the event that Goldman Sachs Bank USA had assigned or otherwise transferred its rights under the pledge to a non-affiliate) may exercise its rights under the applicable loan agreement to foreclose on and sell shares pledged to cover the amount due under the loan, provided that no sales of the pledged shares may be made to third parties until after 180 days after the date of this prospectus by Goldman Sachs Bank USA or after 120 days after the date of this prospectus by any transferee unaffiliated with Goldman Sachs Bank USA. Any transfers or sales of such pledged shares may cause the price of our Class A common stock to decline. See "Underwriting—Other Relationships" for more information.

          We may also issue our shares of Class A common stock or securities convertible into shares of our Class A common stock from time to time in connection with a financing, acquisition, investments or otherwise. Any such issuance could result in substantial dilution to our existing stockholders and cause the market price of our Class A common stock to decline.

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If industry or financial analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they issue inaccurate or unfavorable research regarding our Class A common stock, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

          The trading market for our Class A common stock will be influenced by the research and reports that industry or financial analysts publish about us or our business. We do not control these analysts or the content and opinions included in their reports. As a new public company, we may be slow to attract research coverage and the analysts who publish information about our Class A common stock will have had relatively little experience with our company, which could affect their ability to accurately forecast our results and make it more likely that we fail to meet their estimates. In the event we obtain industry or financial analyst coverage, if any of the analysts who cover us issues an inaccurate or unfavorable opinion regarding our stock price, our stock price would likely decline. In addition, the stock prices of many companies in the technology industry have declined significantly after those companies have failed to meet, or significantly exceed, the financial guidance publicly announced by the companies or the expectations of analysts. If our financial results fail to meet, or significantly exceed, our announced guidance or the expectations of analysts or public investors, analysts could downgrade our Class A common stock or publish unfavorable research about us. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, our visibility in the financial markets could decrease, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.

The dual class structure of our common stock has the effect of concentrating voting control with those stockholders who held our capital stock (or options or other securities convertible into or exercisable for our capital stock) prior to the completion of this offering, including our executive officers, employees, directors, current principal stockholders, and their affiliates, which will limit your ability to influence the outcome of matters submitted to our stockholders for approval.

          Our Class B common stock has 10 votes per share, and our Class A common stock, which is the stock we are offering in this initial public offering, has one vote per share. The dual class structure of our common stock has the effect of concentrating voting control with those stockholders who held our capital stock (or options or other securities convertible into or exercisable for our capital stock) prior to the completion of this offering, including our executive officers, employees, directors, current principal stockholders, and their affiliates, which will limit your ability to influence the outcome of matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including the election of our directors and the approval of any change in control transaction. Future transfers by holders of Class B common stock will generally result in those shares converting to Class A common stock, which will have the effect, over time, of increasing the relative voting power of those holders of Class B common stock who retain their shares in the long term.

          Upon the completion of this offering, our executive officers, directors, each of our stockholders that currently owns more than five percent of our outstanding capital stock, and their respective affiliates will hold, in aggregate, 75% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock, without giving effect to any purchases that these holders may make through our directed share program. Furthermore, three of our current stockholders and their affiliates will hold, in aggregate, 62% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock. For more information, see "Principal Stockholders." As a result, these stockholders, acting together, will have control over most matters that require approval by our stockholders, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions. They may also have interests that differ from yours and may vote in a way with which you disagree and which may be adverse to your interests. Corporate action might be taken even if other stockholders, including those who purchase shares in this offering, oppose them. This concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a

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change of control or other liquidity event of our company, could deprive our stockholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares of common stock as part of a sale or other liquidity event and might ultimately affect the market price of our common stock.

          Further, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the doctrine of "corporate opportunity" will not apply to Accel and Warburg Pincus, or their respective affiliates, in a manner that would prohibit them from investing in competing businesses or doing business with our partners or customers.

Shares of our common stock are subordinate to our debts and other liabilities, resulting in a greater risk of loss for stockholders.

          Shares of our common stock are subordinate in right of payment to all of our current and future debt. We cannot assure that there would be any remaining funds after the payment of all of our debts for any distribution to our common stockholders.

We have broad discretion to determine how to use the funds raised in this offering, and we may use them in ways that may not enhance our results of operations or the price of our Class A common stock.

          The principal purposes of this offering are to increase our capitalization and financial flexibility, to create a public market for our stock and thereby enable access to the public equity markets for our employees and stockholders, to obtain additional capital and to increase our visibility in the marketplace. We currently intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes, including for any of the purposes described in the section titled "Use of Proceeds." However, we do not currently have any specific or preliminary plans for the net proceeds from this offering and will have broad discretion in how we use the net proceeds of this offering. We could spend the proceeds from this offering in ways that our stockholders may not agree with or that do not yield a favorable return. You will not have the opportunity as part of your investment decision to assess whether the net proceeds are being used appropriately. Investors in this offering will need to rely upon the judgment of our management with respect to the use of proceeds. If we do not use the net proceeds that we receive in this offering effectively, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be harmed, and the market price of our Class A common stock could decline.

We do not intend to pay dividends in the foreseeable future. As a result, your ability to achieve a return on your investment will depend on appreciation in the price of our Class A common stock.

          We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings for use in the operation of our business and do not anticipate paying any dividends in the foreseeable future. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our board of directors. Additionally, our ability to pay dividends is limited by restrictions on our ability to pay dividends or make distributions under the terms of our credit facility. Accordingly, investors must rely on sales of their Class A common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investments.

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We are an "emerging growth company" and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our Class A common stock less attractive to investors.

          For so long as we remain an "emerging growth company" as defined in the JOBS Act, we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various requirements that are applicable to public companies that are not "emerging growth companies," including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We may take advantage of these exemptions until we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company upon the earliest to occur of: (i) the first fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of our initial public offering; (ii) the first fiscal year after our annual gross revenue is $1.07 billion or more; (iii) the date on which we have, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities; or (iv) as of the end of any fiscal year in which the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeded $700.0 million as of the end of the second quarter of that fiscal year. Further, pursuant to Section 107 of the JOBS Act, as an emerging growth company, we have elected to take advantage of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. As a result, our results of operations and financial statements may not be comparable to the results of operations and financial statements of other companies who have adopted the new or revised accounting standards. We cannot predict if investors will find our Class A common stock less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our Class A common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our Class A common stock and our stock price may be more volatile.

Because the initial public offering price of our Class A common stock will be substantially higher than the pro forma net tangible book value per share of our outstanding Class A and Class B common stock following this offering, new investors will experience immediate and substantial dilution.

          The initial public offering price of our Class A common stock will be substantially higher than the pro forma net tangible book value per share of our Class A and Class B common stock outstanding immediately following this offering, based on the total value of our tangible assets less our total liabilities. Therefore, based on an assumed initial public offering price of $21.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, if you purchase shares of our Class A common stock in this offering, you will experience immediate dilution of $19.08 per share, the difference between the price per share you pay for our Class A common stock and its pro forma net tangible book value per share as of January 31, 2019, after giving effect to the issuance of shares of our Class A common stock in this offering. Furthermore, if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full, outstanding options are exercised, we issue awards to our employees under our equity incentive plans or we otherwise issue additional shares of our Class A common stock, you could experience further dilution. See the section titled "Dilution" for more information.

The issuance of additional stock in connection with financings, acquisitions, investments, our stock incentive plans, or otherwise will dilute all other stockholders.

          Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation that will be in effect upon completion of this offering authorizes us to issue up to 2,000,000,000 shares of Class A common stock, up to

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300,000,000 shares of Class B common stock, and up to 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock with such rights and preferences as may be determined by our board of directors. Subject to compliance with applicable rules and regulations, we may issue shares of Class A common stock or securities convertible into shares of our Class A common stock from time to time in connection with a financing, acquisition, investment, our stock incentive plans or otherwise. Any such issuance could result in substantial dilution to our existing stockholders and cause the market price of our Class A common stock to decline.

Certain provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of our company more difficult, limit attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove members of our board of directors or current management, and may adversely affect the market price of our Class A common stock.

          Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws that will be in effect upon completion of this offering contain provisions that could delay or prevent a change in control of our company. These provisions could also make it difficult for stockholders to elect directors that are not nominated by the current members of our board of directors or take other corporate actions, including effecting changes in our management. These provisions include:

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          These provisions may prohibit large stockholders, in particular those owning 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock, from merging or combining with us for a certain period of time. See the section titled "Description of Capital Stock—Anti-takeover Provisions."

Our amended and restated bylaws provide that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, and to the extent enforceable, the federal district courts of the United States, will be the exclusive forum for certain disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders' ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.

          Our amended and restated bylaws, which will become effective immediately prior to the completion of this offering, provide that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the exclusive forum for:

          However, this exclusive forum provision would not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act. In addition, our amended and restated bylaws will provide that the federal district courts of the United States will be the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act, subject to and contingent upon a final adjudication in the State of Delaware of the enforceability of such exclusive forum provision.

          These exclusive-forum provisions may limit a stockholder's ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and other employees.

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

          This prospectus, including the sections titled "Prospectus Summary," "Risk Factors," "Use of Proceeds," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," and "Business," contain forward-looking statements. The words "believe," "may," "will," "potentially," "estimate," "continue," "anticipate," "intend," "could," "would," "project," "plan," "expect," and similar expressions that convey uncertainty of future events or outcomes are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

          These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning the following:

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          We caution you that the foregoing list may not contain all of the forward-looking statements made in this prospectus.

          These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, including those described in the section titled "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this prospectus. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment, and new risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this prospectus may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.

          Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that the future results, levels of activity, performance, or events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur. The forward-looking statements made in this prospectus relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made. We undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this prospectus to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations, except as required by law. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions, or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements, and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures, or investments we may make.

          In addition, statements that "we believe" and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this prospectus, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.

          You should read this prospectus and the documents that we reference in this prospectus and have filed with the SEC as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part with the understanding that our actual future results, levels of activity, performance, and events and circumstances may be materially different from what we expect.

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MARKET AND INDUSTRY DATA

          This prospectus contains estimates and information concerning our industry, including market size of the markets in which we participate, that are based on industry publications and reports. This information involves a number of assumptions and limitations, and you are cautioned not to give undue weight to these estimates. We have not independently verified the accuracy or completeness of the data contained in these industry publications and reports. While we believe the industry, market, and competitive position data included in this prospectus are reliable and are based on reasonable assumptions, these data are necessarily subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described in the section titled "Risk Factors." These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in these publications and reports.

          The sources of certain statistical data, estimates and forecasts contained in this prospectus are the following independent industry publications or reports:

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          The Gartner Reports described herein, or the Gartner Reports, represent research opinion or viewpoints published, as part of a syndicated subscription service, by Gartner, Inc., or Gartner, and are not representations of fact. Each Gartner Report speaks as of its original publication date (and not as of the date of this prospectus) and the opinions expressed in the Gartner Reports are subject to change without notice.

          Gartner does not endorse any vendor, product or service depicted in its research publications, and does not advise technology users to select only those vendors with the highest ratings or other designation. Gartner research publications consist of the opinions of Gartner's research organization and should not be construed as statements of fact. Gartner disclaims all warranties, express or implied, with respect to this research, including any warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.

          Gartner Peer Insights Customers' Choice constitute the subjective opinions of individual end-user reviews, ratings, and data applied against a documented methodology; they neither represent the views of, nor constitute an endorsement by, Gartner or its affiliates.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

          We estimate that the net proceeds to us from the sale of shares of our Class A common stock offered by us in this offering at the assumed initial public offering price of $21.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, will be approximately $351.2 million, or approximately $404.8 million if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares of our Class A common stock from us in full.

          Each $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $21.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by approximately $17.0 million, assuming the number of shares of our Class A common stock offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions payable by us. Similarly, each 1.0 million increase (decrease) in the number of shares of our Class A common stock offered by us would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by approximately $19.8 million, assuming the assumed initial public offering price of $21.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions payable by us.

          The principal purposes of this offering are to increase our capitalization and financial flexibility, to create a public market for our stock and thereby enable access to the public equity markets for our employees and stockholders, to obtain additional capital, and to increase our visibility in the marketplace.

          We currently intend to use the net proceeds we receive from this offering primarily for general corporate purposes, including working capital, sales and marketing activities, research and development, general and administrative matters, and capital expenditures, although we do not currently have any specific or preliminary plans with respect to the use of proceeds for such purposes. We may also use a portion of the net proceeds for the acquisition of, or investment in, technologies, solutions, products, or businesses that complement our business, although we have no present commitments or agreements to enter into any such acquisitions or investments.

          We cannot specify with certainty the particular uses for the net proceeds from this offering. Accordingly, we will have broad discretion over the uses of the net proceeds of this offering. Pending these uses, we intend to invest the net proceeds in short-term, investment-grade interest-bearing securities, such as money market accounts, certificates of deposit, commercial paper, and guaranteed obligations of the U.S. government.

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DIVIDEND POLICY

          We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings for use in the operation of our business and do not expect to pay any dividends on our capital stock in the foreseeable future. Additionally, our ability to pay dividends is limited by restrictions on our ability to pay dividends or make distributions under the terms of our credit facility. Any future determination to declare dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors, subject to applicable laws, and will depend on a number of factors, including our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, general business conditions, and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant.

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CAPITALIZATION

          The following table sets forth cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities, as well as our capitalization, as of January 31, 2019, as follows:

          The information below is illustrative only and our capitalization following this offering will be adjusted based on the actual initial public offering price and other terms of the offering determined at pricing. You should read this information together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes, and the sections titled "Selected Consolidated Financial and Other Data" and

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"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" that are included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 
  As of January 31, 2019  
 
  Actual   Pro Forma   Pro Forma
As Adjusted(1)
 
 
  (in thousands,
except share and per share data)

 

Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities

  $ 191,655   $ 191,655   $ 542,865  

Redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability

  $ 4,537   $   $  

Redeemable convertible preferred stock, par value $0.0005 per share: 137,418,875 shares authorized, 131,267,586 issued and outstanding, actual; no shares authorized, issued and outstanding, pro forma and pro forma as adjusted

    557,912          

Stockholders' equity (deficit):

   
 
   
 
   
 
 

Preferred stock, par value $0.0005 per share: no shares authorized, issued and outstanding, actual; 100,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding, pro forma and pro forma as adjusted                                  

             

Common stock, par value $0.0005 per share: 220,000,000 shares authorized, 47,421,385 shares issued and outstanding, actual; no shares authorized, issued and outstanding, pro forma and pro forma as adjusted

    24          

Class A common stock, par value $0.0005 per share: no shares authorized, issued and outstanding, actual; 2,000,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding, pro forma; 2,000,000,000 shares authorized, 18,000,000 shares issued and outstanding, pro forma as adjusted

            9  

Class B common stock, par value $0.0005 per share: no shares authorized, issued and outstanding, actual; 300,000,000 shares authorized, 178,688,971 shares issued and outstanding, pro forma; 300,000,000 shares authorized, 178,688,971 shares issued and outstanding, pro forma as adjusted

        90     90  

Additional paid-in capital

    31,211     603,956     955,157  

Accumulated deficit

    (519,126 )   (529,488 )   (529,488 )

Accumulated other comprehensive income

    98     98     98  

Total stockholders' equity (deficit)

    (487,793 )   74,656     425,866  

Total capitalization

  $ 74,656   $ 74,656   $ 425,866  

(1)
Each $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $21.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase (decrease) the amount of our pro forma as adjusted cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities, additional paid-in capital, total stockholders' equity, and total capitalization by $17.0 million, assuming the number of shares of our Class A common stock offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions payable by us. Similarly, each 1.0 million increase (decrease) in the number of shares of our Class A common stock offered by us would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by $19.8 million, assuming the assumed initial public offering price of $21.00 per share, which is the

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    midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions payable by us. The pro forma as adjusted information discussed above is illustrative only and will change based on the actual initial public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at pricing.

          The number of shares of our common stock that will be outstanding after this offering is based on 178,688,971 shares of our Class B common stock (including shares of our redeemable convertible preferred stock on an as-converted basis) outstanding as of January 31, 2019, and excludes:

          Our 2019 Plan and ESPP each provide for annual automatic increases in the number of shares of our Class A common stock reserved thereunder, and our 2019 Plan also provides for increases to the number of shares of our Class A common stock that may be granted thereunder based on shares under our 2011 Plan that expire, are forfeited, or otherwise repurchased by us, as more fully described in the section titled "Executive Compensation—Employee Benefit and Stock Plans."

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DILUTION

          If you invest in our Class A common stock, your interest will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the amount per share paid by purchasers of shares of Class A common stock in this initial public offering and the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share of common stock immediately after this offering.

          Our historical net tangible book value (deficit) as of January 31, 2019, was $(538.4) million, or $(11.35) per share of common stock. Our pro forma net tangible book value as of January 31, 2019 was $24.0 million, or $0.13 per share of common stock. Our pro forma net tangible book value per share represents the amount of our total tangible assets reduced by the amount of our total liabilities and divided by the total number of shares of our Class A and Class B common stock outstanding as of January 31, 2019, assuming the conversion of all 131,267,586 outstanding shares of our redeemable convertible preferred stock into an equivalent number of shares of Class B common stock and the resulting reclassification of the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability to additional paid-in-capital.

          After giving effect to our sale in this offering of 18,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock, at an assumed initial public offering price of $21.00 per share, the midpoint of the estimated offering price range reflected on the cover page of this prospectus, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value as of January 31, 2019, would have been $378.1 million, or $1.92 per share. This represents an immediate increase in pro forma net tangible book value of $1.79 per share to our existing stockholders and an immediate dilution of $19.08 per share to investors purchasing shares in this offering.

          The following table illustrates this dilution:

Assumed initial public offering price per share

        $ 21.00  

Historical net tangible book value (deficit) per share as of January 31, 2019          

  $ (11.35 )      

Pro forma net tangible book value per share as of January 31, 2019

    0.13        

Increase in pro forma net tangible book value per share attributable to this offering

    1.79        

Pro forma net tangible book value, as adjusted to give effect to this offering

        $ 1.92  

Dilution in pro forma net tangible book value per share to new investors in this offering

        $ 19.08  

          The dilution information discussed above is illustrative only and will change based on the actual initial public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at pricing. A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $21.00 per share, the midpoint of the estimated offering price range reflected on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase (decrease) our pro forma net tangible book value, as adjusted to give effect to this offering, by $0.09 per share, and increase (decrease) the dilution in pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share to new investors in this offering by $0.09 per share, assuming the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated expenses payable by us. Each 1.0 million increase (decrease) in the number of shares offered by us as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase (decrease) our pro forma net tangible book value, as adjusted to give effect to this offering, by $0.09 per share, and decrease (increase) the dilution in pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share to new investors in this offering by $0.09 per share, assuming that the assumed initial public offering price of $21.00 per share, the midpoint of the estimated offering price range on the cover of this prospectus, remains the same and after

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deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

          If the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock in full, the pro forma net tangible book value per share after giving effect to this offering would be $2.17 per share, and the dilution in net tangible book value per share to investors in this offering would be $18.83 per share.

          The following table summarizes, on a pro forma as adjusted basis as of January 31, 2019, after giving effect to the sale of shares of Class A common stock by us in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $21.00 per share, the midpoint of the estimated offering price range on the cover of this prospectus, the difference between existing stockholders and new investors with respect to the number of shares of Class A common stock purchased from us, the total consideration paid to us and the average price per share paid or to be paid to us at an assumed offering price of $21.00 per share, the midpoint of the estimated offering price range on the cover of this prospectus, before deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us:

 
  Shares Purchased   Total Consideration    
 
 
  Average Price
Per Share
 
 
  Number   Percent   Amount   Percent  

Existing stockholders

    178,688,971     91 % $ 502,596,355     57 % $ 2.81  

New public investors

    18,000,000     9 % $ 378,000,000     43 % $ 21.00  

Total

    196,688,971     100 % $ 880,596,355     100 %      

          The information discussed above is illustrative only and will change based on the actual initial public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at pricing. Each $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $21.00 per share, the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus, would increase (decrease) total consideration paid by new investors and total consideration paid by all stockholders by $17.0 million, assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. Each 1.0 million increase (decrease) in the number of shares offered by us as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase (decrease) total consideration paid by new investors and total consideration paid by all stockholders by approximately $19.8 million, assuming that the assumed initial public offering price of $21.00 per share, the midpoint of the estimated offering price range reflected on the cover of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

          Except as otherwise indicated, the above discussion and tables assume no exercise of the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares of our Class A common stock from us. If the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares of our Class A common stock in full, our existing stockholders would own 90% and the investors purchasing shares of our Class A common stock in this offering would own 10% of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately after completion of this offering.

          The number of shares of our common stock that will be outstanding after this offering is based on 178,688,971 shares of our Class B common stock (including shares of our redeemable

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convertible preferred stock on an as-converted basis) outstanding as of January 31, 2019, and excludes:

          Our 2019 Plan and ESPP each provide for annual automatic increases in the number of shares of our Class A common stock reserved thereunder, and our 2019 Plan also provides for increases to the number of shares of our Class A common stock that may be granted thereunder based on shares under our 2011 Plan that expire, are forfeited, or otherwise repurchased by us. See the section titled "Executive Compensation—Employee Benefit and Stock Plans" for further explanation.

          To the extent that any outstanding options or warrants are exercised or we issue any securities or convertible debt in the future, investors will experience further dilution.

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SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL AND OTHER DATA

          We derived the selected consolidated statements of operations data for fiscal 2017, fiscal 2018, and fiscal 2019 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of January 31, 2018 and 2019 from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The following summary consolidated financial data should be read together with our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes, as well as the section titled "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included elsewhere in this prospectus. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of financial results to be achieved in future periods.

 
  Year Ended January 31,  
 
  2017   2018   2019  
 
  (in thousands, except
per share data)

 

Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:

                   

Revenue

                   

Subscription

  $ 37,895   $ 92,568   $ 219,401  

Professional services

    14,850     26,184     30,423  

Total revenue

    52,745     118,752     249,824  

Cost of revenue(1)

                   

Subscription

    24,378     39,857     69,208  

Professional services

    9,628     14,629     18,030  

Total cost of revenue

    34,006     54,486     87,238  

Gross profit

    18,739     64,266     162,586  

Operating expenses

                   

Sales and marketing(1)

    53,748     104,277     172,682  

Research and development(1)

    39,145     58,887     84,551  

General and administrative(1)

    16,402     32,542     42,217  

Total operating expenses

    109,295     195,706     299,450  

Loss from operations

    (90,556 )   (131,440 )   (136,864 )

Interest expense

    (615 )   (1,648 )   (428 )

Other expense, net

    (82 )   (1,473 )   (1,418 )

Loss before provision for income taxes

    (91,253 )   (134,561 )   (138,710 )

Provision for income taxes

    (87 )   (929 )   (1,367 )

Net loss

  $ (91,340 ) $ (135,490 ) $ (140,077 )

Accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock

    (17,012 )   (5,853 )    

Net loss attributable to common stockholders

  $ (108,352 ) $ (141,343 ) $ (140,077 )

Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted(2)

  $ (2.73 ) $ (3.38 ) $ (3.12 )

Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted(2)

    39,706     41,876     44,863  

Pro forma net loss per share, basic and diluted (unaudited)(2)

                               $ (0.80 )

Weighted-average shares used in computing pro forma net loss per share, basic and diluted (unaudited)(2)

                                 171,202  

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(1)
Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:
 
  Year Ended January 31,  
 
  2017   2018   2019  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Cost of revenue

  $ 91   $ 341   $ 894  

Sales and marketing

    638     1,386     5,175  

Research and development

    561     3,429     7,815  

General and administrative

    704     7,187     6,621  

Total stock-based compensation expense

  $ 1,994   $ 12,343   $ 20,505  
(2)
See Note 2 and Note 15 to our consolidated financial statements elsewhere in this prospectus for an explanation of the method used to calculate our basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to our common stockholders, our basic and diluted pro forma net loss per share, and the weighted-average number of shares used in the computation of the per share amounts.
 
  As of January 31,  
 
  2018   2019  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:

             

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 63,179   $ 88,408  

Working capital (deficit)(1)

    (12,279 )   49,968  

Total assets

    217,703     433,219  

Deferred revenue, current and noncurrent

    158,950     290,067  

Redeemable convertible preferred stock

    358,016     557,912  

Accumulated deficit

    (378,948 )   (519,126 )

Total stockholders' deficit

    (369,474 )   (487,793 )

(1)
Working capital (deficit) is defined as current assets less current liabilities.

Key Metrics

          We monitor the following key metrics to help us evaluate our business, identify trends affecting our business, formulate business plans, and make strategic decisions. We believe the following metrics are useful in evaluating our business.

Subscription Customers

          Our subscription customers include all paid subscribers to our Falcon platform, and excludes customers solely of our incident response and proactive services. The following table sets forth the number of subscription customers as of the dates presented:

 
  As of January 31,  
 
  2017   2018   2019  

Subscription customers

    450     1,242     2,516  

Year-over-year growth

    173 %   176 %   103 %

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Annual Recurring Revenue

          ARR is calculated as the annualized value of our customer subscription contracts as of the measurement date, assuming any contract that expires during the next 12 months is renewed on its existing terms. The following table sets forth our ARR as of the dates presented:

 
  As of January 31,  
 
  2017   2018   2019  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

Annual recurring revenue

  $ 58,758   $ 141,314   $ 312,656  

Year-over-year growth

    110 %   140 %   121 %

Dollar-Based Net Retention Rate

          Our dollar-based net retention rate compares our ARR from a set of subscription customers against the same metric for those subscription customers from the prior year. Our dollar-based net retention rate reflects customer renewals, expansion, contraction, and churn, and excludes revenue from our incident response and proactive services. We calculate our dollar-based net retention rate as of period end by starting with the ARR from all subscription customers as of 12 months prior to such period end, or Prior Period ARR. We then calculate the ARR from these same subscription customers as of the current period end, or Current Period ARR. Current Period ARR includes any expansion and is net of contraction or churn over the trailing 12 months but excludes revenue from new subscription customers in the current period. We then divide the Current Period ARR by the Prior Period ARR to arrive at our dollar-based net retention rate. The following table sets forth the dollar-based net retention rates as of the dates presented:

 
  As of January 31,  
 
  2017   2018   2019  

Dollar-based net retention rate

    104 %   119 %   147 %

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

          We believe that, in addition to our results determined in accordance with GAAP, non-GAAP subscription gross profit, non-GAAP subscription gross margin, non-GAAP loss from operations, non-GAAP operating margin, free cash flow, and free cash flow margin are useful in evaluating our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

          See the section titled "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for explanations of how we calculate these

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measures and for reconciliation to the most directly comparable financial measure stated in accordance with GAAP.

 
  Year Ended January 31,  
 
  2017   2018   2019  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

Subscription gross profit

  $ 13,517   $ 52,711   $ 150,193  

Non-GAAP subscription gross profit

  $ 13,664   $ 53,087   $ 151,209  

Subscription gross margin

   
36

%
 
57

%
 
68

%

Non-GAAP subscription gross margin

    36 %   57 %   69 %

Loss from operations

 
$

(90,556

)

$

(131,440

)

$

(136,864

)

Non-GAAP loss from operations

  $ (88,465 ) $ (118,302 ) $ (115,776 )

Operating margin

   
(172

)%
 
(111

)%
 
(55

)%

Non-GAAP operating margin

    (168 )%   (100 )%   (46 )%

Net cash used in operating activities

 
$

(51,998

)

$

(58,766

)

$

(22,968

)

Net cash used in investing activities

  $ (11,854 ) $ (28,330 ) $ (142,030 )

Net cash provided by financing activities

  $ 17,460   $ 126,831   $ 190,389  

Free cash flow

  $ (64,645 ) $ (94,992 ) $ (65,613 )

Net cash used in operating activities as a percentage of revenue

   
(99

)%
 
(49

)%
 
(9

)%

Free cash flow margin

    (123 )%   (80 )%   (26 )%

Non-GAAP Subscription Gross Profit and Non-GAAP Subscription Gross Margin

          We define non-GAAP subscription gross profit and non-GAAP subscription gross margin as GAAP subscription gross profit and GAAP subscription gross margin, respectively, excluding stock-based compensation expense and amortization of acquired intangible assets.

Non-GAAP Loss from Operations and Non-GAAP Operating Margin

          We define non-GAAP loss from operations and non-GAAP operating margin as GAAP loss from operations and GAAP operating margin, respectively, excluding stock-based compensation expense, amortization of acquired intangible assets, and acquisition-related expenses.

Free Cash Flow and Free Cash Flow Margin

          Free cash flow is a non-GAAP financial measure that we define as net cash used in operating activities less purchases of property and equipment, capitalized internal-use software, acquisition of intangible assets, and cash used for business combinations. Free cash flow margin is calculated as free cash flow divided by total revenue. One limitation of free cash flow and free cash flow margin is that they do not reflect our future contractual commitments. Additionally, free cash flow does not represent the total increase or decrease in our cash balance for a given period.

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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

          You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this prospectus, particularly in the sections titled "Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" and "Risk Factors." Our fiscal year end is January 31, and our fiscal quarters end on April 30, July 31, October 31, and January 31. Our fiscal years ended January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018, and January 31, 2019 are referred to herein as fiscal 2017, fiscal 2018, and fiscal 2019, respectively.


Overview

          We founded CrowdStrike in 2011 to reinvent security for the cloud era. When we started the company, cyberattackers had a decided, asymmetric advantage over existing security products. We turned the tables on the adversaries by taking a fundamentally new approach that leverages the network effects of crowdsourced data applied to modern technologies such as AI, cloud computing, and graph databases. Realizing that the nature of cybersecurity problems had changed but the solutions had not, we built our CrowdStrike Falcon platform to detect threats and stop breaches.

          We believe we are defining a new category called the Security Cloud, with the power to transform the security industry much the same way the cloud has transformed the CRM, HR, and service management industries. With our Falcon platform, we created the first multi-tenant, cloud native, intelligent security solution capable of protecting workloads across on-premise, virtualized, and cloud-based environments running on a variety of endpoints such as desktops, laptops, servers, virtual machines, and IoT devices. Our Falcon platform is composed of two tightly integrated proprietary technologies: our easily deployed intelligent lightweight agent and our cloud-based, dynamic graph database called Threat Graph. Our solution benefits from crowdsourcing and economies of scale, which we believe enables our AI algorithms to be uniquely effective. We call this cloud-scale AI. We initially provided intelligence and incident response services while we developed our Falcon platform. In June 2013, we first began providing EDR capabilities as a single solution. In February 2017, as we executed on our Falcon platform expansion strategy, we began offering these and additional capabilities as separate cloud modules. This strategic move facilitated new customer adoption and allowed us to further expand within our customer base. Today, we offer 10 cloud modules on our Falcon platform via a SaaS subscription-based model that spans multiple large security markets, including endpoint security, security and IT operations (including vulnerability management), and threat intelligence.

          Since our founding, we have achieved a number of milestones such as:

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          Some of the world's largest enterprises, government organizations, and high profile brands trust us to protect their business. As of January 31, 2019, we had 2,516 subscription customers worldwide, including 44 of the Fortune 100, 37 of the top 100 global companies, and nine of the top 20 major banks. In fiscal 2019, 77% of our total revenue was generated from customers in the United States.

          We have recently experienced significant growth, with total revenue increasing from $52.7 million for fiscal 2017 to $118.8 million for fiscal 2018, representing year-over-year growth of 125%, and from $118.8 million for fiscal 2018 to $249.8 million for fiscal 2019, representing year-over-year growth of 110%. Subscription revenue grew from $37.9 million for fiscal 2017 to $92.6 million for fiscal 2018, a 144% increase, and from $92.6 million for fiscal 2018 to $219.4 million for fiscal 2019, a 137% increase. Our ARR has grown from $58.8 million as of January 31, 2017 to $141.3 million as of January 31, 2018, a 140% increase, and from $141.3 million as of January 31, 2018 to $312.7 million as of January 31, 2019, a 121% increase. Our net loss increased from $91.3 million for fiscal 2017 to $135.5 million for fiscal 2018 and from $135.5 million for fiscal 2018 to $140.1 million for fiscal 2019. Our accumulated deficit as of January 31, 2019 was $519.1 million. We expect to continue to incur net losses for the foreseeable future as we continue to invest in our business and our sales capabilities to address our large market opportunity.


Our Go-To-Market Strategy

          We have a diverse and highly efficient go-to-market strategy through which we sell subscriptions to our Falcon platform and cloud modules to organizations across multiple industries. We primarily sell subscriptions to our Falcon platform and cloud modules through our direct sales team that leverages our network of channel partners. Our direct sales team is comprised of field sales and inside sales professionals who are segmented by a customer's number of endpoints.

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          We have a low friction land-and-expand sales strategy. When customers deploy our Falcon platform, they can start with any number of cloud modules and we can activate additional cloud modules in real time on the same agent already deployed on the endpoint. This architecture has also allowed us to begin to offer a free trial of our Falcon Prevent module directly from our website or the AWS Marketplace, and we plan to extend this capability to additional modules in the future. Once customers experience the benefits of our Falcon platform, they often expand their adoption over time by adding more endpoints or purchasing additional modules. We also use our sales team to identify current customers who may be interested in free trials of additional cloud modules, which serves as a powerful driver of our land-and-expand model. By segmenting our sales teams, we can deploy a low-touch sales model that efficiently identifies prospective customers.

          We began as a solution for large enterprises, but the flexibility and scalability of our Falcon platform has enabled us to seamlessly offer our solution to customers of any size—from those with hundreds of thousands of endpoints to as few as three. We have expanded our sales focus to include any organization without the need to modify our Falcon platform for small and medium sized businesses.

          A substantial majority of our customers purchase subscriptions with a term of one year. Our subscriptions are generally priced on a per-endpoint and per-module basis. We recognize revenue from our subscriptions ratably over the term of the subscription. We also generate revenue from our incident response and proactive professional services, which are generally priced on a time and materials basis. We view our professional services business primarily as an opportunity to cross-sell subscriptions to our Falcon platform and cloud modules.


Certain Factors Affecting Our Performance

          Adoption of Our Solutions.    We believe our future success depends in large part on the growth in the market for cloud-based SaaS-delivered endpoint security solutions. The limitations of legacy on-premise products, coupled with a dynamic and growing threat landscape, are intensifying the need for organizations to reevaluate their approach to cybersecurity. As organizations grow and become more distributed and diverse, adding more endpoints and workloads, they expand the attack surface available to sophisticated adversaries targeting their data and IT infrastructure. As security threats multiply, organizations often find themselves unable to hire sufficient security professionals to address all security gaps and vulnerabilities, underscoring the need for automated systems to effectively address these threats. Many organizations have not yet abandoned the on-premise legacy products in which they have invested substantial personnel and financial resources to design and maintain. As a result, it is difficult to predict customer adoption rates and demand for our cloud-based solutions. On-premise legacy products are siloed, lack integration, and have limited ability to collect, process, and analyze vast amounts of data, attributes that are required to be effective in today's increasingly dynamic threat landscape. Legacy security products have tried to address these attacks but firewalls are ineffective at protecting endpoints outside the corporate perimeter and signature-based products are not capable of protecting against unknown threats. Other alternatives such as malware-focused machine learning products are useless against cyberattacks that do not leverage malware, and approaches based on creating a manual list of approved programs, or whitelisting, are cumbersome to implement and enforce and are also vulnerable to attacks that exploit legitimate applications. To ensure comprehensive threat protection, we believe organizations need to adopt an integrated, data-driven, and automated cloud-based approach to security.

          New Customer Acquisition.    Our future growth depends in large part on our ability to acquire new customers. If our efforts to attract new customers are not successful, our revenue and rate of revenue growth may decline. We believe our ability to add new customers is a key indicator of the market's increased adoption of our solution. Our subscription customer count grew from 450

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as of January 31, 2017, to 1,242 as of January 31, 2018, representing a year-over-year increase of 176% and from 1,242 as of January 31, 2018, to 2,516 as of January 31, 2019, representing a year-over-year increase of 103%. Our go-to-market strategy and the flexibility and scalability of our Falcon platform allow us to rapidly expand our customer base. Our incident response and proactive services also help drive new customer acquisitions, as many of these professional services customers subsequently purchase subscriptions to our Falcon platform. Many organizations have not yet adopted cloud-based security solutions, and since our Falcon platform has offerings for organizations of all sizes, worldwide, and across industries, we believe this presents a significant opportunity for growth.

          Maintain Customer Retention and Increase Sales.    Our ability to increase revenue depends in large part on our ability to retain our existing customers and increase the ARR of their subscriptions. We typically enjoy a high rate of customer retention. For example, our dollar-based gross retention rate was 96% and 98% as of January 31, 2018 and January 31, 2019, respectively. We calculate our dollar-based gross retention rate as of the period end by starting with the ARR from all subscription customers as of 12 months prior to such period, or Prior Period ARR. We then deduct from the Prior Period ARR any ARR from subscription customers who are no longer customers as of the current period end, or Current Period Remaining ARR. We then divide the total Current Period Remaining ARR by the total Prior Period ARR to arrive at our dollar-based gross retention rate, which is the percentage of ARR from all subscription customers as of the year prior that is not lost to customer churn. Our dollar-based gross retention rate reflects only customer losses and does not reflect customer expansion or contraction, so it demonstrates that the vast majority of our customers continue to use our solution and renew their subscriptions. We also focus on increasing sales to our existing customers by expanding their deployments to more endpoints and selling additional cloud modules for increased functionality. However, our customer retention and expansion may decline or fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, and if our efforts to expand our relationships with our customers are not successful, our business, results of operations, and financial condition may suffer.

          The chart below illustrates our strong relationship with existing customers by presenting our dollar-based net retention rate over the past eight fiscal quarters. Consistent with the execution of our platform strategy beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2018, the ARR of our existing customer accounts has generally increased. Our dollar-based net retention rate, which measures existing customers' subscriptions over a 12 month period, was 147% as of January 31, 2019, demonstrating the power of our land-and-expand strategy. In order for us to increase the ARR from our existing customers, we need to expand our commercial relationships with these customers by deploying to more endpoints in their environment and selling additional modules. See the section titled "Key Metrics—Dollar-Based Net Retention Rate" below for additional information about how we define dollar-based net retention rate. The chart below also illustrates that the vast majority of our

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customers continue to use our solution and renew their subscriptions by presenting our dollar-based gross retention rates over the same periods.

GRAPHIC

          In February 2017, we transitioned our platform from a single offering into highly-integrated offerings of multiple SKU cloud modules. We initially launched this strategy with our IT hygiene, next-generation antivirus, EDR, managed threat hunting, and intelligence modules, and added five additional modules between February 2017 and October 2018. As our platform has become more integral to our customers' security strategy and we have continued to innovate and release new modules, we have experienced increased adoption of our cloud modules. Some of our subscription customers begin with one module and purchase additional modules over time, while others immediately deploy multiple modules. The chart below demonstrates the success we have had

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executing on our platform strategy, as 47% of our subscription customers have adopted four or more cloud modules as of January 31, 2019.

GRAPHIC

          Invest in Growth.    We believe that our market opportunity is large and requires us to continue to invest significantly in sales and marketing efforts to further grow our customer base, both domestically and internationally. Our open cloud architecture and single data model have allowed us to rapidly build and deploy new cloud modules, and we expect to continue investing in those efforts to further enhance our technology platform and product functionality. In addition to our ongoing investment in research and development, we may also pursue acquisitions of businesses, technologies, and assets that complement and expand the functionality of our Falcon platform, add to our technology or security expertise, or bolster our leadership position by gaining access to new customers or markets. Furthermore, we expect our general and administrative expenses to increase in dollar amount for the foreseeable future given the additional expenses for accounting, compliance, and investor relations as we become a public company. While we expect these investments will contribute to our long-term growth, they may adversely affect our profitability in the near term, until such time as we are able to sufficiently grow our number of customers and increase the value of ARR with existing customers. We plan to balance these investments in future growth with a continued focus on managing our results of operations.


Key Metrics

          We monitor the following key metrics to help us evaluate our business, identify trends affecting our business, formulate business plans, and make strategic decisions.

Subscription Customers

          We believe that our ability to increase the number of subscription customers on our platform is an indicator of our market penetration, the growth of our business, and our potential future business opportunities. We have a history of growing the number of customers who subscribe to

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our Falcon platform, which does not include customers solely of our incident response and proactive services. We define a subscription customer as a separate legal entity that has entered into a distinct subscription agreement for access to Falcon platform for which the term has not ended or with which we are negotiating a renewal contract. We do not consider our channel partners as customers, and we treat managed service security providers, who may purchase our products on behalf of multiple companies, as a single customer. While initially we focused our sales and marketing efforts on large enterprises, in recent years we have also increased our sales and marketing to small and medium sized businesses. We estimate that, as of January 31, 2019, approximately two-thirds of our subscription customers were organizations with fewer than 1,000 employees. Historically, we have consistently increased the number of subscription customers period-over-period, and we expect this trend to continue as we increase the number of our subscription customers who are small and medium sized businesses, and as larger enterprises continue to replace or supplement their legacy on-premise security products.

          The following table sets forth the number of our subscription customers as of the dates presented:

 
  As of January 31,  
 
  2017   2018   2019  

Subscription customers

    450     1,242     2,516  

Year-over-year growth

    173 %   176 %   103 %

Annual Recurring Revenue

          We believe that ARR is a key metric to measure our business because it is driven by our ability to acquire new subscription customers and to maintain and expand our relationship with existing subscription customers. ARR is calculated as the annualized value of our customer subscription contracts as of the measurement date, assuming any contract that expires during the next 12 months is renewed on its existing terms. To the extent that we are negotiating a renewal with a customer after the expiration of the subscription, we continue to include that revenue in ARR if we are actively in discussion with such an organization for a new subscription or renewal, or until such organization notifies us that it is not renewing its subscription.

          The following table sets forth our ARR as of the dates presented:

 
  As of January 31,  
 
  2017   2018   2019  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

Annual recurring revenue

  $ 58,758   $ 141,314   $ 312,656  

Year-over-year growth

    110 %   140 %   121 %

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          The chart below illustrates our robust growth in ARR by presenting the ARR from the prior period plus the new ARR added during the period, net of any churn or contraction.

GRAPHIC

Dollar-Based Net Retention Rate

          We believe that our ability to retain and grow the subscription revenue generated from our existing subscription customers is an indicator of the long-term value of our subscription customer relationships and our potential future business opportunities. We track our performance in this area by measuring our dollar-based net retention rate, which reflects customer renewals, expansion, contraction, and churn, and excludes revenue from our incident response and proactive services.

          Our dollar-based net retention rate as of a given point in time is calculated as Current Period ARR divided by Prior Period ARR, where prior Period ARR is the ARR from all subscription customers as of 12 months prior to such period end and Current Period ARR is the ARR from these same subscription customers as of the current period end, which includes any expansion and is net of contraction or churn over the trailing 12 months, but excludes revenue from new subscription customers in the current period.

          The following table sets forth our dollar-based net retention rates as of the dates presented:

 
  As of January 31,  
 
  2017   2018   2019  

Dollar-based net retention rate

    104 %   119 %   147 %

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          Since January 2016, our dollar-based net retention rate has consistently exceeded 100%, which is primarily attributable to an expansion of endpoints within, and cross-selling additional cloud modules to, our existing subscription customers. Our dollar-based net retention rate can fluctuate from period to period due to large customer contracts in a given period, which may reduce our dollar-based net retention rate in subsequent periods if the customer makes a larger upfront purchase and does not continue to increase purchases.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

          In addition to our results determined in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, we believe the following non-GAAP measures are useful in evaluating our operating performance. We use the following non-GAAP financial information to evaluate our ongoing operations and for internal planning and forecasting purposes. We believe that non-GAAP financial information, when taken collectively, may be helpful to investors because it provides consistency and comparability with past financial performance. However, non-GAAP financial information is presented for supplemental informational purposes only, has limitations as an analytical tool, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for financial information presented in accordance with GAAP. In particular, free cash flow is not a substitute for cash used in operating activities. Additionally, the utility of free cash flow as a measure of our financial performance and liquidity is further limited as it does not represent the total increase or decrease in our cash balance for a given period. In addition, other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate similarly-titled non-GAAP measures differently or may use other measures to evaluate their performance, all of which could reduce the usefulness of our non-GAAP financial measures as tools for comparison. A reconciliation is provided below for each non-GAAP financial measure to the most directly comparable financial measure stated in accordance with GAAP. Investors are encouraged to review the related GAAP financial measures and the reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures and not rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business.

          We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures as presented in the below table, when taken together with the corresponding GAAP financial measures, provide meaningful supplemental

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information regarding our performance by excluding certain items that may not be indicative of our business, results of operations, or outlook.

 
  Year Ended January 31,  
 
  2017   2018   2019  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

Subscription gross profit

  $ 13,517   $ 52,711   $ 150,193  

Non-GAAP subscription gross profit

  $ 13,664   $ 53,087   $ 151,209  

Subscription gross margin

   
36

%
 
57

%
 
68

%

Non-GAAP subscription gross margin

    36 %   57 %   69 %

Loss from operations

 
$

(90,556

)

$

(131,440

)

$

(136,864

)

Non-GAAP loss from operations

  $ (88,465 ) $ (118,302 ) $ (115,776 )

Operating margin

   
(172

)%
 
(111

)%
 
(55

)%

Non-GAAP operating margin

    (168 )%   (100 )%   (46 )%

Net cash used in operating activities

 
$

(51,998

)

$

(58,766

)

$

(22,968

)

Net cash used in investing activities

  $ (11,854 ) $ (28,330 ) $ (142,030 )

Net cash provided by financing activities

  $ 17,460   $ 126,831   $ 190,389  

Free cash flow

  $ (64,645 ) $ (94,992 ) $ (65,613 )

Net cash used in operating activities as a percentage of revenue

   
(99

)%
 
(49

)%
 
(9

)%

Free cash flow margin

    (123 )%   (80 )%   (26 )%

Non-GAAP Subscription Gross Profit and Non-GAAP Subscription Gross Margin

          We define non-GAAP subscription gross profit and non-GAAP subscription gross margin as GAAP subscription gross profit and GAAP subscription gross margin, respectively, excluding stock-based compensation expense and amortization of acquired intangible assets. We believe non-GAAP subscription gross profit and non-GAAP subscription gross margin provide our management and investors consistency and comparability with our past financial performance and facilitate period-to-period comparisons of operations, as these measures eliminate the effects of certain variables unrelated to our overall operating performance.

          The following table presents a reconciliation of our non-GAAP subscription gross profit to our GAAP subscription gross profit and of our non-GAAP subscription gross margin to our GAAP subscription gross margin as of the periods presented:

 
  Year Ended January 31,  
 
  2017   2018   2019  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

Subscription revenue

  $ 37,895   $ 92,568   $ 219,401  

Subscription gross profit

 
$

13,517
 
$

52,711
 
$

150,193
 

Add: Stock-based compensation expense

    50     89     689  

Add: Amortization of acquired intangible assets

    97     287     327  

Non-GAAP subscription gross profit

  $ 13,664   $ 53,087   $ 151,209  

Subscription gross margin

    36 %   57 %   68 %

Non-GAAP subscription gross margin

    36 %   57 %   69 %

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Non-GAAP Loss from Operations and Non-GAAP Operating Margin

          We define non-GAAP loss from operations and non-GAAP operating margin as GAAP loss from operations and GAAP operating margin, respectively, excluding stock-based compensation expense, amortization of acquired intangible assets, and acquisition-related expenses. We believe non-GAAP loss from operations and non-GAAP operating margin provide our management and investors consistency and comparability with our past financial performance and facilitate period-to-period comparisons of operations, as these metrics generally eliminate the effects of certain variables unrelated to our overall operating performance.

          The following table presents a reconciliation of our non-GAAP loss from operations to our GAAP loss from operations and our non-GAAP operating margin to our GAAP operating margin as of the periods presented:

 
  Year Ended January 31,  
 
  2017   2018   2019  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

Total revenue

  $ 52,745   $ 118,752   $ 249,824  

Loss from operations

 
$

(90,556

)

$

(131,440

)

$

(136,864

)

Add: Stock-based compensation expense

    1,994     12,343     20,505  

Add: Amortization of acquired intangible assets

    97     628     583  

Add: Acquisition-related expenses          

        167      

Non-GAAP loss from operations

  $ (88,465 ) $ (118,302 ) $ (115,776 )

Operating margin

    (172 )%   (111 )%   (55 )%

Non-GAAP operating margin

    (168 )%   (100 )%   (46 )%

Free Cash Flow and Free Cash Flow Margin

          Free cash flow is a non-GAAP financial measure that we define as net cash used in operating activities less purchases of property and equipment, capitalized internal-use software, acquisition of intangible assets, and cash used for business combinations.

          Free cash flow margin is calculated as free cash flow divided by total revenue. We believe that free cash flow and free cash flow margin are useful indicators of liquidity that provide information to management and investors, even if negative, as they provide useful information about the amount of cash consumed by our operating activities that is not available to be used for purchases of property and equipment and other strategic initiatives. For example, as free cash flow is negative, we will need to access cash reserves or other sources of capital for these investments. One limitation of free cash flow and free cash flow margin is that they do not reflect our future contractual commitments. Additionally, free cash flow does not represent the total increase or decrease in our cash balance for a given period.

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          The following table presents a reconciliation of free cash flow and free cash flow margin to net cash used in operating activities:

 
  Year Ended January 31,  
 
  2017   2018   2019  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

Total revenue

  $ 52,745   $ 118,752   $ 249,824  

Net cash used in operating activities

   
(51,998

)
 
(58,766

)
 
(22,968

)

Less: Purchases of property and equipment

    (6,591 )   (22,906 )   (35,851 )

Less: Capitalized internal-use software

    (5,556 )   (6,542 )   (6,794 )

Less: Acquisition of intangible assets

    (500 )   (307 )    

Less: Cash used for business combinations

        (6,471 )    

Free cash flow

  $ (64,645 ) $ (94,992 ) $ (65,613 )

Net cash used in investing activities

  $ (11,854 ) $ (28,330 ) $ (142,030 )

Net cash provided by financing activities

  $ 17,460   $ 126,831   $ 190,389  

Net cash used in operating activities as a percentage of revenue

    (99 )%   (49 )%   (9 )%

Less: Purchases of property and equipment as a percentage of revenue

    (12 )%   (19 )%   (14 )%

Less: Capitalized internal-use software as a percentage of revenue

    (11 )%   (6 )%   (3 )%

Less: Acquisition of intangible assets as a percentage of revenue

    (1 )%   0 %   0 %

Less: Cash used for business combinations as a percentage of revenue

    0 %   (6 )%   0 %

Free cash flow margin

    (123 )%   (80 )%   (26 )%


Components of Our Results of Operations

Revenue

          Subscription Revenue.    Subscription revenue primarily consists of subscription fees for our Falcon platform and additional cloud modules that are supported by our cloud-based platform. Subscription revenue is driven primarily by the number of subscription customers, the number of endpoints per customer, and the number of cloud modules included in the subscription. We recognize subscription revenue ratably over the term of the agreement, which is generally one to three years. Because our subscription customers are generally billed upfront, we have recorded significant deferred revenue. Consequently, a substantial portion of the revenue that we report in each period is attributable to the recognition of deferred revenue relating to subscriptions that we entered into during previous periods.

          Professional Services Revenue.    Professional services revenue includes incident response and proactive services, forensic and malware analysis, and attribution analysis. Professional services are generally sold separately from subscriptions to our Falcon platform, although customers frequently enter into a separate arrangement to purchase subscriptions to our Falcon platform at the conclusion of a professional services arrangement. Professional services are available through hourly rate and fixed fee contracts, one-time and ongoing engagements, and retainer-based agreements.

          We recognize revenue when the following criteria are met: (1) persuasive evidence of the contract exists in the form of a written contract, amendments to that contract, or purchase orders

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from a third party; (2) delivery has occurred, or services have been rendered; (3) the price is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured based on customer creditworthiness and history of collection. Revenue for time and materials and retainer-based arrangements is recognized as services are performed. For professional services fixed fee contracts, we recognize revenue by applying the proportional performance method.

Cost of Revenue

          Subscription Cost of Revenue.    Subscription cost of revenue consists primarily of costs related to hosting our cloud-based Falcon platform in data centers, amortization of our capitalized internal-use software, employee-related costs such as salaries, bonuses, stock-based compensation expense, benefits costs associated with our operations and support personnel, software license fees, property and equipment depreciation, and an allocated portion of facilities and administrative costs.

          As new customers subscribe to our platform and existing subscription customers increase the number of endpoints on our Falcon platform, our cost of revenue will increase due to greater cloud hosting costs related to powering new cloud modules and the incremental costs for storing additional data collected for such cloud modules and employee-related costs. We intend to continue to invest additional resources in our cloud platform and our customer support organizations as we grow our business. The level and timing of investment in these areas could affect our cost of revenue in the future.

          Professional Services Cost of Revenue.    Professional services cost of revenue consists primarily of employee-related costs, technology, property and equipment depreciation, and an allocated portion of facilities and administrative costs.

Gross Profit and Gross Margin

          Gross profit and gross margin have been and will continue to be affected by various factors, including the timing of our acquisition of new subscription customers, renewals from existing subscription customers, sales of additional modules to existing subscription customers, the data center and bandwidth costs associated with operating our cloud platform, the extent to which we expand our customer support and cloud operations organizations, and the extent to which we can increase the efficiency of our technology, infrastructure, and data centers through technological improvements. We expect our gross profit to increase in dollar amount and our gross margin to increase modestly over the long term, although our gross margin could fluctuate from period to period depending on the interplay of these factors. Demand for our incident response services is driven by the number of breaches experienced by non-customers. Also, we view our professional services solutions in the context of our larger business and as a significant lead generator for new subscriptions. Because of these factors, our services revenue and gross margin may fluctuate over time.

Operating Expenses

          Our operating expenses consist of sales and marketing, research and development and general administrative expenses. For each of these categories of expense, employee-related expenses are the most significant component, which include salaries, employee benefit costs, bonuses, sales commissions, travel and entertainment related expenses, and stock-based compensation expense. Operating expenses also include an allocated portion of overhead costs for facilities, IT, and depreciation expense.

          Sales and Marketing.    Sales and marketing expenses primarily consist of employee-related expenses. Sales and marketing expenses also include expenses related to our Fal.Con customer

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conference and other marketing events and an allocated portion of facilities and administrative expenses, and cloud hosting and related services costs related to proof of value efforts. Incremental expenses to obtain a subscription contract, such as sales commissions, are capitalized and amortized over the term of the subscription. We currently amortize sales commissions on a straight-line basis to sales and marketing expense over the term of the subscription. Once we adopt ASC 606 in the fiscal year ending January 31, 2020, sales commissions and any other incremental expenses to obtain a subscription and upsells to existing customers that are paid upon the initial acquisition of a subscription will be amortized to sales and marketing expense over the estimated customer life, and any such expenses paid for the renewal of a subscription will be amortized to sales and marketing expense over the term of the renewal.

          We expect sales and marketing expenses to increase in dollar amount as we continue to make significant investments in our sales and marketing organization to drive additional revenue, further penetrate the market, and expand our global customer base.

          Research and Development.    Research and development expenses primarily consist of employee-related expenses, consulting expenses related to the design, development, testing, and enhancements of our subscription services, and an allocated portion of facilities and administrative expenses. Our cloud platform is software-driven, and our research and development teams employ software engineers in the design, and the related development, testing, certification, and support of these solutions.

          We expect research and development expenses to increase in dollar amount as we continue to increase investments in our technology architecture and software platform. However, we anticipate research and development expenses to decrease as a percentage of our total revenue over time, although our research and development expenses may fluctuate as a percentage of our total revenue from period-to-period depending on the timing of these expenses.

          General and Administrative.    General and administrative expenses consist of employee-related expenses and related expenses for our executive, finance, human resources, and legal organizations. In addition, general and administrative expenses include outside legal, accounting, and other professional fees, and an allocated portion of facilities and administrative expenses. Following the completion of this offering, we expect to incur additional expenses as a result of operating as a public company. As a result, we expect our general and administrative expenses to increase in dollar amount. However, we anticipate general and administrative expenses to decrease as a percentage of our total revenue over time.

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Results of Operations

          The following tables set forth our consolidated statements of operations in dollar amounts and as a percentage of total revenue for each period presented:

Fiscal Years Ended January 31, 2018 and 2019

          The following table summarizes our results of operations for fiscal 2018 as compared to fiscal 2019:

 
  Year Ended
January 31,
  Change  
 
  2018   2019   $   %  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

Revenue

                         

Subscription

  $ 92,568   $ 219,401   $ 126,833     137 %

Professional services

    26,184     30,423     4,239     16 %

Total revenue

    118,752     249,824     131,072     110 %

Cost of revenue(1)

                         

Subscription

    39,857     69,208     29,351     74 %

Professional services

    14,629     18,030     3,401     23 %

Total cost of revenue

    54,486     87,238     32,752     60 %

Gross profit

    64,266     162,586     98,320     153 %

Operating expenses

                         

Sales and marketing(1)

    104,277     172,682     68,405     66 %

Research and development(1)

    58,887     84,551     25,664     44 %

General and administrative(1)

    32,542     42,217     9,675     30 %

Total operating expenses

    195,706     299,450     103,744     53 %

Loss from operations

    (131,440 )   (136,864 )   (5,424 )   4 %

Interest expense

    (1,648 )   (428 )   1,220     (74 )%

Other expense, net

    (1,473 )   (1,418 )   55     (4 )%

Loss before provision for income taxes

    (134,561 )   (138,710 )   (4,149 )   3 %

Provision for income taxes

    (929 )   (1,367 )   (438 )   47 %

Net loss

  $ (135,490 ) $ (140,077 ) $ (4,587 )   3 %

(1)
Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:
 
  Year Ended
January 31,
 
 
  2018   2019  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Cost of revenue

  $ 341   $ 894  

Sales and marketing

    1,386     5,175  

Research and development

    3,429     7,815  

General and administrative

    7,187     6,621  

Total stock-based compensation expense

  $ 12,343   $ 20,505  

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          The following table presents the components of our consolidated statements of operations as a percentage of total revenue:

 
  Year Ended
January 31,
 
 
  2018
% Revenue
  2019
% Revenue
 

Revenue

             

Subscription

    78 %   88 %

Professional services

    22 %   12 %

Total revenue

    100 %   100 %

Cost of revenue

             

Subscription

    34 %   28 %

Professional services

    12 %   7 %

Total cost of revenue

    46 %   35 %

Gross profit

    54 %   65 %

Operating expenses

             

Sales and marketing

    88 %   69 %

Research and development

    50 %   34 %

General and administrative

    27 %   17 %

Total operating expenses

    165 %   120 %

Loss from operations

    (111 )%   (55 )%

Interest expense

    (1 )%   0 %

Other income (expense), net

    (1 )%   (1 )%

Loss before provision for income taxes

    (113 )%   (56 )%

Provision for income taxes

    (1 )%   (1 )%

Net loss

    (114 )%   (56 )%

Revenue

          The following is a breakdown of total revenue from subscriptions and professional services for fiscal 2018, as compared to fiscal 2019:

 
  Year Ended
January 31,
  Change  
 
  2018   2019   $   %  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

Subscription

  $ 92,568   $ 219,401   $ 126,833     137 %

Professional services

    26,184     30,423     4,239     16 %

Total revenue

  $ 118,752   $ 249,824   $ 131,072     110 %

          Total revenue increased from $118.8 million for fiscal 2018, to $249.8 million for fiscal 2019. Subscription revenue accounted for 78% of our total revenue for fiscal 2018, and 88% for fiscal 2019. Professional services revenue accounted for 22% of our total revenue for fiscal 2018, and 12% for fiscal 2019.

          The growth in subscription revenue from $92.6 million for fiscal 2018 to $219.4 million for fiscal 2019, a 137% increase, was primarily attributable to the addition of new customers, as we increased our customer base by 103% from 1,242 customers as of January 31, 2018 to 2,516

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customers as of January 31, 2019. Subscription revenue from new customers, subscription revenue from the renewal of existing customers, subscription revenue from the sale of additional endpoints to existing customers, and subscription revenue from the sale of additional modules to existing customers accounted for 59%, 23%, 13%, and 5% of total subscription revenue for fiscal 2019, respectively.

          Professional services revenue grew from $26.2 million for fiscal 2018, to $30.4 million for fiscal 2019, a 16% increase, and was primarily attributable to an increase in the number of professional service hours performed.

Cost of Revenue, Gross Profit, and Gross Margin

          The following is a breakdown of cost of revenue related to subscriptions and professional services for fiscal 2018, as compared to fiscal 2019:

 
  Year Ended
January 31,
  Change  
 
  2018   2019   $   %  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

Subscription

  $ 39,857   $ 69,208   $ 29,351     74 %

Professional services

    14,629     18,030     3,401     23 %

Total cost of revenue

  $ 54,486   $ 87,238   $ 32,752     60 %

          Total cost of revenue increased from $54.5 million for the fiscal 2018 to $87.2 million for fiscal 2019. Subscription cost of revenue increased from $39.9 million for fiscal 2018, to $69.2 million for fiscal 2019, a 74% increase. The increase in subscription cost of revenue was primarily due to an increase of $11.0 million in cloud hosting and related services, an increase in employee-related expenses of $7.9 million, which includes an increase of $0.6 million in stock-based compensation expense, driven by an increase in average headcount of 151%, an increase in depreciation of data center equipment of $3.7 million, an increase in amortization of internal-use software of $2.0 million, an increase in allocated overhead costs of $1.7 million, and an increase in software license fees of $1.3 million.

          Professional services cost of revenue increased from $14.6 million for fiscal 2018, to $18.0 million for the fiscal 2019, a 23% increase. The increase in professional services cost of revenue was primarily due to an increase in employee-related expenses of $1.9 million driven by an increase in average headcount of 37%, a $0.6 million increase in travel-related costs, an increase of $0.5 million in allocated overhead costs, and a $0.4 million increase in consulting costs.

          The following is a breakdown of gross profit and gross margin for subscriptions and professional services for fiscal 2018 compared to fiscal 2019.

 
  Year Ended
January 31,
  Change  
 
  2018   2019   $   %  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

Subscription gross profit

  $ 52,711   $ 150,193   $ 97,482     185 %

Professional services gross profit

    11,555     12,393     838     7 %

Total gross profit

  $ 64,266   $ 162,586   $ 98,320     153 %

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  Year Ended
January 31,
   
 
 
  Increase
(Decrease)
%
 
 
  2018   2019  

Subscription gross margin

    57 %   68 %   20 %

Professional services gross margin

    44 %   41 %   (8 )%

Total gross margin

    54 %   65 %   20 %

          Subscription gross margin increased from 57% for fiscal 2018, to 68% for fiscal 2019. This increase was a result of moving more of our operations to colocation data centers from third-party cloud service providers and renegotiating the terms of a third-party cloud service provider contract. This increase in gross margin was also due to incentivizing our sales team to drive higher margin subscriptions and efforts to optimize our channel partner programs. Professional services gross margin decreased from 44% for fiscal 2018, to 41% for fiscal 2019, primarily due to the lower utilization of professional services personnel. The timing of professional services engagements is highly variable and can result in fluctuations in gross margin on professional services.

Operating Expenses

Sales and Marketing

          The following is a breakdown of sales and marketing expenses for fiscal 2018, as compared to fiscal 2019:

 
  Year Ended
January 31,
  Change  
 
  2018   2019   $   %  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

Sales and marketing expenses

  $ 104,277   $ 172,682   $ 68,405     66 %

          Sales and marketing expenses increased from $104.3 million for fiscal 2018, to $172.7 million for fiscal 2019, a 66% increase. The increase in sales and marketing expenses was primarily due to an increase in employee-related expenses of $48.6 million, which includes an increase in stock-based compensation expense of $3.8 million, driven by an increase in average sales and marketing headcount of 73%, an increase in marketing programs of $7.4 million, an increase in allocated overhead costs of $7.1 million, an increase in travel-related costs of $3.4 million, and an increase in cloud hosting and related services of $0.9 million.

Research and Development

          The following is a breakdown of research and development expenses for fiscal 2018, as compared to fiscal 2019:

 
  Year Ended
January 31,
  Change  
 
  2018   2019   $   %  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

Research and development expenses

  $ 58,887   $ 84,551   $ 25,664     44 %

          Research and development expenses increased from $58.9 million for fiscal 2018, to $84.6 million for fiscal 2019, a 44% increase. This increase was primarily due to an increase in employee-related expenses of $19.5 million, which includes an increase of $4.4 million in stock-based compensation expense, driven by an increase in average research and development headcount of 36%. In addition, there was a $3.3 million increase in allocated overhead costs, an increase in cloud hosting and related costs of $3.1 million, and an increase in travel-related costs of $0.6 million, partially offset by a decrease in contract labor and consulting expenses of $1.9 million.

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General and Administrative

          The following is a breakdown of general and administrative expenses for fiscal 2018, as compared to fiscal 2019:

 
  Year Ended
January 31,
  Change  
 
  2018   2019   $   %  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

General and administrative expenses

  $ 32,542   $ 42,217   $ 9,675     30 %

          General and administrative expenses increased from $32.5 million for fiscal 2018, to $42.2 million for fiscal 2019, a 30% increase. The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily due to an increase in employee-related expenses of $3.9 million which includes a decrease of $0.9 million in stock-based compensation, driven by an increase in average general and administrative headcount of 59%. In addition, there was a $3.2 million increase in legal and accounting fees, a $1.2 million increased in allocated overhead costs, and a $0.8 million increase in software licensing fees.

Interest and Other Expense, Net

          The following is a breakdown of interest and other expense, net, for fiscal 2018, as compared to fiscal 2019:

 
  Year Ended
January 31,
  Change  
 
  2018   2019   $   %  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

Interest expense

  $ 1,648   $ 428   $ (1,220 )   (74) %

Other expense, net

  $ 1,473   $ 1,418   $ (55 )   (4) %

          The decrease in interest expense of $1.2 million was driven primarily by a decrease in the amounts borrowed during fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018. Other expense, net, decreased $0.1 million, which was driven primarily by an increase in the fair value of the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants of $3.3 million, offset by an increase in interest income of $2.4 million and a decrease in the amortization of debt issuance costs of $1.0 million.

Provision for Income Taxes

          The following is a breakdown of the provision for income taxes for fiscal 2018, as compared to fiscal 2019:

 
  Year Ended
January 31,
  Change  
 
  2018   2019   $   %  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

Provision for income taxes

  $ 929   $ 1,367   $ 438     47 %

          The increase in the provision for income taxes was driven primarily by an increase in international income tax expense due to increased activity in several countries during fiscal 2019.

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Fiscal Years Ended January 31, 2017 and 2018

          The following table summarizes our results of operations for fiscal 2017 compared to fiscal 2018:

 
  Year Ended January 31,   Change  
 
  2017   2018   $   %  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

Revenue

                         

Subscription

  $ 37,895   $ 92,568   $ 54,673     144 %

Professional services

    14,850     26,184     11,334     76 %

Total revenue

    52,745     118,752     66,007     125 %

Cost of revenue(1)

                         

Subscription

    24,378     39,857     15,479     63 %

Professional services

    9,628     14,629     5,001     52 %

Total cost of revenue

    34,006     54,486     20,480     60 %

Gross profit

    18,739     64,266     45,527     243 %

Operating expenses

                         

Sales and marketing(1)

    53,748     104,277     50,529     94 %

Research and development(1)

    39,145     58,887     19,742     50 %

General and administrative(1)

    16,402     32,542     16,140     98 %

Total operating expenses

    109,295     195,706     86,411     79 %

Loss from operations

    (90,556 )   (131,440 )   (40,884 )   45 %

Interest expense

    (615 )   (1,648 )   (1,033 )   168 %

Other income (expense), net

    (82 )   (1,473 )   (1,391 )   1,696 %

Loss before provision for income taxes

    (91,253 )   (134,561 )   (43,308 )   47 %

Provision for income taxes

    (87 )   (929 )   (842 )   968 %

Net loss

  $ (91,340 ) $ (135,490 ) $ (44,150 )   48 %

(1)
Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:
 
  Year Ended
January 31,
 
 
  2017   2018  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Cost of revenue

  $ 91   $ 341  

Sales and marketing

    638     1,386  

Research and development

    561     3,429  

General and administrative

    704     7,187  

Total stock-based compensation expense

  $ 1,994   $ 12,343  

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  Year Ended
January 31,
 
 
  2017
% Revenue
  2018
% Revenue
 

Revenue

             

Subscription

    72 %   78 %

Professional services

    28 %   22 %

Total revenue

    100 %   100 %

Cost of revenue

             

Subscription

    46 %   34 %

Professional services

    18 %   12 %

Total cost of revenue

    64 %   46 %

Gross profit

    36 %   54 %

Operating expenses

             

Sales and marketing

    102 %   88 %

Research and development

    74 %   50 %

General and administrative

    31 %   27 %

Total operating expenses

    207 %   165 %

Loss from operations

    (172 )%   (111 )%

Interest expense

    (1 )%   (1 )%

Other income (expense), net

    (0 )%   (1 )%

Loss before provision for income taxes

    (173 )%   (113 )%

Provision for income taxes

    (0 )%   (1 )%

Net loss

    (173 )%   (114 )%

Revenue

          The following is a breakdown of total revenue from subscriptions and professional services for fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2018:

 
  Year Ended
January 31,
  Change  
 
  2017   2018   $   %  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

Subscription

  $ 37,895   $ 92,568   $ 54,673     144 %

Professional services

    14,850     26,184     11,334     76 %

Total revenue

  $ 52,745   $ 118,752   $ 66,007     125 %

          Total revenue increased from $52.7 million for fiscal 2017 to $118.8 million for fiscal 2018. Subscription revenue accounted for 72% of our total revenue for fiscal 2017 and 78% for fiscal 2018. Professional services revenue accounted for 28% of our total revenue for fiscal 2017 and 22% for fiscal 2018. The growth in subscription revenue from $37.9 million for fiscal 2017 to $92.6 million for fiscal 2018, a 144% increase, was primarily attributable to the addition of new customers, as we increased our subscription customer base from 450 at the end of fiscal 2017 to 1,242 at the end of fiscal 2018, a 176% increase. Subscription revenue from new customers, subscription revenue from the renewal of existing customers, subscription revenue from the sale of additional endpoints to existing customers, and subscription revenue from the sale of additional modules to existing customers accounted for 74%, 14%, 9%, and 3% of total subscription revenue for fiscal 2018, respectively.

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          Professional services revenue grew from $14.9 million for fiscal 2017 to $26.2 million for fiscal 2018, a 76% year-over-year increase, and was primarily attributable to an increase in the number of professional service hours performed.

Cost of Revenue, Gross Profit, and Gross Margin

          The following is a breakdown of cost of revenue related to subscriptions and professional services for fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2018:

 
  Year Ended
January 31,
  Change  
 
  2017   2018   $   %  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

Subscription

  $ 24,378   $ 39,857   $ 15,479     63 %

Professional services

    9,628     14,629     5,001     52 %

Total cost of revenue

  $ 34,006   $ 54,486   $ 20,480     60 %

          Total cost of revenue increased from $34.0 million for fiscal 2017 to $54.5 million for fiscal 2018. Subscription cost of revenue increased from $24.4 million for fiscal 2017 to $39.9 million for fiscal 2018, a 63% increase. The increase in subscription cost of revenue was primarily due to an increase of $9.2 million in cloud hosting and related services, an increase in employee-related expenses of $3.4 million driven by an increase in average headcount of 75%, an increase in amortization of internal-use software of $1.6 million, and an increase of $1.2 million in allocated overhead costs.

          Professional services cost of revenue increased from $9.6 million for fiscal 2017 to $14.6 million for fiscal 2018, a 52% increase. The increase in professional services cost of revenue was primarily due to an increase in employee-related expenses of $3.0 million driven by an increase in average headcount of 22% for fiscal 2018 compared to fiscal 2017. Of this $3.0 million, $1.1 million was attributable to an increase in employee bonus expense, which was driven by the 76% increase in professional services revenue for fiscal 2018 compared to fiscal 2017. In addition, there was an increase of $1.0 million in allocated overhead costs and $0.6 million increase in consulting costs as we used more third-party contractors to deliver our services.

 
  Year Ended
January 31,
  Change  
 
  2017   2018   $   %  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

Subscription gross profit

  $ 13,517   $ 52,711   $ 39,194     290 %

Professional services gross profit

    5,222     11,555     6,333     121 %

Total gross profit

  $ 18,739   $ 64,266   $ 45,527     243 %

 

 
  Year Ended
January 31,
 
 
  2017   2018  

Subscription gross margin

    36 %   57 %

Professional services gross margin

    35 %   44 %

Total gross margin

    36 %   54 %

          Subscription gross margin increased from 36% for fiscal 2017 to 57% for fiscal 2018. This increase was a result of moving more of our operations to colocation data centers from third-party cloud service providers and renegotiating the terms of a third-party cloud service provider contract. This increase in gross margin was also due to incentivizing our sales team to drive higher margin

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subscriptions and efforts to optimize our channel partner programs. Subscription gross margin also improved as a result of the purchase of additional cloud modules by existing customers, as such additional cloud modules are typically not associated with significant additional direct costs. Professional services gross margin increased from 35% for fiscal 2017 to 44% for fiscal 2018 as a result of the increase in the number of professional services hours performed in fiscal 2018.

Operating Expenses

Sales and Marketing

          The following is a breakdown of sales and marketing expenses for fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2018:

 
  Year Ended
January 31,
  Change  
 
  2017   2018   $   %  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

Sales and marketing expenses

  $ 53,748   $ 104,277   $ 50,529     94 %

          Sales and marketing expenses increased from $53.7 million for fiscal 2017 to $104.3 million for fiscal 2018, a 94% increase. The increase in sales and marketing expenses was primarily due to an increase in employee-related expenses of $32.9 million driven by an increase in average sales and marketing headcount of 106% for fiscal 2018 compared to fiscal 2017 and an increase in sales commission expense of $12.4 million. In addition, there was an increase of $7.7 million in allocated overhead costs, an increase of $4.0 million in marketing program expenses including costs incurred for Fal.Con, our first user conference, an increase in travel-related costs of $3.1 million, and an increase of $1.9 million in contract labor and consulting costs.

Research and Development

          The following is a breakdown of research and development expenses for fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2018:

 
  Year Ended
January 31,
  Change  
 
  2017   2018   $   %  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

Research and development expenses

  $ 39,145   $ 58,887   $ 19,742     50 %

          Research and development expenses increased from $39.1 million for fiscal 2017 to $58.9 million for fiscal 2018, a 50% increase. This increase was primarily due to an increase in employee-related expenses of $14.0 million, which includes an increase of $2.9 million in stock-based compensation expense, driven by an increase in average research and development headcount of 40% for fiscal 2018 compared to fiscal 2017. In addition, there was an increase of $2.6 million in allocated overhead costs, an increase of $2.4 million in cloud hosting and related services, and an increase of $1.0 million in contract labor and consulting costs, partially offset by an increase in internal-use software capitalization of $1.5 million.

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General and Administrative

          The following is a breakdown of general and administrative expenses for fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2018:

 
  Year Ended
January 31,
  Change  
 
  2017   2018   $   %  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

General and administrative expenses

  $ 16,402   $ 32,542   $ 16,140     98 %

          General and administrative expenses increased from $16.4 million for fiscal 2017 to $32.5 million for fiscal 2018, a 98% increase. The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily due to an increase in employee-related expenses of $9.1 million, which includes an increase of $6.3 million in stock-based compensation expense, driven by an increase in average general and administrative headcount of 78% for fiscal 2018 compared to fiscal 2017. In addition, there was an increase of $3.7 million in legal and accounting fees, an increase of $0.7 million in allocated overhead costs, an increase of $0.5 million in contract labor and consulting costs, an increase of $0.4 million in recruiting costs, an increase of $0.4 million in bad debt expense, and an increase of $0.4 million in finance charges.

Interest and Other Expense, Net

          The following is a breakdown of interest and other expense, net, for fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2018:

 
  Year Ended
January 31,
  Change  
 
  2017   2018   $   %  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

Interest expense

  $ 615   $ 1,648   $ 1,033     168 %

Other expense, net

  $ 82   $ 1,473   $ 1,391     1,696 %

          The increase in interest expense was driven primarily by an increase in amounts borrowed during fiscal 2018 compared to fiscal 2017. The increase in other expense, net was primarily driven by a $1.1 million increase in the amortization of our debt issuance costs due to the termination of our loan agreement during fiscal 2018, as discussed below in the section titled "—Debt Obligations."

Provision for Income Taxes

          The following is a breakdown of the provision for income taxes for the years ended fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2018:

 
  Year Ended
January 31,
  Change  
 
  2017   2018   $   %  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

Provision for income taxes

  $ 87   $ 929   $ 842     968 %

          The increase in the provision for income taxes was driven primarily by an increase in international income tax expense due to our expansion into several new countries during fiscal 2018.

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Quarterly Results of Operations

          The following table sets forth our unaudited quarterly statements of operations data for each of the quarters indicated. The unaudited quarterly statements of operations data set forth below have been prepared on the same basis as our audited consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, that are necessary for the fair statement of such data. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected in the future, and the results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for a full year or any other period. The following quarterly financial data should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 
  Three Months Ended  
 
  January 31,
2018
  April 30,
2018
  July 31,
2018
  October 31,
2018
  January 31,
2019
 
 
  (in thousands)
 

Revenue

                               

Subscription

  $ 32,494   $ 39,758   $ 49,161   $ 57,651   $ 72,831  

Professional services

    6,223     7,531     6,540     8,728     7,624  

Total revenue

    38,717     47,289     55,701     66,379     80,455  

Cost of revenue(1)

                               

Subscription

    14,357     15,171     14,604     17,302     22,131  

Professional services

    4,813     4,223     3,971     4,972     4,864  

Total cost of revenue

    19,170     19,394     18,575     22,274     26,995  

Gross profit

    19,547     27,895     37,126     44,105     53,460  

Operating expenses

                               

Sales and marketing(1)

    34,265     36,617     40,113     46,614     49,338  

Research and development(1)

    15,928     17,615     18,963     25,968     22,005  

General and administrative(1)

    6,121     6,777     8,477     13,614     13,349  

Total operating expenses

    56,314     61,009     67,553     86,196     84,692  

Loss from operations

    (36,767 )   (33,114 )   (30,427 )   (42,091 )   (31,232 )

Interest expense

    (190 )   (192 )   (236 )        

Other expense, net

    (53 )   (190 )   (1,852 )   303     321  

Loss before provision for income taxes

    (37,010 )   (33,496 )   (32,515 )   (41,788 )   (30,911 )

Provision for income taxes

    (483 )   (121 )   (362 )   (535 )   (349 )

Net loss

  $ (37,493 ) $ (33,617 ) $ (32,877 ) $ (42,323 ) $ (31,260 )

(1)
Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:


 
  Three Months Ended  
 
  January 31,
2018
  April 30,
2018
  July 31,
2018
  October 31,
2018
  January 31,
2019
 
 
  (in thousands)
 

Cost of revenue

  $ 258   $ 109   $ 145   $ 435   $ 205  

Sales and marketing

    438     773     1,031     2,137     1,234  

Research and development

    401     448     539     6,245     583  

General and administrative

    239     389     509     4,643     1,080  

Total stock-based compensation expense

  $ 1,336   $ 1,719   $ 2,224   $ 13,460   $ 3,102  

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Percentage of Revenue Data

          The following table presents the components of our statement of operations as a percentage of total revenue for each of the quarters indicated:

 
  Three Months Ended  
 
  January 31,
2018
  April 30,
2018
  July 31,
2018
  October 31,
2018
  January 31,
2019
 

Revenue

                               

Subscription

    84 %   84 %   88 %   87 %   91 %

Professional services

    16 %   16 %   12 %   13 %   9 %

Total revenue

    100 %   100 %   100 %   100 %   100 %

Cost of revenue

                               

Subscription

    38 %   32 %   26 %   27 %   28 %

Professional services

    12 %   9 %   7 %   7 %   6 %

Total cost of revenue

    50 %   41 %   33 %   34 %   34 %

Gross margin

    50 %   59 %   67 %   66 %   66 %

Operating expenses

                               

Sales and marketing

    88 %   78 %   73 %   69 %   61 %

Research and development

    41 %   38 %   34 %   39 %   27 %

General and administrative

    16 %   14 %   15 %   21 %   17 %

Total operating expenses

    145 %   130 %   122 %   129 %   105 %

Loss from operations

    (95 )%   (70 )%   (55 )%   (63 )%   (39 )%

Interest expense

    (0 )%   (0 )%   (0 )%   %   %

Other expense, net

    (0 )%   (0 )%   (3 )%   0 %   0 %

Loss before provision for income taxes

    (95 )%   (71 )%   (58 )%   (63 )%   (39 )%

Provision for income taxes

    (2 )%   (0 )%   (1 )%   (1 )%   (0 )%

Net loss

    (97 )%   (71 )%   (59 )%   (64 )%   (39 )%

Quarterly Revenue Trends

          Total revenue increased sequentially in each of the quarters presented primarily due to our addition of new customers, as well as sales of additional endpoints and modules to existing customers. We typically receive a higher percentage of our annual orders from new customers, as well as renewal orders from existing customers, in our fourth fiscal quarter as compared to other quarters due to the annual budget approval process of many of our customers. However, because we recognize revenue ratably over the term of our subscription contracts, a substantial portion of the revenue that we report in each period is attributable to orders that we received during previous periods. Consequently, increases or decreases in new sales or renewals in any one period may not be immediately reflected in our revenue for that period and may negatively affect our revenue in future periods. Accordingly, the effect of downturns in sales and market acceptance of our cloud platform, and potential changes in our rate of renewals, may not be fully reflected in our results of operations until future periods. Professional services revenue is dependent upon the number of hours performed in a quarter and can vary from period to period.

Quarterly Cost of Revenue Trends

          Total cost of revenue increased sequentially in each of the quarters presented except for the three months ended July 31, 2018, when it decreased. The increases were primarily driven by expanded use of our cloud platform by existing and new customers, which resulted in increased

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data center costs, and due to an expansion in our customer support and cloud operations organizations to support our growth. These increases were tempered by cost savings as a result of moving more of our operations to colocation data centers from third-party cloud service providers and renegotiating the terms of a third-party cloud service provider contract, which changes primarily impacted total cost of revenue in the three months ended July 31, 2018.

Quarterly Gross Margin Trends

          The overall increase in gross margin over the course of the periods presented was enabled primarily by an increase in our revenue and, to a lesser extent, by the increased efficiency of our technology, infrastructure, and data centers through technological improvements, even as our customers expanded their use of our cloud platform. The increase in gross margin during the quarters presented was the result of moving more of our operations to colocation data centers from third-party cloud service providers and renegotiating the terms of a third-party cloud service provider contract. The increase in gross margin was also due to incentivizing our sales team to drive higher margin subscriptions and efforts to optimize our channel partner programs.

Quarterly Expense Trends

          Operating expenses generally have increased sequentially in every fiscal quarter primarily due to increases in employee related expenses associated with increases in our headcount to support our growth. We intend to continue to make significant investments in our sales and marketing organization, and sales and marketing expenses increased as we expanded our sales team to acquire new customers. We also intend to invest in research and development efforts to add new features to and enhance the functionality of our existing cloud platform, and to ensure the reliability, availability, and scalability of our solutions.

          The increase in sales and marketing, research and development, and general and administrative expenses during the three months ended October 31, 2018 was primarily due to an increase of $1.0 million, $5.7 million, and $3.9 million, respectively, in stock-based compensation expense primarily from the third-party tender offer transaction that was executed among certain of our employees and directors and certain of our stockholders described in the section titled "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Right of First Refusal." General and administrative expenses increased in recent fiscal quarters due to costs related to ongoing legal matters and preparing to be a public company, particularly during the three months ended January 31, 2019. We expect such costs to continue to increase for the foreseeable future.

          The increase in other expense, net during the three months ended July 31, 2018 was due to an increase in the fair value of our redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants of $2.1 million.


Liquidity and Capital Resources

          To date, we have financed our operations principally through private placements of our equity securities, payments received from customers using our Falcon platform and professional services, and borrowings under our credit facility. As of January 31, 2019, we had cash equivalents, consisting of money market funds and corporate debt securities, of $70.1 million and marketable securities, consisting of corporate debt securities and U.S. treasury securities, of $103.2 million. Our cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of highly liquid investments. Since our inception, we have generated operating losses, as reflected in our accumulated deficit of $519.1 million as of January 31, 2019, and negative cash flows from operations. We expect to continue to incur operating losses and generate negative cash flows from operations for the foreseeable future due to the investments we intend to continue to make in sales and marketing and research and development, and due to additional general and administrative costs we expect to incur as a public

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company. As a result, we may require additional capital resources to execute strategic initiatives to grow our business.

          We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities will be sufficient to fund our operating and capital needs for at least the next 12 months. This assessment is a forward-looking statement and involves risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could vary because of, and our future capital requirements will depend on, many factors, including our growth rate, the timing and extent of spending to support the expansion of our sales and marketing team, our research and development efforts, international operating activities, the timing of any new module deployments, and the continuing market acceptance of our Falcon platform. We may in the future enter into arrangements to acquire or invest in complementary businesses, services, and technologies, including intellectual property rights, which could decrease our cash and cash equivalents and increase our cash requirements. As a result of these and other factors, we may be required to seek additional equity or debt financing sooner than we currently anticipate. If additional financing is required from outside sources, we may not be able to raise it on terms acceptable to us, or at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital when required, or if we cannot expand our operations or otherwise capitalize on our business opportunities because we lack sufficient capital, our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be adversely affected.

          We typically invoice our subscription customers annually in advance. Therefore, a substantial source of our cash is from such prepayments, which are included on our consolidated balance sheets as deferred revenue. Deferred revenue consists of billed fees for our subscriptions, prior to satisfying the criteria for revenue recognition, which are subsequently recognized as revenue in accordance with our revenue recognition policy. As of January 31, 2019, we had deferred revenue of $290.1 million, of which $218.7 million was recorded as a current liability and is expected to be recorded as revenue in the next 12 months, provided all other revenue recognition criteria have been met.

Cash Flows

          The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented:

 
  Year Ended January 31,  
 
  2017   2018   2019  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Net cash used in operating activities

  $ (51,998 ) $ (58,766 ) $ (22,968 )

Net cash used in investing activities

    (11,854 )   (28,330 )   (142,030 )

Net cash provided by financing activities

    17,460     126,831     190,389  

Operating Activities

          Net cash used in operating activities during fiscal 2019 was $23.0 million, which resulted from a net loss of $140.1 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $67.8 million and net cash inflow of $49.3 million from changes in operating assets and liabilities. Non-cash charges primarily consisted of $28.6 million of amortization of deferred commissions, $20.5 million in stock-based compensation expense, $14.8 million of depreciation and amortization, and $3.6 million due to the change in the fair value of our redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability. The net cash inflow from changes in operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a $131.1 million increase in deferred revenue, partially offset by a $45.1 million increase in deferred commissions, and a $33.4 million increase in accounts receivable.

          Net cash used in operating activities during fiscal 2018 was $58.8 million, which resulted from a net loss of $135.5 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $34.3 million and net cash inflow of $42.4 million from changes in operating assets and liabilities. Non-cash charges primarily consisted

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of $12.5 million of amortization of deferred commissions, $12.3 million of stock-based compensation expense, and $7.1 million of depreciation and amortization. The net cash inflow from changes in operating assets and liabilities was primarily the result of an $82.2 million increase in deferred revenue from advance invoicing in accordance with our subscriptions and a $23.7 million increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses, partially offset by a $25.3 million increase in deferred commissions and an increase in accounts receivable of $35.3 million.

          Net cash used in operating activities during fiscal 2017 was $52.0 million, which resulted from a net loss of $91.3 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $10.3 million, and net cash inflow of $29.0 million from changes in operating assets and liabilities. Non-cash charges primarily consisted of $5.1 million of amortization of deferred commissions, $2.9 million of depreciation and amortization, and $2.0 million of stock-based compensation expense. The net cash inflow from changes in operating assets and liabilities was primarily the result of a $37.3 million increase in deferred revenue from advance invoicing in accordance with our subscriptions and a $5.3 million increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses, partially offset by a $9.4 million increase in deferred commissions and an increase in accounts receivable of $8.5 million.

Investing Activities

          Net cash used in investing activities during fiscal 2019 of $142.0 million was primarily due to purchases of marketable securities of $199.3 million, purchases of property and equipment of $35.9 million, and capitalized internal-use software of $6.8 million, partially offset by maturities of marketable securities of $100.0 million.

          Net cash used in investing activities during fiscal 2018 of $28.3 million was primarily due to purchases of property and equipment of $22.9 million, capitalization of internal-use software of $6.5 million, cash used in business combinations of $6.5 million, and the purchase of marketable securities of $9.6 million, partially offset by maturities of marketable securities of $17.5 million.

          Net cash used in investing activities during fiscal 2017 of $11.9 million was primarily due to purchases of property and equipment of $6.6 million and capitalization of internal-use software of $5.6 million. Most of these capital expenditures were related to developing and expanding our colocation centers for our cloud platform.

Financing Activities

          Net cash provided by financing activities of $190.4 million during fiscal 2019 was primarily due to $206.9 million in net proceeds from the issuance of our Series E redeemable convertible preferred stock, $10.0 million in proceeds from our revolving line of credit, and $3.9 million from the exercise of stock options, partially offset by a repayment on our line of credit of $20.0 million, a repayment on our outstanding bank loan of $6.2 million, the repurchase of stock options of $2.3 million, and payments of indemnity holdback and contingent consideration of $2.1 million.

          Net cash provided by financing activities of $126.8 million during fiscal 2018 was primarily due to $130.4 million in net proceeds from the issuance of shares of our Series D and Series D-1 redeemable convertible preferred stock, $10.0 million in proceeds from our revolving line of credit, $3.7 million from the exercise of stock options, and the repayment of notes receivable from related parties of $2.4 million, partially offset by a repayment on our outstanding bank loan of $19.3 million.

          Net cash provided by financing activities of $17.5 million during fiscal 2017 was primarily due to $19.3 million in proceeds from our credit facility, partially offset by repayment of $2.4 million for that facility.

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Debt Obligations

Secured Revolving Credit Facility

          In April 2019, we entered into a Credit Agreement with Silicon Valley Bank and the other lenders party thereto, providing us with a revolving line of credit of up to $150.0 million, including a letter of credit sub-facility in the aggregate amount of $10.0 million, and a swingline sub-facility in the aggregate amount of $10.0 million. We also have the option to request an incremental facility of up to an additional $75.0 million from one or more of the lenders under the Credit Agreement. The amount that we may borrow under the Credit Agreement may not exceed the lesser of $150.0 million and our ordinary course recurring subscription revenue for the most recent month, as determined under the Credit Agreement, multiplied by a number that is (i) 6, for the first year after entry into the Credit Agreement; (ii) 5, for the second year after entry into the Credit Agreement; and (iii) 4, thereafter. Under the terms of the Credit Agreement, revolving loans may be either Eurodollar Loans or ABR Loans. Outstanding Eurodollar Loans incur interest at the Eurodollar Rate, which is defined in the Credit Agreement as LIBOR (or any successor thereto), plus a margin between 2.75% and 3.25%, depending on usage. Outstanding ABR Loans incur interest at the highest of (a) the Prime Rate, as published by the Wall Street Journal, (b) the federal funds rate in effect for such day plus 0.50%, and (c) the Eurodollar Rate plus 1.00%, in each case plus a margin between 1.75% and 2.25%, depending on usage. The applicable margin for Eurodollar Loans and ABR Loans will be reduced by 0.25% upon the completion of an initial public offering of at least $100.0 million in gross proceeds. We will be charged a commitment fee of 0.2% to 0.3% per year for committed but unused amounts. The Credit Agreement will terminate on April 19, 2022.

          The Credit Agreement is collateralized by substantially all of our current and future property, rights, and assets, including, but not limited to, intellectual property, cash, goods, equipment, contractual rights, financial assets, and intangible assets of us and our subsidiaries. The Credit Agreement contains covenants limiting our ability and the ability of our subsidiaries to, among other things, dispose of assets, undergo a change in control, merge or consolidate, make acquisitions, incur debt, incur liens, pay dividends, repurchase stock, and make investments, in each case subject to certain exceptions. The Credit Agreement also contains financial covenants that require us to maintain the year-over-year growth rate of our ordinary course recurring subscription revenue above specified rates and to maintain minimum liquidity at specified levels. We were in compliance with all covenants as of April 30, 2019. The Credit Agreement contains events of default that include, among others, non-payment of principal, interest, or fees, breach of covenants, inaccuracy of representations and warranties, cross defaults to certain other indebtedness, bankruptcy and insolvency events, and material judgments.

          No amounts were outstanding under the Credit Agreement as of April 30, 2019.

Loan and Security Agreement

          In January 2015, we entered into a Loan and Security Agreement with Silicon Valley Bank, which was subsequently amended and restated in March 2017, providing us with the ability to borrow up to $10.0 million from a term loan and $20.0 million from a revolving line of credit. As of January 31, 2018, we owed $6.2 million on the term loan. Interest expense on the term loan was $0.4 million, $0.3 million, and $0.1 million for fiscal 2017, fiscal 2018, and fiscal 2019, respectively. As of January 31, 2018, we had drawn $10.0 million against the revolving line of credit. In July 2018, we voluntarily repaid the outstanding principal balance of the revolving line of credit and no further amounts were outstanding as of January 31, 2019. The carrying amount of the revolving line of credit, net of debt issuance costs of $0.2 million, was $9.8 million as of January 31, 2018. Outstanding principal amounts on the revolving line of credit incurred interest at the Prime Rate, as published by the Wall Street Journal. Interest expense on the revolving line of credit was $0.4 million and $0.3 million for fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2019, respectively. In April 2019, the Loan and Security Agreement was terminated in connection with our entrance into the Credit Agreement.

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          Pursuant to the Loan and Security Agreement, in January 2015, we issued Silicon Valley Bank a warrant to purchase 170,818 shares of our Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock at an exercise price of $1.405 per share. In March 2017, as part of the Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, we issued Silicon Valley Bank a warrant to purchase up to 66,225 shares of Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock at an exercise price of $4.53 per share. Neither of the warrants have been exercised.

Growth Capital Loan and Security Agreement

          In December 2016, we entered into a Growth Capital Loan and Security Agreement with TriplePoint Venture Growth BDC Corp. providing us the ability to borrow up to an aggregate principal amount of $40.0 million in a growth capital term loan. The agreement was collateralized by our personal property, including but not limited to cash, goods, equipment, contractual rights, financial assets, and intangible assets. Draws on the growth capital term loan were payable as interest-only at the Prime Rate, as published by the Wall Street Journal (not to be less than 3.5%), plus 7.75% per month through December 31, 2018, followed by 24 months of principal and accrued interest.

          The Growth Capital Loan and Security Agreement contained customary affirmative covenants and customary negative covenants limiting our ability and the ability of our subsidiaries to, among other things, dispose of assets, undergo a change in control, merge or consolidate, make acquisitions, incur debt, incur liens, pay dividends, repurchase stock, and make investments, in each case subject to certain exceptions. The Growth Capital Loan and Security Agreement contained customary events of default that included, among others, non-payment of principal, interest, or fees, breach of covenants, inaccuracy of representations and warranties, cross defaults to certain other indebtedness, bankruptcy and insolvency events, material judgments, and events constituting a change in control.

          As part of the Growth Capital Loan and Security Agreement, in December 2016 we issued TriplePoint Venture Growth BDC Corp. a warrant to purchase 99,343 shares of our Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock at an exercise price of $4.53 per share. The warrant has not been exercised.

          As of January 31, 2017, we owed $19.1 million on the Growth Capital Loan and Security Agreement. In June 2017, we voluntarily repaid the outstanding principal balance of $19.1 million and terminated the facility. Interest expense was $0.2 million and $1.0 million for fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2018, respectively.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

          The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of January 31, 2019 and the years in which these obligations are due:

 
   
  Payments Due by Period  
 
  Total   Less than
1 year
  1 - 3 years   3 - 5 years   Thereafter  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Operating leases(1)

  $ 24,953   $ 5,661   $ 10,380   $ 7,245   $ 1,667  

Data center commitments(2)

    180,818     52,642     113,008     14,551     617  

Other purchase obligations(3)

    19,152     14,517     4,635          

Fair value of contingent consideration(4)

    474     227     247          

Total

  $ 225,397   $ 73,047   $ 128,270   $ 21,796   $ 2,284  

(1)
Relates to our facilities worldwide.

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(2)
Relates to non-cancelable commitments to data center vendors.
(3)
Relates to non-cancelable purchase commitments with various parties to purchase products and services entered into in the normal course of business.
(4)
Relates to business combinations. See Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

          The above table does not reflect commitments of an additional $40.0 million of non-cancelable purchase commitments under an amendment to an agreement with a data center provider entered into in April 2019.

Indemnification

          Our subscription agreements contain standard indemnification obligations. Pursuant to these agreements, we will indemnify, defend, and hold the other party harmless with respect to a claim, suit, or proceeding brought against the other party by a third party alleging that our intellectual property infringes upon the intellectual property of the third party, or results from a breach of our representations and warranties or covenants, or that results from any acts of negligence or willful misconduct. The term of these indemnification agreements is generally perpetual any time after the execution of the agreement. Typically, these indemnification provisions do not provide for a maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required to make. However, in the past we have not been obligated to make significant payments for these obligations and no liabilities have been recorded for these obligations on our consolidated balance sheet as of January 31, 2018 or January 31, 2019.

          We also indemnify our officers and directors for certain events or occurrences, subject to certain limits, while the officer is or was serving at our request in such capacity. The maximum amount of potential future indemnification is unlimited. However, our director and officer insurance policy limits our exposure and enables us to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. Historically, we have not been obligated to make any payments for these obligations and no liabilities have been recorded for these obligations on our consolidated balance sheet as of January 31, 2018 or January 31, 2019.


Backlog

          We enter into both single and multi-year subscription contracts for our solutions. We generally invoice the entire amount at contract signing prior to commencement of subscription period. Until such time as these amounts are invoiced, they are not recorded in deferred revenue or elsewhere in our consolidated financial statements, and are considered by us to be backlog. As of January 31, 2018 and January 31, 2019, we had backlog of approximately $29.5 million and $55.6 million, respectively. Of the backlog of $55.6 million as of January 31, 2019, approximately $23.7 million is not reasonably expected to be billed in fiscal 2020. We expect backlog will change from period to period for several reasons, including the timing and duration of customer agreements, varying billing cycles of subscription agreements, and the timing and duration of customer renewals. Because revenue for any period is a function of revenue recognized from deferred revenue under contracts in existence at the beginning of the period, as well as contract renewals and new customer contracts during the period, backlog at the beginning of any period is not necessarily indicative of future revenue performance. We do not utilize backlog as a key management metric internally.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

          We do not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities. We do not have any

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outstanding derivative financial instruments, off-balance sheet guarantees, interest rate swap transactions, or foreign currency forward contracts.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

          We have operations in the United States and internationally, and we are exposed to market risk in the ordinary course of business.

Inflation Rate Risk

          We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Nonetheless, if our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases. Our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Interest Rate Risk

          Our cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of cash on hand and highly liquid investments in corporate debt securities and money market funds, including overnight investments. Our investments are exposed to market risk due to fluctuations in interest rates, which may affect our interest income and the fair market value of our investments. As of January 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $88.4 million and marketable securities of $103.2 million. The carrying amount of our cash equivalents reasonably approximates fair value due to the short maturities of these instruments. The primary objectives of our investment activities are the preservation of capital, the fulfillment of liquidity needs, and the fiduciary control of cash and investments. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes. However, due to the short-term nature of our investment portfolio, for fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2019, we do not believe an immediate 10% increase or decrease in interest rates would have a material effect on the fair market value of our portfolio. We therefore do not expect our results of operations or cash flows to be materially affected by a sudden change in market interest rates.

Foreign Currency Risk

          To date, all of our sales contracts have been denominated in U.S. dollars. A portion of our operating expenses are incurred outside the United States, denominated in foreign currencies and subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly changes in the British Pound, Australian Dollar, and Euro. The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is that country's local currency. Monetary assets and liabilities of the foreign subsidiaries are re-measured into U.S. dollars at the exchange rates in effect at the reporting date, non-monetary assets and liabilities are re-measured at historical rates, and revenue and expenses are re-measured at average exchange rates in effect during each reporting period. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recorded to other expense, net. As the impact of foreign currency exchange rates has not been material to our historical results of operations, we have not entered into derivative or hedging transactions, but we may do so in the future if our exposure to foreign currency becomes more significant.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

          Our management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our financial statements and notes to our financial statements, which were prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of the financial statements requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Our management evaluates our estimates on an ongoing basis, including

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those related to the allowance for doubtful accounts, the carrying value of long-lived assets, the useful lives of long-lived assets, the fair value of financial instruments, the recognition and disclosure of contingent liabilities, the provision for income taxes and related deferred taxes, stock-based compensation, the fair value of our common stock, and the fair value of our redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants. We base our estimates and judgments on our historical experience, knowledge of factors affecting our business and our belief as to what could occur in the future considering available information and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

          The accounting estimates we use in the preparation of our financial statements will change as new events occur, more experience is acquired, additional information is obtained and our operating environment changes. Changes in estimates are made when circumstances warrant. Such changes in estimates and refinements in estimation methodologies are reflected in our reported results of operations and, if material, the effects of changes in estimates are disclosed in the notes to our financial statements. By their nature, these estimates and judgments are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty and actual results could differ materially from the amounts reported based on these estimates.

          While our significant accounting policies are more fully described in Note 2 of our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus, we believe the following reflect our critical accounting policies and our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

          We currently recognize revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 605, Revenue Recognition, or ASC 605. Beginning February 1, 2019, we will be required to adopt ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, or ASC 606. This new revenue standard became effective for public companies for the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within that year. Private companies have an additional year to adopt the standard. Pursuant to Section 107 of the JOBS Act, as an emerging growth company, we have elected to take advantage of the extended transition period for applying ASC 606 that otherwise only applies to private companies. We plan to adopt using the modified retrospective transition method.

          Under ASC 605, revenue is recognized only when:

          Determining whether and when some of these criteria have been satisfied often involves judgments that can have a significant impact on the timing and amount of revenue we report. For example, our assessment of the likelihood of collection is a critical element in determining the timing of revenue recognition. If we do not believe that collection is probable and/or reasonably assured, revenue will be deferred until cash is received.

          For multiple element arrangements we are required to allocate revenue to all elements in the arrangement based on their fair value. If we cannot establish, vendor specific objective evidence of fair value, or VSOE, we then determine if we can establish third-party evidence of fair value, or TPE. TPE is determined based on competitor prices for similar deliverables when sold separately. Our

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services differ significantly from those of our peers and our offerings contain a significant level of customization and differentiation such that the comparable pricing of products with similar functionality cannot generally be obtained. Furthermore, we are unable to reliably determine what similar competitor products' selling prices are on a stand-alone basis. Therefore, we are typically not able to determine TPE.

          If both VSOE and TPE do not exist, we then use best estimate of selling price, or BESP, to establish fair value and to allocate total consideration to each element in the arrangement and consideration related to each element is then recognized as each element is delivered. Any discount or premium inherent in the arrangement is allocated to each element in the arrangement based on the relative fair value of each element.

          The objective of BESP is to determine the price at which we would transact a sale if the product or service were sold on a stand-alone basis. We determine BESP for a product or service by considering multiple factors including an analysis of recent stand-alone sales of that product, market conditions, competitive landscape, internal costs, gross margin objectives and pricing practices. As these factors are mostly subjective, the determination of BESP requires significant judgment. If we had chosen different values for BESP, our revenue and deferred revenue could have been materially different. We regularly review VSOE, TPE and BESP and maintain internal controls over the establishment and updates of these estimates.

Stock-Based Compensation

          Stock-based compensation expense related to stock awards is recognized based on the fair value of the awards on the date of the grant. The fair value of each option award is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and a single option award approach. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period of the awards, which is generally four years. A substantial majority of option awards have service-based vesting conditions and we record the expense for these awards using the straight-line method.

          During fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2018, we recognized stock-based compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures. We used historical data to estimate pre-vesting forfeitures and recorded stock-based compensation expense only for those grants that were expected to vest. On February 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standard Update No. 2016-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, or ASU 2016-09, which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions. In accordance with ASU 2016-09, we have elected to account for forfeitures as they occur.

          Our use of the Black-Scholes option-pricing model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the fair value of the underlying common stock, the expected term of the option, the expected volatility of the price of our common stock, risk-free interest rates and the expected dividend yield of our common stock. The assumptions used to determine the fair value of the option awards represent management's best estimates. These estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management's judgment.

          These assumptions and estimates are as follows:

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          The following table summarizes the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair value of our stock options:

 
  Year Ended January 31,  
 
  2017   2018   2019  

Expected term (in years)

    6.05     6.05     6.05 - 7.52  

Risk-free interest rate

    1.1%  - 1.5 %   1.9%  - 2.2 %   2.6%  - 3.1 %

Expected stock price volatility

    41.7% - 42.8 %   40.3% - 41.4 %   37.8% - 38.9 %

Dividend yield

             

Common Stock Valuations

          Because our common stock is not publicly traded, our board of directors exercises significant judgment in determining the fair value of our common stock on the date of each option grant, with input from management, based on several objective and subjective factors. Factors considered by our board of directors include:

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          Since our inception, we have prepared valuations in a manner consistent with the method outlined in the AICPA Practice Guide, Valuation of Privately-Held-Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation. Certain of these valuations relied on a fundamental analysis of the business, using a discounted cash flow model, to derive an estimate of our total equity. The estimated equity value was then allocated to each class of equity, based on the respective rights and preferences, using an Option-Pricing Methodology, or OPM. Certain other valuations relied on recent transactions in our preferred and/or common stock. For dates near a recent preferred stock financing, we assessed the value of common stock implied by the price paid for the preferred, primarily using an OPM to backsolve the common stock value, but also giving consideration to the value implied on an "as converted" or "common stock equivalent" methodology. Additionally, in certain cases, transactions involving sales or purchases of our common stock were also considered.

          We believe that we have used reasonable methodologies, approaches and assumptions consistent with the AICPA Practice Guide, Valuation of Privately-Held-Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation, to determine the fair value of our common stock. We have reviewed key factors and events between each date below and have determined that the combination of the factors and events described above reflect a true measurement of the fair value of our common stock over an extended period.

Accounting for Business Combinations

          We account for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting. We allocate the fair value of purchase consideration to the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. Intangible assets consist predominantly of purchased intellectual property acquired in transactions that were accounted for as business combinations under GAAP and purchased intellectual property that were acquired as an asset acquisition under GAAP. These intangible assets are measured at fair value at the date of acquisition. Such valuations require us to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets. Significant estimates in valuing certain intangible assets include, but are not limited to, future expected cash flows from using the acquired technology, and discount rates. Our estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates.

          During the measurement period, which is one year from the acquisition date, we may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are recorded in the consolidated statement of operations. We amortize all intangible assets on a straight-line basis over their expected lives. As of January 31, 2019, we had $1.0 million of intangible assets, net. We evaluate our intangible assets for impairment by assessing the recoverability of these assets whenever adverse events or changes in circumstances or business climate indicate that expected undiscounted future cash flows related to such intangible assets may not be sufficient to support the net book value of such assets. An impairment is recognized in the period of identification to the extent the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the fair value of such asset. Based on our analysis, no impairment was recorded for fiscal 2017, fiscal 2018, or fiscal 2019.

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          Goodwill is currently our only indefinite-lived intangible asset. As of January 31, 2019, we had $7.9 million of goodwill. Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually on January 31 of each calendar year or more often if events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Significant judgments are required in assessing impairment of goodwill and intangible assets include the identification of reporting units, identifying whether events or changes in circumstances require an impairment assessment, estimating future cash flows, determining appropriate discount and growth rates and other assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value whether an impairment exists and if so the amount of that impairment.

          When an acquisition includes a liability contingent consideration, this liability must be adjusted to its fair value each quarter, with changes in fair value recorded in the consolidated statement of operations. Management estimates the fair value of contingent consideration each quarter based on its most recent financial forecast. To the extent our forecast increases, the fair value of the contingent consideration will increase with change in fair value recorded to operating expenses. Conversely, to the extent our forecast decreases, the fair value of the contingent consideration will decrease with change in fair value recorded as a reduction to operating expenses. Significant judgment is required in developing the assumptions required to determine the purchase price and in allocating that purchase price to the assets. If any of these assumptions were different, the amount recorded as goodwill, intangible assets and contingent consideration would have been different.

Income Taxes

          We are subject to federal, state, and local taxes in the United States as well as in other tax jurisdictions or countries in which we conduct business. Earnings generated by our non-U.S. activities are related to applicable transfer pricing requirements under local country income tax laws. We account for uncertain tax positions based on those positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. We determine if the amount of available support indicates that it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. We then measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely to be realized upon settlement.

          We have a full valuation allowance for our net deferred tax assets generated from our U.S. operations. We will continue to assess the need for such valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets by evaluating both positive and negative evidence that may exist. Any adjustment to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance would be recorded in the periods in which the adjustment is determined to be required.

          On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted the Tax Act, which makes significant changes to the U.S. tax code. The Tax Act includes several key tax provisions that affect us, including, but not limited to, lowering the U.S. federal corporate tax rate to 21% for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, establishing a new provision to currently tax certain global intangible low-taxed income of controlled foreign corporations, and imposing a one-time tax ("Transition Tax") on the mandatory deemed repatriation of cumulative foreign earnings. The Transition Tax is based upon the post-1986 earnings and profits that were previously deferred from U.S. income taxes.

          On December 22, 2017, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or SAB 118, which provides guidance on accounting for the Tax Act's impact and allows registrants to record provisional amounts during a measurement period not to extend beyond one year of the enactment date.

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          During the year ended January 31, 2019, we completed the accounting for the Tax Act within the measurement period. The previously recorded provisional amount recorded for the Transition Tax was adjusted by an immaterial amount but was fully offset by a corresponding adjustment to the valuation allowance resulting in no impact to the provision for income taxes. We have also completed the analysis of the impact of the Tax Act on our existing assertion to indefinitely reinvest the earnings of our subsidiaries outside the United States and concluded that no change was necessary. We have determined that the Tax Act did not have a material impact on our financial statements, other than disclosures in our year-end financial statements. We currently maintain a full valuation allowance recorded against our U.S. federal deferred tax assets.

          As a result of the Tax Act, we can make an accounting policy election to either treat taxes due on the global intangible low-taxed income inclusion as a current period expense or factor such amounts into our measurement of deferred taxes. We have completed our analysis of the global intangible low-tax income provisions and elected to use the period cost method and therefore no accrual for the deferred tax aspects of this provision was made.

JOBS Act Accounting Election

          We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the JOBS Act. Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued after the enactment of the JOBS Act until those standards apply to private companies. We have elected to use this extended transition period under the JOBS Act.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

          See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included at the end of this prospectus, regarding the impact of certain recent accounting pronouncements on our consolidated financial statements.

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BUSINESS

Our Mission

          We don't have a mission statement—we are on a mission to protect our customers from breaches.

Overview

          We founded CrowdStrike in 2011 to reinvent security for the cloud era. When we started the company, cyberattackers had a decided, asymmetric advantage over existing security products. We turned the tables on the adversaries by taking a fundamentally new approach that leverages the network effects of crowdsourced data applied to modern technologies such as AI, cloud computing, and graph databases. Realizing that the nature of cybersecurity problems had changed but the solutions had not, we built our CrowdStrike Falcon platform to detect threats and stop breaches.

          We believe we are defining a new category called the Security Cloud, with the power to transform the security industry much the same way the cloud has transformed the CRM, HR, and service management industries. With our Falcon platform, we created the first multi-tenant, cloud native, intelligent security solution capable of protecting workloads across on-premise, virtualized, and cloud-based environments running on a variety of endpoints such as laptops, desktops, servers, virtual machines, and IoT devices. We deliver comprehensive breach protection even against today's most sophisticated attacks on the endpoint, where the most valuable corporate data resides. Our Falcon platform is composed of two tightly integrated proprietary technologies: our easily deployed intelligent lightweight agent and our cloud-based, dynamic graph database called Threat Graph. Our solution benefits from crowdsourcing and economies of scale, which we believe enables our AI algorithms to be uniquely effective. We call this cloud-scale AI. Our single lightweight agent is installed on each endpoint and provides local detection and prevention capabilities while also intelligently collecting and streaming high fidelity data to our platform for real-time decision-making. Our Threat Graph processes, correlates, and analyzes this data in the cloud using a combination of AI and behavioral pattern-matching techniques. By analyzing and correlating information across our massive, crowdsourced dataset, we are able to deploy our AI algorithms at cloud-scale and build a more intelligent, effective solution to detect threats and stop breaches that on-premise or single instance cloud products cannot match. Today, we offer 10 cloud modules on our Falcon platform via a SaaS subscription-based model that spans multiple large security markets, including endpoint security, security and IT operations (including vulnerability management), and threat intelligence.

          Organizations everywhere are becoming more distributed as they adopt the cloud, increase workforce mobility, and grow their number of connected devices. They are adding more workloads to a myriad of different endpoints beyond the traditional security perimeter, exposing an increasingly broad attack surface to adversaries. In addition, the sophistication of cyberattacks has increased, often coming from nation-states, well-funded criminal organizations, and hackers using advanced, easily obtained methods of attack. On a number of occasions, adversaries have launched devastating, destructive attacks that have caused significant business disruption and billions of dollars in cumulative losses. The architectural limitations of legacy security products, coupled with a dynamic and intensifying threat landscape, are creating the need for a fundamentally new approach to security.

          Our unique approach starts with our single intelligent lightweight agent that enables frictionless deployment of our platform at scale. Our customers can rapidly adopt our technology across any type of workload running on a variety of endpoints. Our lightweight agent offloads computationally intensive tasks to the cloud, while retaining local detection and prevention capabilities that are necessary on the endpoint. The agent is nonintrusive to the end user and

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continues to protect the endpoint and track activity even when offline. The agent recommences transmitting data to our Falcon platform when the connection to the cloud has been reestablished. By utilizing a single agent, customers are able to leverage all the capabilities of our platform without burdening the endpoint with multiple agents.

          Our lightweight agent intelligently streams high fidelity endpoint data to the cloud where Threat Graph provides a simple, flexible, and scalable way to model highly interconnected data sets. Threat Graph processes, correlates, and analyzes over one trillion endpoint-related events per week in real time and maintains an index of these events for future use. Threat Graph continuously looks for malicious activity by applying graph analytics and AI algorithms to the data streamed from the endpoints. Our multi-tenant architecture allows us to collect a broad array of high fidelity data about both potential attacks and benign behavioral patterns across our entire customer base, continuously enhancing our AI algorithms. This significantly increases the efficacy of our solution to stop breaches while reducing false positives.

          We founded our company on the principle that the future of security would be driven by AI and that a cloud-native architecture would enable the collection of high fidelity data and scalability necessary for an effective solution. We call this cloud-scale AI. From the beginning, our strategy was focused on collecting data at scale, centrally storing such data in a singular model, and training our algorithms on these vast amounts of high fidelity data, which we believe is a fundamental differentiator from our competitors. Our cloud-scale AI means that the more data that is fed into our Falcon platform, the more intelligent Threat Graph becomes and the more our customers benefit, creating a powerful network effect that increases the overall value we provide. AI is revolutionizing many technology fields, including security solutions. To be truly effective, algorithms that enable AI depend on the quality and volume of data that trains them and the selection of the right differentiating features from that data. Our proprietary algorithms in Threat Graph identify events that may or may not be directly related, but together could indicate a threat that could otherwise remain undetected. Our cloud-scale algorithms make over 91 million indicator of attack decisions per minute. We are uniquely effective because we have more high fidelity data to train our AI models and more security expertise to guide our feature selection—all resulting in industry-leading efficacy and low false positives. Our rich set of continuously collected high fidelity endpoint data feeding our algorithms also enables us to use an active learning approach, where the models are continuously updated to fill in gaps identified in initial models and their performance is validated with this data prior to production use.

          By leveraging a multi-tenant, cloud native solution, the data we analyze to stop breaches is both larger and more meaningful than the data from on-premise or single instance private cloud products. If Threat Graph discovers something in one customer environment, all customers benefit automatically and in real time. Taken together, our platform enables intelligent, dynamic automation at scale to detect threats and stop breaches.

          We designed our Falcon platform with an open, interoperable, and highly extensible architecture. Because of our single data model, we only need to collect high fidelity endpoint data once from our agent, which we can use repeatedly for multiple use cases. Therefore, we can rapidly innovate, build, and deploy highly integrated modules to access additional market opportunities. We recently launched CrowdStrike Store, the first open cloud-based application platform for endpoint security and the industry's first unified security cloud ecosystem of trusted third-party applications. We also built a rich set of APIs that allows us to ingest third-party data into our Falcon platform and allows our customers to expand the functionality of their existing security systems by writing their own programs and accessing the data on our platform.

          Our Falcon platform includes our OverWatch threat hunting cloud module that combines the human intelligence of our elite security experts with the power of Threat Graph. Because our world

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class team can see potential attacks across our entire customer base, their expertise is enhanced by their constant visibility into the threat landscape. We are able to keep this team extremely small and scalable by leveraging automation and our Threat Graph. OverWatch is a force multiplier that extends the capabilities and improves the productivity of our customers' security teams.

          We offer our customers compelling business value that includes ease of adoption, rapid time-to-value, superior efficacy rates in detecting threats and preventing breaches, and reduced total cost of ownership by consolidating legacy, siloed security products in a single solution. We also allow thinly-stretched security organizations to automate previously manual tasks, freeing them to focus on their most important objectives. With the Falcon platform, organizations can transform how they combat threats, from slow, manual, and reactionary to fast, automated, and predictive, providing visibility across the entire threat lifecycle.

          We have a channel-centric go-to-market approach. We sell our platform and cloud modules directly and through channel partners, who work closely with our field sales and inside sales professionals. We primarily sell our platform and cloud modules through our direct sales team that leverages our network of channel partners to maximize effectiveness and scale. We amplify our sales presence by leveraging our technology alliance partners that can deliver, embed, or build applications with data and analytics from our Falcon platform. We are also enhancing our go-to-market strategy using a low-touch, trial-to-pay approach. In December 2017, we began to employ a trial-to-pay model in which we offer 15-day free trial access to Falcon Prevent, our next-generation antivirus module, to prospective customers directly from our website. In May 2018, we announced that Falcon Prevent was available for trial and purchase from the AWS Marketplace. We are beginning to see a number of these trial users convert to paying customers. We believe this approach will enable a higher velocity of new customer acquisition and expansion, and will extend our reach to customers of all sizes.

          We have a low friction land-and-expand sales strategy. When customers deploy our Falcon platform, they can start with any number of cloud modules and we can activate additional cloud modules in real time on the same agent already deployed on the endpoint. Once customers experience the benefits of our Falcon platform, they often expand their adoption over time by adding more endpoints or purchasing additional modules. Our dollar-based net retention rate, which measures expansion in existing customers' subscriptions over a 12 month period, was 147% as of January 31, 2019, demonstrating the power of our land-and-expand strategy.

          Some of the world's largest enterprises, government organizations, and high profile brands trust us to protect their business. As of January 31, 2019, we had 2,516 subscription customers worldwide, including 44 of the Fortune 100, 37 of the top 100 global companies, and nine of the top 20 major banks. We began as a large enterprise solution, but the flexibility and scalability of our Falcon platform and enhanced go-to-market approach enable us to protect customers of any size—from hundreds of thousands of endpoints to as few as one. We have been recognized by numerous independent third-party analysts, including Gartner(2)(3), Forrester, and IDC.

          We have recently experienced significant growth, with total revenue increasing from $52.7 million for fiscal 2017 to $118.8 million for fiscal 2018, representing year-over-year growth of 125% and from $118.8 million for fiscal 2018 to $249.8 million for fiscal 2019, representing year-over-year growth of 110%. Subscription revenue grew from $37.9 million for fiscal 2017 to $92.6 million for fiscal 2018, a 144% increase, and from $92.6 million for fiscal 2018 to $219.4 million for fiscal 2019, a 137% increase. Our annual recurring revenue, or ARR, has grown from $58.8 million as of January 31, 2017, to $141.3 million as of January 31, 2018, a 140% increase, and from $141.3 million as of January 31, 2018, to $312.7 million as of January 31, 2019, a 121% increase. Our net loss increased from $91.3 million for fiscal 2017 to $135.5 million for fiscal 2018, and from $135.5 million for fiscal 2018 to $140.1 million for fiscal 2019. We expect to continue

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to incur net losses for the foreseeable future as we continue to invest in our business, and our sales capabilities in particular, to address our large market opportunity.

Industry Background

          There are a number of key trends that are driving the need for a new approach to security.

Cybersecurity Threats are Greater than Ever

          Today's cybersecurity threat landscape is more dangerous than ever. Breaches are complex and often executed over multiple steps known in the industry as the threat lifecycle. The typical threat lifecycle starts with an initial exploit to enter a system, historically using malware, but increasingly using malware-free or fileless methods, to penetrate endpoints and establish a beachhead inside the corporate perimeter. Once inside, adversaries move laterally across the corporate environment where they collect credentials and escalate privileges enabling the typical adversary to download a larger, more destructive malware program or connect with an external control source. At this stage in the threat lifecycle, the adversary is able to encrypt, destroy, or silently exfiltrate sensitive data.

          Increasingly, adversaries are well-trained, possess significant technological and human resources, and are highly deliberate and targeted in their attacks. Adversaries today range from militaries and intelligence services of well-funded nation-states to sophisticated criminal organizations who are motivated by financial gains to hackers leveraging readily available advanced techniques. These groups and individuals are responsible for many breaches that involve theft or holding hostage financial data, intellectual property, and trade secrets. These attacks are pervasive, targeting a broad range of industries including technology, transportation, healthcare, financial services, governments and political organizations, utility, retail, and public infrastructure. On a number of occasions, adversaries have launched devastating, destructive attacks that have caused significant business disruption and billions of dollars in cumulative losses. For example, cyber risk modeling firm Cyence Inc. estimated that the overall global economic costs incurred from the 2017 WannaCry attack were between $4 billion and $8 billion.

Proliferation of Workloads Expanding the Attack Surface

          The rise of cloud computing, workforce mobility, and growth in connected devices has created a rapid expansion of workloads across endpoints and industries. According to a 2019 Cisco white paper, the number of connected devices is expected to be 28.5 billion by 2022, up from 18 billion in 2017. As a result, devices, applications, and data are highly distributed and diverse, challenging organizations to monitor and protect all of their workloads running on various endpoints. The adoption of many of these technologies and the resulting disappearance of the corporate perimeter have expanded the attack surface and left many organizations increasingly vulnerable to breach. Today, workloads running on endpoints, such as laptops and servers, are the primary targets in a security attack since they are vulnerable and frequently are repositories of valuable and sensitive data, including intellectual property, authentication credentials, personally identifiable information, financial information, and other digital assets. As new workloads are provisioned on emerging mobile and IoT devices, oftentimes residing outside of the corporate perimeter, increasingly more sensitive and mission critical data will be generated and stored on these endpoints as well. Attacks such as Shamoon, WannaCry and NotPetya have shown that destroying or locking data on a large portion of an enterprise's endpoints can cause widespread business disruption.

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On-Premise Security Architectures are Constrained

          On-premise products are siloed, lack integration, and have limited ability to collect, process, and analyze vast amounts of data—attributes that are required to be effective in today's increasingly dynamic threat landscape. Legacy vendors often deploy more agents to the endpoint as they layer on a patchwork of additional point product capabilities. This approach burdens endpoints by consuming additional storage space, memory, and processor capacity, degrading end user experience without providing effective security. In addition, integrating and maintaining numerous products, data repositories, and infrastructures across highly distributed enterprise environments is a costly and resource-intensive process for already thinly-staffed security teams.

Other Existing Security Products have Limitations

          Legacy Signature-based Products.    Signature-based products are designed to detect attacks that are already catalogued in a repository of previously identified threats but are not capable of preventing unknown threats or stopping associated breaches. These signatures, known as Indicators of Compromise, or IOCs, represent a reactive method of tracking cyberattacks. By the time IOCs are located, all they provide is evidence of compromise or breach that may have already resulted in substantial losses to the victim. If an attack vector is even slightly modified, a signature-based approach will no longer detect the attack and will fail to stop the breach. Many significant breaches seen in the last two decades have involved the failure of a legacy signature-based antivirus product to detect a previously unknown or modified version of a previously known attack.

          Malware-focused Machine Learning Products.    Traditionally, organizations have focused on protecting their networks and endpoints against malware-based attacks. These attacks involve malware built for the specific purpose of performing malicious activities, stealing data, or destroying systems. A malware-centric defensive approach will leave the organization vulnerable to attacks that do not leverage malware. According to data from our customer base indexed by Threat Graph, 46% of detections in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019 were not malware-based, but instead leveraged legitimate tools built into modern operating systems enabling attackers to accomplish their objectives without writing files to the endpoint, making them more difficult for a traditional antivirus product to detect.

          Application Whitelisting Products.    Application whitelisting products resort to an "always allow" or "always block" policy on an endpoint in order to allow or prevent processes from executing. Whitelisting relies in part on manually creating and maintaining a complex list of rules, burdening end users and IT organizations. In order to avoid these management challenges, IT organizations often create special exceptions to the whitelist that attackers leverage to compromise endpoints. Furthermore, fileless attacks can exploit legitimate whitelisted applications, compromising the integrity of the whitelisting product.

          Network-centric Security Products.    Traditional network security vendors have focused their products on perimeter-based protection. However, these approaches have decreased in relevance and effectiveness as employees and workplace devices have expanded beyond the firewall and the use of encrypted traffic has increased creating blind spots and vulnerabilities that attackers are able to exploit. As the number of endpoints proliferates, this layer of defense cannot adequately protect information-rich endpoints and workloads that are outside the corporate perimeter.

          Bolt-on Cloud Products.    Many on-premise vendors have introduced cloud offerings by putting their on-premise products in the cloud. Such single-tenant products were not designed to run in the cloud and therefore continue to be siloed, lack integration, and possess limited scalability to identify threats across their customer base in real time. In addition, such products are complex to deploy, difficult to scale, brittle to maintain, costly to own, and can be ineffective in stopping breaches. Any

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product that was originally designed for on-premise deployments and migrated to the cloud cannot by definition be a cloud native solution.

Creation of the Security Cloud

          Over the last 15 years, cloud computing has revolutionized many industries in enterprise software and created significant shifts in market share away from incumbents with on-premise or single instance cloud offerings. The cloud has enabled organizations to cost-efficiently scale their compute and storage resources, accelerate innovation, eliminate ongoing maintenance and administrative costs, and consolidate previously disparate and siloed products. During this period, new data technologies also emerged leveraging the cloud to enable more data collection, improve data analysis, and share key insights to drive better business outcomes and make more informed decisions.

          The purpose-built, cloud native leaders that began from scratch with multi-tenant architectures, single data models, and SaaS business models have defined entirely new categories such as CRM Cloud, HR Cloud, and Service Management Cloud. We believe we are doing the same for security.

          An effective solution to address the modern cybersecurity threat landscape should combine multiple methods into an integrated, data-driven, and automated cloud-based platform in order to provide comprehensive breach protection across the entire threat lifecycle. Such a platform requires collecting, processing, analyzing, and correlating vast amounts of high fidelity endpoint events in the cloud. This platform needs to operate at web-scale, process events in real time, and benefit from the network effects of crowdsourced data to understand attacks that happen across millions of endpoints. We believe only a cloud native approach can address today's threat landscape.

          We believe we are defining a new category called the Security Cloud.

Our Solution

          With our Falcon platform, we created the first multi-tenant, cloud native, open, intelligent security solution capable of protecting workloads across on-premise, virtualized, and cloud-based environments running on a variety of endpoints such as laptops, desktops, servers, virtual machines, and IoT devices. Our solution consists of our single intelligent lightweight agent and our powerful and dynamic cloud-based database Threat Graph. These two tightly integrated proprietary technologies continually collect, process, analyze and correlate vast amounts of high fidelity data across the entire threat lifecycle using a combination of AI and behavioral pattern-matching techniques to stop breaches. We implement this approach by crowdsourcing data across our entire customer base and taking advantage of economies of scale, which we believe enables our AI algorithms to be uniquely effective. Our cloud-based AI is also automatically shared with every customer in our community in real time. We combine multiple methods of detection, prevention, and response to known and unknown threats as well as malware and malware-free techniques across the threat lifecycle.

          Our Falcon platform integrates 10 cloud modules via a SaaS subscription-based model that spans multiple large security markets, including endpoint security, security and IT operations (including vulnerability management), and threat intelligence to deliver comprehensive breach protection even against today's most sophisticated attacks. Our single data model and open cloud architecture enable us and third-party partners to rapidly innovate, build, and deploy new cloud modules to provide our customers with additional functionality across a myriad of use cases.

          We designed our platform to be rapidly deployable, easy to use, and extensible, with the ability to consolidate point security products that have historically led to data siloes and agent sprawl, into one comprehensive and integrated solution. Our platform allows our customers' thinly-

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staffed security organizations to spend less time and fewer resources provisioning hardware, configuring supporting software systems, and performing ongoing maintenance work, freeing them to focus on their most important objectives. We aim to transform how organizations combat threats from slow, manual, and reactionary to fast, automated, and predictive.

          Our cloud modules currently span the following categories:

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The Falcon platform stops breaches and shows attack details across the threat lifecycle in real time.

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Dashboards provide real-time visibility across assets, users, applications, and vulnerabilities.

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Integrated Threat Intelligence gives context and automates the investigative process.

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          We recently launched the CrowdStrike Store, which is the first open cloud-based application Platform as a Service, or PaaS, for cybersecurity. The CrowdStrike Store introduces a unified Security Cloud ecosystem of trusted partners and applications to our customers. The CrowdStrike Store allows customers to rapidly and easily discover, try, and purchase applications from both trusted partners and CrowdStrike without needing to deploy and manage additional agents and infrastructures or go through lengthy sales, integration, or implementation processes. The CrowdStrike Store allows partners to bring new security applications to the market and efficiently target our customer base. Leveraging our Falcon platform, partners can develop applications that address our customers' needs without having to develop and support their own agents, invest in underlying infrastructure, or hire additional sales personnel. We believe the CrowdStrike Store will cultivate a rich, innovative, and trusted ecosystem between our partners and customers, increasing the overall value of our Falcon platform.

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CrowdStrike Store: a marketplace for customers to try new CrowdStrike and partner apps.

          Earlier this year, we announced CrowdStrike Falcon for Mobile, the first enterprise EDR solution for mobile devices, which we expect will be commercially available in the second quarter of fiscal 2020. Falcon for Mobile enables security teams to hunt for advanced threats on mobile devices while providing enhanced visibility into malicious, unwanted, or accidental access to sensitive corporate data, while protecting user privacy and without impacting device performance. Falcon for Mobile closes the gap between disparate mobile endpoint and enterprise defense solutions by leveraging our cloud-native platform and single-agent architecture.

Key Benefits of Our Solution

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          In addition to developing the first multi-tenant, cloud native security platform protecting workloads running on any endpoint, we have been recognized by multiple third-party industry analysts:

Our Opportunity

          Our customers utilize our Falcon platform and cloud modules across a wide variety of use cases. Our total addressable market initially began as a replacement opportunity in the corporate endpoint security market, but has significantly expanded due to rapid innovation and adoption of our cloud modules across additional security and non-security markets. In addition, our increasing market opportunity is driven by the proliferation of enterprise mobility, adoption of cloud computing, the benefits of big data, and an increasingly dynamic and intensifying threat landscape.

          Our approach to protecting workloads running on the endpoint is unique and innovative. Because of our architecture, our Falcon platform is the first solution to natively address multiple security markets, including markets not typically associated with endpoint security. Today, the five markets we address are comprised of:

          Corporate Endpoint Security.    In 2013, we launched what is now Falcon OverWatch and our Falcon Insight cloud module, and in 2017 we launched Falcon Prevent, to disrupt the EDR and next-generation antivirus markets, respectively. IDC estimates that the global market for these segments will be $7.6 billion in 2019 and is expected to reach $8.7 billion in 2021.

          Threat Intelligence.    In 2012, we released what is now our Falcon X cloud module to address the threat intelligence market. IDC estimates that the global market for this segment will be $1.6 billion in 2019 and is expected to reach $2.0 billion in 2021.

          Security and Vulnerability Management.    In 2017, we released our Falcon Spotlight cloud module to address the vulnerability management market. IDC estimates that the global market for this segment will be $8.4 billion in 2019 and is expected to reach $10.4 billion in 2021.

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          IT Systems and Services Management.    In 2017, we released our Falcon Discover cloud module to address our first non-security market of IT Asset Management. IDC estimates that the global market for this segment will be $2.6 billion in 2019 and is expected to reach $3.1 billion in 2021.

          Managed Security Services.    In 2018, we released our Falcon Complete cloud module to address the managed security services market. While our initial goal was to target smaller organizations that lacked security staff resources, this solution has also benefitted larger enterprises with thinly-staffed security teams. IDC estimates the global market for this segment will be $24.8 billion in 2019 and is expected to reach $29.6 billion in 2021. We estimate that our directly addressable opportunity in this segment is approximately $4.4 billion in 2019 and will reach $5.1 billion in 2021. In assessing the size of our addressable opportunity in this segment, we compared estimates from third party reports of the size of the corporate endpoint security market in which we operate to the size of the total IT security products market in the relevant year to infer the portion of the managed security services market in such year that would be addressable by our offerings.

          Combining these segments, our global opportunity is estimated to be $24.6 billion in 2019 and is expected to reach $29.2 billion in 2021.

          We believe our Falcon platform provides broad applicability and functionality across the security and IT operations markets. We plan on continuing to leverage our endpoint data sets to rapidly innovate and create new cloud modules that we believe will significantly expand our market opportunity over time. In addition, we believe more workloads will be run on endpoints such as mobile and IoT devices, generating and storing increasing amounts of sensitive, mission critical data. We believe our Falcon platform will be best suited to address such workloads that often reside outside of the corporate perimeter and require a cloud native solution for pervasive protection.

Growth Strategy

          Key elements of our growth strategy include:

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Falcon Platform

          Our Falcon platform is composed of two tightly integrated proprietary technologies: our lightweight agent and Threat Graph. The Falcon platform offers a unified set of cloud-delivered technologies that power a wide range of products including next-generation antivirus, EDR, device control, managed threat hunting, IT hygiene, vulnerability management, and threat intelligence. We can rapidly and cost effectively develop and deliver additional cloud modules on our Falcon platform, and are expanding options for our new customers to test modules on a trial basis and in-application trials for existing customers. Our expanding set of open APIs allows customers and partners to build their own capabilities on top of the Falcon platform. With our Falcon platform, we can crowdsource data and deliver a variety of cloud modules to detect and stop breaches.

Our Cloud Modules

          Our cloud modules integrate seamlessly with the Falcon platform to provide functionality in the endpoint security, security and IT operations (including vulnerability management), and threat intelligence markets. Today, our cloud modules include:

Endpoint Security

          Falcon Prevent—Next-Generation Antivirus.    Falcon Prevent provides next-generation antivirus capabilities to customers, delivering comprehensive protection to defend customers against both malware and fileless attacks. Falcon Prevent incorporates identification of known malware, machine learning for unknown malware, exploit blocking and advanced behavioral techniques to allow organizations to replace their existing legacy antivirus products.

          Falcon Insight—Endpoint Detection and Response.    Falcon Insight provides EDR capabilities to customers, allowing for continuous and comprehensive visibility to notify our customers what is happening on their endpoints in real time. Falcon Insight records and automatically analyzes activity on the endpoint to provide deep visibility, fast and powerful search capabilities, and comprehensive context and data needed to enable proactive threat hunting and forensic analysis.

          Falcon Device Control.    Falcon Device Control provides administrators with a high degree of visibility and granular control of USB peripheral devices.

Security and IT Operations

          Falcon OverWatch—Threat Hunting.    Falcon OverWatch is a threat hunting solution that consists of an elite team of dedicated security experts who work with the power of Threat Graph to proactively identify threats for our customers. The global Falcon OverWatch team seamlessly augments customers' in-house security resources to identify and investigate suspicious and malicious activities.

          Falcon Discover—IT Hygiene.    Falcon Discover identifies rogue systems and applications in our customers' networks, and monitors the use of privileged user accounts anywhere in a customer's environments. The module also enables use cases outside of security, such as application license management, AWS spend analysis, and asset inventory.

          Falcon Complete—Turnkey Security Solution.    Falcon Complete provides comprehensive monitoring, management, response, and remediation solution to our customers. It is backed by an underwritten limited warranty policy for breaches. Falcon Complete is designed to bring enterprise level security to companies that may lack enterprise level resources.

          Falcon Spotlight—Vulnerability Management.    Falcon Spotlight identifies vulnerabilities in real time that exist across our customer endpoints. The module does not depend on scanning systems

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for vulnerabilities, a process that can often take days or weeks for an enterprise, and instead leverages data already collected by our agent to provide instant and accurate real-time visibility into an enterprise's vulnerability exposure.

Threat Intelligence

          Falcon X—Threat Intelligence.    Falcon X integrates threat intelligence into endpoint protection. It provides automated analysis of detected threats to provide insight into the capabilities, motivation and attribution of attacks. It also extends protection against detected threats and their variants into other security solutions deployed within the organization for defense-in-depth coverage by delivering actionable intelligence and custom IOCs. In addition to the standard Falcon X offering, we also offer premium options that include global threat research and reporting from our team of intelligence analysts.

          Falcon Search Engine—Malware Search.    Falcon Search Engine enables customers to search in real time across 300 terabytes of malware collected in our Falcon platform and indexed by our proprietary binary data indexing technology. Results are enriched with threat intelligence, enabling rapid analysis and giving security analysts and threat researchers the advantage they need to stay ahead of the adversary.

          Falcon Sandbox—Malware Analysis.    Falcon Sandbox allows our customers to analyze unknown files for malicious behavior by detonating them safely in virtual machines. Sandbox provides visibility into malware behavior, automating in-depth file and memory analysis for faster threat protection and response.

Technology

          We have designed an innovative architecture from the ground up to overcome the limitations of existing security products and deliver cloud-based solutions. The key design principles of our Falcon platform include:

          Cloud Native Architecture.    We built the Falcon platform entirely in and for the cloud, enabling collection and analysis of a massive, crowdsourced dataset from all of our customers to stop breaches. Our platform is designed to be redundant, resilient, and high performing. Delivering security from the cloud enables agility, ease of use, and protection for workloads on a variety of endpoints wherever they are located. As customer adoption grows, the network effect of each additional endpoint added to the Falcon platform will amplify the breadth and depth of our dataset and intelligence.

          Falcon Agent.    We designed an intelligent lightweight agent that is installed on each endpoint. These agents incorporate identification and prevention of known malware, machine learning for unknown malware, exploit blocking and advanced behavioral techniques, to protect workloads across all endpoints while capturing and recording high fidelity endpoint data. Our agents continue to protect workloads running on endpoints even when offline. The agent recommences transmitting data to our Falcon platform when the connection to the cloud has been re-established. Our lightweight agent occupies less than 35 megabytes of storage space on the endpoint and is built to support Windows, Mac and Linux operating systems. The agent is hardened against attacks and uses a combination of kernel and user-mode modules to collect high fidelity endpoint events as they take place on a system. It correlates these events with a local situational model on the endpoint, analyzes via agent-based machine learning models and is capable of taking a variety of preventative and responsive actions on the endpoint, either automatically or via human control. Events are streamed by the agent to the cloud in real time in order to be further analyzed in the Threat Graph, where additional correlation and AI algorithms can be applied. The agent is also

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capable of being remotely reconfigured in real time based on analytics in our cloud platform in order to collect and analyze different events or take other actions.

          Threat Graph.    Threat Graph is a proprietary, powerful, and dynamic graph database. Threat Graph continually looks for malicious activity by combining AI with behavioral pattern-matching techniques to look beyond file features and track the behaviors of every software program executed on an endpoint in a customer's network environment. By applying powerful graph analytics and AI algorithms to cybersecurity, we enrich the data collected with our proprietary and third-party threat intelligence, such as adversary capabilities, motivations, attributions, and threat indicators. Threat Graph processes, correlates, and analyzes over one trillion endpoint-related events across our global customer community per week in real time, making 91 million indicator of attack decisions per minute, and indexing petabytes of historical data for exploration and search. The graph data model allows the AI algorithms to identify relationships between events that are not directly related but which could indicate an attack that would otherwise remain undetected. We believe that our AI algorithms are advantaged by the rich dataset that we have to train them with. Threat Graph provides customers with complete real time and historical visibility and insight into events occurring on their endpoints for hunting and searching.

          Threat Graph also provides query and hunting capability over the full set of high fidelity events collected in the graph. This correlated data, natively represented in a graph structure, enables new products and cloud modules to be created rapidly since the platform provides the visibility, collection, correlation and actions over data as reusable building blocks. This collect-once, use repeatedly approach is the reason why we have been able to deliver new cloud modules covering IT hygiene and vulnerability management quickly and enables us to continue expanding the Falcon platform rapidly in the future. Our design approach incorporates the MITRE Adversarial Tactics, Techniques and Common Knowledge, or ATT&CK, Framework, which is an independent industry standard and model for describing the actions an adversary might take to compromise, and operate within, an enterprise network, which accelerates alert triage and shortens incident analysis time. Our Threat Graph has also been validated for its successful completion of an evaluation by MITRE's Leveraging External Transformational Solutions, or LETS, program.

          High Fidelity Data and Smart Filtering.    Absent an intelligent agent, a typical endpoint generates approximately 100 gigabytes of unfiltered system event data per day. After this data is compressed, or data shaped, a typical enterprise organization with 100,000 endpoints would generate over one petabyte of endpoint events daily. The presence of a local graph model in our agent enables it to track the state of the machine in real time, perform rapid machine learning and behavioral analysis, and provide efficient event streaming to the cloud. We call this "smart filtering." This allows us to keep overhead on the endpoint to a minimum, dramatically reduce the bandwidth required for agent-cloud communication, efficiently process large volumes of data, and separate the signal from the noise. The Falcon agent collects and analyzes unfiltered data with local machine learning and behavioral algorithms on the endpoint but only streams high fidelity endpoint events to the cloud to only send what is necessary for detection, prevention and investigation of attacks. This smart filtering architecture allows us to reduce network load for customers to approximately five megabytes per endpoint per day. The Falcon platform collects an array of high fidelity endpoint events, such as code execution, network, file system and user activity. This information can be used for a variety of use cases beyond security, such as IT operations and vulnerability management.

          Management Interface.    The Falcon platform management interface gives customers an intuitive and informative view of their complete environment, with timely alerts and detailed search capabilities. We provide real-time endpoint visibility to allow customers to review details and respond to threats instantly and effectively, from anywhere, and maintain an index of these events

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for future use. We also provide access to Falcon X, streamlining and simplifying the forensics analysis process.

          APIs and Integrations.    Our Falcon platform and architecture is built around a rich set of APIs that efficiently and effectively complement and expand a customer's existing security infrastructure, such as security information event management, or SIEMs, and intrusion prevention systems and intrusion detection systems. The platform includes streaming, query and batch APIs allowing customers and partners to integrate a variety of solutions seamlessly. It also includes rich management and control APIs. The platform allows third parties to develop additional cloud modules and features, furthering the power of the Falcon platform. By connecting existing security systems to the Falcon platform, we allow our customers to further leverage their security investments. For example, ForeScout used our APIs to develop a joint solution that allows our common customers to leverage our threat intelligence to proactively combat threats across endpoints and orchestrate workflows to isolate and remediate compromised devices.

Data Center Operations

          We have data center co-location facilities in Sacramento and San Jose, California and Las Vegas, Nevada, and we also utilize AWS data centers located in the United States for our storage needs and to help deliver our solution. Our technology infrastructure, combined with select use of AWS resources, provides us with a distributed and scalable architecture on a global scale.

Professional Services

          In addition to our Falcon platform and cloud modules, we also offer incident response services and proactive services to organizations that have experienced a breach or are assessing their security posture.

Customers

          Some of the world's largest enterprises, government organizations, and high profile brands trust us to protect their business. As of January 31, 2019, we had 2,516 subscription customers worldwide, including 44 of the Fortune 100, 37 of the top 100 global companies, and nine of the top 20 major banks. Historically, we and our channel partners have primarily sold to large

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organizations, but have increasingly focused on selling to small and medium-sized businesses, particularly through our trial-to-pay model. We engage our customers through our global customer and technical advisory boards in which we solicit feedback from our customers on a regular basis allowing us to understand their evolving needs. We have used this feedback to develop new cloud modules, such as Falcon Insight, and we intend to continue to develop new cloud modules based on our customer's feedback. We also have a CrowdStrike Champion Program with over 180 customers participating who have agreed to be references for our products and solutions. Our business is not dependent on any particular end customer.

Customer Case Studies

          The customer examples below illustrate how customers from different industries benefit from our Falcon platform.

Amazon Web Services

          Situation:    Amazon Web Services (AWS) is the leading cloud services provider, supporting many prominent enterprises and government agencies around the globe. The challenges of protecting its millions of customers required increased visibility and a level of efficacy that its previous endpoint protection vendors were unable to provide.

          Solution:    AWS conducted a yearlong test comparing our Falcon platform against multiple next-gen and legacy vendors. AWS chose to deploy our entire Falcon platform, including our turnkey solution, Falcon Complete. The initial deployment consisted of 13,000 endpoints. Today, our Falcon platform runs on hundreds of thousands of AWS workstations and servers.

          "CrowdStrike Falcon provides us with the protection as well as a level of functionality and visibility we didn't find in other providers."

Deputy CISO, Amazon Web Services (AWS)

HSBC(1)

          Situation:    HSBC, a global financial institution, operates in 3,800 offices across 66 countries. Recognizing its massive scale and distributed practice, they sought to implement a cloud-first security strategy across their entire enterprise.

          Solution:    In 2017, HSBC deployed our Falcon platform, including Falcon Prevent, Falcon Insight, Falcon Discover, Falcon Intelligence (which we now offer as Falcon X), and Falcon OverWatch modules, across 320,000 endpoints in 12 weeks. HSBC selected our Falcon platform as the only solution that effectively combines prevention, detection, and response at the endpoint and real-time forensics in a single, cloud-delivered solution. In addition, HSBC also benefits from the OverWatch team for continual and proactive threat hunting throughout its environment.

          "CrowdStrike has changed the way HSBC works. It has given us the flexibility of an all-encompassing platform, not just another AV product."

Managing Director, Cybersecurity, HSBC


(1)
An affiliate of HSBC is an underwriter in this offering.

Hyatt Hotels Corporation

          Situation:    Hyatt is a global hospitality company with a portfolio of more than 750 properties in over 55 countries. As Hyatt management looked to evolve its security posture, they began looking for a new antivirus and endpoint detection and response (EDR) solution.

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          Solution:    In 2017, Hyatt began using a broad spectrum of our platform, including deploying modules across 40,000 endpoints in just days, including threat intelligence, threat monitoring and malware analysis. Since then, Hyatt has experienced significantly higher efficacy in protecting against breaches and reduced its number of false positives. This includes the ability to alert Hyatt of attempted intrusions in real time, providing the Hyatt organization with peace of mind and empowering them to focus on protecting against breaches.

          "CrowdStrike products are a key part of Hyatt's cybersecurity ecosystem. Our security has improved measurably since implementing the platform last year. The unique combination of best-in-class antivirus, endpoint detection and response, as well as the threat intelligence and dedicated support team far surpasses our expectations."

CISO, Hyatt Hotels Corporation

ADP, LLC

          Situation:    As a Fortune 300 provider of cloud-based human capital management solutions, ADP handles a significant amount of highly sensitive information including personal finance and health data for its 740,000 clients. An internal security team identified a gap in its global server infrastructure, which comprises some 20 data centers, both on-premise and in the cloud, forcing ADP to reevaluate alternative solutions.

          Solution:    In 2016 ADP deployed our Falcon platform with Falcon Insight and Falcon OverWatch as the first two modules rolled out across 85,000 servers in only three months, with no disruption for any of its employees or clients. The high fidelity data collected and analyzed by our Falcon platform provided ADP with unprecedented visibility across its environment and a more effective way of detecting threats and stopping breaches.

          The deployment went so smoothly that in 2017, ADP deployed Falcon Insight and Falcon OverWatch as the primary endpoint protection technology for all of the firm's desktops, some 100,000 PCs, and added additional modules: Falcon Prevent, Falcon Discover and Falcon Intelligence (which we now offer as Falcon X). Working closely with CrowdStrike during these multiple deployments, ADP came to value CrowdStrike's innovative ethos and extraordinary ability to turn ideas into tangible security and peace of mind for its customers.

          "In my career, the deployment of the CrowdStrike Falcon platform was perhaps the easiest global security technology rollout I've seen. By leveraging the technology's cloud architecture and CrowdStrike's expertise, we were able to deploy with incredible speed and efficacy. We realized the value immediately."

Chief Security Officer, ADP

The Pokémon Company International

          Situation:    The Pokémon Company International is responsible for the brand management, licensing and marketing of Pokémon products globally. In 2017, the company introduced the smash hit product, PokémonGo, which saw its online business rapidly expand to hundreds of millions of users worldwide. That success also drew the attention of cybercriminals, many seeking to capitalize on the game's popularity with a variety of malicious activities. Management hoped to solve a range of issues by implementing a new security platform that could scale alongside Pokémon's rapidly growing hybrid IT environment, protecting both on-premise and cloud systems with a high degree of elasticity to seamlessly support spikes in usage among its global use base.

          Solution:    To achieve security, visibility and IT hygiene, Pokémon deployed our Falcon platform, including Falcon Prevent, Falcon Insight, and Falcon OverWatch modules across its

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environment in 2018. Based on the initial success of this install, Pokémon gained further visibility into its cloud infrastructure by subsequently deploying our Falcon Discover module on AWS to identify all Amazon EC2 instances that did not have the Falcon platform installed, as well as provide granular details about each Falcon equipped endpoints. The security and deep visibility our platform offered across Pokémon's entire environment not only provided value to their security organization, but to its developers and engineers by allowing them to improve their ability to track and manage different software tools to build and deploy applications.

          "CrowdStrike allows our security team to move faster than ever before. One of our challenges at the forefront was finding a platform that could allow our analysts to pivot seamlessly from one system to the other. CrowdStrike gives us this capability. One of the reasons we went with CrowdStrike versus competitors was the level of integration that the platform had, with a whole range of security capabilities. That's been extremely helpful so far, and we are excited about the future and continued partnership with CrowdStrike."

CISO, Pokémon Company International

Sales and Marketing

          Our sales and marketing organizations work together closely to drive market awareness, build a strong sales pipeline and cultivate customer relationships to drive revenue growth.

Sales

          We primarily sell subscriptions to our Falcon platform and cloud modules through our direct sales team, which is comprised of field sales and inside sales professionals who are segmented by a customer's number of endpoints. Our sales team also leverages our network of channel partners. We also use our sales team to identify current customers who may be interested in free trials of additional cloud modules, which serves as a powerful driver of our land and expand model. By segmenting our sales teams, we can deploy a low-touch sales model that efficiently identifies prospective customers.

Marketing

          Our marketing organization is focused on building our brand reputation, increasing the awareness and reputation of our platform, and driving customer demand. As part of these efforts, we deliver targeted content to demonstrate thought leadership in the security industry, including speaking engagements with the security industry's foremost organizations to provide expert advice, issuing regular reports on the state of the industry, educating the public about the cybersecurity threats, and identifying and naming adversary groups. We also engage in paid media, web marketing, industry and trade conferences, including our annual Fal.Con conference, analyst engagements, producing whitepapers, demand generation via digital and web, and targeted displacement campaigns. We employ a wide range of digital programs, including search engine marketing, online and social media initiatives, and content syndication to increase traffic to our website and encourage new customers to sign up for a 15-day free trial of the Falcon platform. Additionally, we engage in joint marketing activities with our channel and technology alliance partners. In December 2017, we began to employ a trial-to-pay model in which we offer 15-day free trial access to Falcon Prevent to prospective customers directly from our website. In May 2018, we announced that Falcon Prevent was available for trial and purchase from the AWS Marketplace.

Partnership Ecosystem

          We work with a number of technology alliance partners to design go-to-market strategies that combine our platform with products or services provided by our technology alliance partners. These

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partner integrations deliver more secure solutions and an improved end user experience to their customers. Our technology alliance partnerships focus on security analytics, network and infrastructure security, threat platforms and orchestration, and automation. We recently launched the CrowdStrike Store, the first open cloud-based application PaaS for cybersecurity and the industry's first unified security cloud ecosystem of trusted third-party applications. In addition, we recently announced a strategic technology and go-to-market partnership with Dell Inc. that will enable Dell's business customers to seamlessly add the Falcon platform to their purchase of Dell hardware. Dell and SecureWorks Corp. have also agreed to take our Falcon platform to market as a preferred endpoint security offering through their global sales organizations.

Research and Development

          Our research and development organization is responsible for the design, architecture, operation and quality of our cloud native Falcon platform. In addition to improving on our features, functionality and scalability, this organization works closely with our cloud operations team to ensure that our platform is available, reliable, and stable.

          Our success is a result of our continuous drive for innovation. Our internal team of security experts, researchers, intelligence analysts, and threat hunters continuously analyzes the evolving global threat landscape to develop products that defend against today's most sophisticated and stealthy attacks and reports on emerging security issues. We invest substantial resources in research and development to enhance our Falcon platform, and develop new cloud modules, features and functionality. We believe timely development of new, and enhancement of our, products, services, and features is essential to maintaining our competitive position. We work closely with our customers and channel partners to gain valuable insight into their security management practices to assist us in designing new cloud modules and features that extend the capability of our platform. Our technical staff monitors and tests our software on a regular basis, and we also make our Falcon platform available for third-party validation. We also maintain a regular release process to update and enhance our existing solutions. In addition, we engage security consulting firms to perform periodic vulnerability analysis of our solutions. Our research and development expenses were $39.1 million, $58.9 million, and $84.6 million for fiscal 2017, fiscal 2018, and fiscal 2019, respectively.

          Our research and development leadership team is located in Seattle, Washington, Washington, D.C., and Sunnyvale, California, and we also maintain research and development centers in Irvine, California. We plan to dedicate significant resources to research and development.

Competition

          The market for our services is intensely competitive and characterized by rapid changes in technology, customer requirements, and industry standards and by frequent new product and service offerings and improvements. We compete with an array of established and emerging security solution vendors. Conditions in our market could change rapidly and significantly as a result of technological advancements, partnerships, or acquisitions by our competitors or continuing market consolidation. With the introduction of new technologies and market entrants, we expect the competitive environment to remain intense. Our competitors include the following by general category:

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          We compete on the basis of a number of factors, including but not limited to our:

          Although certain of our competitors enjoy greater resources, recognition, deeper customer relationships, larger existing customer bases, or more mature intellectual property portfolios, we believe that we compete favorably with respect to these factors and that we are well positioned as a leading provider of endpoint security solutions.

Intellectual Property

          We believe that our intellectual property rights are valuable and important to our business. We rely on trademarks, patents, copyrights, trade secrets, license agreements, intellectual property assignment agreements, confidentiality procedures, non-disclosure agreements, and employee non-disclosure and invention assignment agreements to establish and protect our proprietary rights. Though we rely in part upon these legal and contractual protections, we believe that factors such as the skills and ingenuity of our employees and the functionality and frequent enhancements to our solutions are larger contributors to our success in the marketplace.

          As of January 31, 2019, we had 14 issued patents in the United States, eight issued patents in a number of international jurisdictions, 48 patent applications (including seven provisional applications) pending in the United States and 47 patent applications pending internationally. Our issued patents expire between 2032 and 2037, and six of our pending patent applications have been allowed. These patents and patent applications seek to protect our proprietary inventions relevant to our business. We intend to pursue additional intellectual property protection to the extent we believe it would be beneficial and cost-effective. Despite our efforts to protect our intellectual property rights, they may not be respected in the future or may be invalidated, circumvented, or challenged. Our industry is characterized by the existence of a large number of patents and frequent claims and related litigation based on allegations of patent infringement or other violations of intellectual property rights. We believe that competitors will try to develop products that are similar to ours and that may infringe our intellectual property rights. Our competitors or other third-parties may also claim that our security platform and other solutions infringe their intellectual property rights. In particular, some companies in our industry have extensive patent portfolios. From time to time, third parties have in the past and may in the future assert claims of infringement, misappropriation and other violations of intellectual property rights against us or our customers, with whom our agreements may obligate us to indemnify against these claims. Successful claims of infringement by a third party could prevent us from offering certain products or features, require us to develop alternate, non-infringing technology, which could require significant time and during which we could be unable to continue to offer our affected products or solutions, require us to obtain a license, which may not be available on reasonable terms or at all, or force us to pay substantial damages, royalties, or other fees. For additional information, see the section titled "Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—The success of our business depends in part on our ability to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights."

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Employees

          As of January 31, 2019, we had 1,455 full-time employees. We also engage temporary employees and consultants as needed to support our operations. None of our employees in the United States are represented by a labor union or subject to a collective bargaining agreement. In certain countries in which we operate, we are subject to, and comply with, local labor law requirements which may automatically make our employees subject to industry-wide collective bargaining agreements. We may be required to comply with the terms of these collective bargaining agreements. We have not experienced any work stoppages, and we consider our relations with our employees to be good.

CrowdStrike Foundation

          We have a history of providing pro bono service and giving back to the cybersecurity community. In 2017 we established the CrowdStrike Foundation, a tax-exempt 501(c)(3) nonprofit, to nurture and develop the next generation of talent and research in cybersecurity and AI. The CrowdStrike Foundation funds scholarships and research in cybersecurity and AI and provides pro-bono security software to nonprofit organizations, journalists and activists facing sophisticated intrusions. The CrowdStrike Foundation also supports communities across the globe through philanthropy, volunteer work, and other activities.

Facilities

          Our corporate headquarters occupies approximately 30,331 square feet in Sunnyvale, California under leases that expire between 2020 and 2023. We also lease offices in California, Maryland, Missouri, Minnesota, Texas, Virginia, and Washington, as well as locations internationally, including in Australia, Germany, India, Romania, and the United Kingdom.

          We believe that our existing facilities are sufficient for our current needs. In the future, we may need to add new facilities and expand our existing facilities as we add employees, grow our infrastructure and evolve our business, and we believe that suitable additional or substitute space will be available on commercially reasonable terms to meet our future needs.

Legal Proceedings

          We are currently involved in proceedings before the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or USPTO, regarding our U.S. trademark registrations for "CrowdStrike Falcon" and our U.S. application to register our "Falcon OverWatch" trademark. On November 23, 2016, Fair Isaac Corporation, or FICO, filed a Petition for Cancellation of our "CrowdStrike Falcon" trademark registrations and a Notice of Opposition against our "Falcon OverWatch" trademark application before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Trademark Trial and Appeal Board, or TTAB. On January 3, 2017, we filed answers to both the cancellation and opposition proceedings, and the proceedings thereafter were consolidated. On November 21, 2018, we filed a Petition for Partial Cancellation or Amendment of one of FICO's "Falcon" trademark registrations, and on December 10, 2018, the parties filed a joint request to consolidate the proceedings and adjust the schedule. FICO moved to dismiss our petition on January 16, 2019, and the TTAB issued a standard order suspending the proceeding pending disposition of the motion to dismiss. On January 28, 2019, the parties jointly requested a suspension of the pre-trial and trial schedule in the consolidated proceedings filed by FICO pending resolution of FICO's motion to dismiss and the parties' request to consolidate the proceedings, and the TTAB granted that request on March 28, 2019. If we do not ultimately prevail in these proceedings and in any subsequent appeal or civil action, we could ultimately be required to change the names of our solutions, which may entail significant expense and adversely affect our brand recognition.

          From time to time, we may be subject to legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. In addition, from time to time, third parties may assert intellectual property infringement claims against us in the form of letters and other forms of communication. As of the date of this prospectus, we are not a party to any litigation the outcome of which, if determined adversely to us, would individually or in the aggregate be reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, prospects, cash flows, financial position, or brand.

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MANAGEMENT

Executive Officers, Key Employees, and Directors

          The following table provides information regarding our executive officers, key employees, and directors as of April 30, 2019:

Name   Age   Position(s)

Executive Officers:

         

George Kurtz

    48   President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

Burt W. Podbere

    53   Chief Financial Officer

Colin Black

    55   Chief Operating Officer

Key Employees:

   
 
 

 

Dmitri Alperovitch

    38   Chief Technology Officer

Michael Carpenter

    43   President, Global Sales and Field Operations

Johanna Flower

    44   Chief Marketing Officer

Shawn Henry

    57   President of CrowdStrike Services and Chief Security Officer

Amol S. Kulkarni, Ph.D. 

    49   Chief Product Officer

Adam Meyers

    40   Vice President, Intelligence

Non-Employee Directors:

   
 
 

 

Roxanne S. Austin

    58   Director

Cary J. Davis

    52   Director

Sameer K. Gandhi

    53   Director

Joseph P. Landy

    57   Director

Denis J. O'Leary

    62   Director

Joseph E. Sexton

    60   Director

Godfrey R. Sullivan

    65   Director

Gerhard Watzinger

    58   Chairman of the Board of Directors

Executive Officers

          George Kurtz.    Mr. Kurtz is one of our co-founders and has served as our President, Chief Executive Officer, and a member of our board of directors since November 2011. From October 2004 to October 2011, Mr. Kurtz served in executive roles at McAfee, Inc., a security technology company, including as Executive Vice President and Worldwide Chief Technology Officer from October 2009 to October 2011. In October 1999, Mr. Kurtz founded Foundstone, Inc., a security technology company, where he served as its Chief Executive Officer until it was acquired by McAfee, Inc. in October 2004. Since November 2017, he has also served as Chairman and as a board member for the CrowdStrike Foundation, a nonprofit established to support the next generation of talent and research in cybersecurity and artificial intelligence through scholarships, grants, and other activities. Mr. Kurtz holds a B.S. in Accounting from Seton Hall University. Mr. Kurtz also holds a CPA license from the State of New Jersey with an inactive status.

          We believe Mr. Kurtz is qualified to serve on our board of directors because he is a security industry pioneer with more than 26 years of experience in the security space, a technology business leader, and an accomplished entrepreneur. Furthermore, Mr. Kurtz has accumulated extensive perspective, operational insight, and expertise as our co-founder and Chief Executive Officer.

          Burt W. Podbere.    Mr. Podbere has served as our Chief Financial Officer since September 2015. From May 2014 to August 2015, Mr. Podbere served as Chief Financial Officer for OpenDNS, Inc. (acquired by Cisco in 2015), a cloud-delivered network security company, where he

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oversaw the finance function. From October 2011 to April 2014, he served as Chief Financial Officer for Net Optics, Inc. (acquired by Ixia in 2013), a manufacturer of network monitoring and intelligent access solutions for physical and virtual networks. Since November 2017, he has also served as Treasurer and as a board member for the CrowdStrike Foundation, a nonprofit established to support the next generation of talent and research in cybersecurity and artificial intelligence through scholarships, grants, and other activities. Mr. Podbere is a Chartered Accountant and holds a B.A. from McGill University.

          Colin Black.    Mr. Black has served as our Chief Operating Officer since January 2017 and as our Chief Information Officer from November 2015 to December 2017. From May 2012 to November 2015, he served as Chief Information Officer for Kratos Defense and Security Solutions, Inc., a provider of advanced engineering, security, surveillance, and information technology services. From August 2008 to May 2012, he served as Chief Information Officer for Cymer, LLC, a developer and manufacturer of lithography light sources used in the semiconductor industry. Since November 2017, he has also served as Secretary and as a board member for the CrowdStrike Foundation, a nonprofit established to support the next generation of talent and research in cybersecurity and artificial intelligence through scholarships, grants, and other activities. Mr. Black holds a B.S. in Electronics Engineering from the University of Glasgow.

Key Employees

          Dmitri Alperovitch.    Mr. Alperovitch is one of our co-founders and has served as our Chief Technology Officer since November 2011. From November 2008 to September 2011, Mr. Alperovitch served as Vice President, Threat Research for McAfee. Since November 2017, he has also served as President and as a board member for the CrowdStrike Foundation, a nonprofit established to support the next generation of talent and research in cybersecurity and artificial intelligence through scholarships, grants, and other activities. Mr. Alperovitch holds a B.S. in Computer Science and an M.S. in Information Security from the Georgia Institute of Technology.

          Michael Carpenter.    Mr. Carpenter has served as our President, Global Sales and Field Operations since November 2016. From February 2014 to September 2016, he served as President of Global Sales and Field Operations for Tanium Inc., an endpoint security and systems management company. From December 2012 to January 2014, Mr. Carpenter served as President, Americas Sales for Intel Security Group, a global computer security software company. Mr. Carpenter holds a B.A. in Accounting from the University of Massachusetts Lowell.

          Johanna Flower.    Ms. Flower has served as our Chief Marketing Officer since November 2014. From June 2000 to June 2014, she served in various executive roles at Websense Inc., a cybersecurity software company now known as Forcepoint, LLC, most recently as Senior Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer. Ms. Flower holds a B.A. in Business Administration from Brighton University, United Kingdom.

          Shawn Henry.    Mr. Henry has served as President of CrowdStrike Services and our Chief Security Officer since March 2012. Mr. Henry previously worked for the FBI from 1987 through March 2012, including most recently as Executive Assistant Director of the FBI's Criminal, Cyber, Response and Services Branch. Since June 2016, Mr. Henry has served as a faculty member specializing in cybersecurity for the National Association of Corporate Directors, an organization providing training and education for private and public company directors. Since June 2015, Mr. Henry has served as a cybersecurity and national security analyst for NBC News, a broadcast television network. Mr. Henry holds a B.B.A. from Hofstra University and an M.S. in Criminal Justice from Virginia Commonwealth University.

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          Amol S. Kulkarni, Ph.D.    Dr. Kulkarni has served as our Chief Product Officer since July 2018, and previously served as our Senior Vice President of Engineering from July 2017 to June 2018 and as our Vice President of Engineering from December 2014 to June 2017. From October 2000 to November 2014, he served in various executive roles at Microsoft Corporation, most recently as Principal Engineering Manager, where he oversaw major engineering projects. Dr. Kulkarni holds a B.Eng. from College of Engineering, Pune; an M. Tech in Energy Systems Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay and a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Washington.

          Adam Meyers.    Mr. Meyers has served as our Vice President, Intelligence since June 2013 and previously served as our Director of Intelligence from September 2011 to June 2013. From April 2002 to February 2012, he worked at SRA International, a provider of technology and strategic consulting services, most recently as Director of Cyber Security Intelligence. Mr. Meyers holds a B.A. in Political Science and Computer Science from George Washington University.

Non-Employee Directors

          Roxanne S. Austin.    Ms. Austin has served on our board of directors since September 2018. Ms. Austin has served as President of Austin Investment Advisors, a private investment and consulting firm, since January 2004, and has also served as chair of the U.S. Mid-Market Investment Advisory Committee of EQT Partners, a private equity group. Ms. Austin currently serves on the boards of directors of Abbott Laboratories, a provider of pharmaceutical, medical devices, and nutritional products, Target Corporation, a department store retailer, Teledyne Technologies Incorporated, an industrial conglomerate, and AbbVie Inc., a biopharmaceutical company. She previously served as on the board of directors of LM Ericsson Telephone Company, a networking and telecommunications company. Ms. Austin is a member of the California State Society of Certified Public Accountants and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Ms. Austin holds a B.B.A. in Accounting from the University of Texas at San Antonio.

          We believe Ms. Austin is qualified to serve on our board of directors because of her extensive management and operating experience, financial expertise, and knowledge of financial statements, corporate finance and accounting matters.

          Cary J. Davis.    Mr. Davis has served on our board of directors since July 2013. Mr. Davis is a Managing Director at Warburg Pincus, which he joined in October 1994, where he focuses on investments in the software and financial technology sectors. Prior to joining Warburg Pincus, he was Executive Assistant to Michael Dell at Dell Inc., a multinational computer technology company, and a consultant at McKinsey & Company, a worldwide management consulting firm. Mr. Davis currently serves on the boards of directors of Cyren Ltd., a cloud-based, internet security technology company, and several privately-held companies. Mr. Davis holds a B.A. in Economics from Yale University and an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School.

          We believe Mr. Davis is qualified to serve on our board of directors based on his extensive business and investment expertise and his knowledge of our company and our industry.

          Sameer K. Gandhi.    Mr. Gandhi has served on our board of directors since August 2013. Mr. Gandhi is currently a partner for Accel, a venture capital firm which he joined in June 2008, where he focuses on consumer, software and services companies. He currently serves on the boards of directors of several privately-held companies. Mr. Gandhi holds a B.S. and an M.S. in Electrical Engineering and an M.S. in Computer Science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and an M.B.A. from the Stanford Graduate School of Business.

          We believe Mr. Gandhi is qualified to serve on our board of directors based on his extensive knowledge of our company and as an investor in multiple technology companies.

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          Joseph P. Landy.    Mr. Landy has served on our board of directors since August 2013. Mr. Landy is Co-Chief Executive Officer of Warburg Pincus and has been engaged in all aspects of private equity investing since March 1985. He has been jointly responsible for the management of the firm since 2000, including the formulation of strategy, oversight of investment policy and decisions, and leadership of the firm's Executive Management Group. Mr. Landy currently serves as a trustee of New York University. He previously served on the board of directors of Kosmos Energy Ltd., an international oil company. Mr. Landy holds a B.S. in Economics from The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania and a M.B.A. from The Leonard N. Stern School of Business at New York University.

          We believe Mr. Landy is qualified to serve on our board of directors based on his extensive investment experience and knowledge of our company.

          Denis J. O'Leary.    Mr. O'Leary has served on our board of directors since December 2011. Mr. O'Leary has been a private investor since January 2016. From September 2009 to February 2016, he served as co-managing partner of Encore Financial Partners, Inc., a company focused on the acquisition and management of banking organizations. From June 1978 to April 2003, Mr. O'Leary was with JPM Chase & Co., an investment bank and financial services company, where he served in various executive roles, including Corporate Treasurer, CIO, and Head of Retail and Small Business Banking. Mr. O'Leary currently serves on the board of directors of Fiserv, Inc., a provider of financial services technology. Mr. O'Leary holds a B.A. in Economics from the University of Rochester and an M.B.A. from New York University.

          We believe Mr. O'Leary is qualified to serve on our board of directors because of his extensive investment experience and knowledge of our company.

          Joseph E. Sexton.    Mr. Sexton has served on our board of directors since March 2015. He has been a private investor since June 2017. From September 2016 to May 2017, he served as an Executive in Residence for the venture capital firms of Lightspeed Venture Partners and Greylock Partners, where he advised portfolio companies on sales strategy and execution. From December 2012 to April 2017, he served as President of Worldwide Field Operations of AppDynamics, Inc., an application intelligence software company. Mr. Sexton currently serves on the board of directors of a privately-held company. Mr. Sexton holds a B.B.A. in Marketing from the University of Kentucky.

          We believe Mr. Sexton is qualified to serve on our board of directors based on his extensive knowledge of our company and his experience advising technology companies.

          Godfrey R. Sullivan.    Mr. Sullivan has served on our board of directors since December 2017. From September 2008 to November 2015, he served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Splunk, Inc. a provider of machine data analytics software. He has served on the board of directors of Splunk since September 2008 and as its Chairman since December 2011. He previously served on the board of directors of Citrix Systems, Inc., an enterprise software company, and Informatica Corporation, an enterprise data management company. Mr. Sullivan holds a B.B.A. from Baylor University.

          We believe Mr. Sullivan is qualified to serve on our board of directors based on his perspective and experience he brings as a former chief executive officer of other publicly traded companies and his experience as an executive and as a member of the board of directors of other companies in the enterprise software industry.

          Gerhard Watzinger.    Mr. Watzinger has served as Chairman of our board of directors since April 2012. From April 2013 to September 2013, he served as the Chief Executive Officer for IGATE Corporation, an IT services company. Mr. Watzinger served as the Executive Vice President for Corporate Strategy and Mergers & Acquisitions of the McAfee business unit of Intel Corporation, or

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Intel, a designer and manufacturer of digital technology platforms, until his resignation in March 2012. Mr. Watzinger joined Intel in February 2011 upon Intel's acquisition of McAfee. Mr. Watzinger joined McAfee in November 2007 upon McAfee's acquisition of SafeBoot Corp., a global leader in data protection software, where he served as Chief Executive Officer from February 2004 to November 2007. He currently serves on the board of directors of Mastech Digital, Inc., a digital transformation and information technology services company and Absolute Software, a persistent software company. Mr. Watzinger holds an advanced degree in Computer Science from the University of Applied Sciences in Munich.

          We believe Mr. Watzinger is qualified to serve on our board of directors because of his expertise within the IT industry, his experience as a chief executive officer of several information technology companies, and his extensive perspective and operational insight as our current Chairman.

          Our executive officers are appointed by our board of directors and serve until their successors have been duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier resignation or removal. There are no family relationships among any of our directors or executive officers.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

          We have adopted a code of business conduct and ethics that applies to all of our employees, officers, and directors, including our chief executive officer, chief financial officer, and other executive and senior financial officers. Upon the completion of this offering, the full text of our code of business conduct and ethics will be available on the investor relations page on our website. We intend to post any amendment to our code of business conduct and ethics, and any waivers of its requirements, on our website or in filings under the Exchange Act to the extent required by applicable rules or exchange requirements. Information on or that can be accessed through our website is not part of this prospectus.

Board of Directors

          Our business and affairs are managed under the direction of our board of directors. The number of directors will be fixed by our board of directors, subject to the terms of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws that will become effective immediately prior to the completion of this offering. Our board of directors currently consists of nine members. Each of our current directors will continue to serve as directors until the election and qualification of his or her successor or until his or her earlier death, resignation, or removal.

          Certain members of our board of directors were elected pursuant to the provisions of our certificate of incorporation as in effect prior to this offering and the stockholders agreement among us and certain of our stockholders, or the stockholders agreement, described in the section titled "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions." George Kurtz was elected pursuant to the stockholders agreement in his capacity as our current Chief Executive Officer; Cary J. Davis, Joseph P. Landy, and Joseph E. Sexton were elected by holders of the majority of our Series A-1 Preferred Stock; Sameer K. Gandhi was elected by holders of a majority of our Series B Preferred Stock; and Denis J. O'Leary, Godfrey R. Sullivan, and Gerhard Watzinger were elected pursuant to their designation by George Kurtz and certain institutional stockholders. The provisions of our certificate of incorporation and stockholders agreement relating to the selection of our directors will terminate upon the closing of this offering.

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Classified Board of Directors

          Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws, each of which will be effective immediately before the completion of this offering, provide for a classified board of directors, with each director serving a staggered, three-year term. The terms of the directors will expire upon the election and qualification of successor directors at the annual meeting of stockholders to be held during 2020 for the Class I directors, 2021 for the Class II directors, and 2022 for the Class III directors.

          Upon expiration of the term of a class of directors, directors for that class will be elected for three-year terms at the annual meeting of stockholders in the year in which their term expires. Each director's term shall continue until the election and qualification of his or her successor, or his or her earlier death, resignation, or removal. Any additional directorships resulting from an increase in the number of authorized directors will be distributed among the three classes so that, as nearly as possible, each class will consist of one-third of the directors.

          The division of our board of directors into three classes with staggered three-year terms may delay or prevent a change of our management or a change of control. Under Delaware law, our directors may be removed for cause by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of our voting stock.

Director Independence

          Under the rules of Nasdaq, independent directors must comprise a majority of a listed company's board of directors within a specified period of the completion of this offering. In addition, the rules of Nasdaq require that, subject to specified exceptions, each member of a listed company's audit, compensation and nominating and corporate governance committees be independent. Under the rules of Nasdaq, a director will only qualify as an "independent director" if, in the opinion of that company's board of directors, that person does not have a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director. Compensation committee members must not have a relationship with us that is material to the director's ability to be independent from management in connection with the duties of a compensation committee member. Additionally, audit committee members must also satisfy the independence criteria set forth in Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act.

          In order to be considered independent for purposes of Rule 10A-3, a member of an audit committee of a listed company may not, other than in his or her capacity as a member of the board of directors or a committee of the board, accept, directly or indirectly, any consulting, advisory or other compensatory fee from the listed company or any of its subsidiaries or be an affiliated person of the listed company or any of its subsidiaries.

          Our board of directors has undertaken a review of the independence of each director and considered whether each director has a material relationship with us that could compromise his or her ability to exercise independent judgment in carrying out his or her responsibilities. Based upon information requested from and provided by each director concerning his or her background, employment and affiliations, including family relationships and as a result of this review, our board

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of directors determined that each of Roxanne S. Austin, Cary J. Davis, Sameer K. Gandhi, Joseph P. Landy, Denis J. O'Leary, Joseph E. Sexton, Godfrey R. Sullivan and Gerhard Watzinger, representing eight of our nine directors, does not have a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director and was an "independent director" as defined under the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and the listing requirements and rules of Nasdaq. In making this determination, our board of directors considered the current and prior relationships that each non-employee director has with our company and all other facts and circumstances our board of directors deemed relevant in determining their independence, including the beneficial ownership of our capital stock by each non-employee director.

Committees of Our Board of Directors

          Our board of directors has an audit committee, a compensation committee and a nominating and corporate governance committee, each of which will have the composition and responsibilities described below immediately before the completion of this offering. Members serve on these committees until their resignation or until otherwise determined by our board of directors.

Audit Committee

          Our audit committee is comprised of Roxanne S. Austin, Godfrey R. Sullivan, and Gerhard Watzinger, each of whom is a non-employee member of our board of directors. Roxanne S. Austin is the chair of our audit committee. Our board of directors has determined that each of the members of our audit committee satisfies the requirements for independence and financial literacy under the rules and regulations of and the SEC. Our board of directors has also determined that Roxanne S. Austin qualifies as an "audit committee financial expert" as defined in the SEC rules and satisfies the financial sophistication requirements of Nasdaq. The audit committee is responsible for, among other things:

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Compensation Committee

          Our compensation committee is comprised of Sameer K. Gandhi, Cary J. Davis, and Joseph E. Sexton, each of whom is a non-employee member of our board of directors. Sameer K. Gandhi is the chair of our compensation committee. Our board of directors has determined that each member of our compensation committee meets the requirements for independence under the rules of Nasdaq and the SEC. The compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

          Our nominating and corporate governance committee is comprised of Denis J. O'Leary, Joseph P. Landy, and Joseph E. Sexton, each of whom is a non-employee member of our board of directors. Denis J. O'Leary serves as the chair of the committee. Our board of directors has determined that each member of our nominating and corporate governance committee meets the requirements for independence under the rules of Nasdaq. The nominating and corporate governance committee will be responsible for, among other things:

          Our audit, compensation, and nominating and corporate governance committees will each operate under a written charter to be effective prior to the completion of this offering that satisfies the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and the listing standards of Nasdaq.

          We intend to post the charters of our audit, compensation, and nominating and corporate governance committees, and any amendments thereto that may be adopted from time to time, on our website. Information on or that can be accessed through our website is not part of this prospectus. Our board of directors may from time to time establish other committees.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

          Mr. Kurtz was our President and Chief Executive Officer during fiscal 2019 and was appointed to the compensation committee in August 2016. Mr. Kurtz served as a member of the compensation committee until May 2019. Mr. Kurtz did not participate in committee meetings or discussions related to his compensation and the compensation committee did not have the authority to approve Mr. Kurtz's compensation while Mr. Kurtz was a member. No other members of our compensation committee is, or was during fiscal 2019, an officer or employee of our company. None of our

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executive officers currently serves or served during fiscal 2019 as a director or member of the compensation committee (or other board committee performing equivalent functions) of any entity that has or had, at the relevant time, one or more executive officers serving on our compensation committee or our board of directors. See the section titled "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions" for information about related party transactions involving our compensation committee or their affiliates.

Non-Employee Director Compensation

          In fiscal 2019, we did not have a formal policy with respect to compensation payable to our non-employee directors for service as directors. The table below shows the equity and other compensation granted to our non-employee directors during fiscal 2019:

Name
  Fees Earned
or Paid in
Cash ($)
  Stock
Awards
($)(1)(2)
  Option
Awards
($)(1)(2)
  All Other
Compensation ($)
  Total ($)  

Roxanne S. Austin(3)

        1,166,425     1,612,989         2,779,414  

Cary J. Davis

                     

Sameer K. Gandhi

                     

Joseph P. Landy

                     

Denis J. O'Leary

    12,500                 12,500  

Joseph E. Sexton

                     

Godfrey R. Sullivan

                     

Gerhard Watzinger

                3,360 (4)   3,360  

(1)
The amounts in these columns represent the aggregate grant date fair value of restricted stock units and stock option awards granted in fiscal 2019 computed in accordance with Financial Accounting Standard Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718, or FASB ASC Topic 718. The assumptions used in calculating the grant date fair value of the awards reported in the Option Awards column are set forth in Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
(2)
The following table sets forth the aggregate number of shares underlying outstanding stock awards and options for each current director as of January 31, 2019:
Name
  Shares Underlying
Outstanding Stock
Awards(a)
  Shares Underlying
Outstanding Options(b)
 

Roxanne S. Austin

    92,500     277,500  

Cary J. Davis

         

Sameer K. Gandhi

         

Joseph P. Landy

         

Denis J. O'Leary

        106,250  

Joseph E. Sexton

        62,293  

Godfrey R. Sullivan

        269,792  

Gerhard Watzinger

        83,543  

(a)
Each entry represents the number of shares underlying any outstanding unvested restricted stock unit awards.
(b)
Each entry represents the aggregate of any shares underlying unexercised options and any unvested shares acquired upon early exercise of options.
(3)
Ms. Austin became a member of our board of directors in September 2018.
(4)
This amount reflects health insurance benefits provided to Mr. Watzinger.

          We entered into offer letters with each of Ms. Austin and Messrs. O'Leary, Sexton, Sullivan, and Watzinger in connection with each of their appointments to our board of directors. The offer letters with Ms. Austin and Messrs. Sexton and Sullivan provide that the relevant director will be reimbursed for reasonable expenses he or she incurs in connection with his or her service on our board of directors.

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          Ms. Austin's offer letter provides for the grant of an option to purchase 277,500 shares of our Class B common stock and RSUs covering 92,500 shares of our Class B common stock, which we granted to her in October 2018. Each of Ms. Austin's awards will become fully vested in the event of a change of control (as defined in her offer letter).

          Mr. O'Leary's offer letter provides for annual compensation of $12,500, the grant of an option to purchase 400,000 shares of our Class B common stock, which we granted to him in December 2011, and the right to purchase up to an aggregate of $300,000 of our redeemable convertible preferred stock. Mr. O'Leary exercised his right to purchase up to an aggregate of $300,000 of our redeemable convertible preferred stock in connection with our Series A-1 financing in December 2011.

          Mr. Sexton's offer letter provides for compensation of $10,000 per year and the grant of an option to purchase 220,000 shares of our Class B common stock, which we granted to him in March 2015. For fiscal 2019, Mr. Sexton declined to receive any compensation provided for in his offer letter.

          Mr. Sullivan's offer letter provides for the grant of an option to purchase 370,000 shares of our Class B common stock, which we granted in December 2017. Mr. Sullivan's option award will become fully vested in the event we are sold.

          In connection with Mr. Watzinger's offer to join our board of directors, Mr. Watzinger purchased 450,000 restricted shares of our Class B common stock in April 2012, and he was also granted on the three-year anniversary of his start date an option to purchase 100,000 shares of our Class B common stock, which we granted to him in March 2015, and the right to purchase up to an aggregate of $300,000 of our redeemable convertible preferred stock. Mr. Watzinger exercised his right to purchase up to an aggregate of $300,000 of our redeemable convertible preferred stock through an affiliated entity in connection with our Series A-1 financing in April 2012.

          Our non-employee directors are also eligible to receive other compensation and benefits, including reasonable personal benefits and perquisites, as determined by us from time to time.

          During fiscal 2019, Mr. Kurtz was our President and Chief Executive Officer and received no additional compensation for his service as a director. See the section titled "Executive Compensation" for additional information about compensation to Mr. Kurtz.

          In connection with this offering, we have adopted an Outside Director Compensation Policy, or Policy, pursuant to which our non-employee directors will receive equity awards and cash retainers as compensation for service on our board of directors and its committees effective on the date of this offering. This Policy is intended to enable us to attract qualified directors, provide them with compensation at a level that is consistent with our compensation objectives and, in the case of equity-based compensation, align their interests with those of our stockholders.

          Under this Policy, non-employee directors will receive the following annual cash retainers, payable in quarterly installments:

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          These directors will receive equity-based compensation in the form of RSUs with respect to shares of Class A common stock granted pursuant to the 2019 Plan.

          Each non-employee director joining the board after the effective date of this offering will be automatically granted the following awards upon first joining our board of directors:

          On the day of the annual meeting of stockholders, beginning with the first annual meeting after the date of this offering, each continuing non-employee director will be automatically granted:

          In addition, we will reimburse all of our directors for their reasonable travel expenses incurred in attending meetings of our board of directors or committees. Our non-employee directors may also be eligible to receive other compensation and benefits, including reasonable personal benefits and perquisites, as determined by us from time to time.

          As described in the summary below under the section titled "Executive Compensation—Employee Benefit and Stock Plans," our 2019 Plan contains maximum limits, which were approved by our stockholders prior to our 2019 Plan becoming effective, on the aggregate amount of cash compensation and equity awards that can be paid, issued or granted to each of our non-employee directors in any fiscal year, but those maximum limits do not reflect the intended size of any potential payments or grants or a commitment to make any payments or equity award grants to our non-employee directors in the future, other than as set forth in the Policy.

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EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Fiscal 2019 Summary Compensation Table

          The following table provides information regarding the total compensation for services rendered in all capacities that was earned by our named executive officers during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2019:

Name
  Fiscal
Year
  Salary
($)
  Bonus
($)
  Stock
Awards
($)(1)
  Option
Awards
($)(1)
  Non-Equity
Incentive Plan
Compensation
($)
  All Other
Compensation
($)(5)(6)
  Total
($)

George Kurtz(2)

    2019     394,039     107,659(3)     35,508,650     8,415,367   492,341(4)   11,774   44,929,830

President and Chief Executive Officer

                                         

Burt W. Podbere

    2019     347,467         624,000     284,268   157,674   8,729   1,422,138

Chief Financial Officer

                                         

Colin Black

    2019     377,359         624,000     284,268   230,830   9,401   1,525,848

Chief Operating Officer

                                         

(1)
The amounts disclosed represent the grant date fair value of the restricted stock units and stock options granted to the named executive officers during fiscal 2019 as computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. The assumptions used in calculating the grant date fair value of the stock options reported in the Option Awards column are set forth in Note 10 to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus. Such grant date fair values do not take into account any estimated forfeitures related to service-vesting conditions. These amounts do not reflect the actual economic value that will be realized by the named executive officer upon the vesting of the restricted stock units or stock options, the exercise of the stock options, or the sale of the Class B common stock acquired under such restricted stock units or stock options.
(2)
Mr. Kurtz serves on our board of directors but is not paid additional compensation for such service.
(3)
This amount represents a discretionary bonus paid to Mr. Kurtz.
(4)
This amount represents a performance-based bonus paid pursuant to Mr. Kurtz's individual bonus plan for fiscal 2019.
(5)
For Mr. Kurtz, this amount represents the airfare and hotel expenses paid by the Company for Mr. Kurtz's spouse to attend a sales and marketing event.
(6)
As part of our sales and marketing activities, we sponsor a CrowdStrike-branded professional racing car, which our President and Chief Executive Officer drives in some races at no incremental cost to us and in lieu of us hiring a professional driver. As we do not pay any amounts to our President and Chief Executive Officer under these arrangements, it is not reflected in the above table.

Named Executive Officer Employment Letters

George Kurtz

          We entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Kurtz, our President and Chief Executive Officer, dated November 18, 2011, or the Kurtz Employment Agreement. The Kurtz Employment Agreement has no specified term and provides for at-will employment. Pursuant to the Kurtz Employment Agreement, Mr. Kurtz's annual base salary, now $450,000, is subject to increase by the compensation committee. Mr. Kurtz is eligible to participate in our annual bonus program, health plan, insurance plan, retirement plan, and other benefit plans as provided to our similarly situated executives.

          Pursuant to the Kurtz Employment Agreement, if Mr. Kurtz's employment is terminated (1) by us without "cause" (as defined in the Kurtz Employment Agreement), other than due to death or disability, or (2) by Mr. Kurtz for "good reason" (as defined in the Kurtz Employment Agreement), and Mr. Kurtz agrees to be bound by certain limitations on competitive activities set forth in a Non-Interference Agreement between Mr. Kurtz and us and executes a release of claims in the form attached to the Kurtz Employment Agreement that becomes effective and irrevocable within 60 days of his termination of employment, Mr. Kurtz shall be entitled to (i) continued payment of his base salary for 12 months following his termination, payable in accordance with our regular payroll practices, and (ii) subject to Mr. Kurtz's election of COBRA continuation coverage under our group

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health plan, we will pay Mr. Kurtz an additional monthly amount equal to (on an after tax basis) the "applicable percentage" of the monthly COBRA premium cost for the level of coverage that Mr. Kurtz had as of the date of termination for up to 12 months following his termination. The "applicable percentage" shall be the percentage of Mr. Kurtz's health care premium costs covered by us as of the date of termination.

Burt W. Podbere

          We entered into an employment letter with Mr. Podbere dated as of August 10, 2015. Pursuant to this letter, we have agreed to provide Mr. Podbere with severance benefits in the event of a qualifying termination of employment. In the event that we terminate Mr. Podere's employment without cause or he terminates his employment for good reason, Mr. Podbere will receive three months base salary as severance and, if the termination occurs within 12 months after a change of control, Mr. Podbere will receive full vesting of his unvested options, in each case subject to his release of claims against us and our affiliates.

Colin Black

          We entered into an employment letter with Mr. Black dated as of October 3, 2015. Pursuant to this letter, we have agreed to provide Mr. Black with severance benefits in the event of a qualifying termination of employment. In the event that we terminate Mr. Black's employment without cause or he terminates his employment for good reason within 12 months after a change of control, Mr. Black will receive three months base salary as severance and full vesting of his unvested options, in each case subject to his release of claims against us and our affiliates.


Bonus and Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation

          We provide each of our named executive officers an opportunity to receive formula-based incentive payments. The payments are based on a target incentive amount for each named executive officer.

George Kurtz

          We established an individual bonus plan for George Kurtz during fiscal 2019 that provided for non-equity incentive compensation based upon our achievement of performance goals for fiscal 2019. Mr. Kurtz's annual target award under this plan was $450,000. The actual amount paid was $600,000, which was made up of $492,341, based on the achievement of performance goals, and an additional $107,659 in a discretionary bonus.

Burt W. Podbere

          Pursuant to his employment letter with us, Mr. Podbere is entitled to a bonus to be paid out quarterly based on the achievement of certain performance objectives. Mr. Podbere was a participant in our 2019 Bonus Plan. Mr. Podbere's annual target award under the 2019 Bonus Plan was $163,000, and the actual amount of his bonus for fiscal 2019 was $157,674; $28,250 of which was paid for the quarter ended April 30, 2018, $30,524 for the quarter ended July 31, 2018, $46,920 for the quarter ended October 31, 2018, and $51,980 for the quarter ended January 31, 2019.

Colin Black

          Pursuant to his employment letter with us, Mr. Black is entitled to a bonus to be paid out quarterly based on the achievement of certain performance objectives. Mr. Black's annual target award under the 2019 Bonus Plan was $221,000, and the actual amount of his bonus for fiscal 2019 was $230,820; $56,500 of which was paid for the quarter ended April 30, 2018, $51,770 for

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the quarter ended July 31, 2018, $58,140 for the quarter ended October 31, 2018, and $64,410 for the quarter ended January 31, 2019.


Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal 2019 Year-End

          The following table sets forth information regarding outstanding stock options and stock awards held by our named executive officers as of January 31, 2019:

 
  Option Awards   Stock Awards  
Name
  Grant Date(1)   Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options (#)
Exercisable
  Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options (#)
Unexercisable
  Option
Exercise
Price ($)
  Option
Expiration
Date
  Equity
Incentive Plan
Awards:
Number of
Unearned
Shares, Units
or
Other Rights
That Have Not
Vested (#)
  Equity
Incentive Plan
Awards: Market
Value of
Unearned
Shares, Units
or
Other Rights
That Have Not
Vested ($)(2)
 

George Kurtz

    10/9/2018 (3)   1,407,956         11.13   10/09/2028          

    10/23/2018 (4)                 2,815,912     36,099,992  

Burt W. Podbere

    11/19/2015 (7)   1,096,612     53,388     1.67   11/19/2025          

    11/19/2015 (8)   162,500     37,500     1.67   11/19/2025          

    9/25/2018 (5)   4,166     45,834     11.13   9/25/2028          

    9/25/2018 (6)                 50,000     641,000  

Colin Black

    11/19/2015 (9)   282,708     83,334     1.67   11/19/2025          

    2/4/2017 (10)   250,000         1.76   2/4/2027          

    9/25/2018 (5)   4,166     45,834     11.13   9/25/2028          

    9/25/2018 (6)                 50,000     641,000  

(1)
Each of the outstanding equity awards was granted pursuant to our 2011 Equity Incentive Plan.

(2)
This amount reflects the fair market value of our common stock of $12.82 as of January 10, 2019 (the determination of the fair market value by our board of directors as of the most proximate date) multiplied by the amount shown in the column for the number of shares or units that have not vested.

(3)
The option is subject to an early exercise provision and is immediately exercisable. Shares subject to the option vest as follows: 1,055,967 shares of Class B common stock vest in 48 equal monthly installments beginning on November 1, 2018 and 351,989 shares of Class B common stock vest in 24 equal monthly installments beginning on November 1, 2022, in each case subject to continued service through the applicable vesting date. As of January 31, 2019, this award remains unvested as to 1,341,959 shares of Class B common stock that are subject to the option's early exercise provision.

(4)
The RSUs vest pursuant to a time-based and performance-based vesting schedule as follows: 2,111,934 RSUs vest in 16 equal quarterly installments beginning on December 20, 2018 and 703,978 RSUs vest in eight equal quarterly installments beginning on December 20, 2022, in each case subject to continued service through the applicable vesting date, provided that none of the RSUs will vest before the earlier of (A) a change in control in which the consideration paid to holders of Company shares is either cash, publicly traded securities, or a combination thereof, or (B) the first Company vest date (as defined in the RSU agreement) following the expiration of the lock-up period established in connection with this offering.

(5)
Shares subject to the option vest in 48 equal monthly installments beginning on October 25, 2018 subject to continued service through the applicable vesting date.

(6)
One-fourth of the RSUs vest on September 20, 2019, and 1/16 of the RSUs vest quarterly thereafter subject to continued service through the applicable vesting date, provided that none of the RSUs vest before the earlier of (i) a change in control in which the consideration paid to holders of Company shares is either cash, publicly traded securities, or a combination thereof, or (ii) the first Company vest date (as defined in the RSU agreement) following the expiration of the lock-up period established in connection with this offering.

(7)
The option is subject to an early exercise provision as to 1,059,760 of the underlying shares. Shares subject to the option vest as follows: 25% of the award vests on September 16, 2016, and 1/48 of the award vests monthly thereafter for the following 36 months. The vesting of each of the options is subject to continued service through the applicable vesting date. As of January 31, 2019, this award remains unvested as to 163,280 shares of Class B common stock that are subject to the option's early exercise provision.

(8)
The option is subject to an early exercise provision as to 162,500 of the underlying shares. Shares subject to the option vest monthly over the 48 month period beginning October 16, 2016 until all the shares have vested on September 16, 2020. The vesting of each of the options is subject to continued service through the applicable vesting date. As of January 31, 2019, this award remains unvested as to 45,834 shares of Class B common stock that are subject to the option's early exercise provision.

(9)
Shares subject to the option vest as follows: 25% of the award vests on November 9, 2016, and 1/48 of the award vests monthly thereafter for the following 36 months. The vesting of each of the options is subject to continued service through the applicable vesting date.

(10)
The option is subject to an early exercise provision and is immediately exercisable. Shares subject to the option vest as follows: 25% of the award vests on December 26, 2017, and 1/48 of the award vests monthly thereafter for the following 36 months. The vesting of each of the options is subject to continued service through the applicable vesting date. 50,000 of the shares subject to the option were subject to a performance condition regarding our platform adjusted gross margin percentage for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2018. As of January 31, 2019, this award remains unvested as to 119,793 shares of Class B common stock.

Employee Benefit and Stock Plans

2019 Equity Incentive Plan

          In May 2019, our board of directors adopted, and our stockholders approved, our 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, or our 2019 Plan. Our 2019 Plan will be effective on the business day immediately prior to the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. Our

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2019 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, within the meaning of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, to our employees and any parent and subsidiary corporations' employees, and for the grant of nonstatutory stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights, performance units, performance shares, and other share-based awards to our employees, directors and consultants and our parent and subsidiary corporations' employees and consultants.

          Authorized Shares.    A total of 8,750,000 shares of our Class A common stock are reserved for issuance pursuant to our 2019 Plan. In addition, the shares reserved for issuance under our 2019 Plan also include a number of shares equal to the number of shares of Class B common stock subject to awards granted under our Amended and Restated 2011 Stock Incentive Plan, or 2011 Plan, that, on or after the termination of the 2011 Plan, expire or terminate, are tendered to or withheld by us for payment of an exercise price or for tax withholding obligations or are forfeited or repurchased by us (provided that any shares from the 2011 Plan will be issuable under the 2019 Plan as shares of our Class A common stock and that the maximum number of shares that may be added to our 2019 Plan from the 2011 Plan is 32,134,965 shares). The number of shares available for issuance under our 2019 Plan will also include an annual increase on the first day of each fiscal year beginning with the 2020 fiscal year, equal to the lesser of:

          If an award expires or is terminated, surrendered or cancelled or otherwise becomes unexercisable without having been exercised in full, is forfeited in whole or in part (including as the result of shares subject to the award being repurchased by us at or below the original issuance price pursuant to a contractual repurchase right), is surrendered pursuant to an exchange program, or is forfeited or repurchased due to failure to vest, then the unpurchased shares (or the forfeited, unused or repurchased shares) will become available for future grant or sale under the 2019 Plan. With respect to stock appreciation rights, the number of shares counted against the shares available for issuance under the 2019 Plan will be the full number of shares subject to the stock appreciation right multiplied by the percentage of the stock appreciation right actually exercised, regardless of the number of shares actually used to settle such stock appreciation right upon exercise. Shares that have actually been issued under the 2019 Plan under any award will not be returned to the 2019 Plan; provided, however, that if shares issued pursuant to awards under the 2019 plan are repurchased or forfeited due to a failure to vest, such shares will become available for future grant under the 2019 Plan. Shares used to pay the exercise price of an award or to satisfy the tax withholding obligations related to an award will become available for future grant or sale under the 2019 Plan. To the extent an award is settled or paid out in cash rather than shares, such cash payment will not result in a reduction in the number of shares available for issuance under the 2019 Plan. Shares repurchased by us on the open market using proceeds from the exercise of an award will not increase the number of shares available for issuance under the 2019 Plan.

          Plan Administration.    Our 2019 Plan will be administered by our compensation committee, another committee designated by our board of directors, or our board of directors. We expect our compensation committee to administer our 2019 Plan. Subject to the provisions of our 2019 Plan and applicable law, the administrator (or its delegate) will have the authority to administer our 2019 Plan and make all determinations deemed necessary or advisable for administering the 2019 Plan, such as the power to determine the fair market value of our common stock, select the service providers to whom awards may be granted, determine the number of shares covered by each award, approve forms of award agreements for use under the 2019 Plan, determine the terms and conditions of awards (such as the exercise price, the time or times at which the awards may be

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exercised, any vesting acceleration or waiver of forfeiture restrictions, and any restriction or limitation regarding any award or the shares relating thereto), construe and interpret the terms of our 2019 Plan and awards granted under it, prescribe, amend, and rescind rules relating to our 2019 Plan, including creating sub-plans, modify or amend each award, including the discretionary authority to extend the post-termination exercisability period of awards, allow a participant to defer the receipt of payment of cash or the delivery of shares that would otherwise be due to such participant under an award and determine the timing and characterization or reason for a participant's termination of employment or service with us. The administrator also will have the authority, without shareholder consent, to institute an exchange program by which (i) outstanding awards may be surrendered or cancelled in exchange for awards of the same type (which may have a higher or lower exercise price and/or different terms), awards of a different type and/or cash, (ii) participants have the opportunity to transfer outstanding awards to a financial institution or other person or entity selected by the administrator, or (iii) the exercise price of an outstanding award is increased or reduced. The administrator's decisions, determinations, and interpretations will be final and binding on all participants.

          Stock Options.    We are able to grant stock options under our 2019 Plan. The per share exercise price of options granted under our 2019 Plan must be at least equal to the fair market value of a share of our Class A common stock on the date of grant. The term of an option does not exceed 10 years, except that with respect to any incentive stock option granted to any participant who owns more than 10% of the voting power of all classes of stock of ours or any parent or subsidiary corporations, the term must not exceed five years and the per share exercise price must equal at least 110% of the fair market value of a share of our Class A common stock on the grant date. The administrator will determine the methods of payment of the exercise price of an option, which may include cash, shares or other property acceptable to the administrator, as well as other types of consideration permitted by applicable law or any combination thereof. After the termination of service of a participant, he or she will be able to exercise his or her option (to the extent it has vested as of the date of the termination of service) for the period of time stated in his or her award agreement. In the absence of a specified time in an award agreement, if termination is due to death or disability, the option will remain exercisable for 12 months. In all other cases, in the absence of a specified time in an award agreement, the option will remain exercisable for three months following the termination of service. An option may not be exercised later than the expiration of its term. Subject to the provisions of our 2019 Plan, the administrator determines the other terms of options.

          Stock Appreciation Rights.    We are able to grant appreciation rights under our 2019 Plan. Stock appreciation rights allow the recipient to receive the appreciation in the fair market value of our Class A common stock between the exercise date and the date of grant. Stock appreciation rights will not have a term exceeding 10 years. After the termination of service of a participant, he or she will be able to exercise his or her stock appreciation right for the period of time stated in his or her award agreement. In the absence of a specified time in the award agreement, if termination is due to death or disability, the stock appreciation rights will remain exercisable for 12 months. In all other cases, in the absence of a specified time in the award agreement, the stock appreciation rights will remain exercisable for three months following the termination of service. However, in no event may a stock appreciation right be exercised later than the expiration of its term. Subject to the provisions of our 2019 Plan, the administrator determines the other terms of stock appreciation rights, including when such rights become exercisable and whether to pay any increased appreciation in cash or with shares of our Class A common stock, or a combination thereof, except that the per share exercise price for a stock appreciation right will be no less than 100% of the fair market value per share on the date of grant.

          Restricted Stock.    We are able to grant restricted stock under our 2019 Plan. Restricted stock awards are grants of shares of our Class A common stock that vest in accordance with terms and

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conditions established by the administrator. The administrator will determine the number of shares of restricted stock granted to any employee, director or consultant and, subject to the provisions of our 2019 Plan, will determine the terms and conditions of such awards. The administrator will be able to impose whatever conditions to vesting it determines to be appropriate (for example, the administrator will be able to set restrictions based on the achievement of specific performance goals or continued service to us); provided, however, that the administrator will have the discretion to accelerate the time at which any restrictions will lapse or be removed. Recipients of restricted stock awards generally will have voting and dividend rights with respect to such shares upon grant without regard to vesting, unless the administrator provides otherwise; provided, however, that if dividends are paid in shares, such dividends will be subject to the same vesting schedule as the restricted stock awards. Shares of restricted stock that do not vest will be subject to our right of repurchase or forfeiture.

          RSUs.    We are able to grant RSUs under our 2019 Plan. Each RSU is a bookkeeping entry representing an amount equal to the fair market value of one share of our Class A common stock. Subject to the provisions of our 2019 Plan, the administrator determines the terms and conditions of RSUs, including the vesting criteria and the form and timing of payment. The administrator will be able to set vesting criteria based upon continued employment or service, the achievement of company-wide, divisional, business unit, or individual goals, or any other basis determined by the administrator in its discretion. The administrator will have the discretion to pay earned restricted stock units in the form of cash, in shares or in some combination thereof. The administrator will also have the discretion to accelerate the time at which any restrictions will lapse or be removed.

          Performance Units and Performance Shares.    We are able to grant performance units and performance shares under our 2019 Plan. Performance units and performance shares are awards that will result in a payment to a participant only if performance goals established by the administrator are achieved or the awards otherwise vest. The administrator will establish performance objectives or other vesting criteria (including continued employment or service) in its discretion, which, depending on the extent to which they are met, will determine the number and/or the value of performance units and performance shares to be paid out to participants. The administrator will be able to set performance objectives based on the achievement of company-wide, divisional, business unit, or individual goals, or any other basis determined by the administrator in its discretion. After the grant of a performance unit or performance share, the administrator will have the discretion to reduce or waive any performance criteria or other vesting provisions for such performance units or performance shares. Performance units will have an initial dollar value established by the administrator on or prior to the grant date. Performance shares will have an initial value equal to the fair market value of our Class A common stock on the grant date. The administrator will have the discretion to pay earned performance units or performance shares in the form of cash, in shares or in some combination thereof.

          Other Share-Based Awards.    We are able to grant other share-based awards under our 2019 Plan. Subject to the provisions our 2019 Plan, the administrator will determine the terms and conditions of such awards.

          Outside Directors.    Our 2019 Plan provides that all outside (non-employee) directors are eligible to receive all types of awards (except for incentive stock options) under our 2019 Plan. Prior to the completion of this offering, we intend to implement a formal policy pursuant to which our outside directors will be eligible to receive equity awards under our 2019 Plan. Our 2019 Plan includes a maximum annual limit of $700,000 of cash compensation and equity awards that may be paid, issued, or granted to an outside director in any fiscal year; provided, however, that for a new outside director, such maximum annual limit may exceed $700,000 but will be no greater than $1,400,000 in the first fiscal year that an outside director joins the board. For purposes of this

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limitation, the value of equity awards is based on the grant date fair value (determined in accordance with GAAP). Any cash compensation paid or equity awards granted to a person for his or her services as an employee, or for his or her services as a consultant (other than as an outside director), will not count for purposes of the limitation. The maximum limit does not reflect the intended size of any potential compensation or equity awards to our outside directors.

          Non-Transferability of Awards.    Unless the administrator provides otherwise, our 2019 Plan generally does not allow for the transfer of awards (other than by will, by the laws of descent or distribution or to a trust or estate planning vehicle that is approved by the administrator) and only the recipient of an award is able to exercise an award during his or her lifetime. If the administrator makes an award transferrable, such award will contain such additional terms and conditions as the administrator deems appropriate.

          Certain Adjustments.    In the event of certain changes in our capitalization or applicable laws, regulations, or accounting principles, to prevent diminution or enlargement of the benefits or potential benefits available under our 2019 Plan, the administrator will, subject to compliance with Section 409A of the Code and other applicable law, adjust the number and class of shares that may be delivered under our 2019 Plan and/or the number, class and price of shares covered by each outstanding award, the terms and conditions of any outstanding award and the numerical share limits set forth in our 2019 Plan.

          Dissolution or Liquidation.    In the event of our proposed liquidation or dissolution, the administrator will notify participants as soon as practicable and all awards will terminate immediately prior to the consummation of such proposed transaction.

          Merger or Change in Control.    Our 2019 Plan provides that in the event of a merger or change in control, as defined under our 2019 Plan, each outstanding award will be treated as the administrator determines, without a participant's consent. The administrator is not required to treat all awards, all awards held by a participant, all awards of the same type, or all participants, similarly.

          In the event that a successor corporation does not assume or substitute an equivalent award for any outstanding award, then such award will fully vest, all restrictions on such award will lapse, all performance goals or other vesting criteria applicable to such award will be deemed achieved at 100% of target levels (unless specifically provided otherwise under the applicable award agreement, policy, or other written agreement with the participant) and such award will become fully exercisable, if applicable, for a specified period prior to the transaction. If an option or stock appreciation right is not assumed or substituted, the administrator will notify the participant that such option or stock appreciation right will be exercisable for a period of time determined by the administrator in its sole discretion and the option or stock appreciation right will terminate upon the expiration of such period.

          In addition, in the event of a change in control, each outside director's options and stock appreciation rights, if any, will vest fully and become immediately exercisable, all restrictions on his or her restricted stock and restricted stock units will lapse and all performance goals or other vesting requirements for his or her performance shares and units will be deemed achieved at 100% of target levels and all other terms and conditions met (unless specifically provided otherwise under the applicable award agreement, policy, or other written agreement with the outside director).

          Forfeiture and Clawback.    All awards granted under our 2019 Plan will be subject to recoupment under any clawback policy that we have in place from time to time, including any policy that we are required to adopt pursuant to the listing standards of Nasdaq or under applicable law. In addition, the administrator will be able to provide in an award agreement that the recipient's rights, payments, and benefits with respect to such award will be subject to reduction, cancellation, forfeiture, or recoupment upon the occurrence of specified events. In the event of any accounting

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restatement, the recipient of an award will be required to repay a portion of the proceeds received in connection with the settlement of an award earned or accrued under certain circumstances.

          Amendment; Termination.    The board of directors will have the authority to amend, suspend or terminate our 2019 Plan provided such action does not impair the existing rights of any participant. Our 2019 Plan will automatically terminate in 2029, unless we terminate it sooner.

2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

          In May 2019, our board of directors adopted, and our stockholders approved, our 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or ESPP. Our ESPP will be effective on the business day immediately prior to the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. We believe that allowing our employees to participate in our ESPP provides them with a further incentive towards ensuring our success and accomplishing our corporate goals.

          Authorized Shares.    A total of 3,500,000 shares of our Class A common stock will be available for sale under our ESPP. The number of shares of our Class A common stock that will be available for sale under our ESPP also includes an annual increase on the first day of each fiscal year beginning with the fiscal year 2020 equal to the lesser of:

          Plan Administration.    Our ESPP will be administered by our compensation committee, another committee designated by our board of directors, or our board of directors. We expect our compensation committee to administer our ESPP. The administrator will have full and exclusive discretionary authority to construe, interpret, and apply the terms of the ESPP, to delegate ministerial duties to any of our employees, to designate separate offerings under the ESPP, to designate our subsidiaries and affiliates as participating in the ESPP, to determine eligibility, to adjudicate all disputed claims filed under the ESPP and to establish procedures that it deems necessary or advisable for the administration of the ESPP, such as adopting such procedures, sub-plans and special rules as are necessary or appropriate to permit participation in the ESPP by employees who are foreign nationals or employed outside the U.S. The administrator's findings, decisions, and determinations will be final and binding on all participants to the full extent permitted by law.

          Eligibility.    Generally, all of our employees of designated subsidiaries or affiliates are eligible to participate if they are customarily employed by us, or any participating subsidiary or affiliate, for at least 20 hours per week and more than five months in any calendar year. The administrator will have the discretion, prior to an enrollment date for all options granted on such enrollment date in an offering, to determine that an employee who (i) has not completed at least two years of service (or a lesser period of time determined by the administrator) since his or her last hire date, (ii) customarily works not more than 20 hours per week (or a lesser period of time determined by the administrator), (iii) customarily works not more than five months per calendar year (or a lesser period of time determined by the administrator), (iv) is a highly compensated employee within the meaning of Section 414(q) of the Code, or (v) is an officer or subject to disclosure requirements under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act, is or is not eligible to participate in such offering period.

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          An employee may not be granted rights to purchase shares of our Class A common stock under the Section 423 component (as described below) of our ESPP if such employee would, immediately after the grant:

          Offering Periods.    Our ESPP includes a component that allows us to make offerings intended to qualify under Section 423 of the Code and a component that allows us to make offerings not intended to qualify under Section 423 of the Code to designated affiliates, as described in our ESPP. Our ESPP will provide for 24-month offering periods. The offering periods will be scheduled to start on the first trading day on or after June 11th and December 11th of each year, except for the first offering period, which will commence on the first trading day on or after completion of this offering and will end on the last trading day on or before June 10, 2021 . The duration and timing of offering periods may be changed pursuant to the ESPP. Each offering period will include purchase periods, which will be the approximately six-month period commencing with one exercise date and ending with the last trading day on or before the next exercise date.

          Contributions.    Our ESPP permits participants to purchase shares of our Class A common stock through payroll deductions or otherwise of up to 15% of their eligible compensation. A participant will be able to purchase a maximum of 2,500 shares of our Class A common stock during a purchase period.

          Exercise of Purchase Right.    Amounts deducted and accumulated by the participant will be used to purchase shares of our Class A common stock at the end of each six-month purchase period. The purchase price of the shares will be 85% of the lower of the fair market value of our Class A common stock on the first trading day of each offering period or on the exercise date. Participants will be able to end their participation at any time during an offering period and will be returned their accrued contributions that have not yet been used to purchase shares of our Class A common stock. Participation will end automatically upon termination of employment with us.

          Non-Transferability.    A participant will not be able to assign, transfer, pledge, or otherwise dispose of rights granted under our ESPP. If our compensation committee permits the transfer of rights, it may only be done by will, the laws of descent and distribution or as otherwise provided under our ESPP.

          Merger or Change in Control.    Our ESPP provides that in the event of a merger or change in control, as defined under our ESPP, a successor corporation may assume or substitute each outstanding purchase right. If the successor corporation refuses to assume or substitute for the outstanding purchase right, the offering period then in progress will be shortened, and a new exercise date will be set that will be before the date of the proposed merger or change in control. The administrator will notify each participant that the exercise date has been changed and that the participant's option will be exercised automatically on the new exercise date unless prior to such date the participant has withdrawn from the offering period. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event of a merger or change in control, the administrator may elect to terminate all outstanding offering periods.

          Amendment; Termination.    The administrator has the authority to amend, suspend or terminate our ESPP. Our ESPP will automatically terminate in 2029 unless we terminate it sooner.

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2011 Stock Incentive Plan

          Our board of directors adopted our Amended and Restated 2011 Stock Incentive Plan, or the 2011 Plan, in November 2011. Our stockholders approved our 2011 Plan in November 2011. Our 2011 Plan was most recently amended in October 2018. Our 2011 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code, to our employees and any parent and subsidiary corporations' employees, and for the grant of nonstatutory stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, and other stock-based awards to employees, directors, and consultants of the company or any direct or indirect parent or subsidiary of the company (which are together referred to as the "company group") or any person who has been offered employment by the company group.

          Authorized Shares.    As of January 31, 2019, 1,540,071 shares of our Class B common stock were reserved for future issuance under our 2011 Plan. We will terminate our 2011 Plan in connection with this offering. Accordingly, no awards will be granted under the 2011 Plan following the completion of this offering, but our 2011 Plan will continue to govern outstanding awards granted thereunder. As of January 31, 2019, options to purchase 26,535,487 shares of our Class B common stock remained outstanding under our 2011 Plan.

          Plan Administration.    Our board of directors or a committee appointed by our board of directors consisting of at least two individuals administers the 2011 Plan. To the extent permitted by applicable law, the administrator may delegate to officers or employees of the company group (or committees thereof) the authority, subject to terms determined by the administrator, to perform such functions as the administrator determines to be appropriate, but awards granted to any person or entity who is not an employee of the company group must be expressly approved by the administrator. Subject to the provisions of the 2011 Plan, the administrator has full and final authority to (i) select eligible persons to become participants, (ii) grant awards, (iii) determine the type, number of shares subject to, and other terms and conditions of, and all other matters relating to, awards, (iv) prescribe award agreements (which need not be identical for each participant) and rules and regulations for the administration of the 2011 Plan, (v) construe and interpret the 2011 Plan and award agreements and correct defects, supply omissions, and reconcile inconsistencies, (vi) suspend the right to exercise Awards during any period that the administrator deems appropriate to comply with applicable securities laws, and/or subsequently extend the exercise period of an award by an equivalent period of time, (vii) make all other decisions and determinations as the administrator may deem necessary or advisable for the administration of the 2011 Plan. The administrator also may adopt procedures and sub-plans as necessary or appropriate to permit participation in the 2011 Plan by persons or entities who are residents or primarily employed or providing services outside of the United States. The administrator may approve a repricing of awards without additional stockholder consent. The administrator's actions will be final, conclusive, and binding on all persons.

          Stock Options.    Stock options could be granted under our 2011 Plan. The exercise price of options granted under our 2011 Plan generally may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of our Class B common stock on the date of grant if the option is intended to qualify as either (i) a "stock right" within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code or (ii) an incentive stock option. The term of an option cannot exceed 10 years; however, with respect to an incentive stock option granted to any participant who owns more than 10% of the voting power of all classes of our outstanding stock, the term cannot exceed five years and the exercise price must equal at least 110% of the fair market value on the grant date. The administrator determined the methods of payment of the exercise price of an option. Unless a participant's award agreement provides otherwise or the administrator determines otherwise, any unvested portion of the participant's option will immediately expire, and the vested portion of the participant's option will (i) immediately

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expire if the participant's termination is for cause, as defined under our 2011 Plan (ii) remain exercisable for 12 months following a termination due to death or disability, or (iii) remain exercisable for 90 days (or if the participant was a California resident when his or her option was granted, for 3 months) following a termination for any other reason. An option may not be exercised later than the expiration of its term. Subject to the provisions of our 2011 Plan, the administrator determined the other terms of options.

          Restricted Stock.    Restricted stock could be granted under our 2011 Plan. Restricted stock awards are grants of shares of our Class B common stock that vest in accordance with terms and conditions established by the administrator. The administrator determined the number of shares of restricted stock granted to any employee, director or consultant and, subject to the provisions of our 2011 Plan, determined the terms and conditions of such awards. The administrator could impose whatever conditions to vesting it determined to be appropriate; provided, however, that the administrator has the discretion to accelerate the time when such awards will vest. Recipients of restricted stock awards generally will have voting rights with respect to such shares upon grant without regard to vesting, unless the administrator provided otherwise. Unless an award agreement provides otherwise, cash dividends and stock dividends, if any, will be withheld for the participant's account and subject to forfeiture to the same degree as the underlying restricted stock. Shares of restricted stock that do not vest are subject to our right of repurchase or forfeiture.

          RSUs.    RSUs could be granted under our 2011 Plan. RSUs are bookkeeping entries representing an amount equal to the fair market value of one share of our Class B common stock. Subject to the provisions of our 2011 Plan, the administrator determined the terms and conditions of RSUs, including the vesting criteria and the form and timing of payment. The administrator could set vesting criteria based upon the achievement of company-wide, business unit, or individual goals (including continued employment or service), or any other basis determined by the administrator in its discretion. The administrator has the discretion to pay earned RSUs in the form of cash, in shares or in some combination thereof. The administrator also has the discretion to reduce or waive any vesting criteria that must be met to receive payment.

          Other Stock-Based Awards.    The administrator could grant other awards that may be denominated or payable in, valued by reference to, or otherwise based upon or related to shares of our common stock. The administrator could also grant shares of our common stock as a bonus or could grant other awards in lieu of obligations of any member of the company group to pay cash or deliver other property. The terms and conditions applicable to such awards were determined by the administrator, subject to the conditions in the 2011 Plan.

          Non-Transferability of Awards.    Unless the administrator provides otherwise, our 2011 Plan generally does not allow for the transfer of awards and only the recipient of an award may exercise an award during his or her lifetime.

          Certain Adjustments.    In the event of (i) certain changes in our capitalization or (ii) a change in applicable laws or circumstances that results in or could result in (as determined by the administrator in its sole discretion) any substantial dilution or enlargement of the rights intended to be granted to or available for participants, then the administrator will make equitable and proportionate adjustments or substitutions to the number and type of shares that may be delivered under the 2011 Plan and/or the number, type, and price of shares covered by each outstanding award granted under the 2011 Plan.

          Corporate Event.    If there is a corporate event, as defined under our 2011 Plan, the administrator may generally may provide for one or more of the following: (i) the assumption or substitution of an award; (ii) the acceleration of vesting of an award, subject to the consummation of the corporate event; (iii) the cancellation of an award in exchange for a payment for the vested

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portion of the award based on the amount of the consideration paid for a share of our Class B common stock in the corporate event minus the exercise price of the award (if any); and (iv) the replacement of an award (unless the award is a "stock right" within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code) with a cash incentive program that preserves the value of the award as of the consummation of the corporate event, with subsequent payment of cash incentives subject to the same vesting conditions that applied to the award and made within 30 days of the applicable vesting date.

          Amendment; Termination.    Our board of directors may amend our 2011 Plan at any time, but no amendment will impair a participant's rights under his or her awards without his or her written consent. As noted above, in connection with the adoption of our 2019 Plan, our 2011 Plan will be terminated and no further awards will be granted thereunder. All outstanding awards will continue to be governed by their existing terms.

401(k) Plan

          We maintain a tax-qualified retirement plan, or the 401(k) plan, that provides eligible employees with an opportunity to save for retirement on a tax-advantaged basis. Eligible employees are able to participate in the 401(k) plan as of their start date, and participants are able to defer up to 100% of their eligible compensation subject to applicable annual Code limits. All participants' interests in their deferrals are 100% vested when contributed. The 401(k) plan permits us to make matching contributions and profit sharing contributions to eligible participants, and although we have not made any such contributions to date, we may provide matching employer contributions in the future.

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CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

          In addition to the compensation arrangements, including employment, termination of employment, and change in control arrangements, discussed in the sections titled "Management" and "Executive Compensation," the following is a description of each transaction since February 1, 2016, and each currently proposed transaction in which:

Equity Financing Transactions

Series D Financing

          In May 2017, we sold an aggregate of 17,569,969 shares of our Series D redeemable convertible preferred stock, or Series D preferred stock, at a purchase price of $5.69 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $100.0 million. Each share of our Series D preferred stock will convert automatically into one share of our Class B common stock immediately prior to the completion of this offering. The following table summarizes purchases of our Series D preferred stock by related persons:

Stockholder
  Shares of Series D
Preferred Stock
  Total Purchase Price  

Entities affiliated with Accel(1)

    8,784,985   $ 50,000,006  

CapitalG LP(2)

    2,052,996   $ 11,684,688  

Entities affiliated with Warburg Pincus(3)

    1,109,598   $ 6,315,310  

(1)
References to "Accel" refer to any or all of Accel London III L.P., Accel London Investors 2012 L.P., Accel Leaders Fund L.P., Accel Leaders Fund Investors 2016 L.L.C., Accel Growth Fund II L.P., Accel Growth Fund II Strategic Partners L.P., and Accel Growth Fund Investors 2013 L.L.C. Affiliates of Accel holding our securities whose shares are aggregated for purposes of reporting share ownership information are Accel Growth Fund Investors 2013 L.L.C., Accel Growth Fund II L.P., Accel Growth Fund II Strategic Partners L.P., Accel London Investors 2012 L.P. and Accel London III L.P. Sameer K. Gandhi, a member of our board of directors, is an affiliate of Accel.
(2)
References to "CapitalG" refer to either or both of CapitalG LP and CapitalG 2015 LP.
(3)
References to "Warburg Pincus" refer to either or both of Warburg Pincus Private Equity X, L.P. and Warburg Pincus X Partners, L.P. Affiliates of Warburg Pincus holding our securities whose shares are aggregated for purposes of reporting share ownership information are Warburg Pincus Private Equity X, L.P. and Warburg Pincus X Partners, L.P. Cary J. Davis and Joseph P. Landy, members of our board of directors, are affiliates of Warburg Pincus.

Series D-1 Financing

          In October 2017, we sold an aggregate of 5,393,976 shares of our Series D-1 redeemable convertible preferred stock, or Series D-1 preferred stock, at a purchase price of $5.69 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $30.7 million. Each share of our Series D-1 preferred stock will convert automatically into one share of our Class B common stock immediately prior to the completion of this offering. The following table summarizes purchases of our Series D-1 preferred stock by related persons:

Stockholder
  Shares of Series D-1
Preferred Stock
  Total Purchase Price  

CapitalG LP

    4,392,492   $ 25,000,000  

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Series E and E-1 Financing

          From June 2018 through September 2018, we sold an aggregate of 8,797,811 shares of our Series E redeemable convertible preferred stock, or Series E preferred stock, and 3,777,086 shares of our Series E-1 redeemable convertible preferred stock, or Series E-1 preferred stock, at a purchase price of $16.46 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $207.0 million. Each share of our Series E-1 preferred stock subsequently converted into one share of our Series E preferred stock, resulting in an aggregate of 12,574,897 outstanding shares of our Series E preferred stock. Each share of our Series E preferred stock will convert automatically into one share of our Class B common stock immediately prior to the completion of this offering. The following table summarizes purchases of our Series E preferred stock and Series E-1 preferred stock by related persons:

Stockholder
  Shares of Series E
Preferred Stock
  Shares of Series E-1
Preferred Stock
  Total Purchase Price  

Entities affiliated with Accel(1)

    718,289     2,319,127   $ 49,999,998  

CapitalG LP

        1,457,959   $ 23,999,988  

(1)
Affiliates of Accel holding our securities whose shares are aggregated for purposes of reporting share ownership information are Accel Growth Fund Investors 2013 L.L.C., Accel Growth Fund II L.P., Accel Growth Fund II Strategic Partners L.P., Accel Leaders Fund L.P. and Accel Leaders Fund Investors 2016 L.L.C. Sameer K. Gandhi, a member of our board of directors, is an affiliate of Accel.

Stockholders Agreement

          We are party to a stockholders agreement with certain holders of our capital stock, including entities affiliated with Warburg Pincus, Accel and CapitalG, which are each holders of 5% or more of our capital stock, Denis J. O'Leary and an entity affiliated with Gerhard Watzinger, who are each directors, and entities affiliated with George Kurtz, who is a director and an executive officer and is affiliated with entities holding 5% or more of our capital stock, which provides, among other things, that we will use our commercially reasonable efforts so as to ensure that the composition of our board of directors complies with the provisions of the stockholders agreement related to the composition of our board of directors, which are discussed in the section titled "Management—Board of Directors." Such provisions of the stockholders agreement will terminate upon the closing of this offering.

Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement

          We are party to an amended and restated registration rights agreement, or RRA, with certain holders of our capital stock, including entities affiliated with Warburg Pincus, Accel and CapitalG, which each hold 5% or more of our capital stock, Denis J. O'Leary and an entity affiliated with Gerhard Watzinger, who are each directors, and entities affiliated with George Kurtz, who is a director and an executive officer and is affiliated with entities holding 5% or more of our capital stock, which provides, among other things, that such stockholders have the right to demand that we file a registration statement or request that their shares of our capital stock be covered by a registration statement that we are otherwise filing. See the section titled "Description of Capital Stock—Registration Rights" for additional information regarding these registration rights.

Loans to Directors and Executive Officers

          We previously made loans to certain of our directors and executive officers. As described below, each of the loans has been repaid and terminated.

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Loan to George Kurtz

          In November 2015, we loaned George Kurtz, our President and Chief Executive Officer and a member of our board of directors, $1,000,000 with interest at 0.49%, compounded annually. The loan was made pursuant to a full recourse promissory note and secured by a pledge of 720,720 shares held by Mr. Kurtz. In November 2017, Mr. Kurtz repaid the outstanding principal and interest due under the loan and we terminated the promissory note. A total of $10,058 in interest was paid under the loan.

Loan to Dmitri Alperovitch

          In November 2015, we loaned Dmitri Alperovitch, our Chief Technology Officer, $1,000,000 with interest at 0.49%, compounded annually. The loan was made pursuant to a full recourse promissory note and secured by a pledge of 720,720 shares held by Mr. Alperovitch. In November 2017, Mr. Alperovitch repaid the outstanding principal and interest due under the loan and we terminated the promissory note. A total of $10,044 in interest was paid under the loan.

Loan to Burt W. Podbere

          In February 2016, we loaned Burt Podbere, our Chief Financial Officer, $249,750 with interest at 0.81%, compounded semi-annually, in connection with Mr. Podbere's early exercise of 150,000 options to purchase shares of our Class B common stock. The loan was made pursuant to a recourse promissory note with partial recourse as to 51% of the amount the loan and secured in full by a pledge of 150,000 shares held by Mr. Podbere. In February 2018, Mr. Podbere repaid the outstanding principal and interest due under the loan and we terminated the promissory note. A total of $3,783 in interest was paid under the loan.

Loan to Joseph E. Sexton

          In March 2017, we loaned Joseph E. Sexton, a member of our board of directors, $370,750 with interest at 1.01%, compounded semi-annually, in connection with Mr. Sexton's early exercise of 370,000 options to purchase shares of our Class B common stock. The loan was made pursuant to a recourse promissory note with partial recourse as to 51% of the amount the loan and secured in full by a pledge of 370,000 shares held by Mr. Sexton. In April 2017, Mr. Sexton repaid the outstanding principal and interest due under the loan and we terminated the promissory note. A total of $389 in interest was paid under the loan.

Right of First Refusal

          Pursuant to our equity compensation plans and the stockholders agreement, certain holders of our capital stock and we or our assignees have a right of first refusal to purchase shares of our capital stock proposed to be sold by certain of our stockholders to other parties. These rights will terminate upon completion of this offering.

          In October 2017, certain of our stockholders, including George Kurtz, our President and Chief Executive Officer and a member of our board of directors, and Dmitri Alperovitch, our Chief Technology Officer, sold shares of our Class B common stock for aggregate proceeds of $17.5 million. The aggregate proceeds received by Messrs. Kurtz and Alperovitch were $11.4 million. We waived our right of first refusal in connection with these sales.

          In October 2018, shares of our Class B common stock were purchased pursuant to a third-party tender offer for aggregate proceeds of $37.6 million from certain of our employees and directors, including sales by entities affiliated with George Kurtz, our President and Chief Executive Officer and a member of our board of directors, Dmitri Alperovitch, our Chief Technology Officer,

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Michael Carpenter, our President of Global Sales and Field Operations, and Denis J. O'Leary and Gerhard Watzinger, members of our board of directors, for aggregate proceeds of $19.2 million. The purchasers included certain of our stockholders, including an aggregate of $11.1 million in shares purchased by CapitalG LP and entities affiliated with Accel. We waived our right of first refusal in connection with this third-party tender offer.

          See the section titled "Principal Stockholders" for additional information regarding beneficial ownership of our capital stock.

Commercial Arrangements

          During fiscal 2019, we recorded revenue of $1.5 million for subscription services sold to Google LLC, which is an affiliate of CapitalG, a 5% stockholder. During fiscal 2018, we recorded revenue of $0.1 million for subscription services and professional services sold to Google LLC. During fiscal 2017, fiscal 2018, and fiscal 2019, we purchased goods and services totaling $0.3 million, $0.4 million, and $1.0 million, respectively, from subsidiaries of Alphabet Inc., which is an affiliate of CapitalG.

          Other than as described above under this section titled "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions," since February 1, 2016, we have not entered into any transactions, nor are there any currently proposed transactions, between us and a related party where the amount involved exceeds, or would exceed, $120,000, and in which any related person had or will have a direct or indirect material interest. We believe the terms of the transactions described above were comparable to terms we could have obtained in arm's-length dealings with unrelated third parties.


Directed Share Program

          At our request, the underwriters have reserved 5% of the shares of Class A common stock to be offered by this prospectus for sale, at the initial public offering price, to directors, officers, employees, and their friends and family members. The directed share program will not limit the ability of our directors, officers and their affiliates, or holders of more than 5% of our common stock, to purchase more than $120,000 in value of our common stock. We do not currently know the extent to which these related persons will participate in our directed share program, if at all, or to the extent they will purchase more than $120,000 in value of our common stock.

Limitation of Liability and Indemnification Matters

          Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to be effective upon the completion of this offering, will provide that we will indemnify our directors and officers and may indemnify our employees and other agents, to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, which prohibits our amended and restated certificate of incorporation from limiting the liability of our directors for the following:

          If Delaware law is amended to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the personal liability of a director, then the liability of our directors will be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, as so amended. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation does not eliminate a director's duty of care and in appropriate circumstances,

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equitable remedies, such as injunctive or other forms of non-monetary relief, remain available under Delaware law. This provision also does not affect a director's responsibilities under any other laws, such as the federal securities laws or other state or federal laws.

          In addition to the indemnification required in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, we have entered into and expect to continue to enter into agreements to indemnify each of our current directors, officers and some employees, that may be broader than the specific indemnification provisions contained in the Delaware General Corporation Law. With specified exceptions, these agreements provide indemnification for certain expenses and liabilities incurred in connection with any action, suit, proceeding or alternative dispute resolution mechanism, or hearing, inquiry or investigation that may lead to the foregoing, to which they are a party, or are threatened to be made a party, by reason of the fact that they are or were a director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary of our company, or any of our subsidiaries, by reason of any action or inaction by them while serving as an officer, director, agent, or fiduciary, or by reason of the fact that they were serving at our request as a director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary of another entity. In the case of an action or proceeding by, or in the right of, our company or any of our subsidiaries, no indemnification will be provided for any claim where a court determines that the indemnified party is prohibited from receiving indemnification. Certain of our non-employee directors may, through their relationships with their employers, be insured and/or indemnified against certain liabilities incurred in their capacity as members of our board of directors. Our directors who are affiliated with venture capital firms also have certain rights of indemnification provided by their venture capital funds and the affiliates of those funds, together referred to as the Fund Indemnitors. We have agreed to reimburse the Fund Indemnitors for advancements they made to their affiliated directors for matters that such directors are entitled to indemnification from us. We believe that these bylaw provisions and indemnification agreements are necessary to attract and retain qualified persons as directors and officers.

          The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duties. They may also reduce the likelihood of derivative litigation against directors and officers, even though an action, if successful, might benefit us and our stockholders. A stockholder's investment may be harmed to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions. Insofar as we may provide indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act to our directors, officers and controlling persons pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, we have been advised that, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. There is no pending litigation or proceeding naming any of our directors or officers as to which indemnification is being sought, nor are we aware of any pending or threatened litigation that may result in claims for indemnification by any director or officer.

          We have obtained insurance policies under which, subject to the limitations of the policies, coverage is provided to our directors and executive officers against loss arising from claims made by reason of breach of fiduciary duty or other wrongful acts as a director or executive officer, including claims relating to public securities matters, and to us with respect to payments that may be made by us to these directors and executive officers pursuant to our indemnification obligations or otherwise as a matter of law.

          The underwriting agreement will provide for indemnification by the underwriters of us and our officers and directors for certain liabilities arising under the Securities Act, or otherwise.

          Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling our company pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we

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have been informed that, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

Policies and Procedures for Related Party Transactions

          Prior to the completion of this offering, we will adopt a formal written policy providing that our executive officers, directors, nominees for election as directors, persons known to us to be beneficial owners of more than 5% of any class of our voting securities and any member of the immediate family of any of the foregoing persons, are not permitted to enter into a related-party transaction with us without the consent or ratification of our board of directors, audit committee, or a comparable body of the board of directors consisting solely of independent directors, subject to the exceptions described below.

          In approving or rejecting any such proposal, our committee is to consider the relevant facts and circumstances, including the commercial reasonableness of the transaction's terms, its business purpose, the materiality and character of the related person's interest, and the related person's actual or apparent conflict of interest. Certain transactions will not require approval, including certain employment arrangements of executive officers, director compensation, transactions involving the purchase or sale of products or services in the ordinary course of business not exceeding $120,000; transactions in which the related party's interest derives solely from his or her service as a director of another corporation that is party to the transaction; transactions in which the related party's interest derives solely from his or her ownership of less than 10% of the equity interest in another person, which is a party to the transaction; and, transactions where a related party's interest arises solely from the ownership of our equity securities and all holders of that class of our equity securities received the same benefit on a pro rata basis.

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PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS

          The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our capital stock as of May 14, 2019, and as adjusted to reflect the sale of our Class A common stock offered by us in this offering assuming no exercise of the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares of our Class A common stock from us, for:

          We have determined beneficial ownership in accordance with the rules of the SEC, and the information is not necessarily indicative of beneficial ownership for any other purpose. Except as indicated by the footnotes below, we believe, based on information furnished to us, that the persons and entities named in the table below have sole voting and sole investment power with respect to all shares of Class B common stock that they beneficially owned, subject to applicable community property laws.

          Applicable percentage ownership prior to this offering is based on 182,108,291 shares of Class B common stock outstanding at May 14, 2019, after giving effect to the conversion of all outstanding shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock into shares of Class B common stock, assuming that the underwriters will not exercise their option to purchase up to an additional 2,700,000 shares of our Class A common stock and excluding any potential purchases pursuant to the directed share program in this offering. In computing the number of shares of common stock beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership and voting power of such person, we deemed to be outstanding all shares of common stock subject to equity awards held by the person that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of May 14, 2019. We did not deem such shares outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership or voting power of any other person. However, voting power under our amended and restated certificate of incorporation is calculated based on shares of Class A and Class B common stock actually outstanding as of the applicable record date. See the section titled "Description of Capital Stock."

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          Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each beneficial owner listed in the table below is c/o CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc. 150 Mathilda Place, Suite 300, Sunnyvale, California 94086.

 
  Class B
Shares
Beneficially
Owned Before
This Offering
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
   
  Beneficial Ownership After
This Offering
   
 
 
  % Total
Voting
Power
Before This
Offering(1)
  % Total
Voting
Power
After This
Offering(1)
 
 
  Class A   Class B  
 
  Number of
Shares
   
 
Name of Beneficial Owner
  %   Shares   %   Shares   %  

5% Stockholders:

                                                 

Entities affiliated with Warburg Pincus(2)

    54,938,776     30.2     30.2             54,938,776     30.2     29.9  

Entities affiliated with Accel(3)

    36,718,466     20.2     20.2             36,718,466     20.2     20.0  

Entities affiliated with CapitalG(4)

    20,275,670     11.1     11.1             20,275,670     11.1     11.0  

Named Executive Officers and Directors:

   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 

George Kurtz(5)

    19,049,344     10.4     10.4             19,049,344     10.4     10.1  

Colin Black(6)

    592,083     *                 592,083     *      

Burt Podbere(7)

    1,353,729     *                 1,353,729     *      

Roxanne S. Austin(8)

    52,031     *                 52,031     *      

Cary J. Davis(9)

                                 

Sameer K. Gandhi(10)

    36,718,466     20.2     20.2             36,718,466     20.2     20.0  

Joseph P. Landy(11)

    54,938,776     30.2     30.2             54,938,776     30.2     29.9  

Denis J. O'Leary(12)

    1,217,500     *                 1,217,500     *      

Joseph E. Sexton(13)

    370,000     *                 370,000     *      

Godfrey R. Sullivan(14)

    370,000     *                 370,000     *      

Gerhard Watzinger(15)

    1,200,000     *                 1,200,000     *      

All executive officers and directors as a group (11 persons)(16)

    115,861,929     63.3     63.3             115,861,929     63.3     62.1  

*
Represents beneficial ownership of less than one percent (1%) of the outstanding shares of our common stock.
(1)
Percentage of total voting power represents voting power with respect to all shares of our Class A and Class B common stock, as a single class. The holders of our Class B common stock are entitled to ten votes per share, and holders of our Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share. See the section titled "Description of Capital Stock—Common Stock" for more information about the voting rights of our Class A and Class B common stock.
(2)
Consists of (i) 53,235,674 shares held of record by Warburg Pincus Private Equity X, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, or WPPE X, and (ii) 1,703,102 shares held of record by Warburg Pincus X Partners, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, or WPXP and, together with WPPE X, the WPP Funds. Warburg Pincus X, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, or WP X LP, is the general partner of the WPP Funds. Warburg Pincus X GP L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, or WP X GP, is the general partner of WP X LP. WPP GP LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, or WPP GP, is the general partner of WP X GP. Warburg Pincus Partners, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, or WP Partners, is the managing member of WPP GP. Warburg Pincus Partners GP LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, or WP Partners GP, is the general partner of WP Partners. Warburg Pincus & Co., a New York general partnership, or WP, is the managing member of WP Partners GP. Warburg Pincus LLC, a New York limited liability company, or WP LLC, is the manager of the WPP Funds. Charles R. Kaye and Joseph P. Landy, a member of our board of directors, are each Managing General Partners of WP and Managing Members and Co-Chief Executive Officers of WP LLC and may each be deemed to control the Warburg Pincus entities. Messrs. Kaye and Landy disclaim beneficial ownership of all shares held by the Warburg Pincus entities. The business address for each of these entities and individuals is c/o Warburg Pincus & Co., 450 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10019.
(3)
Consists of (i) 18,716,244 shares held of record by Accel Growth Fund II L.P., or AGF2, (ii) 1,355,803 shares held of record by Accel Growth Fund II Strategic Partners L.P., or AGF2 SP and, together with AGF2, the AGF2 Funds, (iii) 2,009,414 shares held of record by Accel Growth Fund Investors 2013 L.L.C., or AGF2013, (iv) 8,554,336 shares held of record by Accel Leaders Fund L.P., or ALF, (v) 408,716 shares held of record by Accel Leaders Fund Investors 2016 L.L.C., or ALF2016, (vi) 5,547,991 shares held of record Accel London III L.P., or AL3, and (vii) 125,962 shares held of record Accel London Investors 2012 L.P., or ALI and, together with AL3, the AL3 Funds. Accel Growth Fund II Associates L.L.C., or AGF2A, is the General Partner of the AGF2 Funds and has sole voting and investment power. Accel Leaders Fund Associates L.L.C., or ALFA, is the General Partner of ALF and has sole voting and investment power. Andrew G. Braccia, Sameer K. Gandhi, a member of our board of directors, Ping Li, Tracy L. Sedlock, Ryan J. Sweeney and Richard P. Wong are the Managing Members of AGF2A, AGF2013 and ALFA, and share such powers. Accel London III Associates L.L.C., or AL3A LLC, is the General Partner of ALI and Accel London III Associates L.P., is the General Partner of AL3. AL3A LLC has sole voting and investment power. Jonathan Biggs, Kevin Comolli, Sonali De Rycker, Bruce Golden and Hendrick Nelis are the Managers of AL3A LLC and share such powers. The business address for each of these entities and individuals is c/o Accel, 500 University Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94301.

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(4)
Consists of 12,142,044 shares of Class B common stock held of record by CapitalG 2015 LP and 8,133,626 shares of Class B common stock held of record by CapitalG LP. CapitalG 2015 GP LLC, the general partner of CapitalG 2015 LP, may be deemed to have sole voting and dispositive power with respect to the shares held by CapitalG 2015 LP. CapitalG GP LLC, the general partner of CapitalG LP, may be deemed to have sole voting and dispositive power with respect to the shares held by CapitalG LP. Alphabet Holdings LLC, the managing member of CapitalG 2015 GP LLC and CapitalG GP LLC, XXVI Holdings Inc., the managing member of Alphabet Holdings LLC, and Alphabet Inc., the controlling stockholder of XXVI Holdings Inc., may each be deemed to have sole voting and dispositive power with respect to the shares held by CapitalG 2015 LP and CapitalG LP. The address for these entities is 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, California 94043.
(5)
Consists of (i) 1,055,967 shares held of record by Mr. Kurtz, of which 901,972 may be repurchased by us at the original exercise price, (ii) 13,605,326 shares held of record by the Kurtz 2009 Spendthrift Trust, dated 4/2/2009, for which Mr. Kurtz serves as trustee, (iii) 1,968,031 shares held of record by the Allegra Kurtz Irrevocable Gift Trust dated December 14, 2011, for which Mr. Kurtz serves as trustee, (iv) 1,968,031 shares held of record by the Alexander Kurtz Irrevocable Gift Trust dated December 14, 2011, for which Mr. Kurtz serves as trustee, (v) 100,000 shares held of record by the Kurtz Family Dynasty Trust, for which Mr. Kurtz serves as investment advisor, and (vi) 351,989 shares subject to options exercisable within 60 days of May 14, 2019, of which none are fully vested as of such date. In connection with a personal loan, Mr. Kurtz has granted to the lender a security interest in 4,750,000 of the shares of our Class B common stock held by Mr. Kurtz, as trustee of the Kurtz 2009 Spendthrift Trust, dated 4/2/2009.
(6)
Consists of 592,083 shares subject to options exercisable within 60 days of May 14, 2019, of which 498,333 are fully vested as of such date.
(7)
Consists of (i) 1,338,299 shares held of record by Mr. Podbere, of which 135,384 may be repurchased by us at the original exercise price as of May 14, 2019 and (ii) 15,430 shares subject to options exercisable within 60 days of May 14, 2019, all of which are fully vested as of such date. In connection with a personal loan, Mr. Podbere has granted to the lender a security interest in 1,338,299 of the shares of our Class B common stock held by Mr. Podbere. In addition, Mr. Podbere has entered into a financing transaction with a third party that transfers the economic interest in 590,000 shares of his Class B common stock to such third party.
(8)
Consists of 52,031 shares subject to options exercisable within 60 days of May 14, 2019, all of which are fully vested as of such date.
(9)
Does not include shares held by the WPP Funds. Mr. Davis is a Partner of WP and a Member and Managing Director of Warburg Pincus LLC, the manager of the WPP Funds but does not have voting or dispositive power over the shares held by the WPP Funds. The address for Mr. Davis is 450 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10019.
(10)
Consists of the shares disclosed in footnote (3) above which are held by entities affiliated with Accel.
(11)
All shares indicated as owned by Mr. Landy are included because of his affiliation with Warburg Pincus. Mr. Landy disclaims beneficial ownership of all shares held by Warburg Pincus. The address for Mr. Landy is c/o Warburg Pincus & Co., 450 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10019.
(12)
Consists of 1,217,500 shares held of record by Mr. O'Leary, of which 87,500 may be repurchased by us at the original exercise price as of May 14, 2019.
(13)
Consists of 370,000 shares held of record by Mr. Sexton, of which 43,750 may be repurchased by us at the original exercise price as of May 14, 2019.
(14)
Consists of 370,000 shares held of record by Mr. Sullivan, of which 238,959 may be repurchased by us at the original exercise price as of May 14, 2019.
(15)
Consists of (i) 600,000 shares held of record by Mr. Watzinger, of which 67,084 may be repurchased by us at the original exercise price as of May 14, 2019, and (ii) 600,000 shares held of record by Clavius Capital LLC, for which Mr. Watzinger has sole voting and dispositive power.
(16)
Consists of (i) 114,291,073 shares beneficially owned by our executive officers and directors, 915,326 of which may be repurchased by us at the original exercise price as of May 14, 2019, and (ii) 1,570,856 shares subject to options exercisable within 60 days of May 14, 2019, of which 565,794 shares are fully vested as of such date.

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DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

General

          The following is a summary of certain important rights of our capital stock, and certain provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws as they are expected to be in effect after the completion of this offering. Because it is only a summary, it may contain all the information that may be important to you. For a complete description of the matters set forth in this Section titled "Description of Capital Stock," you should refer to the provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, amended and restated bylaws and RRA, copies of which are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, and to the applicable provisions of Delaware law.

          Immediately following the completion of this offering, our authorized capital stock will consist of 2,400,000,000 shares of capital stock, par value $0.0005 per share, of which:

          Our board of directors is authorized, without stockholder approval, except as required by the listing standards of Nasdaq, to issue additional shares of our capital stock.

          As of January 31, 2019, there were 178,688,971 shares of our Class B common stock outstanding, held by 458 stockholders of record, and no shares of our redeemable convertible preferred stock outstanding, assuming the automatic conversion of all outstanding shares of our redeemable convertible preferred stock into shares of our Class B common stock effective immediately prior to the completion of this offering.

Common Stock

          We will have two classes of authorized common stock, Class A common stock and Class B common stock. The rights of the holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are identical, expect with respect to voting and conversion.

          Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any preferred stock outstanding at the time, the holders of outstanding shares of common stock are entitled to receive ratably any dividends declared by our board of directors out of assets legally available. See the section titled "Dividend Policy" for additional information.

          Shares of our Class A common stock will be entitled to one vote per share. Shares of our Class B common stock will be entitled to 10 votes per share. The holders of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock will generally vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to a vote of our stockholders unless otherwise required by Delaware law or our amended and restated certificate of incorporation.

          Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will provide that prior to the Final Conversion Date (as defined below), we shall not, without the prior affirmative vote of the holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares of Class B common stock, voting as a separate class, in

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addition to any other vote required by applicable law or our amended and restated certificate of incorporation:

          Additionally, Delaware law could require either holders of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock to vote separately as a single class in the following circumstances:

          Upon our liquidation, dissolution, or winding up, holders of our common stock are entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining after payment of liabilities and the liquidation preference of any then outstanding shares of preferred stock. Holders of common stock have no preemptive or conversion rights or other subscription rights.

          Our common stock is not entitled to preemptive rights, and there are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the common stock.

          Each share of Class B common stock will automatically convert into one share of Class A common stock on the Final Conversion Date, which is the earliest of (X) the date specified by the holders of two-thirds of the then outstanding shares of our Class B common stock voting as a separate class, (Y) the date on which the number of outstanding shares of our Class B common stock represents less than 5% of the number of outstanding shares of our Class A common stock and our Class B common stock, taken together as a single class, provided that shares of Class A common stock issued after an initial public offering in connection with any acquisition by the Company or any of our subsidiaries of the securities, business, technology, property or other assets of another person or entity or in connection with the entry by us or any of our subsidiaries into any joint venture, commercial relationship or other strategic transaction (any such shares of Class A

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common stock being referred to as "Acquisition Securities") shall not be considered to be "outstanding" for the purposes of the proviso, and provided further that a determination by the board of directors as to whether shares of Class A common stock constitute Acquisition Securities shall be conclusive and binding; and (z) the date that is nine months after the death or permanent and total disability of our founder, George Kurtz, provided that such date may be extended by a majority of the independent members of our board of directors to a date that is not longer than 18 months from the date of such death or disability.

          In addition, a holder's shares of Class B common stock will automatically convert into shares of Class A common stock upon (i) the affirmative written election of such Class B stockholder, (ii) the occurrence of a transfer, except for certain transfers described in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, including certain transfers where sole dispositive power and exclusive voting control with respect to the shares of the Class B common stock are retained by the transferring holder and transfers of Class B common stock made by an Identified Fund Stockholder (as defined in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation) to a fund managed or advised by such Identified Fund Stockholder, or (iii) if such holder is a natural person, the death of such holder.

Preferred Stock

          After the completion of this offering, no shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock will be outstanding. Pursuant to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our board of directors will have the authority, without further action by the stockholders, to issue from time to time up to 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series. Our board of directors may designate the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of the preferred stock, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, redemption rights, liquidation preference, sinking fund terms, and the number of shares constituting any series or the designation of any series. The issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of restricting dividends on the common stock, diluting the voting power of the common stock, impairing the liquidation rights of the common stock or delaying, deterring, or preventing a change in control. Such issuance could have the effect of decreasing the market price of the common stock. We currently have no plans to issue any shares of preferred stock.

Option Awards

          As of January 31, 2019, we had outstanding options to purchase an aggregate of 26,535,487 shares of our Class B common stock, with a weighted-average exercise price of $3.87 per share, under our 2011 Plan. From January 31, 2019 to April 30, 2019, we granted options to purchase 879,758 shares of our Class B common stock, with a weighted-average exercise price of $14.65.

Restricted Stock Units

          As of January 31, 2019, we had outstanding RSUs that, upon the satisfaction of a performance-based vesting condition, may be settled for an aggregate of 4,059,407 shares of our Class B common stock. From January 31, 2019 to April 30, 2019, we granted additional RSUs that, upon to the satisfaction of a performance-based vesting condition, may be settled for an aggregate of 853,188 shares of our Class B common stock.

Warrants

          As of January 31, 2019, we had outstanding warrants to purchase (i) an aggregate of 170,818 shares of our Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock at an exercise price of $1.41 per share and (ii) an aggregate of 165,568 shares of our Series C redeemable convertible preferred

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stock at an exercise price of $4.53 per share. Upon the closing of this offering, each of the warrants will become exercisable for an equivalent number of shares of our Class B common stock.

Registration Rights

          After the completion of this offering, certain holders of our common stock will be entitled to rights with respect to the registration of their shares under the Securities Act. These registration rights are contained in our RRA, to which we and certain holders of our capital stock are parties. The registration rights under the RRA will terminate (i) with respect to any particular stockholder that beneficially own less than 3% of our outstanding common stock, at such time that such stockholder can sell all of its shares during any 90-day period pursuant to Rule 144 of the Securities Act, (ii) with respect to any particular stockholder, at such time that all shares held by such stockholder have been sold in a registration pursuant to the Securities Act or pursuant to an exemption therefrom, or (iii) with respect to any stockholder that is an officer, director, employee or consultant of us, on the date on which such person ceases to be an employee of us.

          Pursuant to the terms of the RRA, we will pay the registration expenses (other than underwriting discounts, selling commissions and stock transfer taxes) of the holders of the shares registered pursuant to the registrations described below. We expect that our stockholders will waive their rights under the RRA (i) to notice of this offering and (ii) to include their registrable shares in this offering. In addition, in connection with this offering, each stockholder that is party to the RRA has agreed not to sell or otherwise dispose of any securities without the prior written consent of the underwriters for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus, subject to certain terms and conditions and early release of certain holders in specified circumstances. See the section titled "Underwriting" for additional information.

          In addition, we are a party to a Plain English Warrant Agreement that provides, among other things, that TriplePoint Venture Growth BDC Corp. will have the same rights for the shares of our common stock issued upon exercise of the warrant as our other holders have under the RRA.

Demand Registration Rights

          After the completion of this offering, the holders of up to 163,916,832 shares of our common stock will be entitled to certain demand registration rights. At any time beginning 6 months after the effective date of this offering, such holders can request that we register the offer and sale of their shares in an underwritten offering. We are obligated to effect up to three such registrations at the request of certain our institutional stockholders (in addition to any short form registrations described below) and up to one such registration at the request of certain other of our stockholders, provided that we are not obligated to effect more than two short form registrations or underwritten offerings in any 12-month period or any such registration that is not reasonably anticipated to result in aggregate proceeds (before deducting underwriting commissions and offering expenses) of at least $20.0 million. If we determine that it would require making an adverse disclosure to effect such a demand registration, we have the right to defer such registration, not more than twice in any 12-month period or for an aggregate of up to 90 days in any 12-month period.

Piggyback Registration Rights

          After the completion of this offering, if we propose to register the offer and sale of our common stock under the Securities Act, in connection with the public offering of such common stock the holders of up to 163,916,832 shares of our common stock will be entitled to certain "piggyback" registration rights. If we register any of our securities under the Securities Act for our own account or for the account of another securityholder, subject to certain exceptions, the holders of these shares will be entitled to notice of the registration and to include their registrable securities

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in the registration. The underwriters of any underwritten offering have the right to limit the number of shares registered by these holders for marketing reasons, subject to limitations as set forth in the RRA.

Form S-3 Registration Rights

          After the completion of this offering, if we are eligible to file a registration statement on Form S-3, the holders of up to 163,916,832 shares of our common stock have the right, upon written request from holders of these shares, to have such shares registered by us if the registration is reasonably anticipated to result in aggregate proceeds (before deducting underwriting commissions and offering expenses) of at least $20.0 million. If we determine that it would require making an adverse disclosure to effect such a demand registration, we have the right to defer such registration, not more than twice in any 12-month period and for an aggregate of up to 90 days. After the one year anniversary of this offering, to the extent we are not eligible to file or maintain a registration statement on Form S-3, certain of our stockholders may make a written request that we file a registration statement on Form S-1, subject to limitations as set forth in the RRA.

Anti-Takeover Provisions

          Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws to be effective upon the completion of this offering will contain provisions that could have the effect of delaying, deferring or discouraging another party from acquiring control of us. These provisions and certain provisions of Delaware law, which are summarized below, could discourage takeovers, coercive or otherwise. These provisions are also designed, in part, to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to negotiate first with our board of directors. We believe that the benefits of increased protection of our potential ability to negotiate with an unfriendly or unsolicited acquirer outweigh the disadvantages of discouraging a proposal to acquire us.

          Issuance of Undesignated Preferred Stock.    As discussed above in the section titled "Preferred Stock," our board of directors will have the ability to designate and issue preferred stock with voting or other rights or preferences that could deter hostile takeovers or delay changes in our control or management.

          Limits on Ability of Stockholders to Act by Written Consent or Call a Special Meeting.    Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will provide that our stockholders may not act by written consent after the first date on which the number of outstanding shares of our Class B common stock represents less than 10% of the aggregate number of outstanding shares of our Class A common stock and our Class B common stock, taken together as a single class. This limit on the ability of stockholders to act by written consent may lengthen the amount of time required to take stockholder actions. As a result, the holders of a majority of our capital stock would not be able to amend the amended and restated bylaws or remove directors without holding a meeting of stockholders called in accordance with the amended and restated bylaws.

          In addition, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will provide that special meetings of the stockholders may be called only by the chairman of the board, the chief executive officer, or our board of directors acting pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the board of directors. A stockholder may not call a special meeting, which may delay the ability of our stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or for holders controlling a majority of our capital stock to take any action, including the removal of directors.

          Advance Requirements for Advance Notification of Stockholder Nominations and Proposals.    Our amended and restated bylaws will establish advance notice procedures with respect to stockholder proposals and the nomination of candidates for election as directors, other than

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nominations made by or at the direction of our board of directors or a committee of the board of directors. These advance notice procedures may have the effect of precluding the conduct of certain business at a meeting if the proper procedures are not followed and may also discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect its own slate of directors or otherwise attempt to obtain control of our company.

          Board Classification.    Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that our board of directors will be divided into three classes, one class of which is elected each year by our stockholders. The directors in each class will serve for a three-year term. For more information on the classified board of directors, see "Management—Board of Directors." Our classified board of directors may tend to discourage a third party from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us because it generally makes it more difficult for stockholders to replace a majority of the directors.

          Election and Removal of Directors.    Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws contain provisions that establish specific procedures for appointing and removing members of our board of directors. Under our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws, vacancies and newly created directorships on our board of directors may be filled only by a majority of the directors then serving on the board of directors. Under our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws, directors may be removed only for cause by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the total voting power of all outstanding securities of the Company generally entitled to vote in the election of directors, voting together as a single class.

          No Cumulative Voting.    The Delaware General Corporation Law provides that stockholders are not entitled to the right to cumulate votes in the election of directors unless our restated certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Our restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws do not expressly provide for cumulative voting. Without cumulative voting, a minority stockholder may not be able to gain as many seats on our board of directors as the stockholder would be able to gain if cumulative voting were permitted. The absence of cumulative voting makes it more difficult for a minority stockholder to gain a seat on our board of directors to influence our board of directors' decision regarding a takeover.

          Amendment of Charter Provision.    Certain amendments to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will require the approval of two-thirds of the then-outstanding voting power of our capital stock.

          Delaware Anti-Takeover Statute.    We will be subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law regulating corporate takeovers. In general, Section 203 prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging, under certain circumstances, in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years following the date the person became an interested stockholder unless:

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          Generally, a business combination includes a merger, asset or stock sale, or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. An interested stockholder is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns or, within three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder status, did own 15% or more of a corporation's outstanding voting stock. We expect the existence of this provision to have an anti-takeover effect with respect to transactions our board of directors does not approve in advance. We also anticipate that Section 203 may discourage attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares of common stock held by stockholders.

          The provisions of Delaware law and the provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws could have the effect of discouraging others from attempting hostile takeovers and as a consequence, they might also inhibit temporary fluctuations in the market price of our common stock that often result from actual or rumored hostile takeover attempts. These provisions might also have the effect of preventing changes in our management. It is also possible that these provisions could make it more difficult to accomplish transactions that stockholders might otherwise deem to be in their best interests.

Exclusive Forum

          Our amended and restated bylaws will provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the sole and exclusive forum for (1) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (2) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers, or other employees to us or our stockholders, (3) any action asserting a claim against the company or any director or officer of the company arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, (4) any action to interpret, apply, enforce, or determine the validity of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or amended and restated bylaws, or (5) any other action asserting a claim that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine shall be a state or federal court located within the State of Delaware, in all cases subject to the court's having jurisdiction over indispensable parties named as defendants. However, this exclusive forum provision would not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act. In addition, our amended and restated bylaws will provide that the federal district courts of the United States will be the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act, subject to and contingent upon a final adjudication in the State of Delaware of the enforceability of such exclusive forum provision. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in our shares of capital stock shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to these provisions. Although we believe these provisions benefit us by providing increased consistency in the application of Delaware law or federal law for the specified types of actions and proceedings, these provisions may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against us or our directors and officers.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

          Upon the completion of this offering, the transfer agent and registrar for our common stock will be American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC. The transfer agent's address is 6201 15th Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11219, and its telephone number is (800) 937-5449.

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Limitation of Liability and Indemnification

          See the section titled "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Limitation of Liability and Indemnification Matters."

Exchange Listing

          We have applied our Class A common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol "CRWD".

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SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE

          Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our Class A common stock, and we cannot assure you that a liquid trading market for our Class A common stock will develop or be sustained after this offering. Future sales of substantial amounts of shares of common stock, including shares issued upon the exercise of outstanding options, in the public market after this offering, or the possibility of these sales occurring, could adversely affect the prevailing market price for our Class A common stock or impair our ability to raise equity capital in the future. The effect of sales of our Class A common stock in the public market may be exacerbated by the relatively small public float of our Class A common stock following this offering. As described below, only a limited number of shares will be available for sale shortly after this offering due to contractual and legal restrictions on resale. Nevertheless, sales of our Class A common stock in the public market after such restrictions lapse, or the perception that those sales may occur, could adversely affect the prevailing market price at such time and our ability to raise equity capital in the future.

          Upon the completion of this offering, based on the number of shares of our capital stock outstanding as of January 31, 2019, we will have a total of 18,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock outstanding and 178,688,971 shares of our Class B common stock outstanding. Of these outstanding shares, all the shares of Class A common stock sold in this offering by us, plus any shares sold upon exercise of the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares, will be freely tradable in the public market without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act, unless those shares are held by "affiliates," as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act.

          The remaining outstanding shares of our common stock will be deemed "restricted securities" as defined in Rule 144. Restricted securities may be sold in the public market only if they are registered under the Securities Act or if they qualify for an exemption from registration under Rule 144 or Rule 701 promulgated under the Securities Act, which rules are summarized below. In addition, holders of substantially all of our equity securities are subject to market standoff agreements or have entered into lock-up agreements with the underwriters under which they have agreed, subject to specific exceptions, not to sell any of our stock for up to 180 days following the date of this prospectus, as described below. As a result of these agreements and the market standoff agreements," subject to the provisions of Rule 144 or Rule 701, following the expiration of the lock-up period, all shares subject to such provisions and agreements will be available for sale in the public market only if registered or pursuant to an exemption from registration under Rule 144 or Rule 701 under the Securities Act.

Rule 144

          In general, under Rule 144 as currently in effect, once we have been subject to public company reporting requirements for at least 90 days, a person who is not deemed to have been one of our affiliates for purposes of the Securities Act at any time during the 90 days preceding a sale and who has beneficially owned the shares proposed to be sold for at least six months, including the holding period of any prior owner other than our affiliates, is entitled to sell such shares (subject to the requirements of the lock-up agreements, as described below) without complying with the manner of sale, volume limitation or notice provisions of Rule 144, subject to compliance with the public information requirements of Rule 144. If such a person has beneficially owned the shares proposed to be sold for at least one year, including the holding period of any prior owner other than our affiliates, then such person is entitled to sell such shares (subject to the requirements of the lock-up agreements, as described below) without complying with any of the requirements of Rule 144.

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          In general, under Rule 144, as currently in effect, our affiliates or persons selling shares on behalf of our affiliates are entitled to sell upon expiration of the lock-up agreements described above, within any three-month period beginning 90 days after the date of this prospectus, a number of shares that does not exceed the greater of:

          Sales under Rule 144 by our affiliates or persons selling shares on behalf of our affiliates are also subject to certain manner of sale provisions and notice requirements and to the availability of current public information about us. Notwithstanding the availability of Rule 144, the holders of substantially all of our capital stock have entered into lock-up agreements as described below, and their restricted securities will become eligible for sale (subject to the above limitations under Rule 144) upon the expiration of the restrictions set forth in those agreements.

Rule 701

          Rule 701, as currently in effect, generally allows a stockholder who purchased shares of our capital stock pursuant to a written compensatory plan or contract and who is not deemed to have been an affiliate of our company during the immediately preceding 90 days to sell these shares (subject to the requirements of the lock-up agreements, as described below) in reliance upon Rule 144, but without being required to comply with the public information, holding period, volume limitation or notice provisions of Rule 144. Rule 701 also permits affiliates of our company to sell their Rule 701 shares under Rule 144 without complying with the holding period requirements of Rule 144. However, all holders of Rule 701 shares are required to wait until 90 days after the date of this prospectus (or until such later date that is required by the lock-up agreements, as described below) before selling such shares pursuant to Rule 701.

Lock-Up Agreements

          We, all of our directors and officers, and holders of substantially all of our securities outstanding immediately prior to this offering, have agreed that, without the prior written consent of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC on behalf of the underwriters, we and they will not, during the period ending 180 days after the date of this prospectus:

whether any such transaction described above is to be settled by delivery of shares of our common stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise, subject to certain exceptions. However, if (i) we have publicly released our earnings results for the quarterly period during which this offering occurred, and (ii) the 180-day lock-up period is scheduled to end during a broadly applicable period during which trading in our securities would not be permitted under our insider trading policy, or a blackout period, or within the five trading days prior to a blackout period, then the lock-up period applicable to our directors, officers, and securityholders will instead end ten trading days prior to the commencement of the blackout period; provided that in no event will the lock-up period end prior to 120 days after the date of this prospectus. In the event that ten trading days

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prior to the commencement of the blackout period is earlier than 120 days after the date of this prospectus, then the lock-up period shall end 120 days after the date of this prospectus; but only if such 120th day is at least five trading days before the start of such blackout period (and if not, then no such early release will occur and the lock-up period will remain 180 days after the date of this prospectus). We will publicly announce the date of any early release described in this paragraph at least five trading days prior to such early release. Notwithstanding anything else in this paragraph, we may elect, by written notice to Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC at least fifteen trading days before any early release, that no such early release will occur. The lock-up agreements applicable to our directors, officers, and securityholders, each referred to as a lock-up party, include certain exceptions to the restrictions on transfer, including with respect to certain of our significant stockholders, the pledge of shares of our capital stock in a bona fide transaction to third parties as collateral to secure obligations pursuant to lending or other similar arrangements relating to a financing arrangement for the benefit of the lock-up party and/or its affiliates, provided that the lender agrees to be bound by the lock-up restrictions; and, only after the 120th day after the date of this prospectus, the sale of any such pledged shares to or by such third parties in accordance with the terms of the agreement governing any such lending arrangement. In addition, Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC may, in its sole discretion, release all or some portion of the shares subject to lock-up agreements prior to the expiration of the lock-up period. See the section titled "Underwriting."

          In addition to the restrictions contained in the lock-up agreements described above, we have entered into agreements with certain securityholders, including the amended and restated registration rights agreement and our standard form of option agreement and restricted stock unit agreement, that certain market stand-off provisions imposing restrictions on the ability of such securityholders to offer, sell or transfer our equity securities for a period of up to 180 days following the date of this prospectus.

Registration Rights

          The holders of 163,916,832 shares of our Class B common stock (assuming automatic conversion of all outstanding shares of our redeemable convertible preferred stock into shares of Class B common stock immediately prior to the completion of this offering), or their permitted transferees, will be entitled to various rights with respect to the registration of these shares under the Securities Act. Registration of these shares under the Securities Act would result in these shares becoming fully tradable without restriction under the Securities Act immediately upon the effectiveness of the registration, except for shares purchased by affiliates. See the section titled "Description of Capital Stock—Registration Rights" for additional information.

Registration Statement on Form S-8

          Upon the completion of this offering, we intend to file a registration statement on Form S-8 under the Securities Act to register all of the shares of capital stock issued or reserved for issuance under our equity compensation plans. Shares covered by this registration statement will be eligible for sale in the public market, upon the expiration or release from the terms of the lock-up agreements and subject to vesting of such shares. See the section titled "Executive Compensation—Employee Benefit and Stock Plans" for a description of our equity compensation plans.

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MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME AND ESTATE TAX
CONSEQUENCES FOR NON-U.S. HOLDERS OF OUR CLASS A COMMON STOCK

          The following are the material U.S. federal income and estate tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of our Class A common stock acquired in this offering by a "Non-U.S. Holder" that does not own, and has not owned, actually or constructively, more than 5% of our Class A common stock. You are a Non-U.S. Holder if for U.S. federal income tax purposes you are a beneficial owner of our Class A common stock that is:

          You are not a Non-U.S. Holder if you are a nonresident alien individual present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of disposition, or if you are a former citizen or former resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If you are such a person, you should consult your tax adviser regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of our Class A common stock.

          If you are a partnership or other pass-through entity (including an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership) for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner will generally depend on the status of the partner, your activities and certain determinations made at the partner or beneficial owner level.

          This discussion is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended to the date hereof (the "Code"), administrative pronouncements, judicial decisions and final, temporary and proposed Treasury regulations, changes to any of which subsequent to the date of this prospectus may affect the tax consequences described herein, possibly with retroactive effect. This discussion is limited to Non-U.S. Holders that hold our Class A common stock as a "capital asset" within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code (generally, property held for investment). This discussion does not address all U.S. federal income tax consequences relevant to a Non-U.S. Holder's particular circumstances, including the effect of the Medicare contribution tax on net investment income or the alternative minimum tax. In addition, it does not address consequences relevant to Non-U.S. Holders subject to special rules, including persons holding our Class A common stock as part of a hedge, straddle or other risk reduction strategy or as part of a conversion transaction or other integrated investment; banks, insurance companies, and other financial institutions; brokers, dealers or traders in securities; "controlled foreign corporations," "passive foreign investment companies," and corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid U.S. federal income tax; tax-exempt organizations or governmental organizations; persons deemed to sell our Class A common stock under the constructive sale provisions of the Code; persons who hold or receive our Class A common stock pursuant to the exercise of any employee stock option or otherwise as compensation; tax-qualified retirement plans; "qualified foreign pension funds" as defined in Section 897(l)(2) of the Code and entities all of the interests of which are held by qualified foreign pension funds; and persons subject to special tax accounting rules as a result of any item of gross income with respect to the stock being taken into account in an applicable financial statement.

          This discussion does not address any tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, local or foreign jurisdiction. Prospective holders are urged to consult their tax advisers with respect to the particular tax consequences to them of owning and disposing of our Class A common stock, including the consequences under the laws of any state, local or foreign jurisdiction.

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Dividends

          As discussed under "Dividend Policy" above, we do not currently expect to make distributions on our Class A common stock. In the event that we do make distributions of cash or other property, those distributions will constitute dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent paid from our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. To the extent those distributions exceed our current and accumulated earnings and profits, they will constitute a return of capital, which will first reduce your basis in our Class A common stock, but not below zero, and then will be treated as gain from the sale of our Class A common stock, as described below under "—Gain on Disposition of Our Class A Common Stock."

          Dividends paid to you generally will be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax at a 30% rate or a reduced rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty. In order to obtain a reduced rate of withholding, you will be required to provide a properly executed Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E (or other applicable form) certifying your entitlement to benefits under a treaty. This certification must be provided to us or our withholding agent before the payment of dividends and must be updated periodically.

          If dividends paid to you are effectively connected with your conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base maintained by you in the United States), you will generally be taxed on the dividends in the same manner as a U.S. person. In this case, you will be exempt from the withholding tax discussed in the preceding paragraph, although you will be required to provide a properly executed IRS Form W-8ECI in order to claim an exemption from withholding. Instead, the effectively connected dividends will generally be subject to regular U.S. income tax as if the Non-U.S. Holder were a U.S. person as defined under the Code. A Non-U.S. Holder that is a treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes receiving effectively connected dividends may also be subject to an additional "branch profits tax" imposed at a rate of 30% (or a lower treaty rate) on its effectively connected earnings and profits (subject to certain adjustments).

          You should consult your tax adviser with respect to other U.S. tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of our Class A common stock, including the possible imposition of a branch profits tax at a rate of 30% (or a lower treaty rate) if you are a corporation.

Gain on Disposition of Our Class A Common Stock

          Subject to the discussions below under "—Information Reporting and Backup Withholding" and "—FATCA," you generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax on gain realized on a sale or other taxable disposition of our Class A common stock unless:

          We will be a United States real property holding corporation at any time that the fair market value of our "United States real property interests," as defined in the Code and applicable Treasury Regulations, equals or exceeds 50% of the aggregate fair market value of our worldwide real property interests and our other assets used or held for use in a trade or business (all as

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determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes). We believe that we are not, and do not anticipate becoming, a United States real property holding corporation.

          If you recognize gain on a sale or other disposition of our Class A common stock that is effectively connected with your conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and if required by an applicable income tax treaty, is attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base maintained by you in the United States), you will generally be taxed on such gain in the same manner as a U.S. person. You should consult your tax adviser with respect to other U.S. tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of our Class A common stock, including the possible imposition of a branch profits tax at a rate of 30% (or a lower treaty rate) if you are a corporation.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

          Information returns are required to be filed with the IRS in connection with payments of dividends on our Class A common stock. Unless you comply with certification procedures to establish that you are not a U.S. person, information returns may also be filed with the IRS in connection with the proceeds from a sale or other disposition of our Class A common stock. You may be subject to backup withholding on payments on our Class A common stock or on the proceeds from a sale or other disposition of our Class A common stock unless you comply with certification procedures to establish that you are not a U.S. person or otherwise establish an exemption. Your provision of a properly executed applicable IRS Form W-8 certifying your non-U.S. status will permit you to avoid backup withholding. Amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules are not additional taxes and may be refunded or credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

FATCA

          Provisions of the Code commonly referred to as "FATCA" require withholding of 30% on payments of dividends on our Class A common stock, as well as, subject to the discussion of proposed U.S. Treasury regulations below, of gross proceeds of dispositions of our Class A common stock, to "foreign financial institutions" (which is broadly defined for this purpose and in general includes investment vehicles) and certain other non-U.S. entities unless various U.S. information reporting and due diligence requirements (generally relating to ownership by U.S. persons of interests in or accounts with those entities) have been satisfied, or an exemption applies. An intergovernmental agreement between the United States and an applicable foreign country may modify these requirements. In addition, regulations proposed by the U.S. Treasury Department (the preamble to which indicates that taxpayers may rely on the regulations pending their finalization) would eliminate the requirement under FATCA of withholding on gross proceeds. If FATCA withholding is imposed, a beneficial owner that is not a foreign financial institution generally may obtain a refund of any amounts withheld by filing a U.S. federal income tax return (which may entail significant administrative burden). You should consult your tax adviser regarding the effects of FATCA on your investment in our Class A common stock.

Federal Estate Tax

          Individual Non-U.S. Holders (as specifically defined for U.S. federal estate tax purposes) and entities the property of which is potentially includible in such an individual's gross estate for U.S. federal estate tax purposes (for example, a trust funded by such an individual and with respect to which the individual has retained certain interests or powers), should note that, absent an applicable treaty exemption, our Class A common stock will be treated as U.S.-situs property subject to U.S. federal estate tax.

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UNDERWRITING

          We and the underwriters named below will enter into an underwriting agreement with respect to the shares of Class A common stock being offered. Subject to certain conditions, we will agree to sell to the underwriters, and each underwriter will severally agree to purchase, the number of shares indicated in the following table. Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC is the representative of the underwriters.

Underwriters
  Number of Shares

Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC

   

J.P. Morgan Securities LLC

   

BofA Securities, Inc. 

   

Barclays Capital Inc. 

   

Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC

   

Jefferies LLC

   

RBC Capital Markets, LLC

   

Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated

   

HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. 

   

Macquarie Capital (USA) Inc. 

   

Piper Jaffray & Co. 

   

SunTrust Robinson Humphrey, Inc. 

   

BTIG, LLC

   

JMP Securities LLC

   

Mizuho Securities USA LLC

   

Needham & Company, LLC

   

Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. 

   

Total

  18,000,000

          The underwriters will be committed to take and pay for all of the shares being offered, if any are taken, other than the shares covered by the option described below unless and until this option is exercised.

          The underwriters will have an option to buy up to an additional 2,700,000 shares from us to cover sales by the underwriters of a greater number of shares than the total number set forth in the table above. They may exercise that option for 30 days. If any shares are purchased pursuant to this option, the underwriters will severally purchase shares in approximately the same proportion as set forth in the table above.

          The following table shows the per share and total underwriting discounts and commissions to be paid to the underwriters by us. Such amounts are shown assuming both no exercise and full exercise of the underwriters' option to purchase 2,700,000 additional shares.

 
  No Exercise   Full Exercise  

Per Share

  $                 $                

Total

  $                 $                

          Shares sold by the underwriters to the public will initially be offered at the initial public offering price set forth on the cover of this prospectus. Any shares sold by the underwriters to securities dealers may be sold at a discount of up to $             per share from the initial public offering price. After the initial offering of the shares, the representative may change the offering price and the other selling terms. The offering of the shares by the underwriters is subject to receipt and acceptance and subject to the underwriters' right to reject any order in whole or in part.

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          We and our officers, directors, and holders of substantially all of our securities have agreed with the underwriters, subject to certain exceptions, not to dispose of or hedge any of their capital stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of capital stock during the period from the date of this prospectus continuing through the date 180 days after the date of this prospectus, except with the prior written consent of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC; provided, that if (i) we have publicly released our earnings results for the quarterly period during which this offering occurred, and (ii) the 180-day lock-up period is scheduled to end during a broadly applicable period during which trading in our securities would not be permitted under our insider trading policy, or a blackout period, or within the five trading days prior to a blackout period, then the lock-up period applicable to our directors, officers, and securityholders will instead end ten trading days prior to the commencement of the blackout period; provided that in no event will the lock-up period end prior to 120 days after the date of this prospectus. In the event that ten trading days prior to the commencement of the blackout period is earlier than 120 days after the date of this prospectus, then the lock-up period shall end 120 days after the date of this prospectus; but only if such 120th day is at least five trading days before the start of such blackout period (and if not, then no such early release will occur and the lock-up period will remain 180 days after the date of this prospectus). We will publicly announce the date of any early release described in this paragraph at least five trading days prior to such early release. Notwithstanding anything else in this paragraph, we may elect, by written notice to Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC at least fifteen trading days before any early release, that no such early release will occur.

          The lock-up agreements applicable to our directors, officers, and securityholders, each referred to as a lock-up party, include certain exceptions to the restrictions on transfer, including with respect to certain of our significant stockholders, the pledge of shares of our capital stock in a bona fide transaction to third parties as collateral to secure obligations pursuant to lending or other similar arrangements relating to a financing arrangement for the benefit of the lock-up party and/or its affiliates, provided that the lender agrees to be bound by the lock-up restrictions; and, only after the 120th day after the date of this prospectus, the sale of any such pledged shares to or by such third parties in accordance with the terms of the agreement governing any such lending arrangement. The lock-up agreement applicable to us includes certain exceptions, including an exception for the issuance of securities by us in connection with the acquisition by us or any of our subsidiaries of securities, business, technology, property or other assets of another person or entity, or pursuant to an employee benefit plan assumed by us in connection with such acquisition, or pursuant to joint ventures, commercial relationships or other strategic relationships, provided that the aggregate number of shares of common stock that we may sell or issue or agree to sell or issue pursuant to this exception will not exceed 10% of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately following the completion of this offering, and provided that we shall cause each recipient of such securities to execute and deliver a lock-up agreement to Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC. In addition, Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC may, in its sole discretion, release all or some portion of the shares subject to lock-up agreements prior to the expiration of the lock-up period. See the section titled "Shares Eligible for Future Sale" for a discussion of certain transfer restrictions.

          Prior to the offering, there has been no public market for the shares. The initial public offering price will be negotiated among us and the representative. Among the factors to be considered in determining the initial public offering price of the shares, in addition to prevailing market conditions, will be our historical performance, estimates of our business potential and earnings prospects, an assessment of our management and the consideration of the above factors in relation to market valuation of companies in related businesses.

          We have applied to list our Class A common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol "CRWD".

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          In connection with the offering, the underwriters may purchase and sell shares of Class A common stock in the open market. These transactions may include short sales, stabilizing transactions and purchases to cover positions created by short sales. Short sales involve the sale by the underwriters of a greater number of shares than they are required to purchase in the offering, and a short position represents the amount of such sales that have not been covered by subsequent purchases. A "covered short position" is a short position that is not greater than the amount of additional shares for which the underwriters' option described above may be exercised. The underwriters may cover any covered short position by either exercising their option to purchase additional shares or purchasing shares in the open market. In determining the source of shares to cover the covered short position, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the price of shares available for purchase in the open market as compared to the price at which they may purchase additional shares pursuant to the option described above. "Naked" short sales are any short sales that create a short position greater than the amount of additional shares for which the option described above may be exercised. The underwriters must cover any such naked short position by purchasing shares in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of the Class A common stock in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in the offering. Stabilizing transactions consist of various bids for or purchases of Class A common stock made by the underwriters in the open market prior to the completion of the offering.

          The underwriters may also impose a penalty bid. This occurs when a particular underwriter repays to the underwriters a portion of the underwriting discount received by it because the representative has repurchased shares sold by or for the account of such underwriter in stabilizing or short covering transactions.

          Purchases to cover a short position and stabilizing transactions, as well as other purchases by the underwriters for their own accounts, may have the effect of preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of our stock, and together with the imposition of the penalty bid, may stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the market price of the Class A common stock. As a result, the price of the Class A common stock may be higher than the price that otherwise might exist in the open market. The underwriters are not required to engage in these activities and may end any of these activities at any time. These transactions may be effected on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, in the over-the-counter market or otherwise.

          The underwriters do not expect sales to discretionary accounts to exceed 5% of the total number of securities offered.

          We estimate that our share of the total expenses of the offering, excluding underwriting discounts and commissions, will be approximately $6.0 million. We have also agreed to reimburse the underwriters for certain expenses incurred by them in connection with the offering in an amount not to exceed $80,000 in the aggregate.

          We will agree to indemnify the several underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.


Directed Share Program

          At our request, the underwriters have reserved 5% of the shares of Class A common stock offered by this prospectus for sale, at the initial public offering price, to directors, officers, employees, and their friends and family members. If purchased by these persons, these shares will not be subject to a lock-up restriction, except in the case of shares purchased by any director or executive officer. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, an affiliate of BofA Securities, Inc., will administer our directed share program. The number of shares of common stock available for sale to the general public will be reduced to the extent these individuals purchase such reserved

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shares. Any reserved shares that are not so purchased will be offered by the underwriters to the general public on the same basis as the other shares offered by this prospectus. We have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against certain liabilities and expenses, including liabilities under the Securities Act, in connection with sales of the reserved shares.


Other Relationships

          The underwriters and their respective affiliates are full service financial institutions engaged in various activities, which may include sales and trading, commercial and investment banking, advisory, investment management, investment research, principal investment, hedging, market making, brokerage and other financial and non-financial activities and services. Each of the underwriters or their affiliates is a customer of our company. An affiliate of SunTrust Robinson Humphrey, Inc. is a lender under our secured revolving credit facility. Certain of the underwriters and their respective affiliates have provided, and may in the future provide, a variety of these services to us and to persons and entities with relationships with us, for which they received or will receive customary fees and expenses.

          In the ordinary course of their various business activities, the underwriters and their respective affiliates, officers, directors and employees may purchase, sell or hold a broad array of investments and actively traded securities, derivatives, loans, commodities, currencies, credit default swaps and other financial instruments for their own account and for the accounts of their customers, and such investment and trading activities may involve or relate to assets, securities and/or instruments of ours (directly, as collateral securing other obligations or otherwise) and/or persons and entities with relationships with us. The underwriters and their respective affiliates may also communicate independent investment recommendations, market color or trading ideas and/or publish or express independent research views in respect of such assets, securities or instruments and may at any time hold, or recommend to clients that they should acquire, long and/or short positions in such assets, securities and instruments.

          In September 2018, an entity affiliated with HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. purchased 425,238 shares of our Series E redeemable convertible preferred stock on the same terms as the other investors, which shares will automatically convert into 425,238 shares of our Class B common stock immediately upon the closing of this offering. Additionally, in October 2018, an entity affiliated with HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. purchased 191,815 shares of our Class B common stock on the same terms as the other investors pursuant to the tender offer described in the section titled "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Right of First Refusal." The Series E redeemable convertible preferred stock, the Class B common stock into which it will convert and the Class B common stock purchased pursuant to the tender offer are subject to a 180-day lock-up under FINRA Rule 5110(g)(1) pursuant to which the entity affiliated with HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. (or permitted assignees under the Rule) will not sell, transfer, assign, pledge or hypothecate such securities, nor will it engage in any hedging, short sale, derivative, put or call transaction that would result in the effective economic disposition of such securities for a period of 180 days immediately following the date of effectiveness or the commencement of sales of this offering, except as provided in FINRA Rule 5110(g)(2).

          Goldman Sachs Bank USA, an affiliate of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, one of the underwriters in this offering, has entered into a term loan agreement with each of George Kurtz, our President and Chief Executive Officer and a member of our board of directors, individually and as trustee of the Kurtz 2009 Spendthrift Trust, dated 4/2/2009, or the Kurtz Trust, and Burt Podbere, our Chief Financial Officer. Under the loan agreement with Mr. Kurtz and the Kurtz Trust, Goldman Sachs Bank USA has agreed to loan up to an aggregate of $10.5 million to Mr. Kurtz and the Kurtz Trust, and under the loan agreement with Mr. Podbere, Goldman Sachs Bank USA has agreed to a loan up to $3.7 million to Mr. Podbere, each subject to certain conditions. Mr. Kurtz and Mr. Podbere

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have indicated that they intend to borrow all available amounts under these loans before the date of this offering in order to exercise stock options held by them and pay associated taxes. The loan to Mr. Kurtz and the Kurtz Trust is secured under a security and pledge agreement by a pledge of approximately 4.75 million shares of our Class B common stock beneficially owned by Mr. Kurtz. The loan to Mr. Podbere is secured under a security and pledge agreement by a pledge of approximately 1.3 million shares of our Class B common stock beneficially owned by Mr. Podbere. The maturity date of the loan to Mr. Kurtz and the Kurtz Trusts is May 12, 2020, and the maturity date of the loan to Mr. Podbere is May 12, 2020, provided that in each case (i) the maturity date may be accelerated for events of default customary for credit facilities (e.g., failure to pay interest, bankruptcy, lien failure), and (ii) the borrower may extend the maturity date for an additional six months subject to certain conditions (e.g., absence of default). Mr. Kurtz and Mr. Podbere may enter into 10b5-1 trading plans to sell shares of their Class B common stock in the open market before the loans mature in order to prepay principal and interest on the loans. In the case of nonpayment at maturity or another event of default (including but not limited to the borrower's inability to satisfy a margin call, which may be instituted by the lender following certain declines in our stock price, whether before or after the expiration of the lockup period described above but subject to the limitations set forth below), Goldman Sachs Bank USA may exercise its rights under the loan agreements to obtain or sell shares pledged to cover the amount due under the loan.

          The terms of the loans described above were negotiated directly between Goldman Sachs Bank USA and Mr. Kurtz and the Kurtz Trust and between Goldman Sachs Bank USA and Mr. Podbere. We are not a party to any of the loan documents, including the security and pledge agreements. Goldman Sachs Bank USA received customary fees and expense reimbursements in connection with these loans. As a regulated entity, Goldman Sachs Bank USA makes decisions regarding making and managing its loans independent of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC.

          The lock-up agreements between the underwriters and each of the Kurtz Trust and Mr. Podbere include an exception to allow for the transfer of shares of our common stock held by the Kurtz Trust or Mr. Podbere, as the case may be, to Goldman Sachs Bank USA (or its designees or affiliates) in connection with the exercise of its rights under the applicable security and pledge agreement. In addition, in order to comply with certain FINRA restrictions on the sale of any such pledged shares, Goldman Sachs Bank USA and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC will execute a lock-up agreement with respect to all of the shares pledged by the Kurtz Trust and Mr. Podbere in connection with the loan agreements, whereby they will agree that, to the extent any such shares are acquired or beneficially owned by Goldman Sachs Bank USA or Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, such shares shall not be sold during the offering, or sold, transferred, assigned, pledged, or hypothecated, or be the subject of any hedging, short sale, derivative, put, or call transaction that would result in the effective economic disposition of the securities by any person for a period of 180 days immediately following the date of effectiveness or commencement of sales of the offering, subject to the exceptions provided in FINRA Rule 5110(g)(2). Any transfers or sales of such pledged shares to satisfy the obligations under one or more of these loan agreements may cause the price of our Class A common stock to decline.

European Economic Area

          In relation to each Member State of the European Economic Area which has implemented the Prospectus Directive (each, a "Relevant Member State") an offer to the public of our common shares may not be made in that Relevant Member State, except that an offer to the public in that Relevant Member State of our common shares may be made at any time under the following exemptions under the Prospectus Directive:

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provided that no such offer of shares of our Class A common stock shall result in a requirement for the publication by us or any underwriter of a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Directive.

          For the purposes of this provision, the expression an "offer to the public" in relation to our common shares in any Relevant Member State means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and our common shares to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase our common shares, as the same may be varied in that Member State by any measure implementing the Prospectus Directive in that Member State, the expression "Prospectus Directive" means Directive 2003/71/EC (as amended), including by Directive 2010/73/EU and includes any relevant implementing measure in the Relevant Member State.

          This European Economic Area selling restriction is in addition to any other selling restrictions set out below.

United Kingdom

          In the United Kingdom, this prospectus is only addressed to and directed as qualified investors who are (i) investment professionals falling within Article 19(5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005 (the Order); or (ii) high net worth entities and other persons to whom it may lawfully be communicated, falling within Article 49(2)(a) to (d) of the Order (all such persons together being referred to as "relevant persons"). Any investment or investment activity to which this prospectus relates is available only to relevant persons and will only be engaged with relevant persons. Any person who is not a relevant person should not act or relay on this prospectus or any of its contents.

Canada

          The securities may be sold in Canada only to purchasers purchasing, or deemed to be purchasing, as principal that are accredited investors, as defined in National Instrument 45-106 Prospectus Exemptions or subsection 73.3(1) of the Securities Act (Ontario), and are permitted clients, as defined in National Instrument 31-103 Registration Requirements, Exemptions, and Ongoing Registrant Obligations. Any resale of the securities must be made in accordance with an exemption form, or in a transaction not subject to, the prospectus requirements of applicable securities laws.

          Securities legislation in certain provinces or territories of Canada may provide a purchaser with remedies for rescission or damages if this prospectus (including any amendment thereto) contains a misrepresentation, provided that the remedies for rescission or damages are exercised by the purchaser within the time limit prescribed by the securities legislation of the purchaser's province or territory. The purchaser should refer to any applicable provisions of the securities legislation of the purchaser's province or territory of these rights or consult with a legal advisor.

          Pursuant to section 3A.3 of National Instrument 33-105 Underwriting Conflicts (NI 33-105), the underwriters are not required to comply with the disclosure requirements of NI 33-105 regarding underwriter conflicts of interest in connection with this offering.

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Hong Kong

          The shares may not be offered or sold in Hong Kong by means of any document other than (i) in circumstances which do not constitute an offer to the public within the meaning of the Companies (Winding Up and Miscellaneous Provisions) Ordinance (Cap. 32 of the Laws of Hong Kong) ("Companies (Winding Up and Miscellaneous Provisions) Ordinance") or which do not constitute an invitation to the public within the meaning of the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap. 571 of the Laws of Hong Kong) ("Securities and Futures Ordinance"), or (ii) to "professional investors" as defined in the Securities and Futures Ordinance and any rules made thereunder, or (iii) in other circumstances which do not result in the document being a "prospectus" as defined in the Companies (Winding Up and Miscellaneous Provisions) Ordinance, and no advertisement, invitation or document relating to the shares may be issued or may be in the possession of any person for the purpose of issue (in each case whether in Hong Kong or elsewhere), which is directed at, or the contents of which are likely to be accessed or read by, the public in Hong Kong (except if permitted to do so under the securities laws of Hong Kong) other than with respect to shares which are or are intended to be disposed of only to persons outside Hong Kong or only to "professional investors" in Hong Kong as defined in the Securities and Futures Ordinance and any rules made thereunder.

Singapore

          This prospectus has not been registered as a prospectus with the Monetary Authority of Singapore. Accordingly, this prospectus and any other document or material in connection with the offer or sale, or invitation for subscription or purchase, of the shares may not be circulated or distributed, nor may the shares be offered or sold, or be made the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase, whether directly or indirectly, to persons in Singapore other than (i) to an institutional investor (as defined under Section 4A of the Securities and Futures Act, Chapter 289 of Singapore (the "SFA")) under Section 274 of the SFA, (ii) to a relevant person (as defined in Section 275(2) of the SFA) pursuant to Section 275(1) of the SFA, or any person pursuant to Section 275(1A) of the SFA, and in accordance with the conditions specified in Section 275 of the SFA or (iii) otherwise pursuant to, and in accordance with the conditions of, any other applicable provision of the SFA, in each case subject to conditions set forth in the SFA.

          Where the shares are subscribed or purchased under Section 275 of the SFA by a relevant person which is a corporation (which is not an accredited investor (as defined in Section 4A of the SFA)) the sole business of which is to hold investments and the entire share capital of which is owned by one or more individuals, each of whom is an accredited investor, the securities (as defined in Section 239(1) of the SFA) of that corporation shall not be transferable for 6 months after that corporation has acquired the shares under Section 275 of the SFA except: (1) to an institutional investor under Section 274 of the SFA or to a relevant person (as defined in Section 275(2) of the SFA), (2) where such transfer arises from an offer in that corporation's securities pursuant to Section 275(1A) of the SFA, (3) where no consideration is or will be given for the transfer, (4) where the transfer is by operation of law, (5) as specified in Section 276(7) of the SFA, or (6) as specified in Regulation 32 of the Securities and Futures (Offers of Investments) (Shares and Debentures) Regulations 2005 of Singapore ("Regulation 32").

          Where the shares are subscribed or purchased under Section 275 of the SFA by a relevant person which is a trust (where the trustee is not an accredited investor (as defined in Section 4A of the SFA)) whose sole purpose is to hold investments and each beneficiary of the trust is an accredited investor, the beneficiaries' rights and interest (howsoever described) in that trust shall not be transferable for 6 months after that trust has acquired the shares under Section 275 of the SFA except: (1) to an institutional investor under Section 274 of the SFA or to a relevant person (as defined in Section 275(2) of the SFA), (2) where such transfer arises from an offer that is made on

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terms that such rights or interest are acquired at a consideration of not less than $200,000 (or its equivalent in a foreign currency) for each transaction (whether such amount is to be paid for in cash or by exchange of securities or other assets), (3) where no consideration is or will be given for the transfer, (4) where the transfer is by operation of law, (5) as specified in Section 276(7) of the SFA, or (6) as specified in Regulation 32.

          Singapore Securities and Futures Act Product Classification—Solely for the purposes of its obligations pursuant to Sections 309B(1)(a) and 309B(1)(c) of the SFA, we have determined, and hereby notify all relevant persons (as defined in Section 309A of the SFA) that the common shares are "prescribed capital markets products" (as defined in the Securities and Futures (Capital Markets Products) Regulations 2018) and Excluded Investment Products (as defined in MAS Notice SFA 04-N12: Notice on the Sale of Investment Products and MAS Notice FAA-N16: Notice on Recommendations on Investment Products).

Japan

          The securities have not been and will not be registered under the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act of Japan (Act No. 25 of 1948, as amended), or the FIEA. The securities may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, in Japan or to or for the benefit of any resident of Japan (including any person resident in Japan or any corporation or other entity organized under the laws of Japan) or to others for reoffering or resale, directly or indirectly, in Japan or to or for the benefit of any resident of Japan, except pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the FIEA and otherwise in compliance with any relevant laws and regulations of Japan.


Switzerland

          This document is not intended to constitute an offer or solicitation to purchase or invest in the shares described herein. The shares may not be publicly offered, sold or advertised, directly or indirectly, in, into or from Switzerland and will not be listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange or on any other exchange or regulated trading facility in Switzerland. Neither this document nor any other offering or marketing material relating to the shares constitutes a prospectus as such term is understood pursuant to article 652a or article 1156 of the Swiss Code of Obligations or a listing prospectus within the meaning of the listing rules of the SIX Swiss Exchange or any other regulated trading facility in Switzerland, and neither this document nor any other offering or marketing material relating to the shares may be publicly distributed or otherwise made publicly available in Switzerland.

          Neither this document nor any other offering or marketing material relating to the offering, nor the Company nor the shares have been or will be filed with or approved by any Swiss regulatory authority. The shares are not subject to the supervision by any Swiss regulatory authority, e.g., the Swiss Financial Markets Supervisory Authority FINMA (FINMA), and investors in the shares will not benefit from protection or supervision by such authority.

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LEGAL MATTERS

          The validity of the shares of Class A common stock offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, Menlo Park, California. Cooley LLP is acting as counsel to the underwriters.


EXPERTS

          The financial statements as of January 31, 2018 and January 31, 2019 and for each of the three years in the period ended January 31, 2019 included in this prospectus have been so included in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.


WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

          We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-1 under the Securities Act with respect to the shares of our Class A common stock offered by this prospectus. This prospectus, which constitutes a part of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement, some of which is contained in exhibits to the registration statement as permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC. For further information with respect to us and our Class A common stock, we refer you to the registration statement, including the exhibits filed as a part of the registration statement. Statements contained in this prospectus concerning the contents of any contract or any other document is not necessarily complete. If a contract or document has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement, please see the copy of the contract or document that has been filed. Each statement is this prospectus relating to a contract or document filed as an exhibit is qualified in all respects by the filed exhibit. The SEC maintains an Internet website that contains reports, proxy statements and other information about issuers, like us, that file electronically with the SEC. The address of that website is www.sec.gov.

          As a result of this offering, we will become subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and, in accordance with this law, will file periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. These periodic reports, proxy statements and other information will be available for inspection at the website of the SEC referred to above. We also maintain a website at www.crowdstrike.com. Upon the completion of this offering, you may access these materials free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. Information contained on our website is not a part of this prospectus and the inclusion of our website address in this prospectus is an inactive textual reference only.

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CROWDSTRIKE HOLDINGS, INC.
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 
  Page  

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

    F-2  

Consolidated Balance Sheets

    F-3  

Consolidated Statements of Operations

    F-4  

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

    F-5  

Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Deficit

    F-6  

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

    F-7  

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

    F-8  

F-1


Table of Contents


Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries ("the Company") as of January 31, 2019 and January 31, 2018, and the related consolidated statements of operations, of comprehensive loss, of redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders' deficit, and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 31, 2019, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the "consolidated financial statements"). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of January 31, 2019 and January 31, 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 31, 2019 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

San Jose, California
April 17, 2019

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2016.

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Table of Contents


CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except per share data)

 
  January 31,    
 
 
  Pro Forma
January 31,
2019
 
 
  2018   2019  
 
   
   
  (unaudited)
 

Assets

                   

Current assets:

                   

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 63,179   $ 88,408   $ 88,408  

Marketable securities

    2,593     103,247     103,247  

Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $445 and $1,000 as of January 31, 2018 and January 31, 2019, respectively

    59,614     92,476     92,476  

Deferred commissions, current

    15,616     28,847     28,847  

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

    12,411     18,410     18,410  

Notes receivable from related parties

    198          

Total current assets

    153,611     331,388     331,388  

Property and equipment, net

    40,754     73,735     73,735  

Deferred commissions, noncurrent

    6,718     9,918     9,918  

Goodwill

    8,421     7,947     7,947  

Intangible assets, net

    1,736     1,048     1,048  

Other assets

    6,463     9,183     9,183  

Total assets

  $ 217,703   $ 433,219   $ 433,219  

Liabilities, Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)

                   

Current liabilities:

                   

Accounts payable

  $ 12,261   $ 6,855   $ 6,855  

Accrued expenses

    21,514     32,541     32,541  

Accrued payroll and benefits

    18,313     19,284     19,284  

Deferred revenue

    109,003     218,700     218,700  

Other current liabilities

    4,799     4,040     4,040  

Total current liabilities

    165,890     281,420     281,420  

Deferred revenue, noncurrent

    49,947     71,367     71,367  

Loans payable, noncurrent

    15,971          

Other liabilities, noncurrent

    4,353     10,313     5,776  

Total liabilities

    236,161     363,100     358,563  

Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)

                   

Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock

   
 
   
 
   
 
 

Redeemable convertible preferred stock, $0.0005 par value; 119,115 and 137,419 shares authorized as of January 31, 2018 and January 31, 2019, respectively; 118,693 and 131,268 shares issued and outstanding as of January 31, 2018 and January 31, 2019, respectively; liquidation preference $338,000 and $545,000 as of January 31, 2018 and January 31, 2019, respectively; no shares issued and outstanding as of January 31, 2019, pro forma (unaudited)

    351,016     557,912      

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)

                   

Common stock, $0.0005 par value; 190,000 and 220,000 shares authorized as of January 31, 2018, and January 31, 2019, respectively; 44,231, and 47,421 shares issued and outstanding as of January 31, 2018 and January 31, 2019, respectively; 178,689 shares issued and outstanding as of January 31, 2019, pro forma (unaudited)

    22     24     90  

Additional paid-in capital

    8,482     31,211     603,956  

Accumulated deficit

    (378,948 )   (519,126 )   (529,488 )

Accumulated other comprehensive income

    970     98     98  

Total stockholders' equity (deficit)

    (369,474 )   (487,793 )   74,656  

Total liabilities, redeemable convertible preferred stock, and stockholders' equity (deficit)

  $ 217,703   $ 433,219   $ 433,219  

   

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(in thousands, except per share data)

 
  Year Ended January 31,  
 
  2017   2018   2019  

Revenue

                   

Subscription

  $ 37,895   $ 92,568   $ 219,401  

Professional services

    14,850     26,184     30,423  

Total revenue

    52,745     118,752     249,824  

Cost of revenue

                   

Subscription

    24,378     39,857     69,208  

Professional services

    9,628     14,629     18,030  

Total cost of revenue

    34,006     54,486     87,238  

Gross profit

    18,739     64,266     162,586  

Operating expenses

                   

Sales and marketing

    53,748     104,277     172,682  

Research and development

    39,145     58,887     84,551  

General and administrative

    16,402     32,542     42,217  

Total operating expenses

    109,295     195,706     299,450  

Loss from operations

    (90,556 )   (131,440 )   (136,864 )

Interest expense

    (615 )   (1,648 )   (428 )

Other expense, net

    (82 )   (1,473 )   (1,418 )

Loss before provision for income taxes

    (91,253 )   (134,561 )   (138,710 )

Provision for income taxes

    (87 )   (929 )   (1,367 )

Net loss

    (91,340 )   (135,490 )   (140,077 )

Accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock

    (17,012 )   (5,853 )    

Net loss attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted

  $ (108,352 ) $ (141,343 ) $ (140,077 )

Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted

  $ (2.73 ) $ (3.38 ) $ (3.12 )

Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted

   
39,706
   
41,876
   
44,863
 

Pro forma net loss per share, basic and diluted (unaudited)

             
$

(0.80

)

Weighted-average shares used in computing pro forma net loss per share, basic and diluted (unaudited)

               
171,202
 

   

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss
(in thousands)

 
  Year Ended January 31,  
 
  2017   2018   2019  

Net loss

  $ (91,340 ) $ (135,490 ) $ (140,077 )

Other comprehensive income (loss):

                   

Foreign currency translation adjustments

        977     (878 )

Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities, net of tax

    (28 )   8     6  

Other comprehensive income (loss)

    (28 )   985     (872 )

Total comprehensive loss

  $ (91,368 ) $ (134,505 ) $ (140,949 )

   

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Deficit
(in thousands)

 
  Redeemable
Convertible
Preferred Stock
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
   
  Common Stock    
   
  Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
   
 
 
   
  Additional
Paid-in
Capital
  Accumulated
Deficit
  Total
Stockholders'
Deficit
 
 
  Shares   Amount    
  Shares   Amount  

Balances at February 1, 2016

    95,729   $ 197,716         38,643   $ 19   $   $ (137,866 ) $ 13   $ (137,834 )

Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options

                1,855     1     766             767  

Stock-based compensation expense

                        1,994             1,994  

Accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock

        17,012                 (2,760 )   (14,252 )       (17,012 )

Net loss

                            (91,340 )         (91,340 )

Other comprehensive loss

                                (28 )   (28 )

Balances at January 31, 2017

    95,729   $ 214,728         40,498   $ 20   $   $ (243,458 ) $ (15 ) $ (243,453 )

Issuance of Series D redeemable convertible preferred stock, net of issuance costs of $187

    17,570     99,813                              

Issuance of Series D-1 redeemable convertible preferred stock, net of issuance costs of $78

    5,394     30,622                              

Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options

                2,363     2     1,418             1,420  

Issuance of common stock related to early exercised options

                1,370                      

Vesting of early exercised options

                          574             574  

Stock-based compensation expense

                        12,343             12,343  

Accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock

        5,853                 (5,853 )           (5,853 )

Net loss

                            (135,490 )       (135,490 )

Other comprehensive income

                                985     985  

Balances at January 31, 2018

    118,693   $ 351,016         44,231   $ 22   $ 8,482   $ (378,948 ) $ 970   $ (369,474 )

Cumulative effect of accounting change

                                101     (101 )        

Issuance of Series E and Series E-1 redeemable convertible preferred stock, net of issuance costs of $104

    12,575     206,896                              

Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options

                3,046     2     3,910             3,912  

Issuance of common stock related to early exercised options

                38                      

Issuance of common stock

                106                      

Vesting of early exercised options

                        543             543  

Stock-based compensation expense

                        20,505             20,505  

Repurchase of stock options

                        (2,330 )           (2,330 )

Net loss

                            (140,077 )       (140,077 )

Other comprehensive loss

                                (872 )   (872 )

Balances at January 31, 2019

    131,268   $ 557,912         47,421   $ 24   $ 31,211   $ (519,126 ) $ 98   $ (487,793 )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)

 
  Year Ended January 31,  
 
  2017   2018   2019  

Operating activities

                   

Net loss

  $ (91,340 ) $ (135,490 ) $ (140,077 )

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:

                   

Depreciation and amortization

    2,924     7,111     14,815  

Loss on disposal of fixed assets

            191  

Amortization of intangible assets

    97     628     583  

Amortization of deferred commissions

    5,089     12,481     28,642  

Change in fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability

    149     264     3,576  

Allowance for doubtful accounts

        400     551  

Stock-based compensation expense

    1,994     12,343     20,505  

Non-cash interest expense

    9     1,036     98  

Accretion of marketable securities purchased at a discount

            (1,152 )

Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of impact of business combinations

                   

Accounts receivable

    (8,464 )   (35,268 )   (33,413 )

Deferred commissions

    (9,352 )   (25,338 )   (45,073 )

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

    (1,386 )   (6,851 )   (3,099 )

Other assets

    (455 )   (5,867 )   (2,720 )

Accounts payable

    1,886     7,136     (2,403 )

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

    3,365     16,603     3,564  

Accrued payroll and benefits

    5,695     9,005     971  

Deferred revenue

    37,291     82,169     131,117  

Other liabilities, noncurrent

    500     872     356  

Net cash used in operating activities

    (51,998 )   (58,766 )   (22,968 )

Investing activities

                   

Purchases of property and equipment

    (6,591 )   (22,906 )   (35,851 )

Capitalized internal-use software

    (5,556 )   (6,542 )   (6,794 )

Business combinations, net of cash acquired

        (6,471 )    

Acquisition of intangible assets

    (500 )   (307 )    

Purchases of marketable securities

    (12,072 )   (9,559 )   (199,335 )

Proceeds from sales of marketable securities

    1,211          

Maturities of marketable securities

    11,654     17,455     99,950  

Net cash used in investing activities

    (11,854 )   (28,330 )   (142,030 )

Financing activities

                   

Proceeds from issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock, net of issuance costs

        130,435     206,896  

Proceeds from loan payable, net of issuance costs

    19,340          

Repayment of loan payable

    (2,400 )   (19,324 )   (6,158 )

Proceeds from revolving line of credit

        10,000     10,000  

Repayment of revolving line of credit

            (20,000 )

Issuance of notes receivable to related parties

    (247 )   (370 )    

Repayment of notes receivable from related parties

        2,389     198  

Payments of contingent consideration

            (242 )

Payments of indemnity holdback

            (1,887 )

Repurchase of stock options

            (2,330 )

Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options

    767     3,701     3,912  

Net cash provided by financing activities

    17,460     126,831     190,389  

Effect of foreign exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents

        618     (162 )

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

    (46,392 )   40,353     25,229  

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period

    69,218     22,826     63,179  

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period

  $ 22,826   $ 63,179   $ 88,408  

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

                   

Interest paid

  $ 529   $ 1,648   $ 449  

Income taxes paid

    48     107     1,394  

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:

                   

Indemnity holdback consideration associated with business combinations

        1,799      

Contingent consideration associated with business combinations

        635     474  

Net change in deferred offering costs, accrued but not paid

            2,858  

Net change in property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses

    574     3,482     3,004  

Accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock

    17,012     5,853      

Vesting of early exercised stock options

        574     543  

   

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

          CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc. (the "Company") was formed on November 7, 2011. The Company provides a leading cloud-delivered solution for next-generation endpoint protection that offers 10 cloud modules on its Falcon platform via a SaaS subscription-based model that spans multiple large security markets, including endpoint security, security and IT operations (including vulnerability management), and threat intelligence. The Company is headquartered in Sunnyvale, California. The Company conducts its business in the United States, as well as locations internationally, including in Australia, Germany, India, Romania, and the United Kingdom.

          The Company has funded its operations through several rounds of redeemable convertible preferred stock financings with net proceeds totaling $493.0 million through January 31, 2019. However, the Company has incurred losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception. As of January 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $519.1 million. Management of the Company expects that operating losses and negative cash flows from operations will continue for the foreseeable future. While management believes that the Company's cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities as of January 31, 2019 are adequate to meet its needs for at least the next twelve months, the Company may need to borrow funds or raise additional equity to achieve its longer term business objectives.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

          The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

          The unaudited pro forma balance sheet information as of January 31, 2019 has been prepared assuming the automatic conversion of all outstanding shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock into 131,267,586 shares of common stock immediately prior to the closing of a qualified IPO (see Note 8, Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock). The unaudited pro forma balance sheet also assumes the conversion of outstanding warrants to purchase shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock into warrants to purchase common stock and the resulting reclassification of the warrant liability to additional paid-in capital immediately prior to the closing of a qualified IPO.

          During the year ended January 31, 2019, the Company issued restricted stock units ("RSUs") to certain employees. These RSUs include a service-based vesting condition and a performance-based vesting condition. The service-based vesting condition is generally satisfied based on one of four vesting schedules: (i) vesting of one-fourth of the RSUs on the first "Company vest date" (defined as March 20, June 20, September 20, or December 20) on or following the one-year anniversary of the vesting commencement date and the remainder of the RSUs vest quarterly thereafter over the next 36 months, subject to continued service, (ii) sixteen equal quarterly installments beginning on the first Company vest date, subject to continued service, (iii) twelve equal quarterly installments beginning on the first Company vest date, subject to continued service, or (iv) eight equal quarterly installments beginning on December 20, 2022, subject to continued service. The performance-based vesting condition is satisfied on the earlier of (i) a change in control, in which the consideration paid to holders of shares is either cash, publicly traded securities, or a combination thereof, or (ii) the first Company vest date to occur following the

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

expiration of the lock-up period upon an IPO, subject to continued service through such change in control or lock-up expiration, as applicable. None of the RSUs vest unless the performance-based vesting condition is satisfied. The performance-based vesting condition is not deemed probable of occurring as of January 31, 2019, thus no stock-based compensation has been recognized.

          The satisfaction of the performance-based vesting condition is expected to become probable upon the completion of the Company's IPO, at which point the Company will record cumulative stock-based compensation expense using the accelerated attribution method. The remaining unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to the RSUs will be recognized over the remaining requisite service period. Accordingly, the unaudited pro forma balance sheet information as of January 31, 2019 gives effect to stock-based compensation expense of $10.4 million associated with these RSUs. This pro forma adjustment is reflected as an increase to additional paid-in capital and accumulated deficit. No RSUs have been included in the unaudited pro forma balance sheet disclosure of shares outstanding as the settlement of these shares will take place subsequent to the IPO. Payroll tax expenses and other withholding obligations have not been included in the pro forma adjustments. RSU holders will generally incur taxable income based upon the fair value of the shares on the date they are settled. The Company is required to withhold taxes on such value at applicable minimum statutory rates. The Company is unable to quantify these obligations as of January 31, 2019 and will remain unable to quantify them until the settlement of the RSUs, as the withholding obligations will be based on the fair value of the shares on the settlement date.

          The unaudited pro forma net loss per share for the year ended January 31, 2019 has been computed to give effect to the automatic conversion of the redeemable convertible preferred stock into common stock immediately prior to the closing of a qualified IPO as though the conversion had occurred as of the beginning of the period. The numerator in the unaudited pro forma net loss per share calculation has been adjusted to remove gains or losses resulting from the remeasurement of the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability as the warrants will be converted into warrants to purchase common stock and the related redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability will be reclassified to additional paid-in capital.

          Stock-based compensation expense associated with the RSUs discussed above is excluded from the pro forma presentation as these are not expected to have a recurring impact on the Company's financial statements. The pro forma share amounts exclude shares issuable for the RSUs granted as the vesting is contingent upon continued employment through the expiration of the lock-up period.

          The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the Company's consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates are based on information available as of the date of the consolidated financial statements. On a regular basis, management evaluates these estimates and assumptions. Actual results may differ from these estimates and such difference could be material to the Company's consolidated financial statements.

          Significant estimates and assumptions used by management affect revenue recognition, the allowance for doubtful accounts, the carrying value of long-lived assets, the useful lives of long-lived assets, the fair value of financial instruments, the recognition and disclosure of contingent liabilities,

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

the provision for income taxes and related deferred taxes, stock-based compensation, and the fair value of the Company's common stock and redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants.

          The Company generates revenue from the sale of subscriptions to access its cloud platform and professional services. The Company's sales team, along with its channel partner network of system integrators and value-added resellers (collectively, "channel partners"), sells the Company's services worldwide to organizations of all sizes. Due to the nature of the Company's services and the terms and conditions of the Company's contracts with its channel partners, the Company's business could be affected unfavorably if it is not able to continue its relationships with them.

          Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash, cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company's cash is placed with high-credit-quality financial institutions and issuers, and at times exceed federally insured limits. The Company limits its concentration of risk in cash equivalents and marketable securities by diversifying its investments among a variety of industries and issuers. The Company has not experienced any credit loss relating to its cash equivalents and marketable securities. The Company performs periodic credit evaluations of its customers and generally does not require collateral.

          Channel partners or direct customers who represented 10% or more of the Company's net accounts receivable were as follows:

 
  January 31,  
 
  2018   2019  

Channel partner A

    21 %   9 %

Customer A

    14 %   10 %

Customer B

        19 %

          Channel partners who represented 10% or more of the Company's total revenue were as follows:

 
  Year Ended
January 31,
 
 
  2017   2018   2019  

Channel partner A

    22 %   15 %   15 %

          There were no direct customers who represented 10% or more of the Company's total revenue during the years ended January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018, and January 31, 2019.

          The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents as of January 31, 2018 and January 31, 2019 consisted of corporate debt securities and money market funds stated at fair value. The Company classifies investments in marketable securities as available-for-sale securities at the time of purchase, since it is the Company's intent that these investments are available to support current operations. Marketable securities are classified as current or long-term based on the nature of the investments and their availability for use in current operations. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, if any, included in accumulated

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

other comprehensive income (loss). Unrealized losses are recorded in other expense, net, for declines in fair value below the cost of an individual investment that is deemed to be other-than-temporary. The Company did not identify any marketable securities as other-than-temporarily impaired as of January 31, 2018 and January 31, 2019. The Company determines realized gains or losses on the sale of marketable securities on a specific identification method and records such gains or losses in other expense, net. Marketable securities as of January 31, 2018 and January 31, 2019 consisted of corporate debt securities and U.S. treasury securities.

          The Company's financial instruments consist of cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability, and loans payable. The carrying values of cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate fair value due to their short-term nature. The carrying value of the loans payable approximates fair value because they bear interest at rates similar to debt instruments with similar features that reset periodically. The loans payable are categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

          The Company reports the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability at fair value (see Note 3, Fair Value Measurements). The warrants issued by the Company for redeemable convertible preferred stock in January 2015, December 2016, and March 2017 (see Note 8, Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock) have been recorded as a liability based on "Level 3" inputs, which consist of unobservable inputs and reflect management's estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the liability. The fair value of the warrants was determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which is affected by changes in inputs to that model including the Company's stock price, expected stock price volatility, risk-free rate, and contractual term.

          Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and are non-interest bearing. Accounts receivable are stated at their net realizable value, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company has a well-established collections history from its customers. Credit is extended to customers based on an evaluation of their financial condition and other factors. The Company generally does not require collateral from its customers; however, the Company may require payment prior to commencing service in certain instances to limit credit risk. The Company records an allowance for doubtful accounts based on management's assessment of the collectability of accounts. Management regularly reviews the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts by considering the age of each outstanding invoice, each customer's expected ability to pay, and the collection history with each customer, when applicable, to determine whether the allowance is appropriate. Amounts deemed uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. As of January 31, 2018 and January 31, 2019, the allowance for doubtful accounts was $0.4 million and $1.0 million, respectively.

          Deferred offering costs of $2.9 million have been recorded as other assets on the consolidated balance sheet as of January 31, 2019 and consist of expenses incurred in connection with the anticipated sale of the Company's common stock in an initial public offering ("IPO"), including

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Table of Contents


CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

legal, accounting, printing, and other IPO-related costs. Upon completion of the IPO, these deferred offering costs will be reclassified to stockholders' equity and recorded against the proceeds from the offering. If the Company terminates its planned IPO or if there is a significant delay, all of the deferred offering costs will be immediately written off to operating expenses in the consolidated statement of operations. As of January 31, 2018, the Company had not incurred such costs.

          Property and equipment, net, is stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:

Data center and other computer equipment

  3 - 5 years

Furniture and equipment

  5 years

Purchased software

  3 - 5 years

Capitalized internal-use software

  3 years

Leasehold improvements

  Estimated useful life or term of the lease, whichever is shorter

          Expenditures for routine maintenance and repairs are charged to operating expense as incurred. Major renewals and betterments are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives. Upon retirement or other disposition of property and equipment, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any gain or loss is recorded in operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

          The Company capitalizes certain development costs incurred in connection with its internal-use software. These capitalized costs are primarily related to the Company's cloud-delivered solution for next-generation endpoint protection. Costs incurred in the preliminary stages of development are expensed as incurred. Once an application has reached the development stage, internal and external costs, if direct, are capitalized until the software is substantially complete and ready for its intended use. Capitalization ceases upon completion of all substantial testing. The Company also capitalizes costs related to specific upgrades and enhancements when it is probable the expenditures will result in additional functionality. Capitalized costs are recorded as property and equipment, net. Maintenance and training costs are expensed as incurred. Internal-use software is amortized to cost of revenue on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life of three years. Management evaluates the useful lives of these assets on an annual basis and tests for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that could impact the recoverability of these assets. There were no impairments of internal-use software during the years ended January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018, and January 31, 2019. The Company capitalized $5.6 million, $6.5 million, and $6.8 million in internal-use software during the years ended January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018, and January 31, 2019, respectively. Amortization expense associated with internal-use software totaled $1.6 million, $3.2 million, and $5.2 million during the years ended January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018, and January 31, 2019, respectively. The net book value of capitalized internal-use software was $9.9 million and $11.5 million as of January 31, 2018 and January 31, 2019, respectively.

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

          Intangible assets, net, consisting of developed technology, customer relationships, and non-compete agreements, are stated at cost less accumulated amortization. All intangible assets have been determined to have definite lives and are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated economic lives of three to five years. Amortization expense related to developed technology is included in cost of revenue, amortization expense related to customer relationships is included in sales and marketing expenses, and amortization expense related to non-compete agreements is included in research and development expenses.

          The Company capitalizes commission costs that are incremental and directly related to the acquisition of customer contracts. Commission costs are accrued and capitalized upon execution of the sales contract by the customer. Deferred commissions are amortized over the related noncancelable term of the customer contract and are recoverable through the related future revenue streams. The Company capitalized commission costs of $25.3 million and $45.1 million during the years ended January 31, 2018 and January 31, 2019, respectively. Commission amortization expense was $5.1 million, $12.5 million, and $28.6 million during the years ended January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018, and January 31, 2019, respectively.

          The Company reviews for impairment of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset (or asset group) may not be recoverable. Events and changes in circumstances considered by the Company in determining whether the carrying value of long-lived assets may not be recoverable, include, but are not limited to: significant changes in performance relative to expected operating results, significant changes in the use of the assets, significant negative industry or economic trends, and changes in the Company's business strategy. Impairment testing is performed at an asset level that represents the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities (an "asset group"). An impairment loss would be recognized when estimated future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset (or asset group) and its eventual disposition is less than its carrying amount. No impairment indicators were identified by the Company and no impairment losses were recorded by the Company during the years ended January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018, and January 31, 2019.

          The deferred revenue balance consists of subscription and professional services which have been invoiced upfront and are recognized as revenue only when the revenue recognition criteria are met. The Company typically invoices its customers at the beginning of the term, or in some instances, such as in multi-year arrangements, in installments. Professional services are either invoiced upfront, invoiced in installments, or invoiced as the services are performed. Accordingly, the Company's deferred revenue balance does not include revenues for future years of multi-year non-cancellable contracts that have not yet been billed.

          The Company recognizes subscription revenue ratably over the contract term beginning on the commencement date of each contract, the date that services are made available to customers. Once services are available to customers, the Company records amounts due in accounts

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Table of Contents


CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

receivable and in deferred revenue. To the extent the Company bills customers in advance of the contract commencement date, the accounts receivable and corresponding deferred revenue amounts are netted to zero on the consolidated balance sheets, unless such amounts have been paid as of the balance sheet date.

          Warrants related to the Company's redeemable convertible preferred stock are classified as liabilities on the Company's consolidated balance sheet. The warrants are subject to reassessment at each balance sheet date, and any change in fair value is recognized as a component of other expense, net, in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company will continue to adjust the liability for changes in fair value until the earlier of the expiration or exercise of the warrants, or upon their automatic conversion into warrants to purchase common stock in connection with a qualified initial public offering (as defined in Note 8, Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock) such that they qualify for equity classification and no further remeasurement is required.

          The Company offers several cyber security solutions focused on technology, intelligence, and professional services.

          The Company recognizes subscription and professional services when: (1) persuasive evidence of the contract exists in the form of a written contract, amendments to that contract, or purchase orders from a third party; (2) delivery has occurred, or services have been rendered; (3) the price is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured based on customer creditworthiness and history of collection.

          The timing and the amount the Company recognizes as revenue is determined based on the facts and circumstances of each customer's arrangements. Evidence of an arrangement consists of a signed customer agreement. The Company considers that the delivery of its solution has commenced once it provides the customer with log-in information and the term of the contract has started. Fees are fixed based on stated rates specified in the customer agreement. The Company assesses collectability based on several factors, including the credit worthiness of the customer and transaction history. If collectability is not reasonably assured, revenue is deferred until the fees are collected.

          The Falcon Platform technology solutions are subscription, software as a service ("SaaS"), offerings designed to continuously monitor, share, and mitigate risks from determined attackers. Customers do not have the right to take possession of the cloud-based software platform. Fees are based on several factors, including the solutions subscribed for by the customer and the number of endpoints purchased by the customer. The subscription fees are typically payable within 30 to 60 days after the execution of the arrangement, and thereafter upon renewal or subsequent installment. The Company initially records the subscription fees as deferred revenue and recognizes revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement.

          The Company offers several types of professional services including incident response and forensic services, surge forensic and malware analysis, and attribution analysis, which are focused

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

on responding to imminent and direct threats, assessing vulnerabilities, and recommending solutions. The professional services are available through hourly rate and fixed fee contracts, one-time and ongoing engagements, and retainer-based agreements. Revenue for time and materials arrangements is recognized as services are performed and revenue for fixed fees is recognized on a proportional performance basis as the services are performed.

          For arrangements that involve the contemporaneous sale of subscription and professional services, the Company applies the multiple-element arrangement guidance to allocate the arrangement consideration to all deliverables based on their relative selling price. The Company has determined that the cloud-based platform subscription has standalone value, because once access is given to the customer, the solutions are fully functional and do not require any additional development, modification, or customization. Professional services have standalone value because they are regularly sold by the Company in separate transactions. Additionally, the performance of these professional services generally does not require highly specialized or technologically skilled individuals and the professional services are not essential to the functionality of the solutions.

          The Company uses a hierarchy to determine the selling price to be used for allocating revenue to deliverables: (i) vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value ("VSOE"); (ii) third-party evidence of selling price ("TPE"); and (iii) best estimate of selling price ("BESP").

          BESP reflects the Company's best estimates of what the selling prices of elements would be if they were sold regularly on a stand-alone basis. The Company's process for determining BESP involves management's judgment and considers numerous factors including the nature of the deliverables themselves and historical discounting practices. The Company updates its estimates of BESP on an ongoing basis as events and circumstances may require.

          The Company uses channel partners to complement direct sales and marketing efforts. The partners place an order with the Company after negotiating the order directly with an end customer. The partners negotiate pricing with the end customer and in some rare instances are responsible for certain support levels directly with the end customer. The Company's contract is with the partner and payment to the Company is not contingent on the receipt of payment from the end customer. The Company recognizes the contractual amount charged to the partners as revenue ratably over the term of the arrangement once access to the Company's solution has been provided to the end customer, provided that the other revenue recognition criteria noted above have been met.

          The Company also uses referral partners who refer customers in exchange for a referral fee. The Company negotiates pricing and contracts directly with the end customer. The Company recognizes revenue from the sales to the end customers, ratably over the term of the contract, once access to the Company's solution has been provided to the end customer, provided that the other revenue recognition criteria noted above have been met. The Company records referral fees paid to channel partners as sales commission expense as incurred.

          Research and development costs are charged to expense when incurred, except for certain internal-use software development costs, which may be capitalized as noted above. Research and development expense consists primarily of personnel and related headcount costs, costs of professional services associated with the ongoing development of the Company's technology, and allocated overhead.

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

          All advertising costs are expensed as incurred and are included in sales and marketing expense in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company incurred $2.1 million. $1.6 million, and $3.1 million of advertising costs during the years ended January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018 and January 31, 2019, respectively.

          The Company accounts for stock-based awards granted to employees and directors based on the awards' estimated grant date fair value. The Company estimates the fair value of its stock options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The resulting fair value, net of forfeitures, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the period during which the employee or director is required to provide service in exchange for the award, usually the vesting period, which is generally four years.

          Stock-based awards issued to non-employees are accounted for at fair value determined by using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Company believes that the fair value of the stock options is more reliably measured than the fair value of the services received. The fair value of each non-employee stock-based award is remeasured each period until a commitment date is reached, which is generally the vesting date.

          During fiscal 2017 and 2018, the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures. Historical data was used to estimate pre-vesting forfeitures and stock-based compensation expense was recorded only for those grants that were expected to vest.

          On February 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standard Update No. 2016-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting ("ASU 2016-09"), which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions. In accordance with ASU 2016-09, the Company has elected to account for forfeitures as they occur instead of estimating the number of awards expected to be forfeited and adjusting the estimate when it is no longer probable that the employee will fulfill the service condition. Adoption of this ASU on February 1, 2018 resulted in an adjustment to opening accumulated deficit of $0.1 million, net of tax, as of the date of adoption.

          Additionally, upon adoption of ASU 2016-09, on a modified retrospective basis, the Company recognized an immaterial amount of total U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets for such previously unrecognized excess tax benefits, which is offset by the U.S. federal and state valuation allowance. Under ASU 2016-09, the excess tax benefits and deficiencies are recognized in the period in which they occur. During the year ended January 31, 2019, the Company recognized an immaterial amount of net excess tax benefits.

          The Company allocates the fair value of purchase consideration to the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. Such valuations require management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets. Significant

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

estimates in valuing certain intangible assets include, but are not limited to, future expected cash flows from acquired users, acquired technology, trade names from a market participant perspective, useful lives and discount rates. Management's estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates. During the measurement period, which is one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are recorded in the consolidated statement of operations.

          The Company evaluates and tests the recoverability of goodwill for impairment at least annually, on January 31, or more frequently if circumstances indicate that goodwill may not be recoverable. The Company performs the impairment testing by first assessing qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of its reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. The Company has one reporting unit. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, the Company determines it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the Company performs the first step of a two-step analysis by comparing the book value of net assets to the fair value of the reporting unit. To calculate any potential impairment, the Company compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. Any excess of the carrying amount of the reporting unit's goodwill over its fair value is recognized as an impairment loss, and the carrying value of goodwill is written down. In assessing the qualitative factors, the Company considers the impact of certain key factors including macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, management turnover, changes in regulation, litigation matters, changes in enterprise value, and overall financial performance. No impairment was recorded during the years ended January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018, or January 31, 2019. The change in goodwill balance during the year ended January 31, 2018 was due to acquisitions and changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The change in the goodwill balance during the year ended January 31, 2019 was due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

          Acquired intangible assets consisting of identifiable intangible assets, were comprised of developed technology, customer relationships, and non-compete agreements resulting from acquisitions. Acquired intangible assets are recorded at fair value on the date of acquisition and amortized over their estimated economic lives following the pattern in which the economic benefits of the assets will be consumed which is on a straight-line basis. Acquired intangible assets are presented net of accumulated amortization on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company reviews the carrying amounts of intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. The Company measures the recoverability of intangible assets by comparing the carrying amount of each asset to the future undiscounted cash flows it expects the asset to generate. If the Company considers any of these assets to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized equals the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds its fair value. In addition, the Company periodically evaluates the estimated remaining useful lives of long-lived assets to determine whether events or changes in circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining period of depreciation or amortization.

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

          The Company leases its office space under various noncancelable operating lease agreements and recognizes related rent expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Certain lease agreements contain rent holidays, scheduled rent increases, lease incentives, and renewal options. Rent holidays and scheduled rent increases are included in the determination of rent expense to be recorded over the lease term. Lease incentives are recognized as a reduction of rent expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Renewals are not assumed in the determination of the lease term unless they are deemed to be reasonably assured at the inception of the lease. The Company begins to recognize rent expense on the date that the Company obtains the legal right to use and control the leased space.

          The functional currencies of the Company's foreign subsidiaries are each country's local currency. Assets and liabilities of the subsidiaries are translated into U.S. Dollars at exchange rates in effect at the reporting date. Amounts classified in stockholders' equity (deficit) are translated at historical exchange rates. Revenue and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates during the period. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Foreign currency transaction gains or losses, whether realized or unrealized, are reflected in the consolidated statements of operations within other expense, net, and have not been material for all periods presented.

          The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities and net operating loss and credit carryforwards using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized.

          The Company accounts for unrecognized tax benefits using a more-likely-than-not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company establishes a liability for tax-related uncertainties based on estimates of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. The Company records an income tax liability, if any, for the difference between the benefit recognized and measured and the tax position taken or expected to be taken on the Company's tax returns. To the extent that the assessment of such tax positions changes, the change in estimate is recorded in the period in which the determination is made. The liability is adjusted considering changing facts and circumstances, such as the outcome of a tax audit. The provision for income taxes includes the impact of liability provisions and changes to the liability that are considered appropriate. As the Company maintained a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets, the changes resulted in no additional tax expense during the years ended January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018, and January 31, 2019. As of January 31, 2019, the Company does not expect that changes in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits for the next twelve months will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

          When sales and other taxes are billed, such amounts are recorded as accounts receivable with a corresponding increase to sales tax payable, respectively. The balances are then removed from the consolidated balance sheet as cash is collected from the customer and as remitted to the respective tax authority.

          The Company's chief operating decision maker ("CODM") is its chief executive officer. The CODM reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for the purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. Accordingly, management has determined that the Company operates as one reportable segment. The Company presents financial information about its geographic areas in Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements.

          Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is presented in conformity with the two-class method required for participating securities. The Company considers all series of its redeemable convertible preferred stock to be participating securities. Net income is attributed to common stockholders and participating securities based on their participation rights. Net loss attributable to common stockholders is not allocated to the redeemable convertible preferred stock as the holders of the redeemable convertible preferred stock do not have a contractual obligation to share in any losses.

          Under the two-class method, basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Net loss attributable to common stockholders is calculated by adjusting net loss for current period accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock.

          Diluted earnings per share attributable to common stockholders adjusts basic earnings per share for the potentially dilutive impact of stock options and redeemable convertible preferred stock. As the Company has reported losses for all periods presented, all potentially dilutive securities including redeemable convertible preferred stock, stock options, and warrants, are antidilutive and accordingly, basic net loss per share equals diluted net loss per share.

          In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which provides guidance for revenue recognition. Under the new guidance, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services and is recognized in an amount that reflects the consideration that the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the guidance requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. Subsequently, the FASB has issued the following guidance to amend ASU 2014-09: ASU No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date; ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net); ASU No. 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing; ASU No. 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients; and

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

ASU No. 2016-20, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, which clarifies narrow aspects of Topic 606 or corrects unintended application of the guidance. The Company must adopt ASU No. 2015-14, ASU No. 2016-08, ASU No. 2016-10, ASU No. 2016-12, and ASU No. 2016-20 with ASU No. 2014-09, which are referred to collectively as the "new revenue guidance." The new revenue guidance will be effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal year 2020.

          The guidance permits two methods of adoption of the new revenue guidance: retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (full retrospective method) or retrospectively with the cumulative effective of initially applying the guidance recognized at the date of adoption (modified retrospective method). The Company currently anticipates adopting the new revenue guidance using the modified retrospective transition method. As the Company continues to assess the new guidance along with industry trends and internal progress, it may adjust its implementation plan and methodology accordingly.

          The new revenue guidance will also require that the Company capitalize certain incremental costs of obtaining a contract, such as sales commissions paid to internal sales personnel and to channel partners, which are currently amortized over the term of the contract. Under the new revenue guidance, such capitalized costs will be amortized over an estimated customer life for the initial acquisition of a contract and over the contractual term for renewal contracts.

          The Company is continuing to evaluate the impact of the adoption of the new revenue guidance on its consolidated financial statements, including the tax effects of the adjustments discussed above and the increased disclosure requirements. The Company does not expect the new revenue guidance to have a material impact on the timing of revenue recognition related to its cloud-based subscription offerings. The Company expects to record an increase to opening accumulated deficit of $21.0 million to $26.0 million, net of tax, as of February 1, 2019 related to a reduction in commissions expense due to the adoption of this ASU.

          In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases. The new guidance supersedes current guidance related to accounting for leases and generally requires an entity to recognize on its balance sheet operating and financing lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842. This ASU makes 16 technical corrections to the new lease standard and other accounting topics, alleviating unintended consequences from applying the new standard. It does not make any substantive changes to the core provisions or principles of the new standard. In July 2018, the FASB also issued ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements. This ASU provides (1) an optional transition method that entities can use when adopting the standard and (2) a practical expedient that permits lessors to not separate non-lease components from the associated lease component if certain conditions are met. For public business entities, these ASUs are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities, these ASUs are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. ASU No. 2016-02 can be adopted using either full or modified retrospective approach as of the earliest period presented or as of the adoption date with the cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance recognized in retained earnings in the period of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of these ASUs on its consolidated financial statements.

          In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This ASU amends guidance on reporting credit losses for assets held at amortized cost basis and available-for-sale debt securities

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

to require that credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down. The measurement of credit losses for newly recognized financial assets and subsequent changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations. For public business entities that are SEC filers, this ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities, this ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

          In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force). This ASU provides guidance to decrease the diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. This ASU was effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities, this ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

          In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory, which requires recognition of current and deferred income taxes resulting from an intra-entity transfer of any asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. For public business entities, this ASU was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities, this ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

          In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business, which changes the definition of a business to assist entities with evaluating when a set of transferred assets and activities is a business. If substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, the set of transferred assets and activities is not a business. For public business entities, this ASU was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities, this ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

          In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. This ASU simplifies the measurement of goodwill by eliminating step two of the two-step impairment test. Step two measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit's goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. This ASU requires an entity to compare the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value. Additionally, an entity should consider income tax effects from any tax-deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. For public business entities that are SEC filers, this ASU is effective for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. For all other entities, this ASU is effective for annual or any

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

          In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which provides financial statement preparers with an option to reclassify stranded tax effects within accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings in each period in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (or portion thereof) is recorded. This ASU was effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments in this ASU should be applied either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period (or periods) in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act is recognized. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

          In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. This ASU simplifies the accounting for share-based payments to nonemployees by aligning it with the accounting for share-based payments to employees, with certain exceptions. This ASU is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities, this ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than the adoption date of Topic 606. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

          In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. This ASU modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement. The amendments on changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements, and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty should be applied prospectively for only the most recent interim or annual period presented in the initial fiscal year of adoption. All other amendments should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented upon their effective date. This ASU is effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

          In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force). This ASU aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal use software. This ASU is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities, this ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. Early adoption is permitted. Entities can choose to adopt this ASU prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

          In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. For public business entities, this ASU was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities, this ASU was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. On February 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-09, which resulted in a cumulative effect adjustment to its opening accumulated deficit of $0.1 million, net of tax, as of the date of adoption.

          In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting, which provides clarity in applying the guidance in Topic 718 around modifications of share-based payment awards. This ASU was effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. On February 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2017-09, which did not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

3. Fair Value Measurements and Marketable Securities

          The Company follows ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements, with respect to marketable securities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Under the standard, fair value is defined as the exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. The standard also establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company's assumptions about the factors market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability developed based upon the best information available in the circumstances.

          The hierarchy is broken down into three levels as follows:

  Level 1   Assets and liabilities whose values are based on unadjusted quoted market prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets

 

Level 2

 

Assets and liabilities whose values are based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or inputs that are observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability

 

Level 3

 

Assets and liabilities whose values are based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement

          Categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

          The Company's fair value hierarchy for its financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis are as follows:

 
  January 31, 2018  
 
  Level 1   Level 2   Level 3   Total  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Assets

                         

Cash equivalents(1)

                         

Money market funds

  $ 13,934   $   $   $ 13,934  

Corporate debt securities

        9,763         9,763  

Total cash equivalents

    13,934     9,763         23,697  

Marketable securities

                         

Corporate debt securities

        2,593         2,593  

Total marketable securities

        2,593         2,593  

Total assets

  $ 13,934   $ 12,356   $   $ 26,290  

Liabilities

                         

Contingent consideration related to business combination(2)

  $   $   $ 635   $ 635  

Redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability

            961     961  

Total liabilities

  $   $   $ 1,596   $ 1,596  

 

 
  January 31, 2019  
 
  Level 1   Level 2   Level 3   Total  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Assets

                         

Cash equivalents(1)

                         

Money market funds

  $ 42,132   $   $   $ 42,132  

Corporate debt securities

        27,941         27,941  

Total cash equivalents

    42,132     27,941         70,073  

Marketable securities

                         

Corporate debt securities

        91,796         91,796  

U.S. treasury securities

    11,451             11,451  

Total marketable securities

    11,451     91,796         103,247  

Total assets

  $ 53,583   $ 119,737   $   $ 173,320  

Liability

                         

Contingent consideration related to business combinations(2)

  $   $   $ 474   $ 474  

Redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability

            4,537     4,537  

Total liabilities

  $   $   $ 5,011   $ 5,011  

(1)
Included in "Cash and cash equivalents" on the consolidated balance sheets.
(2)
The contingent consideration consists of development milestone payments. The fair value of the contingent consideration was estimated by developing the risk-adjusted discounted value as well as discounted probability-weighted expected payments. That measure is based on Level 3 inputs which are significant inputs that are not

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

    observable in the market. Key assumptions at the acquisition date included (a) a discount rate range of 3%-3.02% and (b) three probability-adjusted milestone payments, each $0.2 million. As of January 31, 2018, the amount recognized for the contingent consideration arrangement, the range of outcomes, and the assumptions used to develop the estimates had not changed from the original estimate as of the date of acquisition. As of January 31, 2019, the first milestone payment of $0.2 million had been made.

          There were no transfers between and levels of the fair value hierarchy during the years ended January 31, 2018 or January 31, 2019.

          The remaining contractual maturities of marketable securities as of January 31, 2018 and January 31, 2019 were less than one year.

          The following summarizes the changes in the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability, which is classified as a Level 3 instrument:

 
  Year Ended January 31,  
 
  2017   2018   2019  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Balance at beginning of period

  $ 150   $ 568   $ 961  

Additions

    269     129      

Adjustment resulting from change in fair value recognized in the consolidated statements of operations

    149     264     3,576  

Balance at end of period

  $ 568   $ 961   $ 4,537  

          The fair value of the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and was based on significant inputs not observable in the market, and therefore was classified as a Level 3 instrument. The inputs include the Company's preferred stock price, expected stock price volatility, risk-free interest rate, and contractual term. A loss of $0.1 million, $0.3 million, and $3.6 million was recorded as a component of other expense, net, because of the remeasurement of the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability during the years ended January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018, and January 31, 2019, respectively.

4. Balance Sheet Components

          Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following:

 
  January 31,  
 
  2018   2019  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Prepaid expenses

  $ 7,360   $ 14,390  

Prepaid hosting services

    2,915     2,915  

Other current assets

    2,136     1,105  

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

  $ 12,411   $ 18,410  

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

          Property and equipment, net consisted of the following:

 
  January 31,  
 
  2018   2019  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Data center and other computer equipment

  $ 28,823   $ 44,735  

Capitalized internal-use software

    15,416     22,209  

Leasehold improvements

    3,651     10,011  

Purchased software

    822     1,460  

Furniture and equipment

    840     2,553  

Construction in process

    3,562     19,455  

    53,114     100,423  

Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization

    (12,360 )   (26,688 )

Property and equipment, net

  $ 40,754   $ 73,735  

          Construction in process includes data center equipment purchased that has not yet been placed in service. During the year ended January 31, 2019, $18.6 million of data center equipment was purchased that had not yet been placed into service.

          Depreciation and amortization expense of property and equipment was $2.9 million, $7.1 million, and $14.8 million during the years ended January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018, and January 31, 2019.

          Total intangible assets, net consisted of the following:

 
  January 31,  
 
  2018   2019  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Developed technology

  $ 1,639   $ 1,269  

Customer relationships

    685     632  

Non-compete agreement

    137     126  

    2,461     2,027  

Less: Accumulated amortization

    (725 )   (979 )

Intangible assets, net

  $ 1,736   $ 1,048  

          Amortization expense of intangible assets was $0.1 million, $0.6 million, and $0.6 million during the years ended January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018, and January 31, 2019, respectively.

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

          The estimated aggregate future amortization expense of intangible assets as of January 31, 2019 is as follows:

 
  Developed
Technology
  Customer
Relationships
  Non-Compete
Agreement
  Total  
 
  (in thousands)
 

2020

  $ 328   $ 127   $ 42   $ 497  

2021

    178     127     30     335  

2022

        127           127  

2023

        89         89  

Total amortization expense

                    $ 1,048  

          The developed technology, customer relationships, and non-compete agreement assets are being amortized over 3 years, 5 years, and 3 years, respectively.

          Accrued expenses consisted of the following:

 
  January 31,  
 
  2018   2019  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Web hosting services

  $ 14,465   $ 12,224  

Accrued purchases of property and equipment

    1,035     7,042  

Other vendor expenses

    5,286     12,326  

Amounts due for employee expenses

    728     949  

Accrued expenses

  $ 21,514   $ 32,541  

          Accrued payroll and benefits consisted of the following:

 
  January 31,  
 
  2018   2019  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Accrued payroll and related expenses

  $ 7,423   $ 4,326  

Accrued bonuses

    4,686     5,459  

Accrued commissions

    6,204     9,499  

Accrued payroll and benefits

  $ 18,313   $ 19,284  

5. Business Combinations

          In October 2017, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding share capital of Payload Security UG, a privately held cybersecurity company with an automated malware analysis product, which was based in Germany. The total purchase consideration was $8.0 million, consisting of initial cash consideration of $5.4 million, deferred tax liabilities of $0.6 million, indemnity holdback consideration of $1.3 million, and three development milestone payments totaling $0.7 million. At

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

the time of the acquisition, the Company considered it probable that these milestone payments, recorded as contingent consideration, would be earned and paid. The first milestone payment of $0.2 million was paid in October 2018 and the second and third payments are expected to be made in October 2019 and October 2020, respectively. The indemnity holdback was paid in January 2019. The Company incurred $0.2 million in legal and accounting fees associated with this acquisition, which have been recorded as general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

          The holdback and the milestone payments were recorded in other current liabilities and in other liabilities, noncurrent on the consolidated balance sheet. The total purchase consideration of $8.0 million was recorded as follows (in thousands):

Net tangible assets

  $ 591  

Developed technology

    790  

Customer relationships

    650  

Non-compete agreement

    130  

Goodwill

    5,834  

Total net asset value

  $ 7,995  

          Goodwill represents the synergies expected from the Company improving upon the acquired company's product through further development. The goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. As of January 31, 2019, the first milestone payment was made for $0.2 million.

          Pro forma results of operations data for the Payload Security UG acquisition has not been presented because the results are not material to the consolidated financial statements.

          In September 2017, the Company acquired a privately held cybersecurity company focused on mobile monitoring. Consideration included an up-front cash payment of $2.0 million, an additional $0.5 million to be paid six months after the effective date of the agreement less any set off for claims arising after the acquisition, and $0.1 million to reimburse taxes owed by the owners of the acquired business for operations prior to acquisition. The Company accounted for the acquisition as a business combination and recorded $2.3 million as goodwill and $0.3 million as developed technology. The additional payments of $0.5 million and $0.1 million were made in April 2018.

6. Loans Payable

          In January 2015, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement with Silicon Valley Bank, which was subsequently amended and restated in March 2017, providing the Company the ability to borrow up to $10.0 million from a term loan and $20.0 million from a revolving line of credit. The amendment was accounted for as a debt modification under ASC 470-50, Modification and Extinguishment of Debt. As of January 31, 2018 and January 31, 2019, the Company owed $6.2 million and $0, respectively, on the term loan. Outstanding principal amounts on the term loan incur interest at the Prime Rate, as published by the Wall Street Journal, plus 0.50% per month. Interest expense on the term loan was $0.4 million, $0.3 million, and $0.1 million during the years ended January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018, and January 31, 2019, respectively.

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

          No amounts were drawn on the line of credit as of January 31, 2017. As of January 31, 2018, the Company had drawn $10.0 million against the revolving line of credit. The carrying amount of the line of credit, net of debt issuance costs of $0.2 million, was $9.8 million as of January 31, 2018. Outstanding principal amounts on the revolving line of credit incur interest at the Prime Rate, as published by the Wall Street Journal. Interest expense on the revolving line of credit was $0.4 million and $0.3 million during the years ended January 31, 2018 and January 31, 2019, respectively.

          As part of the Loan and Security Agreement, the Company issued Silicon Valley Bank a warrant to purchase 170,818 shares of its Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock at an exercise price of $1.405 per share. The fair value of the warrant has been bifurcated from the loan payable and is accounted for as a liability (see Note 8, Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, for further discussion). The loan payable discount is amortized over the life of the loan using the effective interest method. The warrant had not been exercised as of January 31, 2018 or January 31, 2019.

          In March 2017, as part of the Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, the Company issued Silicon Valley Bank a warrant to purchase up to 66,225 shares of Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock at an exercise price of $4.53 per share. The fair value of the warrant has been bifurcated from the loan payable and is accounted for as a liability (see Note 8, Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, for further discussion). The loan payable discount is amortized over the life of the loan using the effective interest method. The warrant had not been exercised as of January 31, 2018 or January 31, 2019.

          The Loan and Security Agreement is collateralized by the Company's property, rights, and assets, including, but not limited to, cash, goods, equipment, contractual rights, financial assets, and intangible assets. The Loan and Security Agreement contains customary affirmative covenants and customary negative covenants limiting the Company's ability and the ability of the Company's subsidiaries to, among other things, dispose of assets, undergo a change in control, merge or consolidate, make acquisitions, incur debt, incur liens, pay dividends, repurchase stock, and make investments, in each case subject to certain exceptions. Further, the Loan and Security Agreement contains financial covenants that require the maintenance of minimum annual contract values. The Company was in compliance with all covenants at January 31, 2018 and January 31, 2019. The Loan and Security Agreement contains customary events of default that include, among others, non-payment of principal, interest or fees, breach of covenants, inaccuracy of representations and warranties, cross defaults to certain other indebtedness, bankruptcy and insolvency events, and material judgments.

          In July 2018, the Company repaid the entire balance due as of January 31, 2018 on its revolving line of credit of $10.0 million and the entire balance due as of January 31, 2018 on its term loan of $6.2 million. No further amounts are available for borrowing under the term loan. A total of $20.0 million is still available for borrowing under the revolving line of credit.

          In December 2016, the Company entered into a Growth Capital Loan and Security Agreement with TriplePoint Venture Growth BDC Corp. providing the Company the ability to borrow up to $40.0 million from a growth capital term loan. $20.0 million was drawn upon execution as an initial

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

advance. Borrowings under this facility were collateralized by the Company's personal property, including but not limited to cash, goods, equipment, contractual rights, financial assets, and intangible assets. Draws on the growth capital term loan were payable as interest-only at the Prime Rate, as published by the Wall Street Journal (not to be less than 3.5%), plus 7.75% per month through December 31, 2018, followed by 24 months of principal and accrued interest.

          Interest expense was $0.2 million, $1.0 million, and $0 for the years ended January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018, and January 31, 2019, respectively. In June 2017, the Company voluntarily prepaid the outstanding principal balance of $19.1 million and terminated the Growth Capital Loan and Security Agreement and the remaining unamortized debt issuance costs of $0.5 million were expensed to other expense, net in the consolidated statements of operations during the year ended January 31, 2018.

          The Growth Capital Loan and Security Agreement contained customary affirmative covenants and customary negative covenants limiting the Company's ability and the ability of the Company's subsidiaries to, among other things, dispose of assets, undergo a change in control, merge or consolidate, make acquisitions, incur debt, incur liens, pay dividends, repurchase stock, and make investments, in each case subject to certain exceptions. The Growth Capital Loan and Security Agreement contained customary events of default that included, among others, non-payment of principal, interest, or fees, breach of covenants, inaccuracy of representations and warranties, cross defaults to certain other indebtedness, bankruptcy and insolvency events, material judgments, and events constituting a change in control.

          As part of the Growth Loan and Security Agreement, the Company issued TriplePoint Venture Growth BDC Corp. a warrant to purchase 99,343 shares of Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock at an exercise price of $4.53 per share. The fair value of the warrant was bifurcated from the loan payable and is accounted for as a liability (see Note 8, Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, for further discussion). The loan payable discount is amortized over the life of the loan using the effective interest method. The warrant had not been exercised as of January 31, 2018 or January 31, 2019.

          Per the terms of the Growth Loan and Security Agreement, upon advances after the initial advance, the Company would be required to issue an additional 33,116 warrants to purchase shares of Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock at an exercise price of $4.53 per share. No such warrants were issued as of January 31, 2018 or January 31, 2019, as no subsequent advances were made.

7. Income Taxes

          The Company's geographical breakdown of loss before provision for income taxes for the years ended January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018, and January 31, 2019 is as follows:

 
  Year Ended January 31,  
 
  2017   2018   2019  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Domestic

  $ (91,331 ) $ (137,523 ) $ (143,308 )

International

    78     2,962     4,598  

Loss before provision for income taxes

  $ (91,253 ) $ (134,561 ) $ (138,710 )

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

          The components of the provision for income taxes as of January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018, and January 31, 2019 are as follows:

 
  Year Ended January 31,  
 
  2017   2018   2019  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Current

                   

Federal

  $   $   $  

State

    13     240     304  

Foreign

    90     800     1,481  

Total current

    103     1,040     1,785  

Deferred

                   

Federal

             

State

             

Foreign

    (16 )   (111 )   (418 )

Total deferred

    (16 )   (111 )   (418 )

Provision for income taxes

  $ 87   $ 929   $ 1,367  

          The following table provides a reconciliation between income taxes computed at the federal statutory rate and the provision for income taxes as of January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018, and January 31, 2019:

 
  Year Ended January 31,  
 
  2017   2018   2019  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Provision for income taxes at statutory rate

  $ (31,027 ) $ (44,265 ) $ (29,129 )

State income taxes, net of federal benefit

    8     162     245  

Foreign earnings at different rates

    (118 )   (285 )   97  

Research and other credits

    (1,846 )   (2,621 )   (3,769 )

Stock-based compensation

    597     3,738     2,414  

Non-deductible expenses

    684     1,142     1,833  

Impact of U.S. tax reform

        36,146      

Transition tax

        521      

Valuation allowance

    31,789     6,391     29,676  

Provision for income taxes

  $ 87   $ 929   $ 1,367  

          Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes.

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

          Significant components of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities as of January 31, 2018 and January 31, 2019 are as follows:

 
  Year Ended January 31,  
 
  2018   2019  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Deferred tax assets

             

Net operating loss carryforwards

  $ 70,878   $ 95,619  

Research credit carryforwards

    7,332     11,102  

Intangible assets

    333     307  

Stock-based compensation

    144     498  

Deferred revenue

    5,316     12,245  

Accrued expenses

    1,257     1,712  

Other

    334     1,009  

Gross deferred assets

    85,594     122,492  

Less: Valuation allowance

   
(84,369

)
 
(120,391

)

Total deferred tax assets

    1,225     2,101  

Deferred tax liabilities

             

Property and equipment, net

    (1,216 )   (1,890 )

Intangible assets

    (433 )   (310 )

Deferred revenue

    (93 )      

Total deferred tax liabilities

    (1,742 )   (2,200 )

Net deferred tax liabilities

  $ (517 ) $ (99 )

          At each reporting date, the Company has established a valuation allowance against its U.S. net deferred tax assets due to the uncertainty surrounding the realization of those assets. The Company periodically evaluates the recoverability of the deferred tax assets and, when it is determined to be more-likely-than-not that the deferred tax assets are realizable, the valuation allowance is reduced. During the years ended January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018, and January 31, 2019 the valuation allowance increased by $33.8 million, $12.1 million, and $36.1 million, respectively. The increase in the valuation allowance during the year ended January 31, 2017 was primarily driven by losses generated in the United States. The increase in the valuation allowance during the year ended January 31, 2018 was also primarily driven by losses generated in the U.S., partially offset by the reduction in our federal corporate tax rate from 34% to 21% as part of the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act") as detailed below. The increase in the valuation allowance during the year ended January 31, 2019 was primarily driven by losses generated in the United States.

          As of January 31, 2019, the Company had aggregate federal and California net operating loss carryforwards of $376.0 million and $50.9 million, respectively, which may be available to offset future taxable income for income tax purposes. The federal and California net operating loss carryforwards begin to expire in fiscal 2031 through fiscal 2039. As of January 31, 2019, net operating loss carryforwards for other states total $236.9 million which begin to expire in fiscal 2021 through fiscal 2039.

          As of January 31, 2019, the Company had federal and California research and development ("R&D") credit carryforwards of $7.4 million and $3.7 million, respectively. The federal R&D credit

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

carryforwards will begin to expire in fiscal 2031 though fiscal 2039. The California R&D credits are carried forward indefinitely.

          Realization of these net operating loss and research and development credit carryforwards depends on future income, and there is a risk that our existing carryforwards could expire unused and be unavailable to offset future income tax liabilities.

          The Internal Revenue Code imposes limitations on a corporation's ability to utilize net operating loss ("NOLs") and credit carryovers if it experiences an ownership change as defined in Section 382. In general terms, an ownership change may result from transactions increasing the ownership of certain stockholders in the stock of a corporation by more than 50% over a three-year period. If an ownership change has occurred, or were to occur, utilization of the Company's NOLs and credit carryovers could be restricted.

          The Company has adopted the authoritative guidance relating to the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. The guidance clarified the recognition of tax positions taken, or expected to be taken, on a tax return. The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is more likely than not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant taxing authority. An uncertain tax position will not be recognized if it has a less than 50% likelihood of being sustained.

          Total gross unrecognized tax benefit liabilities as of January 31, 2018 and January 31, 2019 were $8.1 million and $8.1 million, respectively. As of January 31, 2019, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits, which, if recognized, would affect the Company's effective tax rate due to full valuation allowance. The Company's policy is to classify interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as part of the income tax provision in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company had no accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as of January 31, 2018 or January 31, 2019.

          The following is a rollforward of the total gross unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018, and January 31, 2019 (in thousands):

Balance as of February 1, 2016

  $ 2,899  

Increases in current period tax positions

    2,161  

Balance as of January 31, 2017

  $ 5,060  

Increases in current period tax positions

    3,068  

Balance as of January 31, 2018

  $ 8,128  

Increases in current period tax positions

     

Balance as of January 31, 2019

  $ 8,128  

          The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state jurisdictions. As the Company expands its global operations in the normal course of business, the Company could be subject to examination by taxing authorities throughout the world. These audits could include questioning the timing and amount of deductions; the nexus of income among various tax jurisdictions; and compliance with federal, state, local, and foreign tax laws. The Company is not currently under audit by the Internal Revenue Service or other similar state, local, and foreign authorities. All tax years remain subject to examination by U.S. taxing authorities due to the Company's net operating losses and R&D credit carryforwards.

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

          On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted the Tax Act which makes significant changes to the U.S. tax code. The Tax Act includes several key tax provisions that affect the Company including, but not limited to, lowering the U.S. federal corporate tax rate to 21% for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, establishing a new provision to currently tax certain global intangible low-taxed income of controlled foreign corporations, and imposing a one-time tax ("Transition Tax") on the mandatory deemed repatriation of cumulative foreign earnings. The Transition Tax is based upon the post-1986 earnings and profits that were previously deferred from U.S. income taxes.

          On December 22, 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("SAB 118"), which provides guidance on accounting for the Tax Act's impact and allows registrants to record provisional amounts during a measurement period not to extend beyond one year of the enactment date. The Company has determined that the Tax Act did not have a material impact to the financial statements, thereby impacting exclusively the disclosures in the Company's year-end financial statements. The Company currently maintains a full valuation allowance against its U.S. deferred tax assets since the Company continues to incur losses in the United States for all fiscal years since inception.

          During the year ended January 31, 2019, the Company completed the accounting for the Tax Act within the measurement period. The previously recorded provisional amount recorded for the Transition Tax was adjusted by an immaterial amount but was fully offset by a corresponding adjustment to the valuation allowance resulting in no impact to the provision for income taxes. The Company has also completed the analysis of the impact of the Tax Act on its existing assertion to indefinitely reinvest the earnings of its subsidiaries outside the United States and concluded that no change was necessary.

          As a result of the Tax Act, the Company can make an accounting policy election to either treat taxes due on the global intangible low-taxed income inclusion as a current period expense or factor such amounts into the Company's measurement of deferred taxes. The Company has completed its analysis of the global intangible low-tax income provisions and elected to use the period cost method and therefore no accrual for the deferred tax aspects of this provision was made.

8. Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock

          The Company is authorized to issue 137,418,875 shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock, par value $0.0005 per share ("Preferred Stock"), 52,300,000 of which are designated "Series A-1 Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock" (the "Series A-1 Preferred Stock"), 21,523,118 of which are designated "Series B Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock" (the "Series B Preferred Stock"), 22,275,128 of which are designated "Series C Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock" (the "Series C Preferred Stock"), 17,569,969 of which are designated "Series D Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock" (the "Series D Preferred Stock"), 5,393,976 of which are designated "Series D-1 Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock (the "Series D-1 Preferred Stock"), 14,579,598 of which are designated "Series E Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock" (the "Series E Preferred Stock"), and 3,777,086 of which are designated "Series E-1 Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock (the "Series E-1 Preferred Stock").

          In May 2017, the Company completed the issuance of 17,569,969 shares of its Series D Preferred Stock at a price of $5.69 per share.

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

          In October 2017, the Company completed the issuance of 5,393,976 shares of its Series D-1 Preferred Stock at a price of $5.69 per share.

          In June 2018, the Company completed the issuance of 8,372,573 shares of its Series E redeemable convertible preferred stock ("Series E Preferred Stock") at a price of $16.46 per share and the issuance of 3,777,086 shares of its Series E-1 redeemable convertible preferred stock ("Series E-1 Preferred Stock") at a price of $16.46 per share for net proceeds of $199.9 million. In September 2018, the Company issued an additional 425,238 shares of its Series E Preferred Stock at a price of $16.46 per share for net proceeds of $7.0 million.

          All Series E-1 Preferred Stock were converted into Series E Preferred Stock during the year ended January 31, 2019.

          The following table summarizes the authorized, issued, and outstanding redeemable convertible preferred stock of the Company as of January 31, 2018:

Class
  Issue Price
per Share
  Shares
Authorized
  Shares
Issued and
Outstanding
  Net
Carrying
Value
  Liquidation
Preference
  Redemption
Value
 
 
  (in thousands, except per share values)
 

Series A-1

  $ 0.50000     52,300     52,300   $ 76,325   $ 52,300   $ 147,094  

Series B

    1.40500     21,523     21,352     44,320     30,000     61,655  

Series C

    4.52972     22,275     22,077     99,900     100,000     100,000  

Series D

    5.69153     17,570     17,570     99,845     125,000     100,000  

Series D-1

    5.69153     5,447     5,394     30,626     30,700     30,700  

Total

          119,115     118,693   $ 351,016   $ 338,000   $ 439,449  

          The following table summarizes the authorized, issued, and outstanding redeemable convertible preferred stock of the Company as of January 31, 2019:

Class
  Issue Price
per Share
  Shares
Authorized
  Shares
Issued and
Outstanding
  Net
Carrying
Value
  Liquidation
Preference
  Redemption
Value
 
 
  (in thousands, except per share values)
 

Series A-1

  $ 0.50000     52,300     52,300   $ 76,325   $ 52,300   $ 623,678  

Series B

    1.40500     21,523     21,352     44,320     30,000     254,623  

Series C

    4.52972     22,275     22,077     99,900     100,000     263,765  

Series D

    5.69153     17,570     17,570     99,845     125,000     211,631  

Series D-1

    5.69153     5,394     5,394     30,626     30,700     64,607  

Series E

    16.46136     18,357     12,575     206,896     207,000     207,000  

Total

          137,419     131,268   $ 557,912   $ 545,000   $ 1,625,304  

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

          The rights, preferences, and privileges of the Preferred Stock are as follows:

          Each holder of outstanding shares of Preferred Stock is entitled to cast the number of votes equal to the number of whole shares of common stock into which the shares of Preferred Stock held by such holder are convertible.

          When and if declared by the Board of Directors, holders of the Preferred Stock are entitled to receive before, or receive simultaneously, a dividend on each outstanding share of Preferred Stock in an amount at least equal to (i) in the case of a dividend on common stock or series that is convertible into common stock, an amount equal to a dividend payable to the holders of common stock on an as-if converted basis; (ii) in the case of a dividend on any class or series that is not convertible into common stock, at a rate per share determined by (a) dividing the amount of the dividend payable on each share of such class or series of capital stock by the original issue price of such class or series of capital and (b) multiplying such fraction by an amount equal to original issue price for each respective series of Preferred Stock.

          The holders of at least 55% of the outstanding shares of Preferred Stock voting together as a single class and on an as-converted basis (a "supermajority"), at any time on or after the twelfth (12th) anniversary of the Series A-1 original issue date, upon written notice, have the right to require that all of the outstanding shares of Preferred Stock be redeemed by the Company for cash at a per share price equal to the greater of (i) for each series of Preferred Stock, the original issue price for such series of Preferred Stock, plus any dividends declared but unpaid thereon or (ii) 75% of the fair market value of such series of the Preferred Stock. As the Preferred Stock becomes redeemable solely due to the passage of time, and the Company believes there are no events requiring conversion of the Preferred Stock into common stock that currently have a sufficiently high likelihood of occurring prior to the 12th anniversary, the Company concluded that the Preferred Stock is considered probable of becoming redeemable as of January 31, 2018. Therefore, the Company has recorded accretion of the Preferred Stock balance to its redemption value using the effective interest method to the extent that 75% of the fair market value of these series of Preferred Stock exceeds the original issue price of such series. The Company will cease accretion of the Preferred Stock balance to its redemption value if the Preferred Stock is no longer probable of becoming redeemable due to there being a sufficiently high likelihood of an initial public offering requiring a conversion of the Preferred Stock into common stock. During the years ended January 31, 2017 and January 31, 2018, the Company recorded accretion of $17.0 million and $5.9 million, respectively, related to its Preferred Stock. The Company did not record any accretion of the Preferred Stock for the year ended January 31, 2019 because of the increased likelihood of the Company completing an initial public offering requiring conversion of the Preferred Stock into common stock.

          In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the Company, the holders of the Series A-1, B, C, D, D-1, and E Preferred Stock, prior to any distribution to the holders of common stock, are entitled to be paid, on a pari passu basis, a per

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

share liquidation preference in cash in an amount equal to the greater of (a) two (2) times the Series A-1 original issue price, one (1) times the Series B original issue price, one (1) times the Series C original issue price, one and one-quarter (1.25) times the Series D original issue price, one (1) times the Series D-1, and one (1) times the Series E original issue price for the Series A-1, B, C, D, D-1, and E Preferred Stock, respectively, plus in each case any dividends declared but unpaid thereon, and (b) such amount per share as would have been payable had all shares of Series A-1, B, C, D, D-1, or E Preferred Stock, as applicable, been converted into common stock immediately prior to such liquidation, dissolution, or winding up.

          Preferred shares are automatically convertible upon an initial public offering of common stock of the Company which places a pre-money valuation immediately prior to the initial public offering of the Company of at least $400 million and resulting in net proceeds to the Company of at least $75 million ("qualified IPO") or upon a vote of a supermajority of the outstanding shares of Preferred Stock; provided, that in the case of a qualified IPO, the Series C Preferred Stock shall not be subject to automatic conversion unless the price per share of the securities sold to the public is equal to or greater than one (1) times the Series C original issue price without the consent of the holders of a majority of the outstanding Series C Preferred Stock, the Series D Preferred Stock shall not be subject to automatic conversion unless the price per share of the securities sold to the public is equal to or greater than one and one-quarter (1.25) times the Series D original issue price without the consent of the holders of 55% of the outstanding Series D Preferred Stock (including each Accel Partners entity that holds Series D Preferred Stock), the Series D-1 Preferred Stock shall not be subject to automatic conversion unless the price per share of the securities sold to the public is equal to or greater than one (1) times the Series D-1 original issue price without the consent of the holders of 55% of the outstanding Series D-1 Preferred Stock, voting together as a separate class, and the Series E Preferred Stock shall not be subject to automatic conversion unless the price per share of the securities sold to the public is equal to or greater than one (1) times the Series E original issue price without the consent of the holders of 55% of the outstanding Series E Preferred Stock, voting together as a separate class.

          Each share of Preferred Stock is convertible, at the option of the holder thereof, at any time and from time to time, and without the payment of additional consideration by the holder thereof, into such number of fully paid and nonassessable shares of common stock as is determined by dividing the Series A-1 original issue price, Series B original issue price, Series C original issue price, Series D original issue price, Series D-1 original issue price, or Series E original issue price, as applicable, by the Series A-1 conversion price, Series B conversion price, Series C conversion price, Series D conversion price, Series D-1 conversion price, or Series E conversion price, as applicable, in effect at the time of conversion. The Series A-1 conversion price shall initially be equal to $0.50. The Series B conversion price shall initially be equal to $1.41. The Series C conversion price shall initially by equal to $4.53. The Series D conversion price shall initially by equal to $5.69. The Series D-1 conversion price shall initially be equal to $5.69. The Series E conversion price shall initially be equal to $16.46. The conversion price for Series A-1 Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series D-1 Preferred Stock, and Series E Preferred Stock adjusts upon the issuance of additional shares of common stock in the event the Company, at any time after the Series E original issue date, issues additional shares of common stock without consideration or for a consideration per share less than (i) the Series A-1 conversion price in effect immediately prior to such issuance, (ii) the Series B conversion price in effect immediately prior to such issuance, (iii) the Series C conversion price in

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

effect immediately prior to such issuance, (iv) the Series D conversion price in effect immediately prior to such issuance, (v) the Series D-1 conversion price in effect immediately prior to such issuance, or (vi) the Series E conversion price in effect immediately prior to such issuance. All shares will convert into common stock on a one-for-one basis. The conversion price of each series of preferred stock is subject to adjustment should the Company later issue any preferred shares of any preferred series at a price less than the conversion price in effect immediately prior to such issuance.

          In January 2015, as part of the Loan and Security Agreement discussed in Note 6, Loans Payable, the Company issued the lender a fully vested warrant to purchase up to 170,818 shares of Series B Preferred Stock at an exercise price of $1.405 per share. The fair value of the warrant upon issuance, determined by using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, was $0.2 million at the issuance date. The warrant's fair value was $2.5 million as of January 31, 2019 using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: expected volatility of 38.1%, expected risk-free rate of 2.5%, a term of 6.0 years, and zero expected dividends. The warrant's fair value was $0.5 million as of January 31, 2018 using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: expected volatility of 40.3%, expected risk-free rate of 2.7%, a term of 7.0 years, and zero expected dividends.

          In December 2016, as part of the Growth Loan and Security Agreement discussed in Note 6, Loans Payable, the Company issued the lender a fully vested warrant to purchase up to 99,343 shares of Series C Preferred Stock at an exercise price of $4.53 per share. The fair value of the warrant, determined by using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, was $0.3 million at the issuance date. The warrant's fair value was $1.2 million as of January 31, 2019 using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: expected volatility of 38.1%, expected risk-free rate of 2.4%, a term of 4.9 years, and zero expected dividends. The warrant's fair value was $0.2 million as of January 31, 2018 using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: expected volatility of 40.3%, expected risk-free rate of 2.6%, a term of 5.9 years, and zero expected dividends.

          In March 2017, as part of the Loan and Security Agreement discussed in Note 6, Loans Payable, the Company issued the lender a fully vested warrant to purchase up to 66,225 shares of Series C Preferred Stock at an exercise price of $4.53 per share. The fair value of the warrant, determined by using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, was $0.1 million at the issuance date. The warrant's fair value was $0.8 million as of January 31, 2019 using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: expected volatility of 38.1%, expected risk-free rate of 2.6%, a term of 8.1 years, and zero expected dividends. The warrant's fair value was $0.2 million as of January 31, 2018 using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model that assumed expected volatility of 40.3%, expected risk-free rate of 2.7%, a term of 9.1 years, and zero expected dividends.

9. Common Stock

          The Company's authorized capital consists of 190,000,000 and 220,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0005 per share, as of January 31, 2018 and January 31, 2019, respectively. The Company has also issued incentive stock options (see Note 10, Stock-Based Compensation) that are exercisable into the Company's common stock.

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

          The Company has reserved shares of common stock for future issuance as follows:

 
  January 31,  
 
  2018   2019  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Conversion of Series A-1 redeemable convertible preferred stock

    52,300     52,300  

Conversion of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock

    21,352     21,352  

Conversion of Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock

    22,077     22,077  

Conversion of Series D redeemable convertible preferred stock

    17,570     17,570  

Conversion of Series D-1 redeemable convertible preferred stock

    5,394     5,394  

Conversion of Series E redeemable convertible preferred stock

        12,575  

Exercise and conversion of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants

    171     171  

Exercise and conversion of Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants

    165     165  

Stock options issued and outstanding

    23,194     26,535  

RSUs issued and outstanding

        4,059  

Remaining shares available for future issuance under the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan

    807     1,540  

Total shares of common stock reserved

    143,030     163,738  

          On May 11, 2017, the Company changed the par value of its common stock and preferred stock from $0.001 to $0.0005, which has been retroactively adjusted. The decrease in par value was recorded as a decrease in common stock with a corresponding increase in additional paid-in capital.

10. Stock-Based Compensation

          Effective November 18, 2011, the Company established the CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc. 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (the "Stock Incentive Plan"). The Stock Incentive Plan provides for the grant of incentive and nonqualified stock options and restricted stock awards ("RSAs") to qualified employees, officers, nonemployee directors, and consultants of the Company. The maximum number of shares of common stock, which may be issued pursuant to the Plan, was 68,174,148 and 79,498,016 as of January 31, 2018 and January 31, 2019, respectively.

          The Stock Incentive Plan is administered by the Board of Directors, which determines the terms of the options granted, including the exercise price, stock price, the number of shares subject to options, and the option vesting period. Options generally have a maximum term of ten years and generally have a vesting period of four years with 25% of the award vesting one year from the vesting commencement date and the remainder vesting ratably over the following 36 months. Additionally, the Stock Incentive Plan allows the Company, at its discretion, to repurchase exercised options of any employee no longer with the Company, employed with the Company for less than 30 months and terminated with cause, at the original exercise price (or in the case of a participant who was not an employee, the date on which such participant is no longer acting as a director or officer of, or consultant or advisor to, the Company or any of its subsidiaries). The Company's repurchase right was changed from 30 months to 60 months as part of the Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan, effective August 16, 2016. No shares were repurchased during the years ended January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018, or January 31, 2019.

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

          The Company records compensation expense for employee stock options based on the estimated fair value of the options on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the assumptions included in the table below. The expected term represents the period that the Company's share-based awards are expected to be outstanding. The expected term assumptions were determined based on the vesting terms, exercise terms, and contractual lives of the options. The expected stock price volatility is based upon comparable public company data. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for the estimated option life.

          The fair value of each option was estimated on the date of grant using the following assumptions during the period:

 
  Year Ended January 31,  
 
  2017   2018   2019  

Expected term (in years)

    6.05     6.05     6.05 - 7.52  

Risk-free interest rate

    1.1%  - 1.5 %   1.9%  - 2.2 %   2.6%  - 3.1 %

Expected stock price volatility

    41.7% - 42.8 %   40.3% - 41.4 %   37.8% - 38.9 %

Dividend yield

    %   %   %

          The following table is a summary of common stock option activity for the years ended January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018, and January 31, 2019:

 
  Number of
Shares
  Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price
Per Share
 

Options outstanding at February 1, 2016

  15,105   $ 0.68  

Granted

  8,104   $ 1.69  

Exercised

  (1,855)   $ 0.41  

Canceled

  (2,007)   $ 0.98  

Options outstanding at January 31, 2017

  19,347   $ 1.10  

Granted

  9,691   $ 2.14  

Exercised

  (3,733)   $ 1.00  

Canceled

  (2,111)   $ 1.57  

Options outstanding at January 31, 2018

  23,194   $ 1.51  

Granted

  8,233   $ 9.24  

Exercised

  (3,084)   $ 1.26  

Canceled

  (1,808)   $ 2.51  

Options outstanding at January 31, 2019

  26,535   $ 3.87  

Options vested and expected to vest at January 31, 2019

  26,535   $ 3.87  

Options exercisable at January 31, 2019

  14,782   $ 2.40  

          Options exercisable include 2,433,368 options that were unvested as of January 31, 2019.

          The aggregate intrinsic value of options vested and exercisable was $9.8 million, $17.9 million, and $181.1 million as of January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018, and January 31, 2019, respectively.

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The weighted-average remaining contractual term of options vested and exercisable was 7.0 years, 6.6 years, and 7.1 years as of January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018, and January 31, 2019, respectively.

          The weighted-average grant date fair values of all options granted was $0.71, $0.90, and $5.70 per share during the years ended January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018, and January 31, 2019, respectively. The total intrinsic value of all options exercised was $2.4 million, $4.0 million, and $26.9 million during the years ended January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018, and January 31, 2019, respectively. The total fair value of all options vested was $1.7 million, $3.2 million, and $7.1 million during the years ended January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018, and January 31, 2019, respectively.

          The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options outstanding as of January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018, and January 31, 2019 was $12.8 million, $26.1 million, and $286.1 million, respectively, which represents the excess of the fair value of the Company's common stock over the exercise price of the options multiplied by the number of options outstanding. The weighted-average remaining contractual term of stock options outstanding is 8.2 years, 8.0 years, and 7.9 years as of January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018, and January 31, 2019, respectively.

          Total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested options was $9.9 million as of January 31, 2018. This expense is expected to be amortized on a straight-line basis over a weighted-average vesting period of 3.0 years. Total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested options was $45.8 million as of January 31, 2019. This expense is expected to be amortized on a straight-line basis over a weighted-average vesting period of 3.4 years.

          The 2011 Stock Plan allows for the early exercise of stock options for certain individuals as determined by the Board of Directors. The consideration received for an early exercise of an option is a deposit of the exercise price and the related dollar amount is recorded as a liability for early exercise of unvested stock options in the consolidated balance sheets. This liability is reclassified to additional paid-in capital as the awards vest. If a stock option is early exercised, the unvested shares may be repurchased by the Company in case of employment termination or for any reason, including death and disability, at the price paid by the purchaser for such shares. During the year ended January 31, 2018, the Company issued 1,370,000 shares of common stock for total proceeds of $2.3 million related to early exercised stock options. As of January 31, 2018, the number of shares of common stock related to early exercised stock options subject to repurchase was 872,086 shares for $1.7 million. During the year ended January 31, 2019, the Company issued 37,605 shares of common stock for total proceeds of $74,000 related to early exercised stock options. As of January 31, 2019, the number of shares of common stock related to early exercised stock options subject to repurchase was 545,941 shares for $1.2 million. Common stock purchased pursuant to an early exercise of stock options is not deemed to be outstanding for accounting purposes until those shares vest. The Company includes unvested shares subject to repurchase in the number of shares outstanding on the statement of redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders' deficit.

          In February 2016, the Company extended a secured promissory note (the "Note") to an officer for the exercise of stock options. The Note includes a market interest rate and was documented

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

with an agreement that includes repayment provisions. The outstanding principal balance, together with all accrued and unpaid interest, are due in one lump sum payment on the due date, which is defined as the earliest to occur of the following: (i) twenty-four (24) months from the date of issuance; (ii) borrower's termination as an employee; (iii) a bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding instituted by or against a borrower; (iv) consummation of a change in control; or (v) initial filing of a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The loan was made pursuant to a recourse promissory note. This note receivable was $0.2 million as of January 31, 2018. The note was paid in full in February 2018.

          In March 2017, the Company extended a secured promissory note (the "Note") to an officer for the exercise of stock options. The Note includes a market interest rate and was documented with an agreement that includes repayment provisions. The outstanding principal balance, together with all accrued and unpaid interest, were due in one lump sum payment on the due date, which is defined as the earliest to occur of the following: (i) twenty-four (24) months from the date of issuance; (ii) borrower's termination as an employee; (iii) a bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding instituted by or against a borrower; (iv) consummation of a change in control; or (v) initial filing of a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The loan was made pursuant to a recourse promissory note. This note receivable was $0.4 million. The note was paid in full in April 2017.

          In October 2017, the Company facilitated a secondary stock sale of its common stock. Under the terms of the sale, certain Series D-1 Preferred Stock investors and certain other new investors purchased 3.3 million shares of common stock from certain eligible employees for prices ranging from $5.12 to $5.69 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $17.5 million. The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $8.8 million in connection with the sale, which represented the difference between the purchase price and the fair value of the common stock on the date of the sale.

          In October 2018, the Company facilitated a tender offer of its common stock. Under the terms of the offer, certain existing Series E Preferred Stock investors purchased an aggregate of 2.4 million shares of common stock from certain eligible employees and directors for $15.64 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $37.6 million. The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $10.8 million in connection with the tender offer, which represented the difference between the purchase price and the fair value of the common stock on the date of the sale.

          Restricted stock awards ("RSAs") vest ratably over 36 months.

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

          The following table is a summary of RSA activity for the year ended January 31, 2019:

 
  Number of
Shares
  Weighted-Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Per Share
 

RSAs outstanding at February 1, 2018

    $  

Granted

  36   $ 11.13  

Forfeited

  (36)   $ 11.13  

RSAs outstanding at January 31, 2019

    $  

RSAs expected to vest at January 31, 2019

    $  

          During the year ended January 31, 2019, the Company issued RSUs to certain employees. These RSUs include a service-based vesting condition and a performance-based vesting condition. The service-based vesting condition is generally satisfied based on one of three vesting schedules: (i) vesting of one-fourth of the RSUs on the first "Company vest date" (defined as March 20, June 20, September 20, or December 20) on or following the one-year anniversary of the vesting commencement date and the remainder of the RSUs vest quarterly thereafter over the next 36 months, subject to continued service, (ii) sixteen equal quarterly installments beginning on December 20, 2018, subject to continued service, or (iii) vesting of RSUs through eight equal quarterly installments beginning on December 20, 2022, subject to continued service. The performance-based vesting condition is satisfied on the earlier of (i) a change in control, in which the consideration paid to holders of shares is either cash, publicly traded securities, or a combination thereof, or (ii) the first Company vest date to occur following the expiration of the lock-up period upon an IPO, subject to continued service through such change in control or lock-up expiration, as applicable. None of the RSUs vest unless the performance-based vesting condition is satisfied. The performance-based vesting condition is not deemed probable of occurring as of January 31, 2019, thus no stock-based compensation has been recognized. In the quarter in which the performance-based vesting condition becomes probable, the Company will begin recording stock-based compensation expense using the accelerated attribution method based on the grant date fair value of the RSUs.

          Had the performance-based vesting condition been probable as of January 31, 2019, the Company would have recognized $10.4 million of stock-based compensation expense during the year ended January 31, 2019 for all RSUs with a performance-based vesting condition that had satisfied the applicable service-based vesting condition on that date.

          The following table is a summary of RSU activity for the year ended January 31, 2019:

 
  Number of
Shares
  Weighted-Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Per Share
 

RSUs outstanding at February 1, 2018

    $  

Granted

  4,064   $ 12.66  

Forfeited

  (5)   $ 12.48  

RSUs outstanding at January 31, 2019

  4,059   $ 12.66  

RSUs expected to vest at January 31, 2019

  4,059   $ 12.66  

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

          Stock-based compensation expense included in the consolidated statements of operations is as follows:

 
  Year Ended January 31,  
 
  2017   2018   2019  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Cost of revenue

  $ 91   $ 341   $ 894  

Sales and marketing

    638     1,386     5,175  

Research and development

    561     3,429     7,815  

General and administrative

    704     7,187     6,621  

Total stock-based compensation expense

  $ 1,994   $ 12,343   $ 20,505  

11. Employee Benefit Plan

          The Company's United States employees participate in a contributory 401(k) plan sponsored by the Company entitled the CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc. 401(k) Plan (the "Plan"). The Plan is available to all employees over 18 years of age. Employees are eligible to participate in the Plan at date of hire and may elect to contribute from 0% to 70% of their base salary limited to the amount allowed by tax laws. There were no matching contributions by the Company during the years ended January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018, or January 31, 2019.

12. Commitments and Contingencies

          The Company leases its office space under various non-cancelable operating lease agreements. Leases expire at various dates through fiscal year 2027. The aggregate future minimum payments under noncancelable operating leases as of January 31, 2019 are as follows:

 
  Operating
Leases
 
 
  (in thousands)
 

2020

  $ 5,661  

2021

    5,313  

2022

    5,067  

2023

    4,184  

2024

    3,061  

Thereafter

    1,667  

Total minimum lease payments

  $ 24,953  

          Rent expense was $1.9 million, $4.6 million, and $6.9 million during the years ended January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018, and January 31, 2019, respectively.

          The Company enters into long-term non-cancelable agreements with providers to purchase data center capacity, such as bandwidth and colocation space, for the Company's cloud platform. The Company is committed to spend $180.8 million on such agreements through February 2023.

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Bandwidth and colocation costs are recorded to cost of revenue in the consolidated statements of operations. These obligations are included in purchase obligations below.

          In the normal course of business, the Company enters into non-cancelable purchase commitments with various parties to purchase products and services such as technology, equipment, office renovations, corporate events, and consulting services. A summary of noncancelable purchase obligations as of January 31, 2019 with expected date of payment is as follows:

 
  Total
Commitments
 

2020

  $ 67,159  

2021

    71,286  

2022

    46,357  

2023

    7,776  

2024

    6,775  

Thereafter

    617  

Total purchase commitments

  $ 199,970  

          As of January 31, 2018, the Company had an unused standby letter of credit for $0.5 million securing its headquarters facility in Sunnyvale, California. As of January 31, 2019, the Company had unused standby letters of credit totaling $1.3 million securing its headquarters facility in Sunnyvale, California and its facility in Austin, Texas.

          The Company is currently involved in proceedings before the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (the "USPTO") regarding its U.S. trademark registrations for ``CrowdStrike Falcon" and its U.S. application to register its ``Falcon OverWatch" trademark. On November 23, 2016, Fair Isaac Corporation ("FICO") filed a Petition for Cancellation of the Company's ``CrowdStrike Falcon" trademark registrations and a Notice of Opposition against the Company's ``Falcon OverWatch" trademark application before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Trademark Trial and Appeal Board ("TTAB"). On January 3, 2017, the Company filed answers to both the cancellation and opposition proceedings, and the proceedings thereafter were consolidated. On November 21, 2018, the Company filed a Petition for Partial Cancellation or Amendment of one of FICO's ``Falcon" trademark registrations, and on December 10, 2018, the parties filed a joint request to consolidate the proceedings and adjust the schedule. FICO moved to dismiss the Company's petition on January 16, 2019, and the TTAB issued a standard order suspending the proceeding pending disposition of the motion to dismiss. On January 28, 2019, the parties jointly requested a suspension of the pre-trial and trial schedule in the consolidated proceedings filed by FICO pending resolution of FICO's motion to dismiss and the parties' request to consolidate the proceedings, and the TTAB granted that request on March 28, 2019. The Company is vigorously defending the case, but given the early stage, although a loss may reasonably be possible, the Company is unable to predict the likelihood of success of Fair Issac's claims or estimate a loss or range of loss. As a result, no liability has been recorded as of January 31, 2018 or January 31, 2019.

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

          In addition, from time to time the Company is a party to various litigation matters and subject to claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. In addition, third parties may from time to time assert claims against the Company in the form of letters and other communications. For any claims for which the Company believes a liability is both probable and reasonably estimable, the Company records a liability in the period for which it makes this determination. There is no pending or threatened legal proceeding to which the Company is a party that, in the Company's opinion, is likely to have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial statements; however, the results of litigation and claims are inherently unpredictable. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on the Company's business because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources, and other factors. In addition, the expense of litigation and the timing of this expense from period to period are difficult to estimate, subject to change and could adversely affect the Company's results of operations.

          The Company's cloud computing services are typically warranted to perform in a manner consistent with general industry standards that are reasonably applicable and materially in accordance with the Company's online help documentation under normal use and circumstances.

          The Company's arrangements generally include certain provisions for indemnifying customers against liabilities if its products or services infringe a third party's intellectual property rights. In addition, for its Falcon Complete module customers, the Company offers a limited warranty, subject to certain conditions, to cover certain costs incurred by the customer in case of a cybersecurity breach. The Company has entered into an insurance policy to cover its potential liability arising from this limited warranty arrangement. To date, the Company has not incurred any material costs because of such obligations and has not accrued any liabilities related to such obligations in the consolidated financial statements.

          The Company has also agreed to indemnify its directors and executive officers for costs associated with any fees, expenses, judgments, fines and settlement amounts incurred by any of these persons in any action or proceeding to which any of those persons is, or is threatened to be, made a party by reason of the person's service as a director or officer, including any action by the Company, arising out of that person's services as the Company's director or officer or that person's services provided to any other company or enterprise at the Company's request. The Company maintains director and officer insurance coverage that would generally enable the Company to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. The Company may also be subject to indemnification obligations by law with respect to the actions of its employees under certain circumstances and in certain jurisdictions. No liabilities have been accrued associated with this indemnification provision as of January 31, 2018 or January 31, 2019.

13. Geographic Information

          The Company sells its products and services in the United States and internationally. The Company considers all billings to customers located outside the United States, including foreign subsidiaries of customers that have headquarters in the United States, to be international

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

customers. The breakdown of total revenue between United States and international customers is as follows:

 
  Year Ended January 31,  
 
  2017   2018   2019  
 
  Amount   % Revenue   Amount   % Revenue   Amount   % Revenue  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

United States

  $ 45,981     87 % $ 99,209     84 % $ 192,057     77 %

International

    6,764     13 %   19,543     16 %   57,767     23 %

Total revenue

  $ 52,745     100 % $ 118,752     100 % $ 249,824     100 %

          No single country other than the United States represented 10% or more of the Company's total revenue during the years ended January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018, and January 31, 2019.

          The Company's long-lived assets are composed of property and equipment, net, and are summarized by geographic area as follows:

 
  January 31,  
 
  2018   2019  
 
  (in thousands)
 

United States

  $ 39,333   $ 70,699  

International

    1,421     3,036  

Total property and equipment, net

  $ 40,754   $ 73,735  

14. Related Party Transactions

          During the years ended January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018, and January 31, 2019, certain investors and companies with whom the Company's Board of Directors are affiliated with, purchased subscriptions and professional services. The Company recorded revenue from subscriptions and professional services from related parties of $1.1 million, $2.5 million, and $6.6 million during the years ended January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018, and January 31, 2019, respectively. Accounts receivable associated with these related parties was $2.3 million and $0.2 million as of January 31, 2018 and January 31, 2019, respectively.

          During the years ended January 31, 2017, January 31, 2018, and January 31, 2019, the Company purchased goods and services totaling $0.3 million, $1.1 million, and $2.2 million, respectively, from certain investors and companies with whom its Board of Directors are affiliated with. Accounts payable to such vendors was $0.5 million and less than $0.1 million as of January 31, 2018 and January 31, 2019, respectively.

          In September 2018, the Company entered into an agreement under which a related party has agreed to provide a minimum of $8.8 million of services over the following 66 months.

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

          In November 2015, the Company extended full recourse secured promissory notes (the "Notes") to its founders. These notes were not used for the purpose of exercising options. The Notes include market interest rates and were documented with agreements that include repayment provisions. The outstanding principal balance, together with all accrued and unpaid interest, are due in one lump sum payment on the due date, which is defined as the earliest to occur of the following: (i) thirty-six (36) months from the date of issuance; (ii) the borrower's termination as an employee; (iii) a bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding instituted by or against a borrower; (iv) consummation of a change in control; or (v) initial filing of a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission. These notes receivable from related parties were paid in full as of January 31, 2018.

15. Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

          The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:

 
  Year Ended January 31,  
 
  2017   2018   2019  
 
  (in thousands, except per share data)
 

Net loss

  $ (91,340 ) $ (135,490 ) $ (140,077 )

Accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock

    (17,012 )   (5,853 )    

Net loss attributable to common stockholders

  $ (108,352 ) $ (141,343 ) $ (140,077 )

Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share atttributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted

    39,706     41,876     44,863  

Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted

  $ (2.73 ) $ (3.38 ) $ (3.12 )

          Since the Company was in a net loss position for all periods presented, basic net loss per share is the same as diluted net loss per share as the inclusion of all potential common shares outstanding would have been antidilutive. The potential shares of common stock that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods presented because including them would have been antidilutive are as follows:

 
  Year Ended January 31,  
 
  2017   2018   2019  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock

    95,729     118,693     131,268  

Shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants

    270     336     336  

Shares of common stock subject to repurchase from outstanding stock options

    1     872     546  

Shares of common stock issuable from stock options

    19,347     23,194     26,535  

Potential common shares excluded from diluted net loss per share

    115,347     143,095     158,685  

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

          The table above does not include 4,059,407 RSUs outstanding as of January 31, 2019, as these RSUs are subject to a performance-based vesting condition that was not considered probable as of that date. No RSUs were outstanding as of January 31, 2017 or January 31, 2018.

          The following table sets forth the computation of unaudited pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share:

 
  Year Ended
January 31,
2019
 
 
  (in thousands,
except per
share data)

 

Numerator:

       

Net loss attributable to common stockholders

  $ (140,077 )

Change in fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants

    3,576  

Net loss

  $ (136,501 )

Denominator:

   
 
 

Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted

    44,863  

Pro forma weighted adjustment to reflect assumed conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock

    126,339  

Weighted-average shares used in computing pro forma net loss per share, basic and diluted

    171,202  

Pro forma net loss per share, basic and diluted

  $ (0.80 )

16. Subsequent Events

          The Company has evaluated events subsequent through April 17, 2019, the date these consolidated financial statements were available to be issued.

          From February 1, 2019 through April 17, 2019, the Company granted stock options to purchase an aggregate of 879,758 shares of common stock with a weighted-average exercise price of $14.65 per share and a weighted-average exercise requisite service period of four years.

          From February 1, 2019 through April 17, 2019, the Company granted 853,188 restricted stock units. In addition to a service-based vesting condition, these RSUs also include a performance-based vesting condition whereby a portion of the award will vest upon (i) a change in control, in which the consideration paid to holders of shares is either cash, publicly traded securities, or a combination thereof, or (ii) the first vesting date (defined as March 20, June 20, September 20, or December 20) to occur following the expiration of the lock-up period upon an IPO, subject to continued service through such change in control or lock-up expiration, as applicable. None of the RSUs vest unless the performance-based vesting condition is satisfied. The Company will record stock-based compensation expense related to these RSUs beginning in the period when its IPO is completed for the portion of the awards for which the relevant service-based vesting condition has been satisfied with the remaining expense recognized over the remaining requisite service period.

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

          In April 2019, the Company amended its agreement with a data center provider and committed to pay an additional $40.0 million to this provider through November 2022.

17. Events Subsequent to Original Issuance of Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

          The Company has evaluated subsequent events after April 17, 2019 through May 29, 2019, the date the consolidated financial statements were available for reissuance.

          In April 2019, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement with Silicon Valley Bank and other lenders, to provide a revolving line of credit of up to $150.0 million, including a letter of credit sub-facility in the aggregate amount of $10.0 million, and a swingline sub-facility in the aggregate amount of $10.0 million. The Company also has the option to request an incremental facility of up to an additional $75.0 million from one or more of the lenders under the Credit Agreement. The amount the Company may borrow under the Credit Agreement may not exceed the lesser of $150.0 million or the Company's ordinary course recurring subscription revenue for the most recent month, as determined under the Credit Agreement, multiplied by a number that is (i) 6, for the first year after entry into the Credit Agreement; (ii) 5, for the second year after entry into the Credit Agreement; and (iii) 4, thereafter. The Credit Agreement will terminate on April 19, 2022.

          The Credit Agreement is collateralized by substantially all of the Company's current and future property, rights, and assets, including, but not limited to, intellectual property, cash, goods, equipment, contractual rights, financial assets, and intangible assets of the Company and its subsidiaries. The Credit Agreement contains covenants limiting the ability to, among other things, dispose of assets, undergo a change in control, merge or consolidate, make acquisitions, incur debt, incur liens, pay dividends, repurchase stock, and make investments, in each case subject to certain exceptions. The Credit Agreement also contains financial covenants requiring the Company to maintain the year-over-year growth rate of its ordinary course recurring subscription revenue above specified rates and to maintain minimum liquidity at specified levels.

          No amounts have been drawn under the Credit Agreement as of May 29, 2019.

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PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

ITEM 13.    OTHER EXPENSES OF ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION.

          The following table sets forth all expenses to be paid by the Registrant, other than underwriting discounts and commissions, upon the completion of this offering. All amounts shown are estimates except for the SEC registration fee, the FINRA filing fee and the exchange listing fee.

 
  Amount
to be Paid
 

SEC registration fee

  $ 57,703  

FINRA filing fee

    71,915  

Exchange listing fee

    25,000  

Printing and engraving expenses

    395,000  

Legal fees and expenses

    2,792,000  

Accounting fees and expenses

    1,800,000  

Transfer agent and registrar fees

    24,000  

Miscellaneous expenses

    834,382  

Total

  $ 6,000,000  

ITEM 14.    INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS.

          Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law provides that a corporation may indemnify directors and officers as well as other employees and individuals against expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines, and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with any threatened, pending, or completed actions, suits, or proceedings in which such person is made a party by reason of such person being or having been a director, officer, employee, or agent to the registrant. The Delaware General Corporation Law provides that Section 145 is not exclusive of other rights to which those seeking indemnification may be entitled under any bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise. Article 8 of the registrant's amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides for indemnification by the registrant of its directors, officers, and employees to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law. The registrant has entered into indemnification agreements with each of its current directors and executive officers to provide these directors and executive officers additional contractual assurances regarding the scope of the indemnification set forth in the registrant's amended and restated certificate of incorporation and to provide additional procedural protections. There is no pending litigation or proceeding involving a director or executive officer of the registrant for which indemnification is sought.

          Section 102(b)(7) of the Delaware General Corporation Law permits a corporation to provide in its certificate of incorporation that a director of the corporation shall not be personally liable to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except for liability (i) for any breach of the director's duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) for unlawful payments of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases, redemptions, or other distributions, or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit. The registrant's amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides for such limitation of liability.

          The registrant maintains standard policies of insurance under which coverage is provided (a) to its directors and officers against loss rising from claims made by reason of breach of duty or

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other wrongful act, and (b) to the registrant with respect to payments that may be made by the registrant to such officers and directors pursuant to the above indemnification provision or otherwise as a matter of law.

          The proposed form of underwriting agreement filed as Exhibit 1.1 to this registration statement provides for indemnification of directors and officers of the registrant by the underwriters against certain liabilities.

ITEM 15.    RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES.

          Since January 31, 2016, the Registrant issued the following unregistered securities:

          In May 2017, we sold an aggregate of 17,569,969 shares of our Series D convertible preferred stock at a purchase price of $5.69 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $100.0 million.

          In October 2017, we sold an aggregate of 5,393,976 shares of our Series D-1 convertible preferred stock at a purchase price of $5.69 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $30.7 million.

          From June 2018 to September 2018, we sold an aggregate of 8,797,811 shares of our Series E convertible preferred stock and 3,777,086 shares of our Series E-1 convertible preferred stock at a purchase price of $16.46 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $207.0 million.

          In December 2016, we issued a warrant to purchase an aggregate of 99,343 shares of our Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock at an exercise price of $4.53 per share.

          In March 2017, we issued a warrant to purchase an aggregate of 66,225 shares of our Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock at an exercise price of $4.53 per share.

          From January 31, 2016 to May 24, 2019, we granted to our directors, officers, employees, consultants, and other service providers under our 2011 Plan:

          None of the foregoing transactions involved any underwriters, underwriting discounts or commissions, or any public offering. We believe the offers, sales and issuances of the above securities were exempt from registration under the Securities Act (or Regulation D or Regulation S promulgated thereunder) by virtue of Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act because the issuance of securities to the recipients did not involve a public offering or in reliance on Rule 701 because the transactions were pursuant to compensatory benefit plans or contracts relating to compensation as provided under such rule. The recipients of the securities in each of these transactions represented their intentions to acquire the securities for investment only and not with a view to or for sale in connection with any distribution thereof, and appropriate legends were placed upon the stock certificates issued in these transactions. All recipients had adequate access, through their relationships with us, to information about us. The sales of these securities were made without any general solicitation or advertising.

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ITEM 16.    EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.

          The Registrant filed the exhibits listed on the accompanying Exhibit Index of this Registration Statement, which is incorporated by reference herein.

          All financial statement schedules are omitted because the information called for is not required or is shown either in the consolidated financial statements or in the notes thereto.

ITEM 17.    UNDERTAKINGS.

          The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the underwriters at the closing specified in the underwriting agreement certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the underwriters to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.

          Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

          The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that:

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit
Number
  Description
  1.1   Form of Underwriting Agreement.
        
  3.1   Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant, as currently in effect.
        
  3.2   Form of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant, to be in effect upon the completion of this offering.
        
  3.3 # Bylaws of the Registrant, as currently in effect.
        
  3.4   Form of Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant, to be in effect upon the completion of this offering.
        
  4.1 # Amended and Restated Stockholders Agreement among the Registrant and certain holders of its capital stock, dated as of June 21, 2018, as amended on September 25, 2018 and April 17, 2019.
        
  4.2 # Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement among the Registrant and certain holders of its capital stock, dated as of June 21, 2018.
        
  4.3   Form of Class A common stock certificate of the Registrant.
        
  4.4   Plain English Warrant Agreement between the Registrant and TriplePoint Venture Growth BDC Corp., dated as of December 29, 2016.
        
  4.5 # Warrant to Purchase Stock between the Registrant and Silicon Valley Bank, dated as of January 21, 2015.
        
  4.6 # Warrant to Purchase Stock between the Registrant and Silicon Valley Bank, dated as of March 1, 2017.
        
  5.1   Opinion of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP
        
  10.1 +# Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Registrant and each of its directors and executive officers.
        
  10.2 + 2019 Equity Incentive Plan and related form agreement.
        
  10.3 + 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and related form agreements.
        
  10.4 +# Amended and Restated 2011 Stock Incentive Plan and related form agreements.
        
  10.5 + Outside Director Compensation Plan.
        
  10.6 +# Employment Agreement between the Registrant and George Kurtz, dated as of November 18, 2011.
        
  10.7 +# Offer Letter between the Registrant and Colin Black, dated as of October 3, 2015.
        
  10.8 +# Offer Letter between the Registrant and Burt W. Podbere, dated as of August 10, 2015.
        
  10.9 +# Offer Letter between the Registrant and Roxanne S. Austin dated as of September 10, 2018.
        
  10.10 +# Offer Letter between the Registrant and Godfrey R. Sullivan, undated.
        
  10.11 +# George Kurtz Fiscal 2019 Bonus Plan.
        

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Exhibit
Number
  Description
  10.12 # Office Lease between CrowdStrike, Inc. and SPF Mathilda, LLC, dated as of April 4, 2017, as amended on September 18, 2017, October 27, 2017 and November 5, 2018.
        
  10.13 # Sublease by and between CrowdStrike, Inc. and Knowles Electronics, LLC, dated December 17, 2015.
        
  10.14 # Sublease by and between CrowdStrike, Inc. and LANDesk Software Inc., dated November 1, 2016.
        
  10.15 # Credit Agreement, dated as of April 19, 2019, by and among the Registrant, CrowdStrike, Inc., CrowdStrike Services, Inc., the Lenders party thereto, and Silicon Valley Bank.
        
  21.1   List of subsidiaries of the Registrant.
        
  23.1   Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
        
  23.2   Consent of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1).
        
  24.1 # Power of Attorney.

#
Previously filed.

+
Indicates management contract or compensatory plan.

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SIGNATURES

          Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant has duly caused this amendment to the registration statement on Form S-1 to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Sunnyvale, California, on the 29th day of May, 2019.

    CROWDSTRIKE HOLDINGS, INC.

 

 

By:

 

/s/ GEORGE KURTZ

George Kurtz
President and Chief Executive Officer

          Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this amendment to the registration statement on Form S-1 has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature
 
Title
 
Date

 

 

 

 

 
/s/ GEORGE KURTZ

George Kurtz
  President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)   May 29, 2019

/s/ BURT W. PODBERE

Burt W. Podbere

 

Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

 

May 29, 2019

*

Roxanne S. Austin

 

Director

 

May 29, 2019

*

Cary J. Davis

 

Director

 

May 29, 2019

*

Sameer K. Gandhi

 

Director

 

May 29, 2019

*

Joseph P. Landy

 

Director

 

May 29, 2019

*

Denis J. O'Leary

 

Director

 

May 29, 2019

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Signature
 
Title
 
Date

 

 

 

 

 
*

Joseph E. Sexton
  Director   May 29, 2019

*

Godfrey R. Sullivan

 

Director

 

May 29, 2019

*

Gerhard Watzinger

 

Chairman of the Board of Directors

 

May 29, 2019
*By:   /s/ GEORGE KURTZ

George Kurtz
Attorney-in-Fact
      May 29, 2019

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Exhibit 1.1

 

CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.

 

Class A Common Stock

 

Underwriting Agreement

 

 

                                 , 2019

 

Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC

As representative (the “Representative”) of the several Underwriters

named in Schedule I hereto,

200 West Street

New York, New York 10282-2198

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), proposes, subject to the terms and conditions stated in this agreement (this “Agreement”), to issue and sell to the Underwriters named in Schedule I hereto (the “Underwriters”) an aggregate of [·] shares (the “Firm Shares”) and, at the election of the Underwriters, up to [·] additional shares (the “Optional Shares”) of Class A Common Stock (“Stock”) of the Company (the Firm Shares and the Optional Shares that the Underwriters elect to purchase pursuant to Section 2 hereof being collectively called the “Shares”).

 

The Company and the Underwriters agree that up to [·] of the Firm Shares to be purchased by the Underwriters (the “Reserved Securities”) shall be reserved for sale by Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated (an affiliate of BofA Securities, Inc., an Underwriter, hereinafter referred to as “Merrill Lynch”) to certain persons designated by the Company (the “Invitees”), as part of the distribution of the Shares by the Underwriters, subject to the terms of this Agreement, the applicable rules, regulations and interpretations of FINRA and all other applicable laws, rules and regulations.  The Company solely determined, without any direct or indirect participation by the Underwriters or Merrill Lynch, the Invitees who will purchase Reserved Securities (including the amount to be purchased by such persons) sold by Merrill Lynch.  To the extent that such Reserved Securities are not orally confirmed for purchase by Invitees by 11:59 P.M. (New York City time) on the date of this Agreement, such Reserved Securities may be offered to the public as part of the public offering contemplated hereby.

 

1.  The Company represents and warrants to, and agrees with, each of the Underwriters that:

 

(a)                     A registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-231461) (the “Initial Registration Statement”) in respect of the Shares has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”); the Initial Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, each in the form heretofore delivered to you, have

 


 

been declared effective by the Commission in such form; other than a registration statement, if any, increasing the size of the offering (a “Rule 462(b) Registration Statement”), filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), which became effective upon filing, no other document with respect to the Initial Registration Statement has been filed with the Commission; and no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Initial Registration Statement, any post-effective amendment thereto or the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, if any, has been issued and no proceeding for that purpose has been initiated or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened by the Commission (any preliminary prospectus included in the Initial Registration Statement or filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(a) of the rules and regulations of the Commission under the Act is hereinafter called a “Preliminary Prospectus”; the various parts of the Initial Registration Statement and the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, if any, including all exhibits thereto and including the information contained in the form of final prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Act in accordance with Section 5(a) hereof and deemed by virtue of Rule 430A under the Act to be part of the Initial Registration Statement at the time it was declared effective, each as amended at the time such part of the Initial Registration Statement became effective or such part of the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, if any, became or hereafter becomes effective, are hereinafter collectively called the “Registration Statement”; the Preliminary Prospectus relating to the Shares that was included in the Registration Statement immediately prior to the Applicable Time (as defined in Section 1(c) hereof) is hereinafter called the “Pricing Prospectus”; such final prospectus, in the form first filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Act, is hereinafter called the “Prospectus”; any oral or written communication with potential investors undertaken in reliance on Section 5(d) of the Act is hereinafter called a “Section 5(d) Communication”; any Section 5(d) Communication that is a written communication within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Act is hereinafter called a “Section 5(d) Writing”; and any “issuer free writing prospectus” as defined in Rule 433 under the Act relating to the Shares is hereinafter called an “Issuer Free Writing Prospectus”);

 

(b)                     (A) No order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus has been issued by the Commission, and (B) each Preliminary Prospectus, at the time of filing thereof, conformed in all material respects to the requirements of the Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder, and did not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided, however, that this representation and warranty shall not apply to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with the Underwriter Information (as defined in Section 9(b) of this Agreement);

 

(c)                      For the purposes of this Agreement, the “Applicable Time” is [·] [a/p]m (Eastern time) on the date of this Agreement.  The Pricing Prospectus, as supplemented by the information listed on Schedule II(c) hereto, taken together (collectively, the “Pricing Disclosure Package”), as of the Applicable Time, did not, and as of each Time of Delivery (as defined in Section 4(a) of this Agreement) will not, include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; and each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus and each Section 5(d) Writing does not conflict

 

2


 

with the information contained in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus, and each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus and each Section 5(d) Writing, as supplemented by and taken together with the Pricing Disclosure Package, as of the Applicable Time, did not, and as of each Time of Delivery will not, include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided, however, that this representation and warranty shall not apply to statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with the Underwriter Information;

 

(d)                 The Registration Statement conforms, and the Prospectus and any further amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus will conform, in all material respects to the requirements of the Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder and do not and will not, as of the applicable effective date as to each part of the Registration Statement, as of the applicable filing date as to the Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto, and as of each Time of Delivery, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; provided, however, that this representation and warranty shall not apply to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with the Underwriter Information;

 

(e)                      Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has, since the date of the latest audited financial statements included in the Pricing Prospectus, (i) sustained any material loss or interference with its business from fire, explosion, flood or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any labor dispute or court or governmental action, order or decree or (ii) entered into any transaction or agreement (whether or not in the ordinary course of business) that is material to the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole or incurred any liability or obligation, direct or contingent, that is material to the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole, in each case otherwise than as set forth or contemplated in the Pricing Prospectus; and, since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement and the Pricing Prospectus, there has not been (x) any change in the capital stock (other than as a result of (i) the exercise of stock options or settlement of restricted stock units (including any “net” or “cashless” exercises or settlements), if any, or the award of stock options, restricted stock units or restricted stock in the ordinary course of business pursuant to the Company’s equity plans that are described in the Registration Statement, Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, (ii) the repurchase of shares of capital stock upon termination of a holder’s employment or service with the Company pursuant to agreements providing for an option to repurchase or a right of first refusal on behalf of the Company, in each case pursuant to agreements that are described in the Registration Statement, Pricing Prospectus and Prospectus, (iii) the issuance, if any, of capital stock upon exercise or conversion of Company securities as described in the Registration Statement, Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, or (iv) the issuance by the Company of securities convertible into, exchangeable for or that represent that right to receive shares of common stock on the date of the Pricing Prospectus, in each case as described in the Registration Statement, Pricing Prospectus and Prospectus) or long-term debt of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or (y) any Material Adverse Effect (as defined below); as used in this Agreement, “Material Adverse Effect” shall mean any material adverse change or effect,

 

3


 

or any development involving a prospective material adverse change or effect, in or affecting (i) the business, properties, general affairs, management, financial position, stockholders’ equity or results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, except as set forth or contemplated in the Registration Statement, Pricing Prospectus and Prospectus, or (ii) the ability of the Company to perform its obligations under this Agreement, including the issuance and sale of the Shares, or to consummate the transactions contemplated in the Registration Statement, Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus;

 

(f)                       The Company and its subsidiaries do not own any real property.  The Company and its subsidiaries have good and marketable title to all personal property owned by them (other than with respect to Intellectual Property, title to which is addressed exclusively in subsection (bb)), in each case free and clear of all liens, encumbrances and defects except such as are described in the Registration Statement, Pricing Prospectus and Prospectus or such as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and its subsidiaries; and any real property and buildings held under lease by the Company and its subsidiaries are held by them, to the Company’s knowledge, under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases (subject to the effects of (i) bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws relating to or affecting the rights or remedies of creditors generally; (ii) the application of general principles of equity (including without limitation, concepts of materiality, reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing, regardless of whether enforcement is considered in proceedings at law or in equity); and (iii) applicable law and public policy with respect to rights to indemnity and contribution) with such exceptions as are not material and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property and buildings by the Company and its subsidiaries;

 

(g)                      Each of the Company and each of its subsidiaries has been (i) duly organized and is validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization, with power and authority (corporate and other) to own its properties and conduct its business as described in the Registration Statement, Pricing Prospectus and Prospectus, and (ii) duly qualified as a foreign corporation for the transaction of business and is in good standing under the laws of each other jurisdiction in which it owns or leases properties or conducts any business so as to require such qualification, except, in the case of clause (i) with respect to each subsidiary only and clause (ii) with respect to each of the Company and each of its subsidiaries, where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, and each subsidiary of the Company that is a “significant subsidiary” as defined in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X promulgated under the Act has been listed in the Registration Statement;

 

(h)                     The Company has an authorized capitalization as set forth in the Pricing Prospectus and all of the issued shares of capital stock of the Company have been duly and validly authorized and issued and are fully paid and non-assessable and conform in all material respects to the description thereof contained in the Pricing Disclosure Package and Prospectus; and all of the issued shares of capital stock of each subsidiary of the Company have been duly and validly authorized and issued, are fully paid and non-

 

4


 

assessable and (except, in the case of any foreign subsidiary, for directors’ qualifying shares) are owned directly or indirectly by the Company, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, equities or claims, except for such liens or encumbrances described in the Registration Statement, Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus;

 

(i)                         The Shares have been duly and validly authorized and, when issued and delivered against payment therefor as provided herein, will be duly and validly issued and fully paid and non-assessable and will conform in all material respects to the description of the Stock contained in the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; and the issuance of the Shares is not subject to any preemptive or similar rights, except rights that have been fully complied with or duly and validly waived in writing as of the date of this Agreement;

 

(j)                        The issue and sale of the Shares by the Company and the compliance by the Company with this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated in this Agreement and the Pricing Prospectus will not conflict with or result in a breach or violation of any of the terms or provisions of, or constitute a default under, (A) any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is bound or to which any of the property or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is subject, (B) the certificate of incorporation or by-laws (or other applicable organizational document) of (1) the Company or (2) any of its subsidiaries, or (C) any statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or governmental agency or body having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any of their properties, except, in the case of clauses (A) and (C) for such defaults, breaches, or violations that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and no consent, approval, authorization, order, registration or qualification of or with any such court or governmental agency or body is required for the issue and sale of the Shares or the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, except (X) such as have been obtained under the Act, the approval by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”) of the underwriting terms and arrangements, and such consents, approvals, authorizations, registrations or qualifications as may have been obtained or as may be required under state securities or Blue Sky laws in connection with the purchase and distribution of the Shares by the Underwriters and (Y) such as have been obtained under the laws and regulations of jurisdictions outside the United States in which the Reserved Securities were offered;

 

(k)                     Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is (i) in violation of its certificate of incorporation or by-laws (or other applicable organizational document), (ii) in violation of any statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or governmental agency or body having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any of their properties, or (iii) in default in the performance or observance of any obligation, agreement, covenant or condition contained in any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement, lease or other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties may be bound, except, in the case of the foregoing clauses (ii) and (iii), for such defaults as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect;

 

5


 

(l)                         The statements set forth in the Pricing Prospectus and Prospectus under the caption “Description of Capital Stock”, insofar as they purport to constitute a summary of the terms of the Stock, under the caption “Material U.S. Federal Income and Estate Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders of Our Class A Common Stock”, and under the caption “Underwriting”, insofar as they purport to describe the provisions of the laws and documents referred to therein, are accurate, complete and fair in all material respects;

 

(m)                 Other than as set forth in the Pricing Prospectus, there are no legal or governmental proceedings pending to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries or, to the Company’s knowledge, any officer or director of the Company, is a party or of which any property of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or, to the Company’s knowledge, any officer or director of the Company, is the subject which, if determined adversely to the Company or any of its subsidiaries (or such officer or director), would individually or in the aggregate have a Material Adverse Effect; and, to the Company’s knowledge, no such proceedings are threatened or contemplated by governmental authorities or others;

 

(n)                     The Company is not and, after giving effect to the offering and sale of the Shares and the application of the proceeds thereof, will not be an “investment company”, as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”);

 

(o)                     At the time of filing the Initial Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, at the earliest time thereafter that the Company or any offering participant made a bona fide offer (within the meaning of Rule 164(h)(2) under the Act) of the Shares, and at the date hereof, the Company was not and is not an “ineligible issuer,” as defined in Rule 405 under the Act;

 

(p)                     PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, who have certified certain financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries, is an independent registered public accounting firm as required by the Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder;

 

(q)                     The Company maintains a system of internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) that (i) complies with the requirements of the Exchange Act, (ii) has been designed by the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, or under their supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (it being understood that this subsection shall not require the Company to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 as of an earlier date than it would otherwise be required to so comply under applicable law) and (iii) is sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that (A) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization, (B) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and to maintain accountability for assets, (C) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization and (D) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences; and the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective and the Company is not aware of any material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting;

 

6


 

(r)                                    Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included in the Pricing Prospectus, there has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that has materially and adversely affected, or is reasonably likely to materially and adversely affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting;

 

(s)                                   The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that comply with the requirements of the Exchange Act; such disclosure controls and procedures have been designed to ensure that material information relating to the Company and its subsidiaries is made known to the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer by others within those entities; and such disclosure controls and procedures are effective;

 

(t)                                    This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company;

 

(u) None of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, nor any director or officer thereof, or, to the knowledge of the Company, any agent, employee, affiliate or other person associated with or acting on behalf of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any other person acting at the direction of or compensated directly or indirectly by the Company for acting on behalf of the Company (in each case, whether or not known to such person), has (i) made, offered, promised or authorized any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expense or taken any act in furtherance thereof; (ii) made, offered, promised or authorized any direct or indirect unlawful payment to any foreign or domestic government official or employee (including any officer or employee of a government or government-owned or controlled entity or of a public international organization, or any person acting in an official capacity for or on behalf of any of the foregoing, or any political party or party official or candidate for political office); or (iii) violated or is in violation of any provision of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, the Bribery Act 2010 of the United Kingdom or any other applicable anti-bribery or anti-corruption law;

 

(v) The operations of the Company and its subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with the requirements of applicable anti-money laundering laws, including, but not limited to, the Bank Secrecy Act of 1970, as amended by the USA PATRIOT ACT of 2001, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and the anti-money laundering laws of the various jurisdictions in which the Company and its subsidiaries conduct business (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”) and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened;

 

(w)  None of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, nor, any director or officer thereof, nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any agent, employee or affiliate of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any other person acting at the direction of or compensated directly or indirectly by the Company for acting on behalf of the Company (in each case, whether or not known to such person), is currently the subject or the target of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S.

 

7


 

Government, including, without limitation, the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury (“OFAC”), or the U.S. Department of State, and including, without limitation, the designation as a “specially designated national” or “blocked person,”  the European Union, Her Majesty’s Treasury, or the United Nations Security Council, the Swiss Secretariat of Economic Affairs, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority, the Monetary Authority of Singapore or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively, “Sanctions”), nor is the Company or any of its subsidiaries located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject or target of Sanctions, and the Company will not directly or indirectly use the proceeds of the offering of the Shares hereunder, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other person or entity (i) to fund or facilitate any activities of or business with any person, or in any country or territory, that, at the time of such funding, is the subject or the target of Sanctions or (ii) in any other manner that will result in a violation by any person (including any person participating in the transaction, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise) of Sanctions;

 

(x)   The financial statements included in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, together with the related schedules and notes, present fairly in all material respects the financial position of the Company and its subsidiaries at the dates indicated and the statement of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows of the Company and its subsidiaries for the periods specified; said financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved.  The supporting schedules, if any, present fairly in accordance with GAAP the information required to be stated therein.  The selected financial data and the summary financial information included in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus present fairly in all material respects the information shown therein and have been compiled on a basis consistent with that of the audited financial statements included therein.  Except as included therein, no historical or pro forma financial statements or supporting schedules are required to be included in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus under the Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.  All disclosures contained in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus regarding “non-GAAP financial measures” (as such term is defined by the rules and regulations of the Commission) comply in all material respects with Regulation G of the Exchange Act and Item 10 of Regulation S-K of the Act, to the extent applicable;

 

(y) There are no off-balance sheet arrangements (as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of Regulation S-K of the Act) that may have a material current or future effect on the Company’s financial condition, changes in financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources;

 

(z) Except as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, the Company has not sold, issued or distributed any shares of capital stock during the six-month period preceding the date hereof, including any sales pursuant to Rule 144A under, or Regulation D or S of, the Securities Act, other than shares issued pursuant to employee benefit plans, qualified stock option plans or other employee compensation plans or pursuant to outstanding options, rights or warrants, in each case,

 

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that are disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus.

 

(aa)   Except in all cases where such violation, claim, request, notice, proceeding, investigation or material capital expenditure would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, (A) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is in violation of any applicable statute, law, rule, regulation, ordinance, code, rule of common law or order of or with any governmental agency or body or any court, domestic or foreign, relating to the use, management, disposal or release of hazardous or toxic substances or wastes or relating to pollution or the protection of the environment or human health or relating to exposure to hazardous or toxic substances or wastes (collectively, “Environmental Laws”), (B) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received any written claim, written request for information or written notice of liability or investigation arising under, relating to or based upon any Environmental Laws, (C) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is aware of any pending or threatened notice, claim, proceeding or investigation which might lead to liability under Environmental Laws, (D) the Company does not anticipate incurring material capital expenditures relating to compliance with Environmental Laws (including, without limitation, any capital or operating expenditures required for clean-up, investigation or closure of properties or compliance with Environmental Laws or any permit, license, approval, any related constraints on operating activities and any potential liabilities to third parties), and (E) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has been named as a “potentially responsible party” under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, as amended;

 

(bb)  Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, Pricing Prospectus or Prospectus, (i) except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its subsidiaries own or possess or, to the Company’s knowledge, can obtain on reasonable terms, adequate rights to use all patents, trademarks, service marks, trade names, domain names, copyrights and know-how (including trade secrets and other unpatented and/or unpatentable proprietary or confidential information, systems or procedures) and other technology and intellectual property rights, including registrations and applications for registration thereof (collectively, “Intellectual Property”) used by them or necessary for the conduct of their respective businesses as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus (the “Company Intellectual Property”); (ii) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received any written notice of any infringement of, or conflict with asserted rights of others with respect to, any Intellectual Property that would render any material Company Intellectual Property invalid, unenforceable or inadequate to protect the interest of the Company or any of its subsidiaries therein if the subject of an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding; (iii) there is no pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened in writing, action, suit, proceeding or claim by others challenging the validity, enforceability or scope of any Company Intellectual Property, other than office actions and other similar proceedings triggered by the governmental registration body and arising in the ordinary course of prosecution, or the Company’s rights or any of its subsidiaries’ rights in or to any Company Intellectual Property; or claiming that the Company or any of its subsidiaries infringes or misappropriates any Intellectual Property or other proprietary rights of others (except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a

 

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Material Adverse Effect), (iv) except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its subsidiaries have taken commercially reasonably steps consistent with standard industry practices to ensure that no Company Intellectual Property has been obtained or is being used by the Company or any of its subsidiaries in violation of any contractual obligation binding on the Company or any of its subsidiaries; (v) the Company and its subsidiaries have taken commercially reasonable steps consistent with standard industry practice to secure interests in the material Company Intellectual Property developed by their employees, consultants, agents and contractors in the course of their service to the Company (including without limitation through the use of written invention assignment or other agreements); (vi) except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its subsidiaries have used all software and other materials distributed under a “free,” “open source,” or similar licensing model (including but not limited to the GNU General Public License, GNU Lesser General Public License and GNU Affero General Public License) (“Open Source Materials”) in material compliance with all license terms applicable to such Open Source Materials; (vii) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has used or distributed any Open Source Materials in a manner that requires or has required any material proprietary products or services of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or any material proprietary software code or other technology owned by the Company or any of its subsidiaries, to be (A) disclosed or distributed to the public in source code form, (B) licensed for the purpose of making derivative works, or (C) redistributed to the public at no charge or minimum charge, except, in the case of (A), (B) and (C) above, for the Open Source Materials themselves (and derivatives thereof); (viii) the Company is the sole and exclusive owner of the material Company Intellectual Property owned or purported to be owned by the Company; (ix) except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, no governmental agency or body, university, college, other educational institution or research center has by virtue of any funding, sponsored research, or similar arrangement with the Company, any claim of ownership in or to any Company Intellectual Property that is owned or purported to be owned by the Company or any of its subsidiaries; and (x) except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its subsidiaries have taken commercially reasonable steps in accordance with standard industry practice to maintain the confidentiality of all trade secrets and confidential information owned, used or held for use by the Company or any of its subsidiaries that the Company in its reasonable business judgment wishes to maintain as trade secrets;

 

(cc)                Except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, (i) to the Company’s knowledge, the information technology systems, equipment and software used by the Company or any of its subsidiaries in their respective businesses (the “IT Assets”) (A) are adequate for the operation of the business of the Company and its subsidiaries as currently conducted; (B) operate and perform in all material respects in accordance with their documentation and functional specifications and otherwise as required by the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ respective businesses as currently conducted and (C) are free of any viruses, “back doors,” “Trojan horses,” “time bombs,” “worms,” “drop dead devices” or other software or hardware components that are designed or intended to interrupt use of, permit unauthorized access to, or disable, damage or erase, any software material to the

 

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business of the Company or any of its subsidiaries; (ii) the Company and its subsidiaries have implemented commercially reasonable backup and disaster recovery technology processes consistent with standard industry practices; and (iii) to the Company’s knowledge, no person has gained unauthorized access to any IT Asset since the Company’s inception;

 

(dd)              Except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, (i) with regard to their receipt, collection, handling, processing, sharing, transfer, usage, disclosure, interception, security, storage and disposal of all data and information that identifies or relates to a distinct individual, including without limitation IP addresses, mobile device identifiers, geolocation information and website usage activity data, or that is directly linked to such information (collectively, “Personal and Device Data”), the Company and its subsidiaries have operated at all times in a manner compliant with all applicable laws, regulations, and contractual obligations (including the European Union General Data Protection Regulation) (“Privacy Legal Obligations”); (ii) the Company and its subsidiaries have commercially reasonable policies and procedures consistent with standard industry practices designed to ensure the Company and its subsidiaries comply with such Privacy Legal Obligations and take appropriate steps that are reasonably designed to assure compliance with such policies and procedures, and such policies and procedures comply with all Privacy Legal Obligations; (iii) the Company and its subsidiaries maintain commercially reasonable data security policies and procedures consistent with standard industry practices designed to protect the confidentiality, security, and integrity of Personal and Device Data and to prevent unauthorized use of and access to Personal and Device Data; (iv) the Company and its subsidiaries have commercially reasonable policies and procedures consistent with standard industry practices to require all third parties to which they provide any Personal and Device Data to maintain the privacy and security of such Personal and Device Data and to comply with applicable Privacy Legal Obligations; and (v) to the Company’s knowledge, there has been no unauthorized access to, or use or disclosure of, Personal and Device Data maintained by or for the Company or its subsidiaries;

 

(ee)                (A) There are no persons with registration rights or other similar rights to have any securities registered pursuant to the Registration Statement or otherwise registered by the Company under the Act except as have been validly waived or complied with and (B) the holders of outstanding shares of the Company’s capital stock are not entitled to preemptive or other rights to subscribe for the Shares that have not been complied with or otherwise effectively waived;

 

(ff)                  The Company and each of its subsidiaries has filed all federal, state, local and foreign tax returns required to be filed through the date hereof or have requested extensions thereof and have paid all taxes required to be paid thereon, (except for cases in which the failure to file or pay would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect); no tax deficiency has been determined adversely to the Company or any of its subsidiaries (nor has the Company or any of its subsidiaries received written notice of any tax deficiency that will be assessed or, to the Company’s knowledge, has been proposed by any taxing authority, which could reasonably be expected to be determined adversely to the Company or its subsidiaries),

 

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except for cases where a tax deficiency would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect;

 

(gg)                The Company and each of its subsidiaries taken as a whole are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as are, in the Company’s reasonable judgment, prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and its subsidiaries are engaged; and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business at a cost that would not have a Material Adverse Effect;

 

(hh)              No labor dispute with or disturbance by the employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries exists or is threatened; and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received written notice of any existing, threatened or imminent labor disturbance by the employees of any of its principal vendors, partners or contractors except, as would not be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect;

 

(ii)                      Nothing has come to the attention of the Company that has caused the Company to believe that the statistical, industry-related and market-related data included in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus is not based on or derived from sources that are reliable and accurate in all material respects and, to the extent required, the Company has obtained the written consent to the use of such data from such sources;

 

(jj)                    From the time of initial confidential submission of a registration statement relating to the Shares with the Commission (or, if earlier, the first date on which a Section 5(d) Communication was made) through the date hereof, the Company has been and is an “emerging growth company” as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Act (an “Emerging Growth Company”).

 

(kk)              (A) Each Plan (as defined below) sponsored by the Company or any of its subsidiaries has been sponsored, maintained and contributed to in compliance with its terms and the requirements of any applicable statutes, orders, rules and regulations, including but not limited to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), except for noncompliance that would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; (B) no non-exempt prohibited transaction, within the meaning of Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, has occurred with respect to any Plan sponsored by the Company or any of its subsidiaries; (C) for each Plan that is subject to the funding rules of Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA, no failure to satisfy the minimum funding standards (within the meaning of Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA), whether or not waived, has occurred or is reasonably expected to occur; (D) no “reportable event” (within the meaning of Section 4043(c) of ERISA, other than those events as to which notice is waived) has occurred or is reasonably expected to occur that would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect; (E) neither the Company nor any member of its “Controlled Group” (defined as any organization which is a member of a controlled group of corporations within the meaning of Section 414 of the Code) has incurred, or is reasonably expected to incur, any liability under Title IV of ERISA (other than

 

12


 

contributions to any Plan or any Multiemployer Plan (as defined below) or premiums to the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (the “PBGC”), in the ordinary course and without default) in respect of a Plan or a Multiemployer Plan, except as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and (F) there is no pending audit or investigation by the Internal Revenue Service, the Department of Labor, the PBGC or any other governmental agency or any foreign regulatory agency with respect to any Plan sponsored by the Company or any of its subsidiaries that, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.  None of the following events has occurred or is reasonably likely to occur, except as would not  reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect: (x) a increase in the aggregate amount of contributions required to be made to all Plans by the Company or its subsidiaries in the current fiscal year of the Company and its subsidiaries compared to the amount of such contributions made in the Company and its subsidiaries’ most recently completed fiscal year; or (y) a increase in the Company and its subsidiaries’ “accumulated post-retirement benefit obligations” (within the meaning of Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 715) compared to the amount of such obligations in the Company and its subsidiaries’ most recently completed fiscal year.  For purposes of this paragraph, (i) the term “Plan” means an employee benefit plan, within the meaning of Section 3(3) of ERISA, subject to Title IV of ERISA, but excluding any Multiemployer Plan, sponsored, maintained or contributed to (or required to be contributed to) by the Company or any member of its Controlled Group and (ii) the term “Multiemployer Plan” means a multiemployer plan within the meaning of Section 4001(a)(3) of ERISA that is contributed to or required to be contributed to by the Company or any member of its Controlled Group;

 

(ll) There are no contracts, agreements or understandings between the Company and any person that would give rise to a valid claim against the Company or any Underwriter for a brokerage commission, finder’s fee or other similar payment in connection with this offering;

 

(mm)      The Company has taken all necessary actions to ensure that it is in compliance with all provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act with which the Company is required to comply as of the Applicable Time, and the Company currently plans to take reasonable steps to ensure that it will be in compliance with other provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act not currently in effect, upon the effectiveness of such provisions, or which will become applicable to the Company at all times after the effectiveness of the Registration Statement;

 

(nn)          There is no debt of, or guaranteed by, the Company or any of its subsidiaries that is rated by a “nationally recognized statistical rating organization,” as that term is defined by in Section 3(a)(62) of the Exchange Act; and

 

(oo) In connection with any offer and sale of Reserved Securities outside the United States, each Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto complied and will comply in all material respects with any applicable laws or regulations of foreign jurisdictions in which the same is distributed.  The Company has not offered, or caused the Underwriters or Merrill Lynch to offer, Reserved Securities to any person with the specific intent to unlawfully influence (i) a customer or supplier of the Company or any of its affiliates to alter the customer’s or supplier’s level or type of business with any such entity or (ii) a trade journalist or publication to write or publish

 

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favorable information about the Company or any of its affiliates, or their respective businesses or products.

 

2.                          Subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth, (a) the Company agrees to issue and sell to each of the Underwriters, and each of the Underwriters agrees, severally and not jointly, to purchase from the Company, at a purchase price per share of $[·], the number of Firm Shares set forth opposite the name of such Underwriter in Schedule I hereto and (b) in the event and to the extent that the Underwriters shall exercise the election to purchase Optional Shares as provided below, the Company agrees to issue and sell to each of the Underwriters, and each of the Underwriters agrees, severally and not jointly, to purchase from the Company, at the purchase price per share set forth in clause (a) of this Section 2 (provided that the purchase price per Optional Share shall be reduced by an amount per share equal to any dividends or distributions declared by the Company and payable on the Firm Shares but not payable on the Optional Shares), that portion of the number of Optional Shares as to which such election shall have been exercised (to be adjusted by you so as to eliminate fractional shares) determined by multiplying such number of Optional Shares by a fraction, the numerator of which is the maximum number of Optional Shares which such Underwriter is entitled to purchase as set forth opposite the name of such Underwriter in Schedule I hereto and the denominator of which is the maximum number of Optional Shares that all of the Underwriters are entitled to purchase hereunder.

 

The Company hereby grants to the Underwriters the right to purchase at their election up to [·] Optional Shares, at the purchase price per share set forth in the paragraph above, for the sole purpose of covering sales of shares in excess of the number of Firm Shares.  Any such election to purchase Optional Shares may be exercised only by written notice from you to the Company, given within a period of 30 calendar days after the date of this Agreement, setting forth the aggregate number of Optional Shares to be purchased and the date on which such Optional Shares are to be delivered, as determined by you but in no event earlier than the First Time of Delivery (as defined in Section 4 hereof) or, unless you and the Company otherwise agree in writing, earlier than two or later than ten business days after the date of such notice.

 

3.                          Upon the authorization by you of the release of the Firm Shares, the several Underwriters propose to offer the Firm Shares for sale upon the terms and conditions set forth in the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus.

 

4.                          (a) The Shares to be purchased by each Underwriter hereunder, in definitive or book-entry form, and in such authorized denominations and registered in such names as the Representative may request upon at least forty-eight hours’ prior notice to the Company, shall be delivered by or on behalf of the Company to the Representative, through the facilities of the Depository Trust Company (“DTC”), for the account of such Underwriter, against payment by or on behalf of such Underwriter of the purchase price therefor by wire transfer of Federal (same-day) funds to the account specified by the Company to the Representative at least forty-eight hours in advance.  The time and date of such delivery and payment shall be, with respect to the Firm Shares, 9:30 a.m., New York City time, on [·], 2019 or such other time and date as the Representative and the Company may agree upon in writing, and, with respect to the Optional Shares, 9:30 a.m., New York City time, on the date specified by the Representative in the written notice given by the Representative of the Underwriters’ election to purchase such Optional

 

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Shares, or such other time and date as the Representative and the Company may agree upon in writing.  Such time and date for delivery of the Firm Shares is herein called the “First Time of Delivery”, such time and date for delivery of the Optional Shares, if not the First Time of Delivery, is herein called the “Second Time of Delivery”, and each such time and date for delivery is herein called a “Time of Delivery”.

 

(b)                     The documents to be delivered at each Time of Delivery by or on behalf of the parties hereto pursuant to Section 8 hereof, including the cross receipt for the Shares and any additional documents requested by the Underwriters pursuant to Section 8(j) hereof, will be delivered at the offices of Cooley LLP, 3715 Hanover Street, Palo Alto, California 94304 (the “Closing Location”), and the Shares will be delivered at the office of DTC or its designated custodian, all at such Time of Delivery.  A meeting will be held at the Closing Location at [·] p.m., New York City time, on the New York Business Day next preceding such Time of Delivery, at which meeting the final drafts of the documents to be delivered pursuant to the preceding sentence will be available for review by the parties hereto.  For the purposes of this Section 4, “New York Business Day” shall mean each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday which is not a day on which banking institutions in New York City are generally authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close.

 

5.                          The Company agrees with each of the Underwriters:

 

(a)                     To prepare the Prospectus in a form approved by you and to file such Prospectus pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Act not later than the Commission’s close of business on the second business day following the execution and delivery of this Agreement, or, if applicable, such earlier time as may be required by Rule 430A(a)(3) under the Act; to make no further amendment or any supplement to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus prior to the last Time of Delivery which shall be disapproved by you promptly after reasonable notice thereof; to advise you, promptly after it receives notice thereof, of the time when any amendment to the Registration Statement has been filed or becomes effective or any amendment or supplement to the Prospectus has been filed and to furnish you with copies thereof; to file promptly all material required to be filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Act; to advise you, promptly after it receives notice thereof, of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order or of any order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus or other prospectus in respect of the Shares, of the suspension of the qualification of the Shares for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, of the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for any such purpose, or of any request by the Commission for the amending or supplementing of the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or for additional information; and, in the event of the issuance of any stop order or of any order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus or other prospectus or suspending any such qualification, to promptly use its best efforts to obtain the withdrawal of such order;

 

(b)                                             Promptly from time to time to take such action as you may reasonably request to qualify the Shares for offering and sale under the securities laws of such jurisdictions as you may request and to comply with such laws so as to permit the continuance of sales and dealings therein in such jurisdictions for as long as may be necessary to complete the distribution of the Shares, provided that in connection therewith the Company shall not be required to qualify as a foreign corporation (where

 

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not otherwise required) or subject itself to taxation for doing business in any jurisdiction in which it is not otherwise subject to taxation or to file a general consent to service of process in any jurisdiction (where not otherwise required);

 

(c)                                              Prior to 10:00 a.m., New York City time, on the New York Business Day next succeeding the date of this Agreement (or such later time as may be agreed by the Company and the Representative) and from time to time, to furnish the Underwriters with written and electronic copies of the Prospectus in New York City in such quantities as you may reasonably request, and, if the delivery of a prospectus (or in lieu thereof, the notice referred to in Rule 173(a) under the Act) is required at any time prior to the expiration of nine months after the time of issue of the Prospectus in connection with the offering or sale of the Shares and if at such time any event shall have occurred as a result of which the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made when such Prospectus (or in lieu thereof, the notice referred to in Rule 173(a) under the Act) is delivered, not misleading, or, if for any other reason it shall be necessary during such same period to amend or supplement the Prospectus in order to comply with the Act, to notify you and upon your request to prepare and furnish without charge to each Underwriter and to any dealer in securities as many written and electronic copies as you may from time to time reasonably request of an amended Prospectus or a supplement to the Prospectus which will correct such statement or omission or effect such compliance; and in case any Underwriter is required to deliver a prospectus (or in lieu thereof, the notice referred to in Rule 173(a) under the Act) in connection with sales of any of the Shares at any time nine months or more after the time of issue of the Prospectus, upon your request but at the expense of such Underwriter, to prepare and deliver to such Underwriter as many written and electronic copies as you may request of an amended or supplemented Prospectus complying with Section 10(a)(3) of the Act;

 

(d)                                             To make generally available to its securityholders as soon as practicable (which may be satisfied by filing with the Commission’s Electronic Data Gathering Analysis and Retrieval System (“EDGAR”)), but in any event not later than sixteen months after the effective date of the Registration Statement (as defined in Rule 158(c) under the Act), an earnings statement of the Company and its subsidiaries (which need not be audited) complying with Section 11(a) of the Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder (including, at the option of the Company, Rule 158);

 

(e)(1)                               During the period beginning from the date hereof and continuing to and including the date 180 days after the date of the Prospectus (the “Lock-Up Period”), not to (i) offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge, grant any option to purchase, make any short sale, lend or otherwise transfer or dispose of,  directly or indirectly, or file with or confidentially submit to the Commission a registration statement under the Act relating to, any class of the Company’s common stock or any securities of the Company that are substantially similar to the Shares, including but not limited to any options or warrants to purchase shares of Stock or any securities that are convertible into or exchangeable for, or that represent the right to receive, Stock or any such substantially similar securities, or publicly disclose the intention to make any offer, sale, pledge, disposition or filing or (ii) enter into any swap or other agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Stock or any such other securities, whether

 

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any such transaction described in clause (i) or (ii) above is to be settled by delivery of Stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise, without the prior written consent of the Representative, provided however, that the foregoing restrictions shall not apply to (i) Shares to be sold hereunder, (ii) the issuance by the Company of common stock upon the exercise of options or the settlement of restricted stock units outstanding as of the date of this Agreement or issued after the date of this Agreement pursuant to the Company’s equity plans described in the Registration Statement, Pricing Prospectus and Prospectus, (iii) the issuance by the Company of shares of common stock or securities convertible into, exchangeable for or that represent that right to receive shares of common stock, in each case pursuant to the Company’s equity plans described in the Registration Statement, Pricing Prospectus and Prospectus, (iv) the issuance by the Company of shares of common stock pursuant to the exercise of warrants described in the Registration Statement, Pricing Prospectus and Prospectus, (v) the issuance by the Company of shares of Class B common stock upon the conversion of shares of Class A common stock, (vi) the issuance by the Company of shares of Stock or securities convertible into, exchangeable for or that represent the right to receive Stock in connection with (x) the acquisition by the Company or any of its subsidiaries of the securities, business, technology, property or other assets of another person or entity or pursuant to an employee benefit plan assumed by the Company in connection with such acquisition, and the issuance of any such securities pursuant to any such agreement, or (y) the Company’s joint ventures, commercial relationships and other strategic relationships, or (vii) the filing of any registration statement on Form S-8 relating to the securities granted or to be granted pursuant to (A) the Company’s equity plans that are described in the Registration Statement, Pricing Prospectus and Prospectus or (B) any assumed employee benefit plan contemplated by clause (vi); provided, that the aggregate number of shares of Stock that the Company may sell or issue or agree to sell or issue pursuant to clauses (vi) and (vii) shall not exceed 10% of the total number of shares of common stock of the Company outstanding immediately following the issuance of the Shares contemplated by this Agreement; and provided further, that in the case of clauses (ii), (iii), (iv), and (vi), the Company shall cause each recipient of such securities to execute and deliver to Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, as Representative, on or prior to the issuance of such securities, a lock-up letter in substantially the form attached as Annex II hereto for the remainder of the Lock-Up Period (as defined therein) and enter stop transfer instructions with the Company’s transfer agent and registrar on such securities, which the Company agrees it will not waive or amend without the prior written consent of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC.

 

(e)(2)                           If Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, in its sole discretion, agrees to release or waive the restrictions set forth in a lock-up letter described in Section 8(h) hereof for an officer or director of the Company and provides the Company with notice of the impending release or waiver at least three business days before the effective date of the release or waiver, the Company agrees to announce the impending release or waiver by a press release substantially in the form of Annex I hereto through a major news service at least two business days before the effective date of the release or waiver;

 

(e)(3)                               To notify Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC of the anticipated date of any Blackout-Related Release (as such term is defined in the form of lock-up letter attached as Annex II hereto) at least 15 trading days before the date of such Blackout-Related Release, and to give Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC prompt notice of any changes to the

 

17


 

date of such Blackout-Related Release thereafter, which information Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC agrees to keep strictly confidential until the Company publicly announces such information;

 

(f)                                               During a period of three years from the effective date of the Registration Statement, so long as the Company is subject to the reporting requirements of either Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act, to furnish to its stockholders as soon as practicable after the end of each fiscal year an annual report (including a balance sheet and statements of income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries certified by independent public accountants) and, as soon as practicable after the end of each of the first three quarters of each fiscal year (beginning with the fiscal quarter ending after the effective date of the Registration Statement), to make available to its stockholders consolidated summary financial information of the Company and its subsidiaries for such quarter in reasonable detail provided that no reports, documents or other information need to be furnished pursuant to this Section 5(f) to the extent that they are available on EDGAR or the provision of which would require disclose by the Company under Regulation FD;

 

(g)                                              During a period of three years from the effective date of the Registration Statement, so long as the Company is subject to the reporting requirements of either Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act, to furnish to you copies of all reports or other communications (financial or other) furnished to stockholders, and to deliver to you (i) as soon as they are available, copies of any reports and financial statements furnished to or filed with the Commission or any national securities exchange on which any class of securities of the Company is listed; and (ii) such additional information concerning the business and financial condition of the Company as you may from time to time reasonably request (such financial statements to be on a consolidated basis to the extent the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries are consolidated in reports furnished to its stockholders generally or to the Commission), provided that no reports, documents or other information need to be furnished pursuant to this Section 5(g) to the extent that they are available on EDGAR;

 

(h)                                             To use the net proceeds received by it from the sale of the Shares pursuant to this Agreement in the manner specified in the Pricing Prospectus under the caption “Use of Proceeds”;

 

(i)                                                 To use its reasonable best efforts to list for quotation the Shares on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”);

 

(j)                                                To file with the Commission such information on Form 10-Q or Form 10-K as may be required by Rule 463 under the Act;

 

(k)                                             If the Company elects to rely upon Rule 462(b), the Company shall file a Rule 462(b) Registration Statement with the Commission in compliance with Rule 462(b) by 10:00 P.M., Washington, D.C. time, on the date of this Agreement, and the Company shall at the time of filing either pay to the Commission the filing fee for the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement or give irrevocable instructions for the payment of such fee pursuant to Rule 111(b) under the Act;

 

(l)                                                 Upon request of any Underwriter, to furnish, or cause to be furnished, to such Underwriter an electronic version of the Company’s trademarks, servicemarks and corporate logo for use on the website, if any, operated by such Underwriter for the

 

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purpose of facilitating the on-line offering of the Shares (the “License”); provided, however, that the License shall be used solely for the purpose described above, is granted without any fee and may not be assigned or transferred;

 

(m)                                         To promptly notify you if the Company ceases to be an Emerging Growth Company at any time prior to the later of (i) completion of the distribution of the Shares within the meaning of the Act and (ii) the last Time of Delivery;

 

(n)                                             To deliver to the Representative, by the date of execution of this Agreement, a properly completed and executed Certification Regarding Beneficial Owners of Legal Entity Customers, together with copies of identifying documentation, and the Company undertakes to provide such additional supporting documentation as the Representative may reasonably request in connection with the verification of the foregoing certification; and

 

(o)                                             To ensure that the Reserved Securities will be restricted pursuant to the lockup agreements entered into with the Underwriters or Merrill Lynch as required by FINRA or the FINRA rules from sale, transfer, assignment, pledge or hypothecation for a period of three months following the date of this Agreement.  Merrill Lynch will notify the Company as to which persons will need to be so restricted.  At the request of the Underwriters, the Company will direct the transfer agent to place a stop transfer restriction upon such securities for such period of time.  Should the Company release, or seek to release, from such restrictions any of the Reserved Securities, the Company agrees to reimburse the Underwriters and Merrill Lynch for any reasonable expenses (including, without limitation, legal expenses) they incur in connection with such release.

 

6.                                                  (a)         The Company represents and agrees that, without the prior consent of the Representative, it has not made and will not make any offer relating to the Shares that would constitute a “free writing prospectus” as defined in Rule 405 under the Act; each Underwriter represents and agrees that, without the prior consent of the Company and the Representative, it has not made and will not make any offer relating to the Shares that would constitute a free writing prospectus required to be filed with the Commission; any such free writing prospectus the use of which has been consented to by the Company and the Representative is listed on Schedule II(a) or Schedule II(c) hereto;

 

(b)                                             The Company has complied and will comply with the requirements of Rule 433 under the Act applicable to any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, including timely filing with the Commission or retention where required and legending; and the Company represents that it has satisfied and agrees that it will satisfy the conditions under Rule 433 under the Act to avoid a requirement to file with the Commission any electronic roadshow;

 

(c)                                                                      The Company agrees that if, at any time following issuance of an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or Section 5(d) Writing prepared or authorized by the Company, any event occurred or occurs as a result of which such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or Section 5(d) Writing would conflict with the information in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus or would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances then prevailing, not misleading, the Company will give prompt notice thereof to the Representative and, if requested by the Representative, will prepare and furnish without charge to each Underwriter an Issuer

 

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Free Writing Prospectus, Section 5(d) Writing or other document which will correct such conflict, statement or omission;

 

(d)                                                                     The Company represents and agrees that (i) it has not engaged in, or authorized any other person to engage in, any Section 5(d) Communications, other than Section 5(d) Communications with the prior consent of the Representative with entities that are qualified institutional buyers as defined in Rule 144A under the Act or institutions that are accredited investors as defined in Rule 501(a) under the Act; and (ii) it has not distributed, or authorized any other person to distribute, any Section 5(d) Writings, other than those distributed with the prior consent of the Representative; and the Company reconfirms that the Underwriters have been authorized to act on its behalf in engaging in Section 5(d) Communications; and

 

(e)          Each Underwriter represents and agrees that (i) any Section 5(d) Communications undertaken by it were with entities that are qualified institutional buyers as defined in Rule 144A under the Act or institutions that are accredited investors as defined in Rule 501(a) under the Act and (ii) it will not distribute, or authorize any other person to distribute, any Section 5(d) Writing, other than those distributed with the prior written authorization of the Company.

 

7.              The Company covenants and agrees with the several Underwriters that the Company will pay or cause to be paid the following: (i) the fees, disbursements and expenses of the Company’s counsel and accountants in connection with the registration of the Shares under the Act and all other expenses incurred in connection with the preparation, printing, reproduction and filing of the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, any Section 5(d) Writing, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus and the Prospectus and amendments and supplements thereto and the mailing and delivering of copies thereof to the Underwriters and dealers; (ii) the cost of printing or producing any Agreement among Underwriters, this Agreement, the Blue Sky Memorandum, if any, closing documents (including any compilations thereof) and any other documents in connection with the offering, purchase, sale and delivery of the Shares; (iii) all expenses incurred in connection with the qualification of the Shares for offering and sale under state securities laws as provided in Section 5(b) hereof, including the fees and disbursements of counsel for the Underwriters in connection with such qualification and in connection with the Blue Sky survey (iv) all fees and expenses in connection with listing the Shares on Nasdaq; (v) the filing fees incident to, and the fees and disbursements of counsel for the Underwriters in connection with, any required review by FINRA of the terms of the sale of the Shares; (vi) the cost of preparing stock certificates, if applicable; (vii) the cost and charges of any transfer agent or registrar; (viii) all costs and expenses of the Underwriters and Merrill Lynch, including the fees and disbursements of counsel for the Underwriters and counsel for Merrill Lynch, in connection with matters related to the Reserved Securities which are designated by the Company for sale to Invitees in an amount not to exceed $40,000 in the aggregate; and (ix) all other costs and expenses incident to the performance of its obligations hereunder which are not otherwise specifically provided for in this Section, provided, however, that the amount payable by the Company pursuant to subsection (iii) and the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel to the Underwriters described in subsection (v) shall not exceed $40,000 in the aggregate.  It is understood, however, that, except as provided in this Section, and Sections 9 and 12 hereof, the Underwriters will pay all of their own costs and expenses,

 

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including their own lodging, travel and meal expenses in connection with any roadshow, the fees of their counsel, stock transfer taxes on resale of any of the Shares by them, and any advertising expenses connected with any offers they may make, provided however that the cost of any aircraft chartered in connection with any roadshow shall be paid 50% by the Company and 50% by the Underwriters.

 

8.     The obligations of the Underwriters hereunder, as to the Shares to be delivered at each Time of Delivery, shall be subject, in their discretion, to the condition that all representations and warranties and other statements of the Company herein are, at and as of the Applicable Time and such Time of Delivery, true and correct, the condition that the Company shall have performed all of its obligations hereunder theretofore to be performed, and the following additional conditions:

 

(a)     The Prospectus shall have been filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Act within the applicable time period prescribed for such filing by the rules and regulations under the Act and in accordance with Section 5(a) hereof; all material required to be filed by the Company pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Act shall have been filed with the Commission within the applicable time period prescribed for such filing by Rule 433; if the Company has elected to rely upon Rule 462(b) under the Act, the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement shall have become effective by 10:00 P.M., Washington, D.C. time, on the date of this Agreement; no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any part thereof shall have been issued and no proceeding for that purpose shall have been initiated or threatened by the Commission; no stop order suspending or preventing the use of the Pricing Prospectus, Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus shall have been initiated or threatened by the Commission; and all requests for additional information on the part of the Commission shall have been complied with to your reasonable satisfaction;

 

(b)     Cooley LLP, counsel for the Underwriters, shall have furnished to you such written opinion or opinions, dated such Time of Delivery, in form and substance satisfactory to you, and such counsel shall have received such papers and information as it may reasonably request to enable it to pass upon such matters;

 

(c)     Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, counsel for the Company, shall have furnished to you their written opinion and negative assurance letter, dated such Time of Delivery, in form and substance satisfactory to you;

 

(d)     On the date of the Prospectus, on the effective date of any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement filed subsequent to the date of this Agreement and also at each Time of Delivery, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP shall have furnished to you a letter or letters, dated the respective dates of delivery thereof, in form and substance satisfactory to you;

 

(e)     (i) Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries shall have sustained since the date of the latest audited financial statements included in the Pricing Prospectus any loss or interference with its business from fire, explosion, flood or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any labor dispute or court or governmental action, order or decree, otherwise than as set forth or

 

21


 

contemplated in the Pricing Prospectus, and (ii) since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Pricing Prospectus there shall not have been any change in the capital stock (other than as a result of (A) the exercise of stock options or settlement of restricted stock units (including any “net” or “cashless” exercises or settlements), or the award of stock options, restricted stock units or restricted stock in the ordinary course of business pursuant to the Company’s equity plans described in the Registration Statement, Pricing Prospectus and Prospectus, (B) the repurchase of shares of capital stock upon termination of a holder’s employment or service with the Company pursuant to agreements providing for an option to repurchase or a right of first refusal on behalf of the Company, in each case pursuant to agreements that are described in the Registration Statement, Pricing Prospectus and Prospectus, (C) the issuance by the Company of securities convertible into, exchangeable for or that represent that right to receive shares of common stock on the date of the Pricing Prospectus, in each case as described in the Registration Statement, Pricing Prospectus and Prospectus, or (D) the issuance, if any, of capital stock upon exercise or conversion of Company securities as described in the Registration Statement, Pricing Prospectus and Prospectus) or long-term debt of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or any change or effect, or any development involving a prospective change or effect, in or affecting (x) the business, properties, general affairs, management, financial position, stockholders’ equity or results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, except as set forth or contemplated in the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, or (y) the ability of the Company to perform its obligations under this Agreement, including the issuance and sale of the Shares, or to consummate the transactions contemplated in the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, the effect of which, in any such case described in clause (i) or (ii), is in your judgment so material and adverse as to make it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the public offering or the delivery of the Shares being delivered at such Time of Delivery on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus;

 

(f)    On or after the Applicable Time there shall not have occurred any of the following: (i) a suspension or material limitation in trading in securities generally on the New York Stock Exchange or on the Nasdaq; (ii) a suspension or material limitation in trading in the Company’s securities on the Nasdaq Global Select Market; (iii) a general moratorium on commercial banking activities declared by either Federal or New York State authorities or a material disruption in commercial banking or securities settlement or clearance services in the United States; (iv) the outbreak or escalation of hostilities involving the United States or the declaration by the United States of a national emergency or war or (v) the occurrence of any other calamity or crisis or any change in financial, political or economic conditions in the United States or elsewhere, if the effect of any such event specified in clause (iv) or (v) in your judgment makes it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the public offering or the delivery of the Shares being delivered at such Time of Delivery on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus;

 

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(g)     The Shares to be sold at such Time of Delivery shall have been duly listed for quotation on Nasdaq;

 

(h)       The Company shall have obtained and delivered to the Underwriters executed copies of an agreement from all directors, officers and substantially all of the stockholders of the Company, substantially to the effect set forth in Annex II hereto in form and substance satisfactory to you;

 

(i) The Company shall have complied with the provisions of Section 5(c) hereof with respect to the furnishing of prospectuses on the New York Business Day next succeeding the date of this Agreement;

 

(j)      The Company shall have furnished or caused to be furnished to you at such Time of Delivery certificates of officers of the Company satisfactory to you as to the accuracy of the representations and warranties of the Company herein at and as of such Time of Delivery, as to the performance by the Company of all of its obligations hereunder to be performed at or prior to such Time of Delivery, as to the matters set forth in subsections (a) and (e) of this Section and as to such other matters as you may reasonably request;

 

(k)     On the date of this Agreement and at each Time of Delivery, the Chief Financial Officer of the Company shall have furnished to you a certificate as to the accuracy of certain financial information included in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, dated the date thereof, in form and substance satisfactory to you; and

 

(l)      On or prior to the date of this Agreement and at each Time of Delivery, the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Vice President, Intelligence, of the Company shall have furnished to you a certificate, dated the date thereof, in form and substance satisfactory to you.

 

9.         (a)  The Company will indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter, its affiliates (as such term is defined in Rule 501(b) under the Act (each an “Affiliate”)), its selling agents and each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities, joint or several, to which such Underwriter may become subject, under the Act or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any “roadshow” as defined in Rule 433(h) under the Act (a “roadshow”), any “issuer information” filed or required to be filed pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Act or any Section 5(d) Writing prepared or authorized by the Company, or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and will reimburse each Underwriter for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such Underwriter in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim as such expenses are incurred; provided, however, that the Company shall not be liable in any such case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage or liability arises out of or is based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in the

 

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Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any roadshow, or any Section 5(d) Writing, in reliance upon and in conformity with the Underwriter Information.

 

(b)       In connection with the offer and sale of the Reserved Securities, the Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Underwriters, their Affiliates (including Merrill Lynch) and selling agents and each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter or Merrill Lynch within the meaning of either Section 15 of the Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, from and against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense (including, without limitation, any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with defending, investigating or settling any such action or claim), as incurred, (i) arising out of the violation of any applicable laws or regulations of foreign jurisdictions where Reserved Securities have been offered, (ii) arising out of any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any other material prepared by or with the consent of the Company for distribution to Invitees in connection with the offering of the Reserved Securities or caused by any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, (iii) caused by the failure of any Invitee to pay for and accept delivery of Reserved Securities which have been orally confirmed for purchase by any Invitee by 11:59 P.M. (New York City time) on the date of this Agreement or (iv) related to, or arising out of or in connection with, the offering of the Reserved Securities.

 

(c)       Each Underwriter will indemnify and hold harmless the Company against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities to which the Company may become subject, under the Act or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or any roadshow or any Section 5(d) Writing, or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, in each case to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission was made in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or any roadshow or any Section 5(d) Writing, in reliance upon and in conformity with the Underwriter Information; and will reimburse the Company for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by the Company in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim as such expenses are incurred.  As used in this Agreement with respect to an Underwriter and an applicable document, “Underwriter Information” shall mean the written information furnished to the Company by such Underwriter through the Representative expressly for use therein; it being understood and agreed upon that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the following information in the Prospectus furnished on behalf of each Underwriter: the concession and reallowance figures appearing in the [·] paragraph under the caption “Underwriting”, and the information contained in the [·] paragraph under the caption “Underwriting”.

 

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(d)       Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under subsection (a), (b) or (c) above of notice of the commencement of any action, such indemnified party shall, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against the indemnifying party under such subsection, notify the indemnifying party in writing of the commencement thereof; provided that the failure to notify the indemnifying party shall not relieve it from any liability that it may have under the preceding paragraphs of this Section 9 except to the extent that it has been materially prejudiced (through the forfeiture of substantive rights or defenses) by such failure; and provided further that the failure to notify the indemnifying party shall not relieve it from any liability that it may have to an indemnified party otherwise than under the preceding paragraphs of this Section 9.  In case any such action shall be brought against any indemnified party and it shall notify the indemnifying party of the commencement thereof, the indemnifying party shall be entitled to participate therein and, to the extent that it shall wish, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense thereof, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to such indemnified party (who shall not, except with the consent of the indemnified party, be counsel to the indemnifying party), and, after notice from the indemnifying party to such indemnified party of its election so to assume the defense thereof, the indemnifying party shall not be liable to such indemnified party under such subsection for any legal expenses of other counsel or any other expenses, in each case subsequently incurred by such indemnified party, in connection with the defense thereof other than reasonable costs of investigation.  No indemnifying party shall, without the written consent of the indemnified party, effect the settlement or compromise of, or consent to the entry of any judgment with respect to, any pending or threatened action or claim in respect of which indemnification or contribution may be sought hereunder (whether or not the indemnified party is an actual or potential party to such action or claim) unless such settlement, compromise or judgment (i) includes an unconditional release of the indemnified party from all liability arising out of such action or claim and (ii) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act, by or on behalf of any indemnified party.

 

(e)       If the indemnification provided for in this Section 9 is unavailable to or insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party under subsection (a), (b) or (c) above in respect of any losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) referred to therein, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such indemnified party as a result of such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other from the offering of the Shares.  If, however, the allocation provided by the immediately preceding sentence is not permitted by applicable law, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to such amount paid or payable by such indemnified party in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only such relative benefits but also the relative fault of the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other in connection with the statements or omissions which resulted in such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof), or in connection with any violation of the nature referred to in Section 9(b) hereof, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations.  The relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as the total net proceeds from the offering (net of any underwriting discounts and commissions but

 

25


 

before deducting expenses) received by the Company bear to the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by the Underwriters, in each case as set forth in the table on the cover page of the Prospectus.  The relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company on the one hand or the Underwriters on the other and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission or any violation of the nature referred to in Section 9(b) hereof.  The Company and the Underwriters agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this subsection (e) were determined by pro rata allocation (even if the Underwriters were treated as one entity for such purpose) or by any other method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to above in this subsection (e).  The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) referred to above in this subsection (e) shall be deemed to include any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim.  Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection (e), no Underwriter shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the total price at which the Shares underwritten by it and distributed to the public were offered to the public exceeds the amount of any damages which such Underwriter has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission.  No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.  The Underwriters’ obligations in this subsection (e) to contribute are several in proportion to their respective underwriting obligations and not joint.

 

(f)        The obligations of the Company under this Section 9 shall be in addition to any liability which the Company may otherwise have and shall extend, upon the same terms and conditions, to each employee, officer and director of each Underwriter and each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter within the meaning of the Act and each broker-dealer or other affiliate of any Underwriter; and the obligations of the Underwriters under this Section 9 shall be in addition to any liability which the respective Underwriters may otherwise have and shall extend, upon the same terms and conditions, to each officer and director of the Company and to each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of the Act.

 

10.      (a)  If any Underwriter shall default in its obligation to purchase the Shares which it has agreed to purchase hereunder at a Time of Delivery, you may in your discretion arrange for you or another party or other parties to purchase such Shares on the terms contained herein.  If within thirty-six hours after such default by any Underwriter you do not arrange for the purchase of such Shares, then the Company shall be entitled to a further period of thirty-six hours within which to procure another party or other parties satisfactory to you to purchase such Shares on such terms.  In the event that, within the respective prescribed periods, you notify the Company that you have so arranged for the purchase of such Shares, or the Company notifies you that it has so arranged for the purchase of such Shares, you or the Company shall have the right to postpone such Time of Delivery for a period of not more than seven days, in order to effect whatever changes may thereby be made necessary in the Registration Statement or the

 

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Prospectus, or in any other documents or arrangements, and the Company agrees to file promptly any amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus which in your opinion may thereby be made necessary.  The term “Underwriter” as used in this Agreement shall include any person substituted under this Section with like effect as if such person had originally been a party to this Agreement with respect to such Shares.

 

(b)       If, after giving effect to any arrangements for the purchase of the Shares of a defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters by you and the Company as provided in subsection (a) above, the aggregate number of such Shares which remains unpurchased does not exceed one-eleventh of the aggregate number of all the Shares to be purchased at such Time of Delivery, then the Company shall have the right to require each non-defaulting Underwriter to purchase the number of shares which such Underwriter agreed to purchase hereunder at such Time of Delivery and, in addition, to require each non-defaulting Underwriter to purchase its pro rata share (based on the number of Shares which such Underwriter agreed to purchase hereunder) of the Shares of such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters for which such arrangements have not been made; but nothing herein shall relieve a defaulting Underwriter from liability for its default.

 

(c)       If, after giving effect to any arrangements for the purchase of the Shares of a defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters by you and the Company as provided in subsection (a) above, the aggregate number of such Shares which remains unpurchased exceeds one-eleventh of the aggregate number of all the Shares to be purchased at such Time of Delivery, or if the Company shall not exercise the right described in subsection (b) above to require non-defaulting Underwriters to purchase Shares of a defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters, then this Agreement (or, with respect to the Second Time of Delivery, the obligations of the Underwriters to purchase and of the Company to sell the Optional Shares) shall thereupon terminate, without liability on the part of any non-defaulting Underwriter or the Company, except for the expenses to be borne by the Company and the Underwriters as provided in Section 7 hereof and the indemnity and contribution agreements in Section 9 hereof; but nothing herein shall relieve a defaulting Underwriter from liability for its default.

 

11.      The respective indemnities, agreements, representations, warranties and other statements of the Company and the several Underwriters, as set forth in this Agreement or made by or on behalf of them, respectively, pursuant to this Agreement, shall remain in full force and effect, regardless of any investigation (or any statement as to the results thereof) made by or on behalf of any Underwriter or any controlling person of any Underwriter, or the Company, or any officer or director or controlling person of the Company, and shall survive delivery of and payment for the Shares.

 

12.      If this Agreement shall be terminated pursuant to Section 10 hereof, the Company shall not then be under any liability to any Underwriter except as provided in Sections 7 and 9 hereof; but, if for any other reason (other than those set forth in clauses (i), (iii), (iv) or (v) of Section 8(f)), any Shares are not delivered by or on behalf of the Company as provided herein, the Company will reimburse the Underwriters through you for all out-of-pocket expenses approved in writing by you, including fees and disbursements of counsel, reasonably incurred by the Underwriters in making preparations for the purchase, sale and delivery of the Shares not so delivered, but the

 

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Company shall then be under no further liability to any Underwriter except as provided in Sections 7 and 9 hereof.

 

13.      In all dealings hereunder, you shall act on behalf of each of the Underwriters, and the parties hereto shall be entitled to act and rely upon any statement, request, notice or agreement on behalf of any Underwriter made or given by you.

 

All statements, requests, notices and agreements hereunder shall be in writing, and if to the Underwriters shall be delivered or sent by mail, telex or facsimile transmission to you as the Representative at 200 West Street, New York, New York  10282-2198, Attention: Registration Department; and if to the Company shall be delivered or sent by mail, telex or facsimile transmission to the address of the Company set forth in the Registration Statement, Attention: Secretary; provided, however, that any notice to an Underwriter pursuant to Section 9(c) hereof shall be delivered or sent by mail, telex or facsimile transmission to such Underwriter at its address set forth in its Underwriters’ Questionnaire, or telex constituting such Questionnaire, which address will be supplied to the Company by you upon request; provided, however, that notices under subsection 5(e) shall be in writing, and if to the Underwriters shall be delivered or sent by mail, telex or facsimile transmission to you as the Representative at Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, 200 West Street, New York, New York 10282-2198, Attention: Control Room. Any such statements, requests, notices or agreements shall take effect upon receipt thereof.

 

In accordance with the requirements of the USA Patriot Act (Title III of Pub. L. 107-56 (signed into law October 26, 2001)), the underwriters are required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies their respective clients, including the Company, which information may include the name and address of their respective clients, as well as other information that will allow the underwriters to properly identify their respective clients.

 

14.      This Agreement shall be binding upon, and inure solely to the benefit of, the Underwriters, the Company and, to the extent provided in Sections 9 and 11 hereof, the officers and directors of the Company and each person who controls the Company or any Underwriter, and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns, and no other person shall acquire or have any right under or by virtue of this Agreement.  No purchaser of any of the Shares from any Underwriter shall be deemed a successor or assign by reason merely of such purchase.

 

15.      Time shall be of the essence of this Agreement.  As used herein, the term “business day” shall mean any day when the Commission’s office in Washington, D.C.  is open for business.

 

16.      The Company acknowledges and agrees that (i) the purchase and sale of the Shares pursuant to this Agreement is an arm’s-length commercial transaction between the Company, on the one hand, and the several Underwriters, on the other, (ii) in connection therewith and with the process leading to such transaction each Underwriter is acting solely as a principal and not the agent or fiduciary of the Company, (iii) no Underwriter has assumed an advisory or fiduciary responsibility in favor of the Company with respect to the offering contemplated hereby or the process leading thereto (irrespective of whether such Underwriter has advised or is currently advising the Company on other matters) or any other obligation to the Company except the obligations expressly set forth in this Agreement and (iv) the Company has consulted its own legal

 

28


 

and financial advisors to the extent it deemed appropriate.  The Company agrees that it will not claim that the Underwriters, or any of them, has rendered advisory services of any nature or respect, or owes a fiduciary or similar duty to the Company, in connection with such transaction or the process leading thereto.

 

17.      This Agreement supersedes all prior agreements and understandings (whether written or oral) between the Company and the Underwriters, or any of them, with respect to the subject matter hereof.

 

18.      This Agreement and any transaction contemplated by this Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York without regard to principles of conflict of laws that would result in the application of any other law than the laws of the State of New York. The Company agrees that any suit or proceeding arising in respect of this Agreement or any transaction contemplated by this Agreement will be tried exclusively in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York or, if that court does not have subject matter jurisdiction, in any state court located in The City and County of New York and the Company agrees to submit to the jurisdiction of, and to venue in, such courts.

 

19.      The Company and each of the Underwriters hereby irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any and all right to trial by jury in any legal proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.

 

20.      This Agreement may be executed by any one or more of the parties hereto in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute one and the same instrument.

 

21.  Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Company is authorized to disclose to any persons the U.S. federal and state income tax treatment and tax structure of the potential transaction and all materials of any kind (including tax opinions and other tax analyses) provided to the Company relating to that treatment and structure, without the Underwriters imposing any limitation of any kind.  However, any information relating to the tax treatment and tax structure shall remain confidential (and the foregoing sentence shall not apply) to the extent necessary to enable any person to comply with securities laws.  For this purpose, “tax structure” is limited to any facts that may be relevant to that treatment.

 

22.      Recognition of the U.S. Special Resolution Regimes.

 

(a)           In the event that any Underwriter that is a Covered Entity becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, the transfer from such Underwriter of this Agreement, and any interest and obligation in or under this Agreement, will be effective to the same extent as the transfer would be effective under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement, and any such interest and obligation, were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.

 

(b) In the event that any Underwriter that is a Covered Entity or a BHC Act Affiliate of such Underwriter becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, Default Rights under this Agreement that may be exercised against such

 

29


 

Underwriter are permitted to be exercised to no greater extent than such Default Rights could be exercised under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.

 

(c) As used in this section:

 

“BHC Act Affiliate” has the meaning assigned to the term “affiliate” in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 U.S.C. § 1841(k).

 

“Covered Entity” means any of the following:

 

(i) a “covered entity” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 252.82(b);

 

(ii) a “covered bank” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 47.3(b); or

 

(iii) a “covered FSI” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 382.2(b).

 

“Default Right” has the meaning assigned to that term in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. §§ 252.81, 47.2 or 382.1, as applicable.

 

“U.S. Special Resolution Regime” means each of (i) the Federal Deposit Insurance Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder and (ii) Title II of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder

 

If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding, please sign and return to us the counterpart hereof, and upon the acceptance hereof by you, on behalf of each of the Underwriters, this letter and such acceptance hereof shall constitute a binding agreement between each of the Underwriters and the Company.  It is understood that your acceptance of this letter on behalf of each of the Underwriters is pursuant to the authority set forth in a form of Agreement among Underwriters, the form of which shall be submitted to the Company for examination upon request, but without warranty on your part as to the authority of the signers thereof.

 

(signature page follows)

 

30


 

 

Very truly yours,

 

 

 

CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

Accepted as of the date hereof:

 

Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

On behalf of each of the Underwriters

 


 

SCHEDULE I

 

Underwriter

 

Total
Number of
Firm
Shares
to be
Purchased

 

Number of
Optional
Shares to
be
Purchased
if
Maximum
Option
Exercised

 

Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC

 

 

 

 

 

J.P. Morgan Securities LLC

 

 

 

 

 

BofA Securities, Inc.

 

 

 

 

 

Barclays Capital Inc.

 

 

 

 

 

Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC

 

 

 

 

 

Jefferies LLC

 

 

 

 

 

RBC Capital Markets, LLC

 

 

 

 

 

Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated

 

 

 

 

 

HSBC Securities (USA) Inc.

 

 

 

 

 

Macquarie Capital (USA) Inc.

 

 

 

 

 

Piper Jaffray & Co.

 

 

 

 

 

SunTrust Robinson Humphrey, Inc.

 

 

 

 

 

BTIG, LLC

 

 

 

 

 

JMP Securities LLC

 

 

 

 

 

Mizuho Securities USA LLC

 

 

 

 

 

Needham & Company, LLC

 

 

 

 

 

Oppenheimer & Co. Inc.

 

 

 

 

 

Total

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

SCHEDULE II

 

(a) Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses not included in the Pricing Disclosure Package:

 

Electronic roadshow dated [·]

 

(b) Additional Documents Incorporated by Reference:

 

[None]

 

(c) Information other than the Pricing Prospectus that comprise the Pricing Disclosure Package:

 

The initial public offering price per share for the Shares is $[·]

The number of Shares purchased by the Underwriters is [·]

[Add any other pricing disclosure]

 

(d)                                                         Section 5(d) Writings:
None

 


 

ANNEX I

 

Form of Press Release

 

CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
[Date]

 

CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc. announced today that Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, the lead book-running manager in the Company’s recent public sale of       shares of common stock, is [waiving] [releasing] a lock-up restriction with respect to     shares of the Company’s common stock held by [certain officers or directors] [an officer or director] of the Company.  The [waiver] [release] will take effect on      ,          20    , and the shares may be sold on or after such date.

 

This press release is not an offer for sale of the securities in the United States or in any other jurisdiction where such offer is prohibited, and such securities may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an exemption from registration under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 


 

ANNEX II

 

Form of Lock-Up Agreement

 

CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.

 

Lock-Up Agreement

 

, 2019

 

Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC

As Representative of the several Underwriters

 

c/o Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC

200 West Street

New York, NY 10282-2198

 

Re:  CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc. - Lock-Up Agreement

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

The undersigned understands that you, as representative (the “Representative”), propose to enter into an Underwriting Agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) on behalf of the several Underwriters named in Schedule I to such agreement (collectively, the “Underwriters”), with CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), providing for a public offering (the “Public Offering”) of the Common Stock of the Company (the “Shares”) pursuant to a Registration Statement on Form S-1 to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). For the avoidance of doubt, Common Stock shall include any class or series of Common Stock of the Company created subsequent to the date hereof including any class or series into which the existing Common Stock of the Company is convertible.

 

In consideration of the agreement by the Underwriters to offer and sell the Shares, and of other good and valuable consideration the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the undersigned agrees that, during the period beginning from the date of this lock-up agreement (the “Lock-Up Agreement”) and continuing to and including the date 180 days after the Public Offering date (the “Public Offering Date”) set forth on the final prospectus (the “Prospectus”) used to sell the Shares (the “Lock-Up Period”), the undersigned will not offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge, grant any option to purchase, make any short sale or otherwise dispose of, or publicly disclose an intention to take any such actions with respect to, any shares of Common Stock of the Company, or any options or warrants to purchase any shares of Common Stock of the Company, or any securities convertible into, exchangeable for or that represent the right to receive shares of Common Stock of the Company, whether now owned or hereinafter acquired, owned directly by the undersigned (including holding as a custodian) or with respect to which the undersigned has beneficial ownership within the rules and regulations of the SEC (collectively the “Undersigned’s Shares”). The foregoing restriction is expressly agreed to preclude the undersigned from engaging in any hedging or other transaction which is designed to or which reasonably could be expected to lead to or result in a sale or disposition of the Undersigned’s Shares even if such

 


 

Shares would be disposed of by someone other than the undersigned. Such prohibited hedging or other transactions would include without limitation any short sale or any purchase, sale or grant of any right (including without limitation any put or call option) with respect to any of the Undersigned’s Shares or with respect to any security that includes, relates to, or derives any significant part of its value from such Shares.  If the undersigned is an officer or director of the Company, the undersigned further agrees that the foregoing provisions shall be equally applicable to any Company-directed Shares the undersigned may purchase in the Public Offering. In addition, the undersigned agrees that, without the prior written consent of the Representative on behalf of the Underwriters, it will not, during the Lock-Up Period, make any demand for or exercise any right with respect to, the registration of any of the Undersigned’s Shares.

 

If the undersigned is an officer or director of the Company, (i) the Representative agrees that, at least three business days before the effective date of any release or waiver of the foregoing restrictions in connection with a transfer of shares of Common Stock, the Representative will notify the Company of the impending release or waiver, and (ii) the Company has agreed or will agree in the Underwriting Agreement to announce the impending release or waiver by press release through a major news service at least two business days before the effective date of the release or waiver, if required by FINRA Rule 5131 (or any successor provision thereto).  Any release or waiver granted by the Representative hereunder to any such officer or director shall only be effective two business days after the publication date of such press release.  The provisions of this paragraph will not apply if (a) the release or waiver is effected solely to permit a transfer not for consideration and (b) the transferee has agreed in writing to be bound by the same terms described in this Lock-Up Agreement to the extent and for the duration that such terms remain in effect at the time of the transfer.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the undersigned may:

 

(a) transfer the Undersigned’s Shares:

 

(i) as a bona fide gift or gifts, or for bona fide estate planning purposes, provided any such transfer shall not involve a disposition for value,

 

(ii) to any member of the undersigned’s immediate family (as defined below) or to any trust for the direct or indirect benefit of the undersigned or the immediate family of the undersigned, or if the undersigned is a trust, to a trustor or beneficiary of the trust or to the estate of a beneficiary of such trust, provided any such transfer shall not involve a disposition for value,

 

(iii) upon death by will or the laws of intestate succession, provided any such transfer shall not involve a disposition for value,

 

(iv) in connection with the sale of the Undersigned’s Shares acquired (A) from the Underwriters in the Public Offering or (B) in open market transactions after the Public Offering Date,

 

(v) if the undersigned is a corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust or other business entity, (A) to another corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust or other business entity that is an affiliate (as defined in Rule 405 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended) of the undersigned, or to any investment fund or other entity controlling, controlled by, managing or managed by or under common control with the undersigned or

 


 

affiliates of the undersigned (including, for the avoidance of doubt, where the undersigned is a partnership, to its general partner or a successor partnership or fund, or any other funds managed by such partnership), in each case not involving a disposition for value, or (B) as part of a distribution, transfer or disposition without consideration by the undersigned to its stockholders, partners, members or other equity holders,

 

(vi) to the Company in connection with the vesting or settlement of restricted stock units or the “net” or “cashless” exercise of options or other rights to purchase shares of Common Stock, (including any transfer to the Company for the payment of tax withholdings or remittance payments due as a result of the vesting, settlement, or exercise of such restricted stock units, options or rights), in all such cases pursuant to equity awards granted under a stock incentive plan or other equity award plan, which plan is described in the Prospectus, provided that any shares of Common Stock received upon such vesting, settlement or exercise shall be subject to the terms of this Lock-Up Agreement,

 

(vii) to the Company in connection with the repurchase of shares of Common Stock issued pursuant to equity awards granted under a stock incentive plan or other equity award plan, which plan is described in the Prospectus, or pursuant to the agreements pursuant to which such shares were issued, as described in the Prospectus,

 

(viii) pursuant to a bona fide third-party tender offer, merger, consolidation or other similar transaction that is approved by the Board of Directors of the Company and made to all holders of the Company’s capital stock involving a change of control (as defined below) of the Company, provided that in the event that such tender offer, merger, consolidation or other similar transaction is not completed, the Undersigned’s Shares shall remain subject to the provisions of this Lock-Up Agreement,

 

(ix) in connection with the conversion or reclassification of the outstanding preferred stock into shares of Common Stock of the Company, or any reclassification or conversion of the Company’s Common Stock, provided that any such shares of Common Stock received upon such conversion or reclassification shall be subject to the terms of this Lock-Up Agreement,

 

(x) by operation of law, such as pursuant to a qualified domestic order or in connection with a divorce settlement,

 

(xi) to the Underwriters pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement; or

 

(xii) with the prior written consent of the Representative on behalf of the Underwriters.

 

provided, that (A) in the case of (i), (ii), (iii), (v), (x) above, it shall be a condition to the transfer or distribution that the donee, transferee or distributee, as the case may be, agrees in writing to be bound by the restrictions set forth herein, (B) in the case of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), above, no filing under Section 16 of the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or other public filing, report or announcement by or on behalf of the undersigned reporting a reduction in beneficial ownership of shares of Common Stock shall be required or shall be voluntarily made during the Lock-Up Period (other than, with respect to clauses (i), (ii) and (iii) only, any Form 4 filing required to report a conversion of shares into another class of Common Stock in connection with such transaction, provided that such Form 4 shall include a statement to the effect that such transaction reflects the circumstances described in (i), (ii) or (iii) above, as applicable, and that the donee or transferee, as the case may be, has agreed in writing to be bound by the restrictions set forth herein), (C) in the case of (vii) and (x) above, no filing under Section 16 of the Exchange Act,

 


 

or other public filing, report or announcement reporting a reduction in beneficial ownership of shares of Common Stock shall be voluntarily made during the Lock-Up Period and, if the undersigned is required to file a report under Section 16 of the Exchange Act during the Lock-Up Period, the undersigned shall include a statement in such report to the effect that such transfer relates to the circumstances described in (vii) or (x), as applicable, and (D) in the case of (vi) above, no filing under Section 16 of the Exchange Act, or other public filing, report or announcement by or on behalf of the undersigned reporting a reduction in beneficial ownership of shares of Common Stock shall be required or shall be voluntarily made within 90 days after the Public Offering Date, and after such 90th day, if the undersigned is required to file a report under Section 16 of the Exchange Act during the Lock-Up Period, the undersigned shall include a statement in such report to the effect that (1) such transfer relates to the circumstances described in (vi), (2) no shares were sold by the reporting person and (3) the shares received upon such vesting, settlement or exercise are subject to a lock-up agreement with the Underwriters of the Public Offering; or

 

(b) enter into a written plan meeting the requirements of Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act after the date of this Lock-Up Agreement relating to the transfer, sale or other disposition of the Undersigned’s Shares, if then permitted by the Company, provided that the securities subject to such plan may not be transferred until after the expiration of the Lock-Up Period and no public announcement or filing under the Exchange Act, or any other public filing or announcement, shall be required or shall be voluntarily made regarding the establishment of such plan during the Lock-Up Period.

 

For purposes of this Lock-Up Agreement, “immediate family” shall mean any relationship by blood, marriage, domestic partnership or adoption, not more remote than first cousin.

 

For purposes of this Lock-Up Agreement, “change of control” shall mean the transfer (whether by tender offer, merger, consolidation or other similar transaction), in one transaction or a series of related transactions, to a “person” (as defined in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act) or group of persons (other than the Company) of the Company’s voting securities if, after such transfer, such person or group of affiliated persons would become the beneficial owner (as defined in Rules 13d-3 and 13d-5 of the Exchange Act) of more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Company (or the surviving entity).

 

In addition, and notwithstanding the provisions of the second paragraph of this Lock-Up Agreement, if (i) the Lock-Up Period is scheduled to end during a Blackout Period (as defined below) or within five Trading Days (as defined below) prior to a Blackout Period and (ii) the Company shall have publicly released its earnings results for the quarterly period during which the Public Offering occurred, the Lock-Up Period shall end 10 Trading Days prior to the commencement of the Blackout Period; provided, that in no event may the Lock-Up Period end prior to 120 days after the Public Offering Date. In the event that 10 Trading Days (referred to in clause (ii) of this paragraph) prior to the commencement of the Blackout Period is earlier than 120 days after the Public Offering Date, the Lock-Up Period shall end on the 120th day after the Public Offering date but only if such 120th day is at least five Trading Days prior to the commencement of the Blackout Period (and, if not, then the provisions of the second paragraph of this Lock-Up Agreement shall remain in place). Any expiration of the Lock-Up Period prior to the 180th day after the Public Offering Date pursuant to this paragraph shall be referred to as a “Blackout-Related Release”. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a Blackout-Related Release shall not occur unless the Company shall have announced the date of the Blackout-Related Release through a major news

 


 

service, or on a Form 8-K, at least five Trading Days in advance of the Blackout-Related Release. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company may elect, by written notice to the Representative at least 15 Trading Days prior to a Blackout-Related Release, that no Blackout-Related Release will occur. For purposes of this paragraph, a “Trading Day” is a day on which the New York Stock Exchange and the Nasdaq Stock Market are open for the buying and selling of securities. For purposes of this Lock-Up Agreement, “Blackout Period” shall mean a broadly applicable period during which trading in the Company’s securities would not be permitted under the Company’s insider trading policy. The Representative acknowledges and agrees to keep confidential any notice or other information provided to it by the Company under this paragraph until such information has been publicly announced by the Company through a major news service or on a Form 8-K.

 

The undersigned now has, and, except as contemplated by clause (a) above, for the duration of this Lock-Up Agreement will have, good and marketable title to the Undersigned’s Shares, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, and claims whatsoever.  The undersigned also agrees and consents to the entry of stop transfer instructions with the Company’s transfer agent and registrar against the transfer of the Undersigned’s Shares except in compliance with the foregoing restrictions.

 

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, this Lock-Up Agreement will automatically terminate and the undersigned will be released from all obligations hereunder upon the earliest to occur, if any, of (i) the Company advises the Representative in writing that it has determined not to proceed with the Public Offering, (ii) the Company files an application with the SEC to withdraw the registration statement related to the Public Offering, (iii) the Underwriting Agreement is executed but is terminated (other than the provisions thereof which survive termination) prior to payment for and delivery of the Shares to be sold thereunder, or (iv) June 30, 2019, in the event that the Underwriting Agreement has not been executed by such date (provided that the Company may by written notice to the undersigned prior to June 30, 2019 extend such date for a period of up to an additional 90 days).

 

The undersigned hereby consents to receipt of this Lock-Up Agreement in electronic form and understands and agrees that this Lock-Up Agreement may be signed electronically. In the event that any signature is delivered by facsimile transmission, electronic mail, or otherwise by electronic transmission evidencing an intent to sign this Lock-Up Agreement, such facsimile transmission, electronic mail or other electronic transmission shall create a valid and binding obligation of the undersigned with the same force and effect as if such signature were an original. Execution and delivery of this Lock-Up Agreement by facsimile transmission, electronic mail or other electronic transmission is legal, valid and binding for all purposes.

 

The undersigned understands that the Company and the Underwriters are relying upon this Lock-Up Agreement in proceeding toward consummation of the Public Offering.  The undersigned further understands that this Lock-Up Agreement is irrevocable and shall be binding upon the undersigned’s heirs, legal representatives, successors, and assigns.

 

This Lock-Up Agreement and any claim, controversy or dispute arising under or related to this Lock-Up Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.

 

[Signature Page Follows]

 


 

 

Very truly yours,

 

 

 

 

 

Name of Securityholder (Print exact name)

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Signature

 

 

 

 

 

If not signing in an individual capacity:

 

 

 

 

 

Name of Authorized Signatory (Print)

 

 

 

 

 

Title of Authorized Signatory (Print)

 

 

 

(indicate capacity of person signing if signing as custodian, trustee or on behalf of an entity)

 




Exhibit 3.1

 

AMENDED AND RESTATED

CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION

OF

CROWDSTRIKE HOLDINGS, INC.

 

CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc., a corporation organized and existing under and by virtue of the provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”), hereby certifies as follows:

 

1.                                      The name of the corporation is CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc. The corporation’s original Certificate of Incorporation was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on November 7, 2011.

 

2.                                      This Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation was duly adopted in accordance with Sections 242 and 245 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, and has been duly approved by the written consent of the stockholders of the Corporation in accordance with Section 228 of the DGCL.

 

3.                                      The text of the Certificate of Incorporation is hereby amended and restated to read in its entirety as follows:

 

ARTICLE I

 

The name of the corporation (the “Corporation”) is: CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.

 

ARTICLE II

 

The address of the registered office of the Corporation in the State of Delaware is Corporation Service Company, 251 Little Falls Drive, Wilmington, in the county of New Castle, Delaware 19808. The name of the registered agent of the Corporation at such address is Corporation Service Company.

 

ARTICLE III

 

The nature of the business or purposes to be conducted or promoted is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the DGCL.

 

ARTICLE IV

 

The total number of shares of all classes of stock which the Corporation shall have authority to issue is 220,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0005 per share (“Common Stock”); and 137,418,875 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0005 per share (“Preferred Stock”), 52,300,000 of which are designated “Series A-1 Convertible Preferred Stock” (the “Series A-1 Preferred Stock”), 21,523,118 of which are designated “Series B Convertible Preferred Stock” (the “Series B Preferred Stock”), 22,275,128 of which are designated “Series C Convertible Preferred Stock” (the “Series C Preferred Stock”), 17,569,969 of which are designated “Series D Convertible Preferred Stock” (the “Series D Preferred Stock”), 5,393,976 of which are designated “Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock” (the “Series D-1 Preferred Stock”), 14,579,598 of which are designated “Series E Convertible Preferred Stock” (the “Series E Preferred Stock”) and 3,777,086 of which are designated “Series E-1 Convertible Preferred Stock” (the “Series E-1 Preferred Stock”).

 

A.                                    COMMON STOCK

 

1.                                      General. The voting, dividend and liquidation rights of the holders of the Common Stock are subject to and qualified by the rights, powers and preferences of the holders of the Preferred Stock set forth herein.

 


 

2.                                      Voting. The holders of Common Stock are entitled to one vote for each share of Common Stock held by them at all meetings of stockholders (and actions taken by written consent in lieu of meetings) at which holders of Common Stock are entitled to vote; provided, however, that the number of authorized shares of Common Stock may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding) by (in addition to any vote of the holders of one or more series of Preferred Stock that may be required by the terms of the Certificate of Incorporation) the affirmative vote of the holders of shares of capital stock of the Corporation representing a majority of the votes represented by all outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote, irrespective of the provisions of Section 242(b)(2) of the DGCL, and the holders of Common Stock shall not be entitled to any separate class vote in connection with any such increase or decrease of the aggregate number of authorized shares of Common Stock.

 

B.                                    PREFERRED STOCK

 

The Preferred Stock has the following rights, preferences, powers, privileges and restrictions, qualifications and limitations. Unless otherwise indicated, references to “Sections” or “Subsections” in this Part B of this Article IV refer to sections and subsections of Part B of this Article IV.

 

1.                                      Dividends. The Corporation shall not declare, pay or set aside any dividends on shares of Common Stock (other than dividends on shares of Common Stock payable solely in shares of Common Stock) unless (in addition to the obtaining of any consents required elsewhere in the Certificate of Incorporation) the holders of the Preferred Stock then outstanding shall first receive, or simultaneously receive, a dividend on each outstanding share of Preferred Stock in an amount at least equal to (i) in the case of a dividend on Common Stock or any class or series that is convertible into Common Stock, that dividend per share of Preferred Stock as would equal the product of (a) the dividend payable on each share of such class or series determined, if applicable, as if all shares of such class or series had been converted into Common Stock pursuant to Section 4.1 and (b) the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of one share of Preferred Stock pursuant to Section 4.1, in each case calculated on the record date for determination of holders entitled to receive such dividend or (ii) in the case of a dividend on any class or series that is not convertible into Common Stock, at a rate per share of Preferred Stock determined by (a) dividing the amount of the dividend payable on each share of such class or series of capital stock by the original issuance price of such class or series of capital stock (subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, combination or other similar recapitalization with respect to such class or series) and (b) multiplying such fraction by an amount equal to (i) with respect to the Series A-1 Preferred Stock, the Series A-1 Original Issue Price, (ii) with respect to the Series B Preferred Stock, the Series B Original Issue Price, (iii) with respect to the Series C Preferred Stock, the Series C Original Issue Price, (iv) with respect to the Series D Preferred Stock, the Series D Original Issue Price, (v) with respect to the Series D-1 Preferred Stock, the Series D-1 Original Issue Price, and (vi) with respect to the Series E Preferred Stock and the Series E-1 Preferred Stock, the Series E/E-1 Original Issue Price. The “Series A-1 Original Issue Price” shall mean $0.50 per share, subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, stock distribution or combination, subdivision, reclassification or other corporate actions having the similar effect with respect to the Series A-1 Preferred Stock. The “Series B Original Issue Price” shall mean $1.405000075 per share, subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, stock distribution or combination, subdivision, reclassification or other corporate actions having the similar effect with respect to the Series B Preferred Stock. The “Series C Original Issue Price” shall mean $4.529715 per share, subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, stock distribution or combination, subdivision, reclassification or other corporate actions having the similar effect with respect to the Series C Preferred Stock. The “Series D Original Issue Price” shall mean $5.69153 per share, subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, stock distribution or combination, subdivision, reclassification or other corporate actions having the similar effect with respect to the Series D Preferred Stock. The “Series D-1 Original Issue Price” shall mean $5.69153 per share, subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, stock distribution

 

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or combination, subdivision, reclassification or other corporate actions having the similar effect with respect to the Series D-1 Preferred Stock. The “Series E/E-1 Original Issue Price” shall mean $16.46136 per share, subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, stock distribution or combination, subdivision, reclassification or other corporate actions having the similar effect with respect to the Series E Preferred Stock and Series E-1 Preferred Stock. The Series A-1 Original Issue Price, the Series B Original Issue Price, the Series C Original Issue Price, the Series D Original Issue Price, the Series D-1 Original Issue Price and the Series E/E-1 Original Issue Price are each an “Original Issue Price.”

 

2.                                      Liquidation, Dissolution or Winding Up.

 

2.1                               Preferred Stock Liquidation Preference. In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation (including a Deemed Liquidation Event (as defined below)), the assets of the Corporation available for distribution to the stockholders shall be distributed to the holders of Preferred Stock as follows:

 

2.1.1                     The holders of Series A-1 Preferred Stock then outstanding shall be entitled to be paid on a senior basis to all other shares of capital stock (but on a pari passu basis with the other holders of Preferred Stock) out of the assets of the Corporation available for distribution to its stockholders before any payment shall be made to the holders of other shares of capital stock by reason of their ownership thereof, a per share amount in cash equal to the greater of (a) two (2) times the Series A-1 Original Issue Price, plus any dividends declared but unpaid thereon and (b) such amount per share as would have been payable had all shares of Series A-1 Preferred Stock been converted into Common Stock pursuant to Section 4.1 immediately prior to such liquidation, dissolution or winding up (the amount payable pursuant to this sentence is hereinafter referred to as the “Series A-1 Liquidation Amount”). The holders of Series B Preferred Stock then outstanding shall be entitled to be paid on a senior basis to all other shares of capital stock (but on a pari passu basis with the other holders of Preferred Stock) out of the assets of the Corporation available for distribution to its stockholders before any payment shall be made to the holders of other shares of capital stock by reason of their ownership thereof, a per share amount in cash equal to the greater of (a) one (1) times the Series B Original Issue Price, plus any dividends declared but unpaid thereon and (b) such amount per share as would have been payable had all shares of Series B Preferred Stock been converted into Common Stock pursuant to Section 4.1 immediately prior to such liquidation, dissolution or winding up (the amount payable pursuant to this sentence is hereinafter referred to as the “Series B Liquidation Amount”). The holders of Series C Preferred Stock then outstanding shall be entitled to be paid on a senior basis to all other shares of capital stock (but on a pari passu basis with the other holders of Preferred Stock) out of the assets of the Corporation available for distribution to its stockholders before any payment shall be made to the holders of other shares of capital stock by reason of their ownership thereof, a per share amount in cash equal to the greater of (a) one (1) times the Series C Original Issue Price, plus any dividends declared but unpaid thereon and (b) such amount per share as would have been payable had all shares of Series C Preferred Stock been converted into Common Stock pursuant to Section 4.1 immediately prior to such liquidation, dissolution or winding up (the amount payable pursuant to this sentence is hereinafter referred to as the “Series C Liquidation Amount”). The holders of Series D Preferred Stock then outstanding shall be entitled to be paid on a senior basis to all other shares of capital stock (but on a pari passu basis with the other holders of Preferred Stock) out of the assets of the Corporation available for distribution to its stockholders before any payment shall be made to the holders of other shares of capital stock by reason of their ownership thereof, a per share amount in cash equal to the greater of (a) one and one-quarter (1.25) times the Series D Original Issue Price, plus any dividends declared but unpaid thereon and (b) such amount per share as would have been payable had all shares of Series D Preferred Stock been converted into Common Stock pursuant to Section 4.1 immediately prior to such liquidation, dissolution or winding up (the amount payable pursuant to this sentence is hereinafter referred to as the “Series D Liquidation Amount”). The holders of Series D-1 Preferred Stock then outstanding shall be entitled to be paid on a senior basis to all other shares of capital stock (but on a pari passu basis with the other holders of

 

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Preferred Stock) out of the assets of the Corporation available for distribution to its stockholders before any payment shall be made to the holders of other shares of capital stock by reason of their ownership thereof, a per share amount in cash equal to the greater of (a) one (1) times the Series D-1 Original Issue Price, plus any dividends declared but unpaid thereon and (b) such amount per share as would have been payable had all shares of Series D-1 Preferred Stock been converted into Common Stock pursuant to Section 4.1 immediately prior to such liquidation, dissolution or winding up (the amount payable pursuant to this sentence is hereinafter referred to as the “Series D-1 Liquidation Amount”). The holders of Series E Preferred Stock and Series E-1 Preferred Stock then outstanding shall be entitled to be paid on a senior basis to all other shares of capital stock (but on a pari passu basis with the other holders of Preferred Stock) out of the assets of the Corporation available for distribution to its stockholders before any payment shall be made to the holders of other shares of capital stock by reason of their ownership thereof, a per share amount in cash equal to the greater of (a) one (1) times the Series E/E-1 Original Issue Price, plus any dividends declared but unpaid thereon and (b) such amount per share as would have been payable had all shares of Series E Preferred Stock and Series E-1 Preferred Stock been converted into Common Stock pursuant to Section 4.1 immediately prior to such liquidation, dissolution or winding up (the amount payable pursuant to this sentence is hereinafter referred to as the “Series E/E-1 Liquidation Amount”).

 

2.1.2                     Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 2.1.1 above, if upon any such liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation (including a Deemed Liquidation Event), the assets of the Corporation available for distribution to its stockholders shall be insufficient to pay the holders of Preferred Stock the full amount to which they shall be entitled under Section 2.1.1 above, the assets available for distribution shall be distributed as follows:

 

(a)                                 first, the holders of Series A-1 Preferred Stock, the holders of Series B Preferred Stock, the holders of Series C Preferred Stock, the holders of Series D Preferred Stock, the holders of Series D-1 Preferred Stock, the holders of Series E Preferred Stock and the holders of Series E-1 Preferred Stock shall share ratably in any distribution of the assets available for distribution in proportion to (1) the aggregate Original Issue Price paid for all shares of Preferred Stock (using for purposes of this calculation, one and one-quarter (1.25) times the Series D Original Issue Price in the case of shares of Series D Preferred Stock) held by such holder immediately prior to such liquidation, dissolution or winding up to (2) the aggregate Original Issue Price for all outstanding shares of Preferred Stock (using for purposes of this calculation, one and one-quarter (1.25) times the Series D Original Issue Price in the case of shares of Series D Preferred Stock) (the “Aggregate Outstanding Original Issue Price”) immediately prior to such liquidation, dissolution or winding up; provided, that, the total amount payable under this Section 2.1.2(a) shall not exceed the Aggregate Outstanding Original Issue Price; and

 

(b)                                 second, once an amount equal to the Aggregate Outstanding Original Issue Price is paid pursuant to 2.1.2(a) above, the remaining assets available for distribution to the stockholders shall be paid to the holders of Series A-1 Preferred Stock ratably in proportion to the (1) number of shares of Series A-1 Preferred Stock held by such holder immediately prior to such liquidation, dissolution or winding up to (2) the number of outstanding shares of Series A-1 Preferred Stock immediately prior to such liquidation, dissolution or winding up; provided, that, as a result of distributions pursuant to Section 2.1.2(a) above and this Section 2.1.2(b), the holders of shares of Series A-1 Preferred Stock shall not receive more than two (2) times the Series A-1 Original Issue Price per share.

 

(c)                                  The obligation to pay the Series A-1 Liquidation Amount, Series B Liquidation Amount, Series C Liquidation Amount, Series D Liquidation Amount, Series D-1 Liquidation Amount and Series E/E-1 Liquidation Amount in cash may be waived in writing by the holders of at least 55% of the outstanding shares of Preferred Stock voting together as a single class and on an as-converted basis (a “Supermajority”), provided, however, that (i) if such waiver would result in payment to the holders of Series C Preferred Stock of an amount less than one (1) times the Series C Original Issue Price in respect of such shares of Series C Preferred Stock, then such waiver shall also require the written consent of the holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of Series C Preferred Stock, (ii) if such waiver

 

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would result in payment to the holders of Series D Preferred Stock of an amount less than one and one-quarter (1.25) times the Series D Original Issue Price in respect of such shares of Series D Preferred Stock, then such waiver shall also require the written consent of the holders of at least 55% of the outstanding shares of Series D Preferred Stock, voting as a separate class, which holders must include each of the Accel Partners Entities that hold Series D Preferred Stock (the “Series D Supermajority”), (iii) if such waiver would result in payment to the holders of Series D-1 Preferred Stock of an amount less than one (1) times the Series D-1 Original Issue Price in respect of such shares of Series D-1 Preferred Stock, then such waiver shall also require the written consent of the holders of at least 55% of the outstanding shares of Series D-1 Preferred Stock, voting as a separate class (the “Series D-1 Supermajority”), and (iv) if such waiver would result in payment to the holders of Series E Preferred Stock or Series E-1 Preferred Stock of an amount less than one (1) times the Series E/E-1 Original Issue Price in respect of such shares of Series E Preferred Stock or Series E-1 Preferred Stock, then such waiver shall also require the written consent of the holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of Series E Preferred Stock and Series E-1 Preferred Stock, voting together as a separate class.

 

2.2                               Distribution of Remaining Assets. In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation (including a Deemed Liquidation Event), after the payment of all preferential amounts required to be paid to the holders of Preferred Stock, the remaining assets of the Corporation available for distribution to its stockholders shall be distributed among the holders of Common Stock (which shall include shares of restricted Common Stock only to the extent such shares are vested), pro rata based on the number of shares held by each such holder.

 

2.3                               Deemed Liquidation Events.

 

2.3.1                     Definition. Unless waived in writing (i) by the holders of a Supermajority of the outstanding shares of Preferred Stock voting together as a single class and on an as-converted basis, (ii) in the event of a waiver with respect to a transaction that would result in payment to the holders of Series D Preferred Stock of an amount less than one and one-quarter (1.25) times the Series D Original Issue Price in respect of such shares of Series D Preferred Stock, also by the Series D Supermajority, (iii) in the event of a waiver with respect to a transaction that would result in payment to the holders of Series D-1 Preferred Stock of an amount less than one (1) times the Series D-1 Original Issue Price in respect of such shares of Series D-1 Preferred Stock, also by the Series D-1 Supermajority, and (iv) in the event of a waiver with respect to a transaction that would result in payment to the holders of Series E Preferred Stock or Series E-1 Preferred Stock of an amount less than one (1) times the Series E/E-1 Original Issue Price in respect of such shares of Series E Preferred Stock or Series E-1 Preferred Stock, also by the holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of Series E Preferred Stock and Series E-1 Preferred Stock, voting together as a separate class, each of the following events shall be considered a “Deemed Liquidation Event”:

 

(a)                                 a merger or consolidation in which (i) the Corporation is a constituent party or (ii) a subsidiary of the Corporation is a constituent party and the Corporation issues shares of its capital stock or other securities pursuant to such merger or consolidation, except any such merger or consolidation involving the Corporation or a subsidiary of the Corporation in which the shares of capital stock of the Corporation outstanding immediately prior to such merger or consolidation continue to represent, or are converted into or exchanged for shares of capital stock or other equity securities that represent, immediately following such merger or consolidation, at least a majority, by voting power, of the capital stock or other equity securities of (1) the surviving or resulting corporation, limited liability company, partnership, association, joint-stock corporation, trust or other form of business entity (each sometimes referred to herein as a “Party” or “Person”) or (2) if the surviving or resulting Party is a wholly owned subsidiary of another Party immediately following such merger or consolidation, the parent entity of such surviving or resulting Party; or

 

(b)                                 the sale, lease, transfer, exclusive license or other disposition, in a single transaction or series of related transactions, by the Corporation or any subsidiary of the Corporation of all

 

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or substantially all the assets of the Corporation and its subsidiaries taken as a whole, or the sale or disposition (whether by merger or otherwise) of one or more subsidiaries of the Corporation if substantially all of the assets of the Corporation and its subsidiaries taken as a whole are held by such subsidiary or subsidiaries, except where such sale, lease, transfer, exclusive license or other disposition is to a direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Corporation.

 

2.3.2                     Amount Deemed Paid or Distributed. The amount deemed paid or distributed to the holders of capital stock of the Corporation upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation, including any Deemed Liquidation Event, shall be the cash or the value of the property, rights or securities paid or distributed to such holders by the Corporation or the acquiring individual or Person. The value of such property, rights or securities shall be determined in good faith by the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the “Board”), without giving effect to any discount for lack of liquidity, control or any similar matter or any transfer or other contractual or other restrictions applicable thereto.

 

2.3.3                     Allocation of Escrow. In the event of a Deemed Liquidation Event pursuant to Section 2.3.1(a)(i), if any portion of the consideration payable to the stockholders of the Corporation is placed into escrow and/or is payable to the stockholders of the Corporation subject to contingencies, the merger agreement for such transaction shall provide that (a) the portion of such consideration that is not placed in escrow and not subject to any contingencies (the “Initial Consideration”) shall be allocated among the holders of capital stock of the Corporation in accordance with Sections 2.1 and 2.2 as if the Initial Consideration were the only consideration payable in connection with such Deemed Liquidation Event and (b) any additional consideration which becomes payable to the stockholders of the Corporation upon release from escrow or satisfaction of contingencies shall be allocated among the holders of capital stock of the Corporation in accordance with Sections 2.1 and 2.2 after taking into account the previous payment of the Initial Consideration as part of the same transaction.

 

3.                                      Voting.

 

3.1                               General. On any matter presented to the stockholders of the Corporation for their action or consideration at any meeting of stockholders of the Corporation (or by written consent of stockholders in lieu of a meeting), each holder of outstanding shares of Series A-1 Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, Series D-1 Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock (the “Voting Preferred Stock”) shall be entitled to cast the number of votes equal to the number of whole shares of Common Stock into which the shares of Voting Preferred Stock held by such holder are convertible pursuant to Section 4.1 as of the record date for determining stockholders entitled to vote on such matter. Except as provided by the DGCL or other applicable law or by the other provisions of this Certificate of Incorporation, holders of Voting Preferred Stock shall vote together with the holders of Common Stock as a single class on all matters. For the avoidance of doubt, the Series E-1 Preferred Stock shall be non-voting shares and shall not be entitled to vote on any matter that this Certificate of Incorporation shall specify that only the holders of Voting Preferred Stock are entitled to vote, except to the extent that the holders of Series E-1 Preferred Stock are required to vote on such matter under applicable law. For further clarity, the holders of Series E-1 Preferred Stock shall be entitled to vote on any matter for which this Certificate of Incorporation shall specify that the holders of Preferred Stock are entitled to vote, unless explicitly provided otherwise in this Certificate of Incorporation (and in such case, only unless otherwise required under applicable law). With respect to any matter on which the holders of Series E-1 Preferred Stock are entitled to vote under this Certificate of Incorporation or required to vote under applicable law, each holder of outstanding shares of Series E-1 Preferred Stock shall be entitled to cast the number of votes equal to the number of whole shares of Common Stock into which the shares of Series E-1 Preferred Stock held by such holder are convertible pursuant to Section 4.1 as of the record date for determining stockholders entitled to vote on such matter.

 

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3.2                               Election of Directors.

 

3.2.1                     The number of directors that constitute the Board shall be determined in the manner provided in Article VI of this Certificate of Incorporation; provided that upon a Redemption Default Event (as defined herein), the number of directors that may serve on the Board shall be expanded to such number of directors required such that the holders of a majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares of Voting Preferred Stock shall have the right, but not the obligation, exclusively and as a separate class, at any time while the Redemption Default Event is continuing, to elect a majority of the directors of the Corporation.

 

3.2.2                     The holders of record of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of Series A-1 Preferred Stock, exclusively and as a separate class, shall be entitled to elect three (3) directors of the Corporation (each a “Series A-1 Director” and together the “Series A-1 Directors”).

 

3.2.3                     The holders of record of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock, exclusively and as a separate class, shall be entitled to elect one (1) director of the Corporation (the “Series B Director”).

 

3.2.4                     The holders of record of a majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares of Common Stock and Voting Preferred Stock and of any other class or series of voting stock (excluding, for the avoidance of doubt, the Series E-1 Preferred Stock), voting together as a single class, shall be entitled to elect the balance of the total number of directors of the Corporation (the “Additional Directors”); provided, however, that upon a Redemption Default Event, the number of Additional Directors may not be increased to a number of Additional Directors in excess of the Additional Directors existing prior to the Redemption Default Event.

 

3.2.5                     Any director elected pursuant to Sections 3.2.2, 3.2.3 or 3.2.4 may be removed with or without cause by, and only by, the affirmative vote of the holders of the shares of capital stock entitled to elect such director or directors, given either at a special meeting of such stockholders duly called for that purpose or pursuant to a written consent of such stockholders. If the holders of shares of a class, classes or series of capital stock fail to elect a sufficient number of directors to fill all directorships for which they are entitled to elect directors, voting pursuant to this Section 3.2, then any directorship not so filled shall remain vacant until such time as the holders of such class, classes or series of capital stock elect a person to fill such directorship by vote or written consent in lieu of a meeting; and no such directorship may be filled by the Board or the stockholders of the Corporation other than by the stockholders of the Corporation that are entitled to elect a person to fill such directorship, voting pursuant to this Section 3.2. At any meeting held for the purpose of electing a director, the presence in person or by proxy of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of the class or series entitled to elect such director shall constitute a quorum for the purpose of electing such director. Except as otherwise provided in this Section 3.2, a vacancy in any directorship filled by the holders of any class or series shall be filled only by vote or written consent in lieu of a meeting of the holders of such class or series or by any remaining director or directors elected by the holders of such class or series pursuant to this Section 3.2. There shall be no cumulative voting. The Corporation and each stockholder of the Corporation shall be obligated to take or cause to be taken all action necessary to ensure at all times following the Series A-1 Original Issue Date that the organizational documents of the Corporation and its subsidiaries (including this Certification of Incorporation and the Bylaws of the Corporation) are not inconsistent with or in any way limit the provisions of this Section 3.2.

 

3.3                               Preferred Stock Protective Provisions. The Corporation shall not, and shall not permit any subsidiary to, either directly or indirectly, by amendment, merger, consolidation or otherwise, do any of the following without (in addition to any other vote required by the DGCL or this Certificate of Incorporation) the written consent or affirmative vote of the holders of at least a Supermajority of the then outstanding shares of Preferred Stock, given in writing or by vote at a meeting, consenting or voting (as the case may be) together as a single class and on an as-converted basis:

 

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(a)                                 liquidate, dissolve or wind-up the business and affairs of the Corporation or any subsidiary, effect any Deemed Liquidation Event or any reorganization, recapitalization, reclassification, consolidation or merger or consent to any of the foregoing;

 

(b)                                 make any acquisition (whether by merger, stock purchase, asset purchase or otherwise) of another business or Person involving the payment, contribution or assignment by or to the Corporation or its subsidiaries of money or assets (i) greater than $500,000 but less than $5,000,000, unless approved by the Board, including the approval of at least one Series A-1 Director, or (ii) greater than $5,000,000;

 

(c)                                  amend, change, waive, alter or repeal any provision of this Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws of the Corporation or the organizational documents of any subsidiary;

 

(d)                                 create, or authorize the creation of, or issue or obligate itself to issue shares of capital stock or any securities convertible or exchangeable into capital stock, including any additional class or series of capital stock or any additional shares of Preferred Stock, or any debt security (except (i) as contemplated by the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated on or about the Series E/E-1 Original Issue Date, by and among the Corporation and certain stockholders of the Corporation (as the same may be amended from time to time, the “Purchase Agreement”), (ii) for the issuance of additional shares of Common Stock pursuant to the exercise of stock options granted pursuant to stock option, stock bonus, stock incentive or similar plans that have been approved by the Board (including the approval of least one Series A-1 Director) or (iii) in the case of a direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Corporation, for the issuance of shares of capital stock or other securities to the Corporation or another direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Corporation), or increase or decrease the authorized number of shares of any class or series of capital stock or other securities or reclassify, alter or amend any security of the Corporation or any subsidiary;

 

(e)                                  create, or hold capital stock or other securities in, any subsidiary or other Person that is not wholly owned (whether directly or through one or more other subsidiaries) by the Corporation or permit any subsidiary to create, or authorize the creation of, or issue or obligate itself to issue shares of, any class or series of capital stock or other securities (except in the case of a direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Corporation, for the issuance of shares of capital stock or other securities to the Corporation or another direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Corporation);

 

(f)                                   purchase or redeem (or permit any subsidiary to purchase or redeem) or pay or declare any dividend or make any distribution on, any debt security or shares of capital stock or other securities of the Corporation or any subsidiary other than (i) as required to consummate the Redemption pursuant to Section 6, (ii) repurchases of stock from former employees, officers, directors, consultants or other persons who performed services for the Corporation or any subsidiary in connection with the cessation of such employment or service at the lower of the original purchase price or the then-current fair market value thereof, or (iii) as approved by the Board, including the approval of at least one Series A-1 Director ((i), (ii) and (iii) above together, the “Permitted Repurchases”);

 

(g)                                  (i) except as contemplated by the annual budget approved by the Board, including the approval of at least one Series A-1 Director, create, or authorize the creation of, or issue, or authorize the issuance of or guarantee any debt security, or permit any subsidiary to take any such action with respect to any debt security, or (ii) incur or agree to incur or enter into any agreement permitting the Corporation or its subsidiaries to incur or guarantee, indebtedness for borrowed money in excess of $10,000,000 in the aggregate, or (iii) amend, modify, waive or otherwise alter the terms of any agreement governing the terms of any material indebtedness of the Corporation or any subsidiary, unless such amendment, modification, waiver or alteration has been approved by the Board, including the approval of at least one Series A-1 Director;

 

(h)                                 except as permitted by the annual budget approved by the Board, including the approval of at least one Series A-1 Director, spend or commit to spend in excess of an aggregate of

 

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$500,000 in expenditures that are or should be classified as “capital expenditures” for generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in any fiscal year;

 

(i)                                     increase the number of shares reserved for issuance under any of the Corporation’s 2011 Stock Incentive Plan or other stock option, stock bonus or stock incentive plans or adopt, authorize or approve any stock option, stock bonus, stock incentive or similar plan or arrangement (other than the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan) for the benefit of employees or other service providers of the Corporation or any subsidiary;

 

(j)                                    approve or effect any changes in the Corporation’s or any subsidiary’s accounting methods or policies (other than as required by GAAP), or change the auditors of the Corporation or any subsidiary;

 

(k)                                 pledge, mortgage or otherwise subject to any charge, lien, security interest or other encumbrance on all or substantially all of the assets of the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries;

 

(l)                                     sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of any capital stock or other securities of any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Corporation, or permit any direct or indirect subsidiary to sell, lease, transfer, exclusively license or otherwise dispose (in a single transaction or series of related transactions) of all or substantially all of the assets of such subsidiary (other than to a wholly owned subsidiary of the Corporation or its wholly owned subsidiaries);

 

(m)                             authorize or effect any sale, lease, transfer or other disposition of any assets of the Corporation or any subsidiary in excess of $500,000 (individually or in the aggregate), except (a) for transactions in the ordinary course of the business of the Corporation and its subsidiaries and (b) as permitted by the annual budget approved by the Board, including the approval of at least one Series A-1 Director; or

 

(n)                                 except as contemplated in Section 3.2.1 in connection with a Redemption Default Event to permit the election of additional directors by the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Voting Preferred Stock, increase or decrease the authorized number of directors constituting the Board to greater than or less than seven (7).

 

3.4                               Series B Preferred Stock Protective Provisions. The Corporation shall not, and shall not permit any subsidiary to, either directly or indirectly, by amendment, merger, consolidation or otherwise, do any of the following without (in addition to any other vote required by the DGCL or this Certificate of Incorporation) the written consent or affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the then outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock, given in writing or by vote at a meeting, consenting or voting (as the case may be) as a separate class:

 

(a)                                 amend or waive any provision of this Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws of the Corporation so as to adversely affect the rights, powers or preferences of the Series B Preferred Stock; or

 

(b)                                 issue shares of, or increase or decrease the number of authorized shares of, Series B Preferred Stock.

 

3.5                               Series C Preferred Stock Protective Provisions. The Corporation shall not, and shall not permit any subsidiary to, either directly or indirectly, by amendment, merger, consolidation or otherwise, do any of the following without (in addition to any other vote required by the DGCL or this Certificate of Incorporation) the written consent or affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the then outstanding shares of Series C Preferred Stock, given in writing or by vote at a meeting, consenting or voting (as the case may be) as a separate class:

 

(a)                                 amend or waive any provision of this Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws of the Corporation so as to adversely affect the rights, powers or preferences of the Series C Preferred Stock; or

 

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(b)                                 issue shares of, or increase or decrease the number of authorized shares of, Series C Preferred Stock.

 

3.6                               Series D Preferred Stock Protective Provisions. The Corporation shall not, and shall not permit any subsidiary to, either directly or indirectly, by amendment, merger, consolidation or otherwise, do any of the following without (in addition to any other vote required by the DGCL or this Certificate of Incorporation) the written consent or affirmative vote of the Series D Supermajority, given in writing or by vote at a meeting, consenting or voting (as the case may be) as a separate class:

 

(a)                                 amend or waive any provision of this Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws of the Corporation so as to adversely affect the rights, powers or preferences of the Series D Preferred Stock; or

 

(b)                                 issue shares of, or increase or decrease the number of authorized shares of, Series D Preferred Stock.

 

3.7                               Series D-1 Preferred Stock Protective Provisions. The Corporation shall not, and shall not permit any subsidiary to, either directly or indirectly, by amendment, merger, consolidation or otherwise, do any of the following without (in addition to any other vote required by the DGCL or this Certificate of Incorporation) the written consent or affirmative vote of the Series D-1 Supermajority, given in writing or by vote at a meeting, consenting or voting (as the case may be) as a separate class:

 

(a)                                 amend or waive any provision of this Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws of the Corporation so as to adversely affect the rights, powers or preferences of the Series D-1 Preferred Stock; or

 

(b)                                 issue shares of, or increase or decrease the number of authorized shares of, Series D-1 Preferred Stock.

 

3.8                               Series E/E-1 Preferred Stock Protective Provisions. The Corporation shall not, and shall not permit any subsidiary to, either directly or indirectly, by amendment, merger, consolidation or otherwise, do any of the following without (in addition to any other vote required by the DGCL or this Certificate of Incorporation) the written consent or affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the then outstanding shares of Series E Preferred Stock and Series E-1 Preferred Stock, given in writing or by vote at a meeting, consenting or voting (as the case may be) together as a separate class and on an as-converted to Common Stock basis:

 

(a)                                 amend or waive any provision of this Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws of the Corporation so as to adversely affect the rights, powers or preferences of the Series E Preferred Stock or Series E-1 Preferred Stock; or

 

(b)                                 issue shares of, or increase or decrease the number of authorized shares of, Series E Preferred Stock or Series E-1 Preferred Stock, other than (i) the issuance of shares of Series E Preferred Stock and Series E-1 Preferred Stock pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement and (ii) the issuance of shares of Series E Preferred Stock upon the conversion of Series E-1 Preferred Stock.

 

4.                                      Optional Conversion.

 

The holders of the Preferred Stock shall have conversion rights as follows (the “Conversion Rights”):

 

4.1                               Right to Convert.

 

4.1.1                     Conversion Ratio.

 

(a)                                 Generally. Each share of Preferred Stock shall be convertible, at the option of the holder thereof, at any time and from time to time, and without the payment of additional consideration by the holder thereof, into such number of fully paid and nonassessable shares of Common Stock as is determined by dividing the Series A-1 Original Issue Price, Series B Original Issue Price, Series C

 

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Original Issue Price, Series D Original Issue Price, Series D-1 Original Issue Price, or Series E/E-1 Original Issue Price, as applicable, by the Series A-1 Conversion Price, Series B Conversion Price, Series C Conversion Price, Series D Conversion Price, Series D-1 Conversion Price, or Series E/E-1 Conversion Price, as applicable (as defined below) in effect at the time of conversion.

 

(b)                                 Series E-1 Preferred Stock. In addition to the rights set forth in paragraph (a) above, each share of Series E-1 Preferred Stock shall be convertible, at the option of the holder thereof, at any time and from time to time, and without the payment of additional consideration by the holder thereof, and in lieu of conversion into shares of Common Stock pursuant to paragraph (a) above, into one (1) fully paid and nonassessable share of Series E Preferred Stock.

 

(c)                                  Conversion Price. The “Series A-1 Conversion Price” shall initially be equal to $0.50. Such initial Series A-1 Conversion Price, and the rate at which shares of Series A-1 Preferred Stock may be converted into shares of Common Stock, shall be subject to adjustment as provided below. The “Series B Conversion Price” shall initially be equal to $1.405000075. Such initial Series B Conversion Price, and the rate at which shares of Series B Preferred Stock may be converted into shares of Common Stock, shall be subject to adjustment as provided below. The “Series C Conversion Price” shall initially be equal to $4.529715. Such initial Series C Conversion Price, and the rate at which shares of Series C Preferred Stock may be converted into shares of Common Stock, shall be subject to adjustment as provided below. The “Series D Conversion Price” shall initially be equal to $5.69153. Such initial Series D Conversion Price, and the rate at which shares of Series D Preferred Stock may be converted into shares of Common Stock, shall be subject to adjustment as provided below. The “Series D-1 Conversion Price” shall initially be equal to $5.69153. Such initial Series D-1 Conversion Price, and the rate at which shares of Series D-1 Preferred Stock may be converted into shares of Common Stock, shall be subject to adjustment as provided below. The “Series E/E-1 Conversion Price” shall initially be equal to $16.46136. Such initial Series E/E-1 Conversion Price, and the rate at which shares of Series E Preferred Stock and Series E-1 Preferred Stock may be converted into shares of Common Stock, shall be subject to adjustment as provided below. The “applicable Conversion Price” shall mean the Series A-1 Conversion Price, the Series B Conversion Price, the Series C Conversion Price, the Series D Conversion Price, the Series D-1 Conversion Price, or the Series E/E-1 Conversion Price, as the case may be.

 

4.1.2                           Termination of Conversion Rights. In the event of a notice of redemption of any shares of Preferred Stock pursuant to Section 6, the Conversion Rights of the shares designated for redemption shall terminate at the close of business on the last full day preceding the date fixed for redemption, unless the Redemption Price is not fully paid on such Redemption Date, in which case the Conversion Rights for such shares shall continue until such price is paid in full. In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation or a Deemed Liquidation Event, the Conversion Rights shall terminate at the close of business on the last full day preceding the date fixed for the payment of any such amounts distributable on such event to the holders of Preferred Stock.

 

4.2                               Fractional Shares. No fractional shares of Common Stock shall be issued upon conversion of the Preferred Stock. In lieu of any fractional shares to which the holder would otherwise be entitled, the Corporation shall pay cash equal to such fraction multiplied by the fair market value of a share of Common Stock, as determined in good faith by the Board. Whether or not fractional shares would be issuable upon such conversion shall be determined on the basis of the total number of shares of Preferred Stock the holder is at the time converting into Common Stock and the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon such conversion.

 

4.3                               Mechanics of Conversion.

 

4.3.1                     Notice of Conversion. In order for a holder of Preferred Stock to voluntarily convert shares of Preferred Stock into shares of Common Stock or Series E Preferred Stock, as applicable, such holder shall surrender the certificate or certificates representing such shares of Preferred Stock (or, if such registered holder alleges that such certificate has been lost, stolen or destroyed, a lost certificate affidavit and agreement reasonably acceptable to the Corporation to indemnify

 

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the Corporation against any claim that may be made against the Corporation on account of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of such certificate which agreement shall not require the posting of a bond), at the office of the transfer agent for the Preferred Stock (or at the principal office of the Corporation if the Corporation serves as its own transfer agent), together with written notice that such holder elects to convert all or any number of the shares of the Preferred Stock represented by such certificate or certificates and, if applicable, any event on which such conversion is contingent. Such notice shall state such holder’s name or the names of the nominees in which such holder wishes the certificate or certificates representing shares of Common Stock or Series E Preferred Stock, as applicable, to be issued. For any notice containing an election of a holder to convert one or more shares of Series E-1 Preferred Stock, such notice shall additionally state whether the holder is electing to convert such shares into Series E Preferred Stock and/or Common Stock and the relative amounts thereof. If required by the Corporation, certificates surrendered for conversion shall be endorsed or accompanied by a written instrument or instruments of transfer, in form reasonably satisfactory to the Corporation, duly executed by the registered holder or his, her or its attorney-in-fact duly authorized in writing. The close of business on the date of receipt by the transfer agent (or by the Corporation if the Corporation serves as its own transfer agent) of such certificates (or lost certificate affidavit and agreement) and notice shall be the time of conversion (the “Conversion Time”), and the shares of Common Stock or Series E Preferred Stock, as applicable, issuable upon conversion of the shares represented by such certificate shall be deemed to be outstanding of record as of such date. The Corporation shall, promptly following the Conversion Time, (i) issue and deliver to such holder of Preferred Stock, or to his, her or its nominees, a certificate or certificates representing the number of full shares of Common Stock or Series E Preferred Stock, as applicable, issuable upon such conversion in accordance with the provisions hereof and a certificate representing the number (if any) of the shares of Preferred Stock represented by the surrendered certificate that were not converted into Common Stock or Series E Preferred Stock, as applicable, and (ii) pay in cash such amount as provided in Section 4.2 in lieu of any fraction of a share of Common Stock otherwise issuable upon such conversion.

 

4.3.2                     Reservation of Shares. The Corporation shall at all times when the Preferred Stock shall be outstanding, reserve and keep available out of its authorized but unissued capital stock, for the purpose of effecting the conversion of the Preferred Stock, (i) such number of its duly authorized shares of Common Stock as shall from time to time be sufficient to effect the conversion of all outstanding Preferred Stock, and (ii) such number of its duly authorized shares of Series E Preferred Stock as shall from time to time be sufficient to effect the conversion of all outstanding Series E-1 Preferred Stock; and if at any time the number of authorized but unissued shares of Series E Preferred Stock or Common Stock, as applicable, shall not be sufficient to effect the conversion of all then outstanding shares of the Preferred Stock or Series E-1 Preferred Stock, as applicable, the Corporation shall take such corporate action as may be necessary to increase its authorized but unissued shares of Series E Preferred Stock or Common Stock, as applicable, to such number of shares as shall be sufficient for such purposes, including, without limitation, engaging in best efforts to obtain the requisite stockholder approval of any necessary amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation. Before taking any action which would cause an adjustment reducing the applicable Conversion Price below the then par value of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Preferred Stock, the Corporation will take any corporate action which may, in the opinion of its counsel, be necessary in order that the Corporation may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable shares of Common Stock at such adjusted applicable Conversion Price.

 

4.3.3                     Effect of Conversion. All shares of Preferred Stock which shall have been surrendered for conversion as herein provided shall no longer be deemed to be outstanding and all rights with respect to such shares shall immediately cease and terminate at the Conversion Time, except only the right of the holders thereof to receive shares of Series E Preferred Stock or Common Stock, as applicable, in exchange therefor and to receive payment in lieu of any fraction of a share otherwise issuable upon such conversion as provided in Section 4.2. Any shares of Preferred Stock so converted shall be retired and cancelled and may not be reissued as shares of such series or any other class or series,

 

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and the Corporation may thereafter take such appropriate action (without the need for stockholder action) as may be necessary to reduce the authorized number of shares of Preferred Stock accordingly.

 

4.3.4                     Dividend Rights. Upon an optional conversion to Common Stock pursuant to Section 4.1 or a mandatory conversion to Common Stock pursuant to Section 5.1, any dividends payable on such Preferred Stock that have been declared but remain unpaid, shall be payable to the holder of such shares of Preferred Stock being converted.

 

4.3.5                     Taxes. The Corporation shall pay any and all issue and other similar taxes that may be payable in respect of any issuance or delivery of shares of Common Stock or Series E Preferred Stock, as applicable, upon conversion of shares of Preferred Stock pursuant to this Section 4. The Corporation shall not, however, be required to pay any tax which may be payable in respect of any transfer involved in the issuance and delivery of shares of Common Stock or Series E Preferred Stock, as applicable, in a name other than that in which the shares of Preferred Stock so converted were registered, and no such issuance or delivery shall be made unless and until the person or entity requesting such issuance has paid to the Corporation the amount of any such tax or has established, to the satisfaction of the Corporation, that such tax has been paid.

 

4.4                               Adjustments to Conversion Price for Diluting Issues.

 

4.4.1                     Special Definitions. For purposes of this Article IV, the following definitions shall apply:

 

(a)                                 Additional Shares of Common Stock” shall mean all shares of Common Stock issued (or, pursuant to Section 4.4.3 below, deemed to be issued) by the Corporation after the Series E/E-1 Original Issue Date, other than (1) the following shares of Common Stock and (2) shares of Common Stock deemed issued pursuant to the following Options and Convertible Securities (clauses (1) and (2), collectively, “Exempted Securities”):

 

(i)                                     shares of Common Stock issued or issuable upon conversion of outstanding shares of Preferred Stock;

 

(ii)                                  shares of Common Stock issued by reason of a dividend, stock split or other distribution on shares of Common Stock that is covered by Sections 4.5, 4.6, 4.7 or 4.8;

 

(iii)                               shares of Common Stock (or Options to subscribe for, purchase or otherwise acquire Common Stock) issued to employees or directors of, or consultants or advisors to, the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries pursuant to the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan;

 

(iv)                              up to an aggregate of five hundred thousand (500,000) shares of Common Stock or Options (provided such Options are limited to a right to subscribe for, purchase or otherwise acquire Common Stock) issued (as consideration for the transaction and not in connection with financing the transaction) pursuant to the acquisition of another Person by the Corporation by merger, purchase of substantially all of the assets or other reorganization or to a strategic partnership or joint venture agreement, provided, that such issuances are approved by the Board, including the approval of at least one of the Series A-1 Directors;

 

(v)                                 up to an aggregate of five hundred thousand (500,000) shares of Common Stock or Options (provided such Options are limited to a right subscribe for, purchase or otherwise acquire Common Stock) issued (as consideration for the transaction and not in connection with financing the transaction) to third parties providing the Corporation with equipment leases, real property leases, loans or credit lines pursuant to arrangements approved by the Board, including the approval of at least one Series A-1 Director; or

 

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(vi)                              shares of Common Stock issued upon the closing of a Qualified Public Offering (as defined herein).

 

(b)                                 Convertible Securities” shall mean any evidences of indebtedness, shares or other securities directly or indirectly convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock, but excluding Options.

 

(c)                                  Option” shall mean rights, options or warrants to subscribe for, purchase or otherwise acquire Common Stock or Convertible Securities.

 

(d)                                 Series A-1 Original Issue Date” shall mean November 18, 2011.

 

(e)                                  Series E/E-1 Original Issue Date” shall mean June 21, 2018.

 

4.4.2                     No Adjustment of Conversion Price. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 4.4, (i) no adjustment in the Series A-1 Conversion Price shall be made as the result of the issuance or deemed issuance of Additional Shares of Common Stock if the Corporation receives written notice from the holders of at least a majority of the then outstanding shares of Series A-1 Preferred Stock agreeing that no such adjustment shall be made as the result of the issuance or deemed issuance of such Additional Shares of Common Stock, (ii) no adjustment in the Series B Conversion Price shall be made as the result of the issuance or deemed issuance of Additional Shares of Common Stock if the Corporation receives written notice from the holders of at least a majority of the then outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock agreeing that no such adjustment shall be made as the result of the issuance or deemed issuance of such Additional Shares of Common Stock, (iii) no adjustment in the Series C Conversion Price shall be made as the result of the issuance or deemed issuance of Additional Shares of Common Stock if the Corporation receives written notice from the holders of at least a majority of the then outstanding shares of Series C Preferred Stock agreeing that no such adjustment shall be made as the result of the issuance or deemed issuance of such Additional Shares of Common Stock, (iv) no adjustment in the Series D Conversion Price shall be made as the result of the issuance or deemed issuance of Additional Shares of Common Stock if the Corporation receives written notice from holders constituting the Series D Supermajority agreeing that no such adjustment shall be made as the result of the issuance or deemed issuance of such Additional Shares of Common Stock, (v) no adjustment in the Series D-1 Conversion Price shall be made as the result of the issuance or deemed issuance of Additional Shares of Common Stock if the Corporation receives written notice from holders constituting the Series D-1 Supermajority agreeing that no such adjustment shall be made as the result of the issuance or deemed issuance of such Additional Shares of Common Stock, and (vi) no adjustment in the Series E/E-1 Conversion Price shall be made as the result of the issuance or deemed issuance of Additional Shares of Common Stock if the Corporation receives written notice from the holders of at least a majority of the then outstanding shares of Series E Preferred Stock and Series E-1 Preferred Stock, voting together as a separate class (on an as-converted to Common Stock basis), agreeing that no such adjustment shall be made as the result of the issuance or deemed issuance of such Additional Shares of Common Stock.

 

4.4.3                     Deemed Issue of Additional Shares of Common Stock.

 

(a)                                 If the Corporation at any time or from time to time after the Series E/E-1 Original Issue Date shall issue any Options or Convertible Securities (excluding Options or Convertible Securities which are themselves Exempted Securities) or shall fix a record date for the determination of holders of any class of securities entitled to receive any such Options or Convertible Securities, then the maximum number of shares of Common Stock (as set forth in the instrument relating thereto, assuming the satisfaction of any conditions to exercisability, convertibility or exchangeability but without regard to any provision contained therein for a subsequent adjustment of such number) issuable upon the exercise of such Options or, in the case of Convertible Securities and Options therefor, the conversion or exchange of such Convertible Securities, shall be deemed to be Additional Shares of Common Stock issued as of the time of such issue or, in case such a record date shall have been fixed, as of the close of business on such record date.

 

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(b)                                 If the terms of any Option or Convertible Security, the issuance of which resulted in an adjustment to the applicable Conversion Price pursuant to the terms of Section 4.4.4, are revised as a result of an amendment to such terms or any other adjustment (including an accreting dividend or liquidation preference that adjusts the applicable conversion rate or number of shares issuable pursuant to such Option or Convertible Security) pursuant to the provisions of such Option or Convertible Security to provide for either (1) any increase or decrease in the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise, conversion and/or exchange of any such Option or Convertible Security or (2) any increase or decrease in the consideration payable to the Corporation upon such exercise, conversion and/or exchange, then, effective upon such increase or decrease becoming effective, the applicable Conversion Price computed upon the original issue of such Option or Convertible Security (or upon the occurrence of a record date with respect thereto) shall be readjusted to such applicable Conversion Price as would have been obtained had such revised terms been in effect upon the original date of issuance of such Option or Convertible Security. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no readjustment pursuant to this clause (b) shall have the effect of increasing the applicable Conversion Price to an amount which exceeds the lower of (i) the applicable Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to the original adjustment made as a result of the issuance of such Option or Convertible Security, or (ii) the adjusted applicable Conversion Price that would have resulted from any issuances of Additional Shares of Common Stock (other than deemed issuances of Additional Shares of Common Stock as a result of the issuance of such Option or Convertible Security) between the original adjustment date and such readjustment date.

 

(c)                                  If the terms of any Option or Convertible Security (excluding Options or Convertible Securities which are themselves Exempted Securities), the issuance of which did not result in an adjustment to the applicable Conversion Price pursuant to the terms of Section 4.4.4 (because the consideration per share (determined pursuant to Section 4.4.5) of the Additional Shares of Common Stock subject thereto was equal to or greater than the applicable Conversion Price then in effect), are revised after the Series E/E-1 Original Issue Date as a result of an amendment to such terms or any other adjustment pursuant to the provisions of such Option or Convertible Security to provide for either (1) any increase in the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise, conversion or exchange of any such Option or Convertible Security or (2) any decrease in the consideration payable to the Corporation upon such exercise, conversion or exchange, then such Option or Convertible Security, as so amended or adjusted, and the Additional Shares of Common Stock subject thereto (determined in the manner provided in Section 4.4.3(a)) shall be deemed to have been issued effective upon such increase or decrease becoming effective.

 

(d)                                 Upon the expiration or termination of any unexercised Option or unconverted or unexchanged Convertible Security (or portion thereof) which resulted (either upon its original issuance or upon a revision of its terms) in an adjustment to the applicable Conversion Price pursuant to the terms of Section 4.4.4, the applicable Conversion Price shall be readjusted to such applicable Conversion Price as would have been obtained had such Option or Convertible Security (or portion thereof) never been issued.

 

(e)                                  If the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise, conversion and/or exchange of any Option or Convertible Security, or the consideration payable to the Corporation upon such exercise, conversion and/or exchange, is calculable at the time such Option or Convertible Security is issued or amended but is subject to adjustment based upon subsequent events, any adjustment to the applicable Conversion Price provided for in this Section 4.4.3 shall be effected at the time of such issuance or amendment based on such number of shares or amount of consideration without regard to any provisions for subsequent adjustments (and any subsequent adjustments shall be treated as provided in clauses (b) and (c) of this Section 4.4.3). If the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise, conversion and/or exchange of any Option or Convertible Security, or the consideration payable to the Corporation upon such exercise, conversion and/or exchange, cannot be calculated at all at the time such Option or Convertible Security is issued or amended, any adjustment to the applicable Conversion Price that would result under the terms of this Section 4.4.3 at the time of such issuance or amendment shall instead be effected at the time such number of shares and/or amount of consideration is first

 

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calculable (even if subject to subsequent adjustments), assuming for purposes of calculating such adjustment to the applicable Conversion Price that such issuance or amendment took place at the time such calculation can first be made.

 

4.4.4                     Adjustment of Conversion Price Upon Issuance of Additional Shares of Common Stock. In the event the Corporation shall at any time after the Series E/E-1 Original Issue Date issue Additional Shares of Common Stock (including Additional Shares of Common Stock deemed to be issued pursuant to Section 4.4.3), without consideration or for a consideration per share less than the applicable Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to such issue, then such applicable Conversion Price shall be reduced, concurrently with such issue, to a price (calculated to the nearest one-hundredth of a cent) determined in accordance with the following formula:

 

New Conversion Price = ((A * Existing Conversion Price) + B) ÷ (A + C).

 

For purposes of the foregoing formula, the following definitions shall apply:

 

(a)                                 A” shall mean the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to such issue of Additional Shares of Common Stock (treating for this purpose as outstanding (i) all shares of vested restricted stock that were issued pursuant to a stock option or stock incentive plan (which stock option or stock incentive plan was approved by the Board) prior to the issuance of Additional Shares of Common Stock resulting in the adjustment to the Existing Conversion Price, (ii) all shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding vested and unexercised Options that were issued pursuant to a stock option or stock incentive plan (which stock option or stock incentive plan was approved by the Board) prior to the issuance of Additional Shares of Common Stock resulting in the adjustment to the Existing Conversion Price, but only to the extent such vested and unexercised Options have an exercise price that is less than the per share consideration received in connection with the issuance of Additional Shares of Common Stock resulting in an adjustment pursuant to this Section 4.4.4, and (iii) without duplication and subject to clauses (i) and (ii), all other shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to such issue or upon conversion or exchange of Convertible Securities (including the Preferred Stock) outstanding immediately prior to such issue);

 

(b)                                 B” shall mean the consideration, if any, received by the Corporation for such issuance of Additional Shares of Common Stock resulting in the adjustment to the Existing Conversion Price;

 

(c)                                  C” shall mean the number of such Additional Shares of Common Stock issued or deemed issued in such transaction;

 

(d)                                 Existing Conversion Price” shall mean the applicable Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to such issue of Additional Shares of Common Stock; and

 

(e)                                  New Conversion Price” shall mean the applicable Conversion Price in effect immediately after such issue of Additional Shares of Common Stock.

 

4.4.5                           Determination of Consideration. For purposes of this Section 4.4, the consideration received by the Corporation for the issue of any Additional Shares of Common Stock shall be computed as follows:

 

(a)                                 Cash and Property. Such consideration shall:

 

(i)                                     insofar as it consists of cash, be computed at the aggregate amount of cash received by the Corporation, excluding amounts paid or payable for accrued interest;

 

(ii)                                  insofar as it consists of property other than cash, be computed at the fair market value thereof at the time of such issue, as determined in good faith by the Board; and

 

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(iii)                               in the event Additional Shares of Common Stock are issued together with other shares or securities or other assets of the Corporation for consideration which covers both, be the proportion of such consideration so received, computed as provided in clauses (i) and (ii) above, as determined in good faith by the Board.

 

(b)                                 Options and Convertible Securities. The consideration per share received by the Corporation for Additional Shares of Common Stock deemed to have been issued pursuant to Section 4.4.3, relating to Options and Convertible Securities, shall be determined by dividing:

 

(i)                                     the total amount, if any, received or receivable by the Corporation as consideration for the issuance of such Options or Convertible Securities, plus the minimum aggregate amount of additional consideration (as set forth in the instruments relating thereto, without regard to any provision contained therein for a subsequent adjustment of such consideration) payable to the Corporation upon the exercise of such Options or the conversion or exchange of such Convertible Securities, or in the case of Options for Convertible Securities, the exercise of such Options for Convertible Securities and the conversion or exchange of such Convertible Securities, by

 

(ii)                                  the maximum number of shares of Common Stock (as set forth in the instruments relating thereto, without regard to any provision contained therein for a subsequent adjustment of such number) issuable upon the exercise of such Options or the conversion or exchange of such Convertible Securities, or in the case of Options for Convertible Securities, the exercise of such Options for Convertible Securities and the conversion or exchange of such Convertible Securities.

 

4.4.6                     Multiple Closing Dates. In the event the Corporation shall issue on more than one date Additional Shares of Common Stock that are a part of one transaction or a series of related transactions and that would result in an adjustment to the applicable Conversion Price pursuant to the terms of Section 4.4.4 then, upon the final such issuance, the applicable Conversion Price shall be readjusted to give effect to all such issuances as if they occurred on the date of the first such issuance (and without giving effect to any additional adjustments as a result of any such subsequent issuances within such period).

 

4.5                               Adjustment for Stock Splits and Combinations. If the Corporation shall at any time or from time to time after the Series E/E-1 Original Issue Date effect a subdivision of the outstanding Common Stock, the applicable Conversion Price in effect immediately before that subdivision shall be proportionately decreased so that the number of shares of Common Stock issuable on conversion of each share of such series shall be increased in proportion to such increase in the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock outstanding. If the Corporation shall at any time or from time to time after the Series E/E-1 Original Issue Date combine the outstanding shares of Common Stock, the applicable Conversion Price in effect immediately before the combination shall be proportionately increased so that the number of shares of Common Stock issuable on conversion of each share of such series shall be decreased in proportion to such decrease in the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock outstanding. Any adjustment under this subsection shall become effective at the close of business on the date the subdivision or combination becomes effective.

 

4.6                               Adjustment for Certain Dividends and Distributions. In the event the Corporation at any time or from time to time after the Series E/E-1 Original Issue Date shall make or issue, or fix a record date for the determination of holders of Common Stock entitled to receive, a dividend or other distribution payable on the Common Stock in additional shares of Common Stock, then and in each such event the applicable Conversion Price in effect immediately before such event shall be decreased as of the time of such issuance or, in the event such a record date shall have been fixed, as of the close of business on such record date, by multiplying the applicable Conversion Price then in effect by a fraction:

 

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(1)                                 the numerator of which shall be the total number of shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the time of such issuance or the close of business on such record date, and

 

(2)                                 the denominator of which shall be the total number of shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the time of such issuance or the close of business on such record date plus the number of shares of Common Stock issuable in payment of such dividend or distribution.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, (a) if such record date shall have been fixed and such dividend is not fully paid or if such distribution is not fully made on the date fixed therefor, the applicable Conversion Price shall be recomputed accordingly as of the close of business on such record date and thereafter the applicable Conversion Price shall be adjusted pursuant to this subsection as of the time of actual payment of such dividends or distributions; and (b) no such adjustment shall be made if the holders of Series A-1 Preferred Stock, the holders of Series B Preferred Stock, the holders of Series C Preferred Stock, the holders of Series D Preferred Stock, the holders of Series D-1 Preferred Stock, the holders of Series E Preferred Stock and the holders of Series E-1 Preferred Stock simultaneously receive a dividend or other distribution of shares of Common Stock in a number equal to the number of shares of Common Stock as they would have received if all outstanding shares of Preferred Stock had been converted into Common Stock pursuant to Section 4.1 on the date of such event.

 

4.7                               Adjustments for Other Dividends and Distributions. In the event the Corporation at any time or from time to time after the Series E/E-1 Original Issue Date shall make or issue, or fix a record date for the determination of holders of Common Stock entitled to receive, a dividend or other distribution payable in securities of the Corporation (other than a distribution of shares of Common Stock in respect of outstanding shares of Common Stock) or in other property and the provisions of Section 1 do not apply to such dividend or distribution, then and in each such event the holders of Preferred Stock shall receive, simultaneously with the distribution to the holders of Common Stock, a dividend or other distribution of such securities or other property in an amount equal to the amount of such securities or other property as they would have received if all outstanding shares of Preferred Stock had been converted into Common Stock pursuant to Section 4.1 on the date of such event.

 

4.8                               Adjustment for Merger or Reorganization, etc. Subject to, and without limiting, the provisions of Section 2, including Section 2.3, if there shall occur any reorganization, recapitalization, reclassification, consolidation or merger involving the Corporation in which the Common Stock is converted into or exchanged for securities, cash or other property (other than a transaction covered by Sections 4.4, 4.6, 4.7 or a Deemed Liquidation Event (which shall be governed by Section 2)), then, following any such reorganization, recapitalization, reclassification, consolidation or merger, each share of Preferred Stock shall thereafter be convertible in lieu of the Common Stock into which it was convertible prior to such event into the kind and amount of securities, cash or other property which a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock of the Corporation issuable upon conversion of one share of Preferred Stock immediately prior to such reorganization, recapitalization, reclassification, consolidation or merger would have been entitled to receive pursuant to such transaction; and, in such case, appropriate adjustment (as determined in good faith by the Board) shall be made in the application of the provisions in this Section 4 with respect to the rights and interests thereafter of the holders of the Preferred Stock, to the end that the provisions set forth in this Section 4 (including provisions with respect to changes in and other adjustments of the applicable Conversion Price) shall thereafter be applicable, as nearly as reasonably may be, in relation to any securities or other property thereafter deliverable upon the conversion of the Preferred Stock. If the transaction is approved by holders of a Supermajority of the outstanding shares of Preferred Stock, voting together as a separate class, each holder of Preferred Stock shall be deemed to have waived the right, if any, of any such holder to seek an appraisal of his, her or its shares of Preferred Stock pursuant to Section 262 of the DGCL in connection with such transaction.

 

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4.9                               Certificate as to Adjustments. Upon the occurrence of each adjustment or readjustment of the applicable Conversion Price pursuant to this Section 4, the Corporation at its expense shall, as promptly as reasonably practicable thereafter, compute such adjustment or readjustment in accordance with the terms hereof and furnish to each holder of Preferred Stock a certificate setting forth such adjustment or readjustment (including the kind and amount of securities, cash or other property into which the Preferred Stock is convertible) and showing in detail the facts upon which such adjustment or readjustment is based. The Corporation shall, as promptly as reasonably practicable after the written request at any time of any holder of Preferred Stock (but in any event not later than 10 days thereafter), furnish or cause to be furnished to such holder a certificate setting forth (i) the applicable Conversion Price then in effect, and (ii) the number of shares of Common Stock and the amount, if any, of other securities, cash or property which then would be received upon the conversion of Preferred Stock.

 

4.10                        Notice of Record Date. In the event the Corporation shall take a record of the holders of its Common Stock (or other capital stock or securities at the time issuable upon conversion of the Preferred Stock) for the purpose of entitling or enabling them to receive any dividend or other distribution, or to receive any right to subscribe for or purchase any shares of capital stock of any class or any other securities, or to receive any other security; or of any capital reorganization of the Corporation, any reclassification of the Common Stock of the Corporation, or any Deemed Liquidation Event; or of the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding-up of the Corporation, then, and in each such case, the Corporation will send or cause to be sent to the holders of the Preferred Stock a notice specifying, as the case may be, (i) the record date for such dividend, distribution or right, and the amount and character of such dividend, distribution or right, or (ii) the effective date on which such reorganization, reclassification, consolidation, merger, transfer, dissolution, liquidation or winding-up is proposed to take place, and the time, if any is to be fixed, as of which the holders of record of Common Stock (or such other capital stock or securities at the time issuable upon the conversion of the Preferred Stock) shall be entitled to exchange their shares of Common Stock (or such other capital stock or securities) for securities or other property deliverable upon such reorganization, reclassification, consolidation, merger, transfer, dissolution, liquidation or winding-up, and the amount per share and character of such exchange applicable to the Preferred Stock and the Common Stock. Such notice shall be sent as promptly as practicable prior to the record date or effective date for the event specified in such notice.

 

5.                                      Mandatory Conversion.

 

5.1                               Trigger Events.

 

5.1.1                     Immediately prior to either (a) the closing of the sale of shares of Common Stock to the public on the New York Stock Exchange, the NASDAQ Global Market or other internationally recognized stock exchange which places a pre-money valuation immediately prior to the initial public offering of the Corporation of the Common Stock of at least $400 million, in a firm-commitment underwritten public offering pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, resulting in at least $75 million of proceeds, net of the underwriting discount and commissions, to the Corporation and/or the selling stockholders (a “Qualified Public Offering”) or (b) the date and time, or the occurrence of an event, specified by vote or written consent of the holders of at least a Supermajority of the then outstanding shares of Preferred Stock (the time of such closing or the date and time specified or the time of the event specified in such vote or written consent is referred to herein as the “Mandatory Conversion Time”), each outstanding share of Preferred Stock shall automatically be converted into the number of shares of Common Stock equal to the number of shares of Common Stock into which such share of Preferred Stock is convertible pursuant to Section 4.1, plus, if such conversion is in connection with a Qualified Public Offering, then in lieu of any dividends payable pursuant to Section 4.3.4, such additional number of shares of Common Stock equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (x) an amount per share equal to the dividends payable on such Preferred Stock that have been declared but remain unpaid, by (y) the gross per share initial public offering price (before deducting the underwriting discount and commissions) of Common Stock.

 

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5.1.2                           Notwithstanding Section 5.1.1 above, the Series C Preferred Stock shall not be subject to mandatory conversion pursuant to this section unless (a) the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series C Preferred Stock have consented to mandatory conversion of all shares of Series C Preferred Stock or (b) the mandatory conversion is in connection with (i) a Qualified Public Offering in which the price per share of the securities sold to the public is equal to or greater than one (1) times the Series C Original Issue Price or (ii) a Deemed Liquidation Event that results in the payment of consideration to the holders of Series C Preferred Stock of an amount equal to or greater than one (1) times the Series C Original Issue Price in respect of such shares of Series C Preferred Stock.

 

5.1.3                           Notwithstanding Section 5.1.1 above, the Series D Preferred Stock shall not be subject to mandatory conversion pursuant to this section unless (a) holders constituting the Series D Supermajority have consented to mandatory conversion of all shares of Series D Preferred Stock or (b) the mandatory conversion is in connection with (i) a Qualified Public Offering in which the price per share of the securities sold to the public is equal to or greater than one and one-quarter (1.25) times the Series D Original Issue Price or (ii) a Deemed Liquidation Event that results in the payment of consideration to the holders of Series D Preferred Stock of an amount equal to or greater than one and one-quarter (1.25) times the Series D Original Issue Price in respect of such shares of Series D Preferred Stock.

 

5.1.4                           Notwithstanding Section 5.1.1 above, the Series D-1 Preferred Stock shall not be subject to mandatory conversion pursuant to this section unless (a) holders constituting the Series D-1 Supermajority have consented to mandatory conversion of all shares of Series D-1 Preferred Stock or (b) the mandatory conversion is in connection with (i) a Qualified Public Offering in which the price per share of the securities sold to the public is equal to or greater than one (1) times the Series D-1 Original Issue Price or (ii) a Deemed Liquidation Event that results in the payment of consideration to the holders of Series D-1 Preferred Stock of an amount equal to or greater than one (1) times the Series D-1 Original Issue Price in respect of such shares of Series D-1 Preferred Stock.

 

5.1.5                           Notwithstanding Section 5.1.1 above, the Series E Preferred Stock and Series E-1 Preferred Stock shall not be subject to mandatory conversion pursuant to this section unless (a) holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series E Preferred Stock and Series E-1 Preferred Stock, voting together as a separate class, have consented to mandatory conversion of all shares of Series E Preferred Stock and Series E-1 Preferred Stock or (b) the mandatory conversion is in connection with (i) a Qualified Public Offering in which all outstanding shares of Preferred Stock of the Company are converted into Common Stock or (ii) a Deemed Liquidation Event that results in the payment of consideration to the holders of Series E Preferred Stock and Series E-1 Preferred Stock of an amount equal to or greater than one (1) times the Series E/E-1 Original Issue Price in respect of such shares of Series E Preferred Stock and Series E-1 Preferred Stock.

 

5.2                               Procedural Requirements. All holders of record of shares of Preferred Stock shall be sent written notice of the Mandatory Conversion Time and the place designated for mandatory conversion of all such shares of Preferred Stock pursuant to this Section 5. Such notice need not be sent in advance of the occurrence of the Mandatory Conversion Time. Promptly following receipt of such notice, each holder of shares of Preferred Stock shall surrender his, her or its certificate or certificates for all such shares (or, if such holder alleges that such certificate has been lost, stolen or destroyed, a lost certificate affidavit and agreement reasonably acceptable to the Corporation to indemnify the Corporation against any claim that may be made against the Corporation on account of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of such certificate which agreement shall not require the posting of a bond) to the Corporation at the place designated in such notice. If so required by the Corporation, certificates surrendered for conversion shall be endorsed or accompanied by written instrument or instruments of transfer, in form satisfactory to the Corporation, duly executed by the registered holder or by his, her or its attorney duly authorized in writing. All rights with respect to the Preferred Stock converted pursuant to Section 5.1, including the rights, if any, to receive notices and vote (other than as a holder of Common Stock), will terminate at the Mandatory Conversion Time (notwithstanding the failure of the holder or holders thereof to surrender the

 

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certificates at or prior to such time), except only the rights of the holders thereof, upon surrender of their certificate or certificates (or lost certificate affidavit and agreement) therefor, to receive the items provided for in the next sentence of this Section 5.2. As soon as practicable after the Mandatory Conversion Time and the surrender of the certificate or certificates (or lost certificate affidavit and agreement) for Preferred Stock, the Corporation shall issue and deliver to such holder, or to his, her or its nominees, a certificate or certificates for the number of full shares of Common Stock issuable on such conversion in accordance with the provisions hereof, together with cash as provided in Section 4.2 in lieu of any fraction of a share of Common Stock otherwise issuable upon such conversion. Such converted Preferred Stock shall be retired and cancelled and may not be reissued as shares of such series or any other class or series, and the Corporation may thereafter take such appropriate action (without the need for stockholder action) as may be necessary to reduce the authorized number of shares of Preferred Stock accordingly.

 

6.                                      Redemption.

 

6.1                               At any time on or after the date that is the twelfth (12th) anniversary of the Series A-1 Original Issue Date, upon written notice (a “Redemption Request”) from the holders of at least a Supermajority of the then outstanding shares of Preferred Stock (the “Redeeming Holders”), the Redeeming Holders shall have the right to require that all (but not less than all) of the outstanding shares of Preferred Stock be redeemed by the Corporation for cash at a per share price equal to the greater of (I) for each series of Preferred Stock, the Original Issue Price for such series of Preferred Stock, plus any dividends declared but unpaid thereon or (II) seventy-five percent (75%) of the Fair Market Value (as defined below) of such series of Preferred Stock measured as of the FMV Determination Date (as defined below) (the “Redemption Price”); provided, however, in the event of an Intervening Liquidity Event (as defined herein), if the Redeeming Holders would be entitled to receive pursuant to Section 2 herein an amount per share of Preferred Stock that is greater than the per share Redemption Price, the Redemption Price shall be deemed to be the amount payable pursuant to Section 2 herein. The date of redemption pursuant to this Section 6 shall occur on the following dates (each a “Redemption Date” and collectively the “Redemption Dates”): (a) fifty percent (50%) of the Redemption Price shall be paid by the Corporation on a date that is not more than ninety (90) days after receipt by the Corporation of the Redemption Request; and (b) fifty percent (50%) of the Redemption Price shall be paid by the Corporation on a date that is not more than three hundred sixty five days (365) days after receipt by the Corporation of the Redemption Request; provided, however, that in the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation (including a Deemed Liquidation Event) that occurs or is consummated prior to payment in full of the entire Redemption Price (an “Intervening Liquidity Event”), the Redemption Date shall be accelerated to the date of such voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation (including a Deemed Liquidation Event). On the applicable Redemption Date, the Corporation shall redeem, on a pro rata basis in accordance with the number of shares of Preferred Stock owned by each holder, the number of outstanding shares of Preferred Stock required to be redeemed on such Redemption Date. If the Corporation does not have sufficient funds to redeem on any Redemption Date all shares of Preferred Stock to be redeemed on that Redemption Date, the Corporation shall redeem a pro rata portion of each holder’s shares of such capital stock out of available funds (which shall include available borrowings), based on the respective amounts which would otherwise be payable in respect of the shares to be redeemed if the funds were sufficient to redeem all such shares, and shall redeem the remaining shares to have been redeemed as soon as the Corporation has available funds; provided, however, that in the event any shares of Preferred Stock that were requested to be redeemed in the Redemption Request are not so redeemed on the applicable Redemption Date (such event, a “Redemption Default Event”), in addition to, and without limiting in any manner, any and all other rights and remedies of the Redeeming Holders, the holders of a majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares of Voting Preferred Stock shall have the right, but not the obligation, exclusively and as a separate class, at any time while the Redemption Default Event is continuing, to appoint and elect a majority of the directors of the Corporation. The Corporation and each stockholder of the Corporation shall be obligated to take or cause to be taken all

 

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action necessary to ensure at all times following the Series E/E-1 Original Issue Date that the organizational documents of the Corporation and its subsidiaries (including this Certification of Incorporation and the Bylaws of the Corporation) are not inconsistent with or in any way limit the provisions of this Section 6. As used herein, “Fair Market Value” means the per share amount that a holder of a share of Preferred Stock would be entitled to receive under this Certificate of Incorporation assuming a sale of all of the assets and liabilities of the Corporation and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, valued as a going concern, for cash in an arms’ length transaction between a willing buyer and a willing seller under no compulsion to sell, without giving effect to any discount for lack of liquidity, control or any similar matter or any transfer or other contractual or other restrictions applicable thereto and without any discount applied because the transaction is conducted in the context of the exercise of a redemption right, and, to the extent information is available, reflecting the fully distributed value of comparable public companies and precedent M&A transactions. As used herein, “Designated Stockholder” means the Redeeming Holder that holds the most shares of Preferred Stock within the group of all Redeeming Holders. As used herein, “FMV Determination Date” means the date of delivery of the Redemption Request to the Corporation; provided, however, in the event the Corporation fails to redeem the shares of Preferred Stock required to be redeemed on the applicable Redemption Date, the FMV Agent (as defined below) shall have the right to require that a second determination of Fair Market Value be made as of any date during which the Corporation is in breach and if such second determination results in a Fair Market Value that is higher than the original Fair Market Value, the Redemption Price shall be determined by reference to such higher Fair Market Value.

 

6.2                               FMV Determination Process. Unless waived in writing by the Designated Stockholder, the Board shall be obligated to determine the Fair Market Value following receipt by the Corporation of the Redemption Request and such Fair Market Value shall be determined in accordance with the following procedures:

 

6.2.1                     the FMV Agent and the Board shall attempt to determine the Fair Market Value of the Preferred Stock through good faith negotiation commenced promptly (and in any event, within five (5) business days) after the delivery of the Redemption Request to the Corporation;

 

6.2.2                     if the FMV Agent and the Board cannot agree as to the Fair Market Value within fifteen (15) business days after beginning such negotiations, then the FMV Agent and the Board shall promptly and jointly appoint an independent, nationally-recognized investment bank with expertise valuing businesses with business lines similar to that of the Corporation and its subsidiaries;

 

6.2.3                     if the FMV Agent and the Board cannot agree on the appointment of such investment bank within an additional ten (10) business days, then an independent, nationally-recognized investment bank chosen by the FMV Agent and the Corporation’s independent, nationally-recognized investment bank shall jointly appoint such an independent, nationally-recognized investment bank with expertise valuing businesses with business lines similar to that of the Corporation and its subsidiaries (the investment bank appointed by the FMV Agent and the Board, or their respective investment banks, as the case may be, the “Valuer”);

 

6.2.4                     the cost and expenses of the Valuer shall be split evenly by the Corporation and the holders of Preferred Stock, with each holder of Preferred Stock paying its pro rata share of the total amount due by all the holders of Preferred Stock (based on the number of shares of Preferred Stock subject to redemption); and

 

6.2.5                     the Valuer shall independently determine the Fair Market Value of Preferred Stock as of the FMV Determination Date (the “FMV Determination”); provided, that the FMV Agent and the Board shall require the Valuer to make the FMV Determination within thirty (30) calendar days from the date of the Valuer’s selection and the FMV Determination of the Valuer shall be final and binding upon the holders of the Preferred Stock and the Corporation.

 

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If the FMV Determination is submitted to a Valuer for determination, then (i) the FMV Agent and the Corporation (including the Board) shall execute any agreement(s) reasonably required by the Valuer to accept their engagement pursuant to this Section 6, (ii) the Corporation shall promptly furnish or cause to be furnished to the Valuer such work papers and other documents and information relating to the computation of Fair Market Value as the Valuer may reasonably request and are available in the ordinary course of business, and (iii) each of the FMV Agent and the Corporation shall be afforded the opportunity to present to such Valuer, with a copy to the other party, any other written material relating to the computation of the Fair Market Value.

 

6.3                               FMV Agent. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in this Certificate of Incorporation, each holder of Preferred Stock hereby irrevocably appoints the Designated Stockholder to act as its sole and exclusive agent (in such capacity, the “FMV Agent”) (i) to determine the Fair Market Value on behalf of all holders of Preferred Stock and (ii) otherwise to take any action that may be necessary or desirable, as determined by the FMV Agent in its sole discretion, on behalf of the all holders of Preferred Stock in connection with any determination of Fair Market Value or other actions to be taken by the FMV Agent as provided hereby, including the retention of financial, legal or other advisors in connection therewith (and such holders of Preferred Stock shall not be entitled to participate in such determinations with the Corporation and the FMV Agent). Each holder of Preferred Stock (A) shall be bound by the Fair Market Value determination resulting from the FMV Agent’s participation in the determination of Fair Market Value in accordance with this Section 6, (B) shall reimburse the FMV Agent promptly (and, in any event, within five (5) business days following receipt from the FMV Agent of a written request therefor) for its pro rata share (based on the number of shares of Preferred Stock subject to redemption) of any reasonable out-of-pocket fees, costs or expenses incurred by the FMV Agent in connection with the performance of its duties hereunder, including the fees, costs and expenses of any financial, legal or other advisor retained by the FMV Agent in connection therewith, and (C) agrees that neither the FMV Agent nor any affiliate, employee, officer or director thereof shall be liable to any holder of Preferred Stock or any affiliate thereof for any good faith act or omission of the FMV Agent (or any such affiliate, employee, officer or director thereof) in its capacity as FMV Agent hereunder, and each such holder hereby unconditionally and irrevocably releases the FMV Agent and each such affiliate, employee, officer or director thereof from any and all claims, causes of action and other liabilities and obligations of any kind arising from or in connection with the performance by the FMV Agent of its obligations or duties hereunder unless a court of competent jurisdiction shall determine in a final and non-appealable judgment that any act or omission of the FMV Agent (or any affiliate, employee, officer or director thereof) was taken or not taken, as the case may be, other than in good faith. The Corporation may rely on actions taken by the FMV Agent pursuant to the foregoing appointment and authority until the receipt by the Corporation of written notice of the appointment of a successor FMV Agent upon not less than ten (10) business days’ prior written notice from the FMV Agent to the Corporation. The FMV Agent may resign from its capacity as such at any time upon delivery of ten (10) business day’s written notice to the Corporation and the Redeeming Holders. If the FMV Agent shall resign from its capacity as such as provided in the immediately preceding sentence, the successor FMV Agent shall be appointed by the Redeeming Holders holding a majority of the outstanding shares of Preferred Stock held by all such Redeeming Holders (excluding shares of Preferred Stock held by resigning FMV Agent) and following such appointment such successor FMV Agent shall be the FMV Agent for all purposes hereof until such successor FMV Agent shall resign from its capacity as such in accordance with the terms set forth herein. The holders of Preferred Stock shall not have any authority to replace the FMV Agent.

 

6.4                               Redemption Notice. The Corporation shall send written notice of the mandatory redemption (the “Redemption Notice”) to each holder of record of Preferred Stock as promptly as practicable prior to the applicable Redemption Date. The Redemption Notice shall state:

 

(a)                                 the number of shares of Preferred Stock held by the holder that the Corporation shall redeem on the applicable Redemption Date specified in the Redemption Notice;

 

(b)                                 the Redemption Date and the Redemption Price; and

 

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(c)                                  that the holder is to surrender to the Corporation, in the manner and at the place designated, his, her or its certificate or certificates representing the shares of Preferred Stock to be redeemed.

 

6.5                               Revocation Right. Notwithstanding anything in this Section 6 to the contrary, the Designated Stockholder shall be entitled to withdraw the Redemption Request (which shall be deemed to include a withdrawal of the Redemption Request on behalf of all holders of Preferred Stock) by written notice (a “Redemption Request Withdrawal”) to Corporation and the other Redeeming Holders at any time up to the date that is ten (10) days after the date the Fair Market Value is determined in accordance with Section 6.2 and provided to the Redeeming Holders. If the Designated Stockholder delivers a Redemption Request Withdrawal, (i) none of the Redeeming Holders shall deliver a Redemption Request pursuant to this Section 6 for a period of at least twelve (12) months from the date on which such Redemption Request Withdrawal is delivered to the Corporation; and (ii) the Redeeming Holders shall pay on a proportionate basis any reasonable out-of-pocket fees, costs or expenses payable to the Valuer by the Corporation in connection with the performance of its duties hereunder; provided, however, unless the prior written consent of the FMV Agent is obtained, the maximum amount payable by the Redeeming Holders in the aggregate shall not exceed $500,000.

 

6.6                               Surrender of Certificates; Payment. On or before the applicable Redemption Date, each holder of shares of Preferred Stock to be redeemed on such Redemption Date, unless such holder has exercised his, her or its right to convert such shares as provided in Section 4.1, shall surrender the certificate or certificates representing such shares (or, if such registered holder alleges that such certificate has been lost, stolen or destroyed, a lost certificate affidavit and agreement reasonably acceptable to the Corporation to indemnify the Corporation against any claim that may be made against the Corporation on account of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of such certificate which agreement shall not require the posting of a bond) to the Corporation, in the manner and at the place designated in the Redemption Notice, and thereupon the Redemption Price for such shares shall be payable to the order of the person whose name appears on such certificate or certificates as the owner thereof. In the event less than all of the shares of Preferred Stock represented by a certificate are redeemed, a new certificate representing the unredeemed shares of Preferred Stock shall promptly be issued by the Corporation to such holder or their designee.

 

6.7                               Rights Prior to Redemption. If the Redemption Notice shall have been duly given, all rights with respect to the outstanding shares of Preferred Stock shall continue until the Redemption Price payable upon redemption of the shares of Preferred Stock to be redeemed on the applicable Redemption Date is paid or tendered for payment in full or deposited in full with an independent payment agent so as to be available therefor in a timely manner for payment to such holders.

 

6.8                               Rights Subsequent to Redemption. If the Redemption Notice shall have been duly given, and if on the Redemption Date the Redemption Price payable upon redemption of the shares of Preferred Stock to be redeemed on such Redemption Date is paid or tendered for payment in full or deposited in full with an independent payment agent so as to be available therefor in a timely manner, then notwithstanding that the certificates evidencing any of the shares of Preferred Stock so called for redemption shall not have been surrendered, all rights with respect to such shares shall forthwith after the applicable Redemption Date terminate with respect to the shares so redeemed, except only the right of the holders to receive the Redemption Price.

 

6.9                               Costs. The Corporation agrees to pay all reasonable costs of collection by the holders of Preferred Stock that delivered the Redemption Request of any amounts due hereunder arising as a result of any default by the Corporation hereunder, including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees and expenses.

 

7.                                      Redeemed or Otherwise Acquired Shares. Any shares of Preferred Stock that are redeemed or otherwise acquired by the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries shall be automatically and immediately cancelled and retired and shall not be reissued, sold or transferred. Neither the Corporation

 

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nor any of its subsidiaries may exercise any voting or other rights granted to the holders of Preferred Stock following the redemption or any other acquisition of shares of Preferred Stock.

 

8.                                      Waiver. Any of the rights, powers, preferences and other terms of the Preferred Stock set forth herein may be waived on behalf of all holders of Preferred Stock by the affirmative written consent or vote of the holders of at least a Supermajority of the shares of Preferred Stock then outstanding, and such waiver shall be binding on all holders of Preferred Stock whether or not such holders of Preferred Stock consent; provided, however, that any of the rights, powers, preferences and other terms of the Series C Preferred Stock that are set forth herein may only be waived by the affirmative written consent or vote of the holders of at least a majority of the Series C Preferred Stock then outstanding; provided, further, that any of the rights, powers, preferences and other terms of the Series D Preferred Stock that are set forth herein may only be waived by the affirmative written consent or vote of holders constituting the Series D Supermajority; provided, further, that any of the rights, powers, preferences and other terms of the Series D-1 Preferred Stock that are set forth herein may only be waived by the affirmative written consent or vote of holders constituting the Series D-1 Supermajority; and provided, further, that any of the rights, powers, preferences and other terms of the Series E Preferred Stock or Series E-1 Preferred Stock that are set forth herein may only be waived by the affirmative written consent or vote of holders constituting the holders of at least a majority of the then outstanding shares of Series E Preferred Stock and Series E-1 Preferred Stock, voting together as a separate class and on an as-converted to Common Stock basis.

 

9.                                      Preemptive Rights. No stockholder of the Corporation shall have a right to purchase shares of capital stock or other securities of the Corporation sold or issued by the Corporation except to the extent that such a right may from time to time be set forth in a written agreement between the Corporation and such stockholder, including a stockholders agreement among the Corporation and the stockholders identified therein.

 

10.                               Notices. Any notice required or permitted by the provisions of this Article IV to be given to a holder of shares of Preferred Stock shall be mailed, postage prepaid, to the post office address last shown on the records of the Corporation, or given by electronic communication in compliance with the provisions of the DGCL, and shall be deemed sent upon such mailing or electronic transmission.

 

ARTICLE V

 

Subject to any additional vote required by this Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws of the Corporation, in furtherance and not in limitation of the powers conferred by the DGCL, the Board is expressly authorized to make, repeal, alter, amend and rescind any or all of the Bylaws of the Corporation.

 

ARTICLE VI

 

Subject to any additional vote required by this Certificate of Incorporation, the number of directors of the Corporation shall be determined in the manner set forth in the Bylaws of the Corporation.

 

ARTICLE VII

 

Elections of directors need not be by written ballot unless the Bylaws of the Corporation shall so provide.

 

ARTICLE VIII

 

Meetings of stockholders may be held within or outside the State of Delaware, as the Bylaws of the Corporation may provide. The books of the Corporation may be kept outside the State of Delaware at such place or places as may be designated from time to time by the Board or in the Bylaws of the Corporation.

 

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ARTICLE IX

 

To the fullest extent permitted by law, a director of the Corporation shall not be personally liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director. If the DGCL or any other applicable law is amended to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the personal liability of directors, then the liability of a director of the Corporation shall be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL as so amended or such other applicable laws.

 

Any amendment, repeal or modification of the foregoing provisions of this Article IX, or the adoption of any provision of the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation inconsistent with this Article IX, by the stockholders of the Corporation shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a director of the Corporation existing at the time of, or increase the liability of any director of the Corporation with respect to any acts or omissions of such director occurring prior to, such amendment, repeal, modification or adoption.

 

ARTICLE X

 

The following indemnification provisions shall apply to the persons enumerated below.

 

1.                                      Right to Indemnification of Directors and Officers. The Corporation shall indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law as it presently exists or may hereafter be amended, any person (an “Indemnified Person”) who was or is made or is threatened to be made a party or is otherwise involved in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (a “Proceeding”), by reason of the fact that such person, or a person for whom such person is the legal representative, is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or, while a director or officer of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, trust, enterprise or nonprofit entity, including service with respect to employee benefit plans (collectively, “Another Enterprise”), against all liability and loss suffered and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) reasonably incurred by such Indemnified Person in such Proceeding. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, except as otherwise provided in Section 3 of this Article X, the Corporation shall be required to indemnify an Indemnified Person in connection with a Proceeding (or part thereof) commenced by such Indemnified Person only if the commencement of such Proceeding (or part thereof) by the Indemnified Person was authorized in advance by the Board.

 

2.                                      Advancement of Expenses.

 

(a)                                 The Corporation shall pay the expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by an Indemnified Person who is or was a non-employee director of the Corporation or while a non-employee director of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director of Another Enterprise in defending any Proceeding in advance of its final disposition; provided, however, that such payment of expenses in advance of the final disposition of the Proceeding shall be made only upon receipt of an undertaking by such person to repay all amounts advanced if it should ultimately be determined that such person is not entitled to be indemnified under this Article X or otherwise.

 

(b)                                 The Corporation may (but shall not be required to) pay the expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by an Indemnified Person who does not meet the criteria set forth in clause (a) above in defending any Proceeding in advance of its final disposition; provided, however, that such payment of expenses in advance of the final disposition of the Proceeding shall be made only upon receipt of an undertaking by such person to repay all amounts advanced if it should ultimately be determined that such person is not entitled to be indemnified under this Article X or otherwise; provided, further, that the ultimate determination of entitlement to advance to Indemnified Persons pursuant to this Section 2(b) shall be made in such manner as is determined by the Board in its sole discretion.

 

3.                                      Claims by Directors and Officers. If a claim for indemnification or advancement of expenses under this Article X is not paid in full within 30 days after a written claim therefor by the person

 

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entitled to indemnification or advancement, as applicable, has been received by the Corporation, such person may file suit to recover the unpaid amount of such claim and, if successful in whole or in part, shall be entitled to be paid the expense of prosecuting such claim. In any such action the Corporation shall have the burden of proving that such person is not entitled to the requested indemnification or advancement of expenses under applicable law.

 

4.                                      Indemnification of Employees and Agents. The Corporation may indemnify and advance expenses to any person who was or is made or is threatened to be made or is otherwise involved in any Proceeding by reason of the fact that such person, or a person for whom such person is the legal representative, is or was an employee or agent of the Corporation or, while an employee or agent of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of Another Enterprise, against all liability and loss suffered and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such Proceeding. The ultimate determination of entitlement to indemnification of persons who are non-director or officer employees or agents shall be made in such manner as is determined by the Board in its sole discretion.

 

5.                                      Advancement of Expenses of Employees and Agents. The Corporation may (but shall not be required to) pay the expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by an employee or agent in defending any Proceeding in advance of its final disposition on such terms and conditions as may be determined by the Board; provided, however, that such payment of expenses in advance of the final disposition of the Proceeding shall be made only upon receipt of an undertaking by the employee or agent to repay all amounts advanced if it should ultimately be determined that the employee or agent is not entitled to be indemnified under this Article X or otherwise; provided, further, that the ultimate determination of entitlement to advance to pursuant to this Section 5 shall be made in such manner as is determined by the Board in its sole discretion.

 

6.                                      Non-Exclusivity of Rights. The rights conferred on any person by this Article X shall not be exclusive of any other rights which such person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of this Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws of the Corporation, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise.

 

7.                                      Insurance. The Board may, to the full extent permitted by applicable law as it presently exists, or may hereafter be amended from time to time, authorize an appropriate officer or officers to purchase and maintain at the Corporation’s expense insurance: (a) to indemnify the Corporation for any obligation which it incurs as a result of the indemnification of directors, officers, agents and employees under the provisions of this Article X; and (b) to indemnify or insure directors, officers, agents and employees against liability in instances in which they may not otherwise be indemnified by the Corporation under the provisions of this Article X.

 

8.                                      Amendment or Repeal. The rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses conferred upon any current or former director or officer of the Corporation pursuant to this Article X (whether by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or while serving as a director or officer of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of Another Enterprise) shall be contract rights, shall vest when such person becomes a director or officer of the Corporation, and shall continue as vested contract rights even if such person ceases to be a director or officer of the Corporation. Any amendment, repeal or modification of, or adoption of any provision inconsistent with, this Article X (or any provision hereof) shall not adversely affect any right to indemnification or advancement of expenses granted to any person pursuant hereto with respect to any act or omission of such person occurring prior to the time of such amendment, repeal, modification or adoption (regardless of whether the Proceeding relating to such acts or omissions, or any proceeding relating to such person’s rights to indemnification or to advancement of expenses, is commenced before or after the time of such amendment, repeal, modification or adoption), and any such amendment, repeal, modification or adoption that would adversely affect such person’s rights to indemnification or advancement of expenses hereunder shall be ineffective as to such person,

 

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except with respect to any threatened, pending or completed Proceeding that relates to or arises from (and only to the extent such Proceeding relates to or arises from) any act or omission of such person occurring after the effective time of such amendment, repeal, modification or adoption. The rights provided hereunder shall inure to the benefit of any Indemnified Person and such person’s heirs, executors and administrators.

 

ARTICLE XI

 

In recognition that each Principal Stockholder (as defined below) and their respective Representatives (as defined below) currently have, and may in the future have or may consider acquiring, investments in corporations, limited liability companies, partnerships, associations, joint-stock corporations, trusts or other forms of business entity with respect to which each Principal Stockholder or their respective Representatives may serve as an advisor, a director or in some other capacity, and in recognition that each Principal Stockholder and their respective Representatives may have myriad duties to various investors and partners, and in anticipation that the Corporation and its subsidiaries, on the one hand and each of the Principal Stockholders, on the other hand, may engage in the same or similar activities or lines of business and have an interest in the same areas of corporate opportunities, and in recognition of the benefits to be derived by the Corporation hereunder and in recognition of the difficulties which may confront any advisor who desires and endeavors fully to satisfy such advisor’s duties in determining the full scope of such duties in any particular situation, the provisions of this Article XI are set forth to regulate, define and guide the conduct of certain affairs of the Corporation as they may involve such Principal Stockholder. Except as a Principal Stockholder may otherwise agree in writing after the date hereof:

 

(a)                                 Such Principal Stockholder and its respective Representatives shall have the right: (A) to directly or indirectly engage in any security software business activities or lines of business that are the same as or similar to those pursued by, or competitive with, the Corporation and its subsidiaries, (B) to directly or indirectly do business with any client or customer of the Corporation and its subsidiaries, (C) to take any other action that such Principal Stockholder believes in good faith is necessary to or appropriate to fulfill its obligations as described in the first sentence of this Article XI, and (D) not to present potential transactions, matters or business opportunities to the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries, and to pursue, directly or indirectly, any such opportunity for itself, and to direct any such opportunity to another person.

 

(b)                                 Such Principal Stockholder and its Representatives shall have no duty (contractual or otherwise) to communicate or present any corporate opportunities to the Corporation or any of its stockholders, subsidiaries or affiliates or to refrain from any actions specified in this Article XI, and the Corporation, on its own behalf and on behalf of its stockholders, subsidiaries and affiliates, hereby renounces and waives any right to require such Principal Stockholder or any of its Representatives to act in a manner inconsistent with the provisions of this Article XI.

 

(c)                                  None of the Principal Stockholders, nor any of their respective Representatives, shall (a) be liable to the Corporation or any of its stockholders, subsidiaries or affiliates for breach of any duty (contractual or otherwise) by reason of any activities or omissions of the types permitted in this Article XI or of any such person’s participation therein, or (b) have any duty to communicate or present any activities or omissions of the types permitted in this Article XI to the Corporation or its stockholders, subsidiaries or affiliates. The Principal Stockholders and their respective Representatives shall have the right to hold any of the activities or omissions of the types permitted in this Article XI for its own account, or the account of another person, or to recommend, sell, assign or otherwise transfer such activity or omission to persons other than the Corporation or any stockholder, subsidiary or affiliate of the Corporation. The Corporation acknowledges that this Article XI renounces specified business opportunities as contemplated by Section 122(17) of the DGCL. To the fullest extent permitted by law, the Corporation hereby waives any claim against each Principal Stockholder and its Representatives, and agrees to indemnify each Principal Stockholder and its Representatives against any claim, that is based on

 

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fiduciary duties, the corporate opportunity doctrine or any other legal theory which could limit any Principal Stockholder or its Representatives from pursuing or engaging in transactions permitted under this Article XI.

 

As used herein, “Accel Partners Entities” shall mean (i) Accel Partners (or an affiliate of one or more of such entities) or their respective subsidiaries (collectively, “Accel”), (ii) any investment fund, vehicle or account which is managed by Accel or in respect of which Accel has investment discretion, including, but not limited to, Accel Leaders Fund L.P., Accel Leaders Fund Investors 2016 L.L.C., Accel London III L.P., Accel London Investors 2012 L.P., Accel Growth Fund II L.P., Accel Growth Fund II Strategic Partners L.P. and Accel Growth Fund Investors 2013 L.L.C. (each, an “Accel Fund or Account”) or (iii) an affiliate of Accel or an Accel Fund or Account.

 

As used herein, “CapitalG Entities” shall mean (i) CapitalG (or an affiliate of such entity) or their respective subsidiaries (collectively, “CapitalG”), (ii) any investment fund, vehicle or account which is managed by CapitalG or in respect of which CapitalG has investment discretion, including, but not limited to, CapitalG 2015 LP and CapitalG LP (each, a “CapitalG Fund”) or (iii) an affiliate of CapitalG or a CapitalG Fund.

 

As used herein, “GA Entities” shall mean (i) General Atlantic LKC and/or General Atlantic Service Company, L.P. (or an affiliate of one or more of such entities) or their respective subsidiaries (collectively, “General Atlantic”), (ii) any investment fund, vehicle or account which is managed by General Atlantic or in respect of which General Atlantic has investment discretion (each, a “General Atlantic Fund or Account”) or (iii) an affiliate of General Atlantic or a General Atlantic Fund or Account.

 

As used herein, “IVP Entities” shall mean Institutional Venture Partners XVI, L.P. or its affiliates.

 

As used herein, “March Capital Entities” shall mean (i) March Capital Partners (or an affiliate of such entity) or their respective subsidiaries (collectively, “March Capital”), (ii) any investment fund, vehicle or account which is managed by March Capital or in respect of which March Capital has investment discretion, including, but not limited to March Capital Opportunity Fund, L.P. and March Capital Partners Fund I, L.P. (each, a “March Capital Fund”) or (iii) an affiliate of March Capital or a March Capital Fund.

 

As used herein, “Principal Stockholder” means any of the Warburg Pincus Entities, the Accel Partners Entities, the CapitalG Entities, the GA Entities, the IVP Entities, the March Capital Entities, the Telstra Entities or the Rackspace Entities.

 

As used herein, “Rackspace Entities” shall mean (i) Rackspace US, Inc. (or an affiliate of such entity) or their respective subsidiaries (collectively, “Rackspace”), (ii) any investment fund, vehicle or account which is managed by Rackspace or in respect of which Rackspace has investment discretion (the “Rackspace Fund”) or (iii) an affiliate of Rackspace or the Rackspace Fund.

 

As used herein, “Representatives” means the officers, directors, agents, members, partners, employees or affiliates of such Principal Stockholder.

 

As used herein, “Telstra Entities” shall mean (i) Telstra Ventures Pty Ltd (or an affiliate of such entity) or their respective subsidiaries (collectively, “Telstra”), (ii) any investment fund, vehicle or account which is managed by Telstra or in respect of which Telstra has investment discretion (each, a “Telstra Fund”) or (iii) an affiliate of Telstra or a Telstra Fund.

 

As used herein, “Warburg Pincus Entities” shall mean (i) Warburg Pincus LLC and/or Warburg Pincus & Co. (or an affiliate of one or more of such entities) or their respective subsidiaries (collectively, “Warburg Pincus”), (ii) any investment fund, vehicle or account which is managed by Warburg Pincus or in respect of which Warburg Pincus has investment discretion, including, but not limited to, Warburg Pincus Private Equity X, L.P. and Warburg Pincus X Partners, L.P. (each, a

 

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Warburg Pincus Fund or Account”) or (iii) an affiliate of Warburg Pincus or a Warburg Pincus Fund or Account.

 

ARTICLE XII

 

To the extent Section 203 of the DGCL would otherwise be applicable to the Corporation, the Corporation hereby elects to opt out of Section 203 of the DGCL until (i) the Warburg Pincus Entities collectively cease to be the beneficial owner of shares representing at least 15% of the total voting power of the voting stock of the Corporation and (ii) the Accel Entities collectively cease to be the beneficial owner of shares representing at least 15% of the total voting power of the voting stock of the Corporation, at which date Section 203 of the DGCL shall apply prospectively to the Corporation (such that any person or entity (including one or more purchasers of shares from the Warburg Pincus Entities or the Accel Entities) who or that, as of such date, would be an interested stockholder under Section 203 of the DGCL shall not be deemed to be an interested stockholder until such later time as such person or entity acquires one or more additional shares of Common Stock) solely to the extent that Section 203 of the DGCL would be applicable to the Corporation notwithstanding this Article XII.

 

ARTICLE XIII

 

Unless (a) the Corporation (through approval of the Board) consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, (b) the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware concludes that an indispensable party named as a defendant therein is not subject to the jurisdiction of the Delaware courts or (c) a federal court has assumed exclusive jurisdiction of a proceeding, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall be the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of the Corporation to the Corporation or the Corporation’s stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, (iv) any action to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of this Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws of the Corporation, or (v) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine.

 

*     *     *

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation has been executed by a duly authorized officer of this Corporation on June 19, 2018.

 

 

 

By:

/s/ George Kurtz

 

 

Name: George Kurtz

 

 

Title: President & Chief Executive Officer

 


 

CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT OF THE
AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
OF
CROWDSTRIKE HOLDINGS, INC.

 

CROWDSTRIKE HOLDINGS, INC., a corporation organized and existing under and by virtue of the provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “General Corporation Law”),

 

DOES HEREBY CERTIFY:

 

1.  That the name of this corporation is CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc. The corporation’s original Certificate of Incorporation was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on November 7, 2011.

 

2.     That the Board of Directors duly adopted resolutions in accordance with the provisions of Section 242 of the General Corporation Law proposing to amend the Certificate of Incorporation of this corporation, declaring said amendment to be advisable and in the best interests of this corporation and its stockholders, and authorizing the appropriate officers of this corporation to solicit the consent of the stockholders therefor, which resolution setting forth the proposed amendment is as follows:

 

RESOLVED, that the first paragraph of ARTICLE IV of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation is hereby amended to say:

 

“The total number of shares of all classes of stock which the Corporation shall have authority to issue is 440,000,000 shares of common stock, consisting of 220,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock, par value $0.0005 per share (“Class A Common Stock”) and 220,000,000 shares of Class B Common Stock, par value $0.0005 per share (“Class B Common Stock” and, together with the Class A Common Stock, the “Common Stock”); and 137,418,875 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0005 per share (“Preferred Stock”), 52,300,000 of which are designated “Series A-1 Convertible Preferred Stock” (the “Series A-1 Preferred Stock”), 21,523,118 of which are designated “Series B Convertible Preferred Stock” (the “Series B Preferred Stock”), 22,275,128 of which are designated “Series C Convertible Preferred Stock” (the “Series C Preferred Stock”), 17,569,969 of which are designated “Series D Convertible Preferred Stock” (the “Series D Preferred Stock”), 5,393,976 of which are designated “Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock” (the “Series D-1 Preferred Stock”), 14,579,598 of which are designated “Series E Convertible Preferred Stock” (the “Series E Preferred Stock”), and 3,777,086 of which are designated “Series E-1 Convertible Preferred Stock” (the “Series E-1 Preferred Stock”).”

 

RESOLVED, that ARTICLE IV of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation is hereby amended by adding, immediately following the first paragraph of ARTICLE IV, the following:

 


 

“Upon this Certificate of Amendment becoming effective pursuant to the General Corporation Law (the “Effective Time”), each share of the Corporation’s Common Stock issued and outstanding or held of treasury immediately prior to the Effective Time (“Old Common Stock”) shall automatically be reclassified as one share of Class B Common Stock without any action on the part of the holders of such shares.  At the Effective Time, any stock certificate that, immediately prior to the Effective Time, represented issued and outstanding shares of Old Common Stock shall, from and after the Effective Time, automatically and without necessity of presenting the same for exchange, represent the number of shares of Class B Common Stock into which such shares of Old Common Stock were reclassified at the Effective Time, without any action on the part of the holder thereof.”

 

RESOLVED, that the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation is hereby amended by replacing Article IV.A with the following:

 

“A. COMMON STOCK

 

The rights, powers, preferences, privileges, restrictions and other matters relating to the Common Stock are as follows:

 

1.1 Identical Rights.  Except as otherwise expressly provided in the Certificate of Incorporation or required by applicable law, shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock shall have the same rights and powers (including as to dividends and distributions, and any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation but excluding voting and other matters as described in Article IV.A, Section 1.2 below), share ratably and be identical in all respects as to all matters, including:

 

(a)               Subject to the prior rights of holders of any classes and series of stock at the time outstanding having prior rights as to dividends, the holders of the Common Stock shall be entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the “Board”), out of any assets of the Corporation legally available therefor, such dividends as may be declared from time to time by the Board. Any dividends paid to the holders of shares of Common Stock shall be paid pro rata to the holders of the Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock, on an equal priority, pari passu basis.

 

(b) the Corporation shall not declare or pay any dividend or make any other distribution to the holders of Common Stock payable in securities of the Corporation unless the same dividend or distribution with the same record date and payment date shall be declared and paid on all shares of Common Stock; provided, however, that (i) dividends or other distributions payable in shares of Class A Common Stock or rights to acquire shares of Class A Common Stock may be declared and paid to the holders of Class A Common Stock without the same dividend or distribution being declared and paid to the holders of Class B Common Stock if, and only if, a dividend payable in shares of Class B Common Stock, or rights to acquire shares of Class B Common Stock, are

 

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declared and paid to the holders of Class B Common Stock at the same rate and with the same record date and payment date and (ii) dividends or other distributions payable in shares of Class B Common Stock or rights to acquire shares of Class B Common Stock may be declared and paid to the holders of Class B Common Stock without the same dividend or distribution being declared and paid to the holders of Class A Common Stock if, and only if, a dividend payable in shares of Class A Common Stock, or rights to acquire shares of Class A Common Stock, are declared and paid to the holders of Class A Common Stock at the same rate and with the same record date and payment date; and for the avoidance of doubt, nothing in this paragraph (b) shall prevent the Corporation from declaring and paying dividends or other distributions payable in shares of one class of Common Stock or rights to acquire one class of Common Stock to holders of all classes of Common Stock.

 

(c) If the Corporation in any manner reclassifies, subdivides or combines the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock, then the outstanding shares of all Common Stock will be concurrently therewith be proportionately reclassified, subdivided or combined in a manner that maintains the same proportionate equity ownership and voting rights between the holders of the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock and the holders of the outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock on the record date for such reclassification, subdivision or combination.

 

1.2 Voting Rights.

 

(a) Common Stock.

 

(i) Class A Common Stock. Each holder of shares of Class A Common Stock will be entitled to one vote for each share thereof held at the record date for the determination of the stockholders entitled to vote on such matters.

 

(ii) Class B Common Stock. From and after the closing of a Qualified Public Offering, each holder of shares of Class B Common Stock will be entitled to ten votes for each share thereof held at the record date for the determination of the stockholders entitled to vote on such matters.  Prior to the closing of a Qualified Public Offering, each holder of shares of Class B Common Stock will be entitled to one vote for each share thereof held at the record date for the determination of the stockholders entitled to vote on such matters.

 

(b) General. Except as otherwise provided in this Amended and Restated Certificate or as required by law, the holders of Class A Common Stock and the holders of Class B Common Stock will vote together as a single class and not as separate series or classes; provided, however, that, except as otherwise required by the DGCL or other applicable law, holders of shares of Common Stock, as such, shall not be entitled to vote on any amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation (including any certificate of

 

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designations relating to any class or series of Preferred Stock) that relates solely to the terms of one or more outstanding classes or series of Preferred Stock if the holders of such affected class or series are entitled, either separately or together with the holders of one or more other such classes or series, to vote thereon pursuant to this Certificate of Incorporation (including any certificate of designations relating to any class or series of Preferred Stock) or pursuant to the DGCL.

 

(c) Authorized Shares. The number of authorized shares of Common Stock or any class or series thereof may be increased or decreased (but not below (i) the number of shares of Common Stock or, in the case of a class or series of Common Stock, such class or series, then outstanding plus (ii) with respect to Class A Common Stock, the number of shares reserved for issuance pursuant to Article IV.A, Section 1.4(e)) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of all outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote, irrespective of the provisions of Section 242(b)(2) of the General Corporation Law.

 

1.3 Liquidation Rights.

 

(a) In the event of a Liquidation Event, subject to the rights of any Preferred Stock that may then be outstanding, and subject to Article IV.C, Section 1.3(c), the assets of the Corporation legally available for distribution to stockholders shall be distributed on an equal priority, pro rata basis to the holders of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock.

 

(b) Subject to Article IV.C, Section 1.3(c), any merger or consolidation of the Corporation with or into any other entity, that is not a Liquidation Event, shall require approval of the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock entitled to vote thereon and by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock entitled to vote thereon, each voting separately as a class, unless (i) the shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to such merger or consolidation are treated equally, identically and ratably, on a per share basis, including whether such shares remain outstanding with respect to any consideration into which such shares are converted or any consideration paid or otherwise distributed to stockholders of the Corporation in respect thereof; and (ii) such shares are converted on a pro rata basis into shares of the surviving entity or its Parent in such transaction having substantially identical rights, powers and privileges to the shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock in effect immediately prior to such merger or consolidation, respectively.

 

(c) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Article IV.C, Section 1.3, (i) consideration to be paid or received by a holder of Common Stock in connection with any Liquidation Event or any merger or consolidation of the Corporation with or into any entity pursuant to any employment, consulting, severance or similar services arrangement shall not be deemed to be a “distribution to stockholders” for the purpose of this Article IV.C, Section 1.3; and (ii) holders of shares of Class A Common

 

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Stock and holders of shares of Class B Common Stock may receive, or have the right to elect to receive, different or disproportionate consideration in connection with such Liquidation Event or such merger or consolidation of the Corporation, if the only difference in the per share consideration to the holders of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock is that any securities distributed to the holder of a share of Class B Common Stock have a greater number of votes per share (but in no event greater than ten (10) times) the voting power of any securities distributed to the holder of a share of Class A Common Stock.

 

1.4 Conversion of the Class B Common Stock. The Class B Common Stock will be convertible into Class A Common Stock as follows:

 

(a) Each share of Class B Common Stock will automatically convert into one fully paid and nonassessable share of Class A Common Stock on the Final Conversion Date.

 

(b) With respect to any holder of Class B Common Stock, each share of Class B Common Stock held by such holder will automatically be converted into one fully paid and nonassessable share of Class A Common Stock, as follows:

 

(i) on the affirmative written election of such holder or, if later, at the time or the happening of a future event specified in such written election (which election may be revoked by such holder prior to the date on which the automatic conversion would otherwise occur unless otherwise specified by such holder);

 

(ii) on the occurrence of a Transfer of such share of Class B Common Stock, other than a Permitted Transfer; or

 

(iii) with respect to Class B Common Stock held by a holder who is a natural person (other than the Founder), or a Permitted Transferee or Permitted Entity of such natural person, upon the death of such natural person.

 

(c) Procedures. The Corporation may, from time to time, establish such policies and procedures relating to the conversion of the Class B Common Stock to Class A Common Stock and the general administration of this dual class stock structure, including the issuance of stock certificates with respect thereto, as it may deem necessary or advisable, and may from time to time request that holders of shares of Class B Common Stock furnish certifications, affidavits or other proof to the Corporation as it deems necessary to verify the ownership of Class B Common Stock and to confirm that a conversion to Class A Common Stock has not occurred. A determination by the Corporation as to whether or not a Transfer has occurred and results in a conversion to Class A Common Stock shall be conclusive and binding.

 

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(d) Immediate Effect. In the event of and upon a conversion of shares of Class B Common Stock to shares of Class A Common Stock pursuant to Article IV.C, Section 1.4(b)(ii) or Section 1.4(b)(iii), such conversion shall be deemed effective at the time that the Transfer or death, as applicable, occurred, and in the event of an upon a conversion of shares of Class B Common Stock to shares of Class A Common Stock pursuant to Article IV.C, Section 1.4(a), such conversion shall be deemed effective immediately upon the Final Conversion Date, subject in all cases to any transition periods specifically provided for in this Amended and Restated Certificate. Upon any conversion of Class B Common Stock to Class A Common Stock in accordance with this Amended and Restated Certificate, all rights of the holder of Class B Common Stock shall cease and the person or persons in whose names or names the certificate or certificates representing the shares of Class A Common Stock are to be issued shall be treated for all purposes as having become the record holder or holders of such shares of Class A Common Stock.

 

(e) Reservation of Stock Issuable Upon Conversion. The Corporation will at all times reserve and keep available out of its authorized but unissued shares of Class A Common Stock, solely for the purpose of effecting the conversion of the shares of the Class B Common Stock, such number of its shares of Class A Common Stock as shall from time to time be sufficient to effect the conversion of all outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock; and if at any time the number of authorized but unissued shares of Class A Common Stock will not be sufficient to effect the conversion of all then-outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock, the Corporation will take such corporate action as may, in the opinion of its counsel, be necessary to increase its authorized but unissued shares of Class A Common Stock to such number of shares as will be sufficient for such purpose.

 

(f) No Reissuance of Class B Common Stock. No share or shares of Class B Common Stock acquired by the Corporation by reason of redemption, purchase, conversion or otherwise shall be reissued, and all such shares shall be cancelled, retired and eliminated from the shares that the Corporation shall be authorized to issue.

 

1.5 Class B Protective Provisions. Prior to the Final Conversion Date, the Corporation shall not, without the prior affirmative vote of the holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock, voting as a separate class, in addition to any other vote required by applicable law or this Amended and Restated Certificate:

 

(a) directly or indirectly, whether by amendment, or through merger, recapitalization, consolidation or otherwise, amend or repeal, or adopt any provision of this Amended and Restated Certificate inconsistent with, or otherwise alter, any provision of this Amended and Restated Certificate that modifies the voting, conversion or other rights, powers, preferences, privileges or restrictions of the Class B Common Stock;

 

(b) reclassify any outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock into shares having (i) rights as to dividends or liquidation that are senior to the Class B Common Stock or (ii) the right to have more than one (1) vote for each share thereof, except as required by law;

 

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(c)  issue any shares of Class B Common Stock (other than shares of Class B Common Stock originally issued by the Corporation after the IPO Date pursuant to the exercise or conversion of options or warrants or settlement of RSUs that, in each case, are outstanding as of the IPO Date); or

 

(d) authorize, or issue any shares of, any class or series of capital stock of the Corporation having the right to more than (1) vote for each share thereof.

 

1.6 Definitions. For purposes of this Article IV.A, the following definitions apply:

 

(a)                                 [Reserved].

 

(b)                                 Disability” or “Disabled” means the permanent and total disability of the Founder such that the Founder is unable to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death within 12 months or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months as determined by a licensed medical practitioner jointly selected by a majority of the Independent Directors and the Founder. If the Founder is incapable of selecting a licensed physician, then the Founder’s spouse shall make the selection on behalf of the Founder, or in the absence or incapacity of the Founder’s spouse, the Founder’s adult children by majority vote shall make the selection on behalf of the Founder, or in the absence of adult children of the Founder or their inability to act by majority vote, a natural person then acting as the successor trustee of a revocable living trust which was created by the Founder and which holds more shares of all classes of capital stock of the Corporation than any other revocable living trust created by the Founder shall make the selection on behalf of the Founder, or in absence of any such successor trustee, the legal guardian or conservator of the estate of the Founder shall make the selection on behalf of the Founder.

 

(c)                                  [Reserved]

 

(d)                                 Final Conversion Date” means the earliest to occur of:

 

(i) the date specified by the holders of two-thirds of the then outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock, voting as a separate class;

 

(ii) the first date on which the number of outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock represents less than 5% of the aggregate number of outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock, taken together as a single class; provided that shares of Class A Common Stock issued after the IPO Date in connection with any acquisition by the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries of the securities, business, technology, property or other assets of another person or entity or in connection with the entry by the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries into any joint venture, commercial relationship or other strategic transaction (any such shares of Class A Common Stock, “Acquisition Securities”) shall not be considered to be “outstanding” for the purposes of this Section 1.6(d)(ii); provided further that a determination by the Board

 

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as to whether shares of Class A Common Stock constitute Acquisition Securities shall be conclusive and binding; or

 

(iii)  the date that is nine months after the death or Disability of the Founder; provided, that such date may be extended (but not for a total period of longer than eighteen (18) months from the date of such death or Disability) to a date approved by a majority of the Independent Directors then in office.  From the time of the death or Disability of the Founder until the Final Conversion Date, Voting Control over the Founder’s shares (including shares held of record by the Founder’s Permitted Entities and Permitted Transferees) shall be exercised in accordance with any proxy or voting agreement entered into in accordance with Article IV.A, Section 1.6(q)(iv) of this Certificate of Incorporation, or, if no such proxy or voting agreement is in place at the time of such death or Disability, a person (including a person serving as trustee) previously designated by the Founder and approved by the Board may exercise Voting Control over the Founder’s shares (including shares held of record by the Founder’s Permitted Entities and Permitted Transferees) of Class B Common Stock.

 

(e)                                  Founder” means George Kurtz.

 

(f)                                   Identified Fund Stockholder” means each of (i) Accel Leaders Fund L.P., Accel Leaders Fund Investors 2016 L.L.C., Accel London III L.P., Accel London Investors 2012 L.P., Accel Growth Fund II L.P., Accel Growth Fund II Strategic Partners L.P., Accel Growth Fund Investors 2013 L.L.C. (together with its successors), (ii) CapitalG LP and CapitalG 2015 LP (together with their successors), and (iii) Warburg Pincus Private Equity X, L.P. and Warburg Pincus X Partners, L.P. (together with its successors).

 

(g)                                  Identified Fund Stockholder Permitted Entity” of an Identified Fund Stockholder means an investment fund that is managed or advised by the manager or advisor of such Identified Fund Stockholder.

 

(h)                                 Independent Directors” means the members of the Board designated as independent directors in accordance with the Listing Standards.

 

(i)                                     IPO Date” means the first date that shares of a class of the Corporation’s capital stock have been listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange, the Nasdaq Stock Market or any successor markets or exchanges (each, a “Securities Exchange”).

 

(j)                                    Liquidation Event” means any liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the Corporation, whether voluntary or involuntary.

 

(k)                                 Listing Standards” means (i) the requirements of any national stock exchange under which the Corporation’s equity securities are listed for trading that are generally applicable to companies with common equity securities listed thereon or (ii) if the Corporation’s equity securities are not listed for trading on a national stock exchange, the requirements of the New York Stock Exchange generally applicable to companies with equity securities listed thereon.

 

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(l)                                     Parent” of an entity means any entity that directly or indirectly owns or controls a majority of the voting power of the voting securities of such entity.

 

(m)                             Permitted Entity” means, with respect to any Qualified Stockholder, any trust, account, plan, corporation, partnership, limited liability company or charitable organization, foundation or similar entity specified in Article IV.A, Section 1.6(n)(ii) with respect to such Qualified Stockholder, so long as such Permitted Entity meets the requirements of the exception set forth in Article IV.A, Section 1.6(n) applicable to such Permitted Entity.

 

(n)                                 Permitted Transfer” means any of the following:

 

(i) any Transfer of a share of Class B Common Stock from the Founder, from the Founder’s Permitted Entities or from the Founder’s Permitted Transferees, to the Founder’s estate or heirs as a result of the Founder’s death; provided that any Voting Control following the Founder’s death is exercised in accordance with a proxy or voting agreement entered into in compliance with the provisions set forth in Article IV.A, Section 1.6(d)(iii) hereof; and

 

(ii) any Transfer of a share of Class B Common Stock by a Qualified Stockholder to any of the Permitted Entities listed below and from any of the Permitted Entities listed below to such Qualified Stockholder or to such Qualified Stockholder’s other Permitted Entities:

 

A.           a trust for the benefit of such Qualified Stockholder or persons other than the Qualified Stockholder so long as a Qualified Stockholder has sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Class B Common Stock held by such trust; provided such transfer does not involve any payment of cash, securities, property or other consideration (other than an interest in such trust) to the holder of shares of Class B Common Stock; provided that in the event a Qualified Stockholder no longer has sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Class B Common Stock held by such trust, each such share of Class B Common Stock then held by such trust shall automatically convert into one (1) fully paid and nonassessable share of Class A Common Stock;

 

B.           a trust under the terms of which a Qualified Stockholder has retained a “qualified interest” within the meaning of §2702(b)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code or a reversionary interest so long as a Qualified Stockholder has sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Class B Common Stock held by such trust; provided, however, that in the event a Qualified Stockholder no longer has sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Class B Common Stock held by such trust, each such share of Class B Common Stock then held by such trust shall automatically convert into one (1) fully paid and nonassessable share of Class A Common Stock;

 

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C.    an Individual Retirement Account, as defined in Section 408(a) of the Internal Revenue Code, or a pension, profit sharing, stock bonus or other type of plan or trust of which such Qualified Stockholder is a participant or beneficiary and which satisfies the requirements for qualification under Section 401 of the Internal Revenue Code; provided that in each case such Qualified Stockholder has sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Class B Common Stock held in such account, plan or trust, and provided, further, that in the event the Qualified Stockholder no longer has sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Class B Common Stock held by such account, plan or trust, each such share of Class B Common Stock then held by such account, plan or trust shall automatically convert into one (1) fully paid and nonassessable share of Class A Common Stock;

 

D.    a corporation in which such Qualified Stockholder directly, or indirectly through one or more Permitted Entities, owns shares with sufficient Voting Control in the corporation, or otherwise has legally enforceable rights, such that the Qualified Stockholder retains sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Class B Common Stock held by such corporation; provided that in the event the Qualified Stockholder no longer owns sufficient shares or no longer has sufficient legally enforceable rights to ensure the Qualified Stockholder retains sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Class B Common Stock held by such corporation, each such share of Class B Common Stock then held by such corporation shall automatically convert into one (1) fully paid and nonassessable share of Class A Common Stock;

 

E.    a partnership in which such Qualified Stockholder directly, or indirectly through one or more Permitted Entities, owns partnership interests with sufficient Voting Control in the partnership, or otherwise has legally enforceable rights, such that the Qualified Stockholder retains sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Class B Common Stock held by such partnership; provided that in the event the Qualified Stockholder no longer owns sufficient partnership interests or no longer has sufficient legally enforceable rights to ensure the Qualified Stockholder retains sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Class B Common Stock held by such partnership, each such share Class B Common Stock then held by such partnership shall automatically convert into one (1) fully paid and nonassessable share of Class A Common Stock;

 

F.    a limited liability company in which such Qualified Stockholder directly, or indirectly through one or more Permitted Entities, owns membership interests with sufficient Voting Control in the limited liability company, or otherwise has legally enforceable rights, such that the Qualified Stockholder retains sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the

 

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shares of Class B Common Stock held by such limited liability company; provided that in the event the Qualified Stockholder no longer owns sufficient membership interests or no longer has sufficient legally enforceable rights to ensure the Qualified Stockholder to retain sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Class B Common Stock held by such limited liability company, each such share of Class B Common Stock then held by such limited liability company shall automatically convert into one (1) fully paid and nonassessable share of Class A Common Stock;

 

G.    any charitable organization, foundation or similar entity established by a Qualified Stockholder directly, or indirectly through one or more Permitted Entities, so long as such Qualified Stockholder has sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Class B Common Stock held by such entity; provided such Transfer does not involve any payment of cash, securities, property or other consideration (other than an interest in such entity) to such Qualified Stockholder; provided, further, that in the event a Qualified Stockholder no longer has sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Class B Common Stock held by such entity, each share of Class B Common Stock then held by such entity shall automatically convert into one (1) fully paid and nonassessable share of Class A Common Stock; or

 

H.   in the case of a Qualified Stockholder that is an Identified Fund Stockholder, any Transfer of a share of Class B Common Stock by such Identified Fund Stockholder to any Identified Fund Stockholder Permitted Entity, and any transfer of a share of Class B Common Stock by an Identified Fund Stockholder Permitted Entity of an Identified Fund Stockholder to any other Identified Fund Stockholder Permitted Entity of such Identified Fund Stockholder; provided, that in the event that such transferee is no longer an Identified Fund Stockholder Permitted Entity of such Identified Fund Stockholder, each share of Class B Common Stock then held by such Identified Fund Stockholder Permitted Entity shall automatically convert into one (1) fully paid and nonassessable share of Class A Common Stock.

 

For the avoidance of doubt, to the extent any shares are deemed to be held by a trustee of a trust described in Article IV.A, Section 1.6(n)(ii)(A) or (B) above, the Transfer shall be a Permitted Transfer and the trustee shall be deemed a Permitted Entity so long as the other requirements of Article IV, Section 1.6(n)(ii)(A) or (B) above are otherwise satisfied.

 

(o)           “Permitted Transferee” means a transferee of shares of Class B Common Stock, or rights or interests therein, received in a Transfer that constitutes a Permitted Transfer.

 

(p)           “Qualified Stockholder” means (i) any registered holder of a share of Class B Common Stock immediately after the IPO Date; (ii) the initial registered holder of any shares of Class B Common Stock that are originally issued by the Corporation after the IPO Date pursuant to the exercise or conversion of options or warrants or settlement of restricted stock

 

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units (“RSUs”) that, in each case, are outstanding as of the IPO Date; (iii) a Permitted Transferee; and (iv) the initial registered holder of any shares of Class B Common Stock that are originally issued by the Corporation after the IPO Date in compliance with the Certificate of Incorporation.

 

(q)           “Transfer” of a share of Class B Common Stock means any direct or indirect sale, assignment, transfer, conveyance, hypothecation or other transfer or disposition of such share or any legal or beneficial interest in such share, whether or not for value and whether voluntary or involuntary or by operation of law (including by merger, consolidation or otherwise) after 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on the IPO Date, including, without limitation, a transfer of a share of Class B Common Stock to a broker or other nominee (regardless of whether there is a corresponding change in beneficial ownership), or the transfer of, or entering into a binding agreement with respect to, Voting Control (as defined below) over such share by proxy or otherwise. A “Transfer” will also be deemed to have occurred with respect to all shares of Class B Common Stock beneficially held by an entity that is a Qualified Stockholder, if after 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on the IPO Date there is a Transfer on a cumulative basis of a majority of the voting power of the voting securities of such entity or any direct or indirect Parent of such entity, such that the previous holders of such voting power no longer retain Voting Control with respect to the shares of Class B Common Stock held by such entity. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the following will not be considered a “Transfer”:

 

(i) granting a revocable proxy to officers or directors of the Corporation at the request of the Board in connection with actions to be taken at an annual or special meeting of stockholders or in connection with any action by written consent of the stockholders solicited by the Board;

 

(ii) entering into a voting trust, agreement or arrangement (with or without granting a proxy) solely with stockholders who are holders of Class B Common Stock, which voting trust, agreement or arrangement (A) is disclosed either in a Schedule 13D filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission or in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation, (B) either has a term not exceeding one year or is terminable by the holder of the shares subject thereto at any time and (C) does not involve any payment of cash, securities, property or other consideration to the holder of the shares subject thereto other than the mutual promise to vote shares in a designated manner;

 

(iii) pledging shares of Class B Common Stock by a stockholder that creates a mere security interest in such shares pursuant to a bona fide loan or indebtedness transaction for so long as such stockholder continues to exercise Voting Control over such pledged shares; provided, however, that a foreclosure on such shares or other similar action by the pledgee will constitute a “Transfer” unless such foreclosure or similar action qualifies as a “Permitted Transfer” at such time;

 

(iv) granting a proxy by the Founder, the Founder’s Permitted Entities or the Founder’s Permitted Transferees to a person designated by the Founder and approved by a majority of the Independent Directors then in office, to exercise Voting Control of shares of Class B Common Stock owned directly or indirectly, beneficially and of record,

 

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by the Founder, the Founder’s Permitted Entities the Founder’s Permitted Transferees, the Founder’s estate or the Founder’s heirs, or over which the Founder has Voting Control pursuant to proxy or voting agreements then in place, effective either (A) on the death of the Founder or (B) during any Disability of the Founder, including the exercise of such proxy by such person;

 

(v) granting a proxy to, or entering into a voting arrangement with, the Founder to exercise Voting Control of shares of Class B Common Stock owned directly or indirectly, beneficially and of record by any holder of Class B Common Stock in a form approved by a majority of the Independent Directors then in office;

 

(vi) entering into a trading plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, with a broker or other nominee; provided, however, that a sale of such shares of Class B Common Stock pursuant to such plan shall constitute a “Transfer” at the time of such sale;

 

(vii) the fact that the spouse of any Qualified Stockholder possesses or obtains an interest in such holder’s shares of Class B Common Stock arising solely by reason of the application of the community property laws of any jurisdiction, so long as no other event or circumstance shall exist or have occurred that constitutes a “Transfer”; and

 

(viii) entering into a support, voting, tender or similar agreement, arrangement or understanding (with or without granting a proxy) in connection with a Liquidation Event, provided that such Liquidation Event was approved by a majority of the Independent Directors then in office.

 

(r)            “Voting Control” means, with respect to a share of capital stock or other security, the power (whether exclusive or shared) to vote or direct the voting of such security, including by proxy, voting agreement or otherwise.

 

RESOLVED, that the first sentence of Section 4.1.1(a) of Article IV.B shall be amended in its entirety to read as follows:

 

“Each share of Preferred Stock shall be convertible, at the option of the holder thereof, at any time and from time to time, and without the payment of additional consideration by the holder thereof, into such number of fully paid and nonassessable shares of Class B Common Stock as is determined by dividing the Series A-1 Original Issue Price, Series B Original Issue Price, Series C Original Issue Price, Series D Original Issue Price, Series D-1 Original Issue Price, or Series E/E-1 Original Issue Price, as applicable, by the Series A-1 Conversion Price, Series B Conversion Price, Series C Conversion Price, Series D Conversion Price, Series D-1 Conversion Price, or Series E/E-1 Conversion Price, as applicable (as defined below) in effect at the time of conversion.”

 

RESOLVED, that new Section 4.4.1(a)(vii) of Article IV.B shall be added as follows:

 

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(vii) shares of Class A Common Stock issued upon conversion of shares of Class B Common Stock, or shares of Class B Common Stock issued upon conversion of shares of Old Common Stock.

 

RESOLVED, that Section 5 of Article IV.B shall be amended in its entirety to read as follows:

 

“5. Mandatory Conversion

 

Each share of Preferred Stock shall, upon the closing of the Corporation’s sale of shares of its Common Stock to the public on the New York Stock Exchange, the Nasdaq Global Market or other internationally recognized stock exchange in a firm commitment underwritten public offering pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, other than pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-4 or Form S-8 or any similar or successor form, which places an implied pre-money valuation of the Corporation immediately prior to such initial public offering of at least $400 million, and which results in at least $75 million of proceeds, net of the underwriting discount and commissions, to the Corporation and/or the selling stockholders (a “Qualified Public Offering”), without any action on the part of the holders of shares of Preferred Stock, automatically convert into fully paid, non-assessable shares of Class B Common Stock, in each case at the applicable Conversion Rate for such share in effect at such time.”

 

3.  The foregoing amendment was duly adopted in accordance with the provisions of Section 242 of the General Corporation Law by written consent of the stockholders holding the requisite number of shares required by statute given in accordance with and pursuant to Section 228 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Certificate of Amendment of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation has been executed by a duly authorized officer of this corporation on this 28th day of May, 2019.

 

 

By:

/s/ George Kurtz

 

Name:

George Kurtz

 

Title:

President and Chief Executive Officer

 

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Exhibit 3.2

 

AMENDED AND RESTATED

 

CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION

 

OF

 

CROWDSTRIKE HOLDINGS, INC.

 

CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc., a corporation organized under the laws of Delaware, hereby certifies as follows:

 

1.                                      The name of the corporation is CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.  The original Certificate of Incorporation of the corporation was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on November 7, 2011.

 

2.                                      This Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation was duly adopted in accordance with Sections 242 and 245 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, and has been duly approved by the written consent of the corporation’s stockholders in accordance with Section 228 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.

 

3.                                      The text of the Certificate of Incorporation is hereby amended and restated in its entirety as follows:

 

ARTICLE I

 

NAME

 

The name of the corporation is CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc. (the “Corporation”).

 

ARTICLE II

 

REGISTERED OFFICE AND AGENT

 

The address of the registered office of the Corporation in the State of Delaware is 251 Little Falls Drive, Wilmington, in the county of New Castle, Delaware 19808. The name of the registered agent of the Corporation at such address is Corporation Service Company.

 

ARTICLE III

 

PURPOSE AND POWERS

 

The purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “Delaware General Corporation Law”).

 


 

ARTICLE IV

 

CAPITAL STOCK

 

1.                                      Authorized Shares.     The total number of shares of stock that the Corporation shall have authority to issue is 2,400,000,000, consisting of (a) 2,300,000,000 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.0005 per share (the “Common Stock”), 2,000,000,000 shares of which are designated Class A Common Stock, par value $0.0005 per share (the “Class A Common Stock”) and 300,000,000 shares of which are designated Class B Common Stock, par value $0.0005 per share (the “Class B Common Stock”), and (b) 100,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, par value $0.0005 per share (the “Preferred Stock”).

 

2.                                      Preferred Stock.  The Board of Directors is hereby empowered, without any action or vote by the Corporation’s stockholders (except as may otherwise be provided by the terms of any class or series of Preferred Stock then outstanding), to authorize by resolution or resolutions from time to time the issuance of one or more classes or series of Preferred Stock and to fix the designations, powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other rights, if any, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, if any, with respect to each such class or series of Preferred Stock and the number of shares constituting each such class or series, and to increase or decrease the number of shares of any such class or series to the extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law.

 

3.                                      Common Stock.

 

The rights, powers, preferences, privileges, restrictions and other matters relating to the Common Stock are as follows:

 

3.1                               Identical Rights.  Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Amended and Restated Certificate or required by applicable law, shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock shall have the same rights and powers (including as to dividends and distributions, and any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation but excluding voting and other matters as described in Article IV, Section 3.2 below), share ratably and be identical in all respects as to all matters, including:

 

(a)                            Subject to the prior rights of holders of any classes and series of stock at the time outstanding having prior rights as to dividends, the holders of the Common Stock shall be entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors, out of any assets of the Corporation legally available therefor, such dividends as may be declared from time to time by the Board of Directors. Any dividends paid to the holders of shares of Common Stock shall be paid pro rata to the holders of the Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock, on an equal priority, pari passu basis.

 

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(b)                            The Corporation shall not declare or pay any dividend or make any other distribution to the holders of Common Stock payable in securities of the Corporation unless the same dividend or distribution with the same record date and payment date shall be declared and paid on all shares of Common Stock; provided, however, that (i) dividends or other distributions payable in shares of Class A Common Stock or rights to acquire shares of Class A Common Stock may be declared and paid to the holders of Class A Common Stock without the same dividend or distribution being declared and paid to the holders of Class B Common Stock if, and only if, a dividend payable in shares of Class B Common Stock, or rights to acquire shares of Class B Common Stock, are declared and paid to the holders of Class B Common Stock at the same rate and with the same record date and payment date and (ii) dividends or other distributions payable in shares of Class B Common Stock or rights to acquire shares of Class B Common Stock may be declared and paid to the holders of Class B Common Stock without the same dividend or distribution being declared and paid to the holders of Class A Common Stock if, and only if, a dividend payable in shares of Class A Common Stock, or rights to acquire shares of Class A Common Stock, are declared and paid to the holders of Class A Common Stock at the same rate and with the same record date and payment date; and for the avoidance of doubt, nothing in this paragraph (b) shall prevent the Corporation from declaring and paying dividends or other distributions payable in shares of one class of Common Stock or rights to acquire one class of Common Stock to holders of all classes of Common Stock.

 

(c)                             If the Corporation in any manner reclassifies, subdivides or combines the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock, then the outstanding shares of all Common Stock will be concurrently therewith be proportionately reclassified, subdivided or combined in a manner that maintains the same proportionate equity ownership and voting rights between the holders of the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock and the holders of the outstanding shares of Class B Common stock on the record date for such reclassification, subdivision or combination.

 

3.2                               Voting Rights.

 

(a)                            Common Stock.

 

(i)                               Class A Common Stock. Each holder of shares of Class A Common Stock will be entitled to one vote for each share thereof held at the record date for the determination of the stockholders entitled to vote on such matters.

 

(ii)                            Class B Common Stock. Each holder of shares of Class B Common Stock will be entitled to ten votes for each share thereof held at the record date for the determination of the stockholders entitled to vote on such matters.

 

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(b)                            General. Except as otherwise provided in this Amended and Restated Certificate or as required by law, the holders of Class A Common Stock and the holders of Class B Common Stock will vote together as a single class and not as separate series or classes; provided, however, that, except as otherwise required by the Delaware General Corporation Law or other applicable law, holders of shares of Common Stock, as such, shall not be entitled to vote on any amendment to this Amended and Restated Certificate (including any certificate of designations relating to any class or series of Preferred Stock) that relates solely to the terms of one or more outstanding classes or series of Preferred Stock if the holders of such affected class or series are entitled, either separately or together with the holders of one or more other such classes or series, to vote thereon pursuant to this Certificate of Incorporation (including any certificate of designations relating to any class or series of Preferred Stock) or pursuant to the Delaware General Corporation Law.

 

(c)                             Authorized Shares. The number of authorized shares of Common Stock or any class or series thereof may be increased or decreased (but not below (i) the number of shares of Common Stock or, in the case of a class or series of Common Stock, such class or series, then outstanding plus (ii) with respect to Class A Common Stock, the number of shares reserved for issuance pursuant to Article IV, Section 3.4(e)) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock, voting together as a single class, irrespective of the provisions of Section 242(b)(2) of the Delaware General Corporation Law; provided, that the number of authorized shares of Class B Common Stock shall not be increased without the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock, voting as a separate class.

 

3.3                               Liquidation Rights.

 

(a)                            In the event of a Liquidation Event, subject to the rights of any Preferred Stock that may then be outstanding, and subject to Article IV, Section 3.3(c), the assets of the Corporation legally available for distribution to stockholders shall be distributed on an equal priority, pro rata basis to the holders of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock.

 

(b)                            Subject to Article IV, Section 3.3(c), any merger or consolidation of the Corporation with or into any other entity, that is not a Liquidation Event, shall require approval of the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock entitled to vote thereon and by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock entitled to vote thereon, each voting separately as a class, unless (i) the shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to such merger or consolidation are treated equally, identically and ratably, on a per share basis, including whether such shares remain outstanding with respect to any consideration into which such shares are converted or any consideration paid or otherwise distributed to stockholders of the

 

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Corporation in respect thereof; and (ii) such shares are converted on a pro rata basis into shares of the surviving entity or its Parent in such transaction having substantially identical rights, powers and privileges to the shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock in effect immediately prior to such merger or consolidation, respectively.

 

(c)                             Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Article IV, Section 3.3, (i) consideration to be paid or received by a holder of Common Stock in connection with any Liquidation Event or any merger or consolidation of the Corporation with or into any entity pursuant to any employment, consulting, severance or similar services arrangement shall not be deemed to be a “distribution to stockholders” for the purpose of this Article IV, Section 3.3; and (ii) holders of shares of Class A Common Stock and holders of shares of Class B Common Stock may receive, or have the right to elect to receive, different or disproportionate consideration in connection with such Liquidation Event or such merger or consolidation of the Corporation, if the only difference in the per share consideration to the holders of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock is that any securities distributed to the holder of a share of Class B Common Stock have a greater number of votes per share (but in no event greater than ten (10) times) the voting power of any securities distributed to the holder of a share of Class A Common Stock.

 

3.4                               Conversion of the Class B Common Stock. The Class B Common Stock will be convertible into Class A Common Stock as follows:

 

(a)                            Each share of Class B Common Stock will automatically convert into one fully paid and nonassessable share of Class A Common Stock on the Final Conversion Date.

 

(b)                            With respect to any holder of Class B Common Stock, each share of Class B Common Stock held by such holder will automatically be converted into one fully paid and nonassessable share of Class A Common Stock, as follows:

 

(i)                               on the affirmative written election of such holder or, if later, at the time or the happening of a future event specified in such written election (which election may be revoked by such holder prior to the date on which the automatic conversion would otherwise occur unless otherwise specified by such holder);

 

(ii)                            on the occurrence of a Transfer of such share of Class B Common Stock, other than a Permitted Transfer; or

 

(iii)                         with respect to Class B Common Stock held by a holder who is a natural person (other than the Founder), or a Permitted Transferee or Permitted Entity of such natural person, upon the death of such natural person.

 

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(c)                             Procedures. The Corporation may, from time to time, establish such policies and procedures relating to the conversion of the Class B Common Stock to Class A Common Stock and the general administration of this dual class stock structure, including the issuance of stock certificates with respect thereto, as it may deem necessary or advisable, and may from time to time request that holders of shares of Class B Common Stock furnish certifications, affidavits or other proof to the Corporation as it deems necessary to verify the ownership of Class B Common Stock and to confirm that a conversion to Class A Common Stock has not occurred. A determination by the Corporation as to whether or not a Transfer has occurred and results in a conversion to Class A Common Stock shall be conclusive and binding.

 

(d)                            Immediate Effect. In the event of and upon a conversion of shares of Class B Common Stock to shares of Class A Common Stock pursuant to Article IV, Section 3.4(b)(ii) or Section 3.4(b)(iii), such conversion shall be deemed effective at the time that the Transfer or death, as applicable, occurred, and in the event of an upon a conversion of shares of Class B Common Stock to shares of Class A Common Stock pursuant to Article IV, Section 3.4(a), such conversion shall be deemed effective immediately upon the Final Conversion Date, subject in all cases to any transition periods specifically provided for in this Amended and Restated Certificate. Upon any conversion of Class B Common Stock to Class A Common Stock in accordance with this Amended and Restated Certificate, all rights of the holder of Class B Common Stock shall cease and the person or persons in whose names or names the certificate or certificates representing the shares of Class A Common Stock are to be issued shall be treated for all purposes as having become the record holder or holders of such shares of Class A Common Stock.

 

(e)                             Reservation of Stock Issuable Upon Conversion. The Corporation will at all times reserve and keep available out of its authorized but unissued shares of Class A Common Stock, solely for the purpose of effecting the conversion of the shares of the Class B Common Stock, such number of its shares of Class A Common Stock as shall from time to time be sufficient to effect the conversion of all outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock; and if at any time the number of authorized but unissued shares of Class A Common Stock will not be sufficient to effect the conversion of all then-outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock, the Corporation will take such corporate action as may, in the opinion of its counsel, be necessary to increase its authorized but unissued shares of Class A Common Stock to such number of shares as will be sufficient for such purpose.

 

(f)                              No Reissuance of Class B Common Stock. No share or shares of Class B Common Stock acquired by the Corporation by reason of redemption, purchase, conversion or otherwise shall be reissued, and all such shares shall be cancelled, retired and eliminated from the shares that the Corporation shall be authorized to issue.

 

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3.5                               Class B Protective Provisions. Prior to the Final Conversion Date, the Corporation shall not, without the prior affirmative vote of the holders of two-thirds the outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock, voting as a separate class, in addition to any other vote required by applicable law or this Amended and Restated Certificate:

 

(a)                            directly or indirectly, whether by amendment, or through merger, recapitalization, consolidation or otherwise, amend or repeal, or adopt any provision of this Amended and Restated Certificate inconsistent with, or otherwise alter, any provision of this Amended and Restated Certificate that modifies the voting, conversion or other rights, powers, preferences, privileges or restrictions of the Class B Common Stock;

 

(b)                            reclassify any outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock into shares having (i) rights as to dividends or liquidation that are senior to the Class B Common Stock or (ii) the right to have more than one (1) vote for each share thereof, except as required by law;

 

(c)                             issue any shares of Class B Common Stock (other than shares of Class B Common Stock originally issued by the Corporation after the IPO Date pursuant to the exercise or conversion of options or warrants or settlement of RSUs that, in each case, are outstanding as of the IPO Date); or

 

(d)                            authorize, or issue any shares of, any class or series of capital stock of the Corporation having the right to more than (1) vote for each share thereof.

 

4.                                      Definitions. For purposes of this Article IV, the following definitions apply:

 

4.1                               Amended and Restated Certificate” means this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, as may be amended.

 

4.2                               Disability” or “Disabled” means the permanent and total disability of the Founder such that the Founder is unable to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death within 12 months or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months as determined by a licensed medical practitioner jointly selected by a majority of the Independent Directors and the Founder. If the Founder is incapable of selecting a licensed physician, then the Founder’s spouse shall make the selection on behalf of the Founder, or in the absence or incapacity of the  Founder’s spouse, the Founder’s adult children by majority vote shall make the selection on behalf of the Founder, or in the absence of adult children of the Founder or their inability to act by majority vote, a natural person then acting as the successor trustee of a revocable living trust which was created by the Founder and which holds more shares of all classes of capital stock of the Corporation than any other revocable living trust created by the Founder shall make the selection on behalf of the Founder, or in absence of any such successor trustee, the legal guardian or conservator of the estate of the Founder shall make the selection on behalf of the Founder.

 

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4.3                               Effective Date” means the date that this Amended and Restated Certificate is accepted for filing by the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware.

 

4.4                               Final Conversion Date” means the earliest to occur of:

 

(a)                            the date specified by the holders of two-thirds of the then outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock, voting as a separate class;

 

(b)                            the first date on which the number of outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock represents less than 5% of the aggregate number of outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock, taken together as a single class; provided that shares of Class A Common Stock issued after the IPO Date in connection with any acquisition by the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries of the securities, business, technology, property or other assets of another person or entity or in connection with the entry by the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries into any joint venture, commercial relationship or other strategic transaction (any such shares of Class A Common Stock, “Acquisition Securities”) shall not be considered to be “outstanding” for the purposes of this Section 4.4(b); provided further that a determination by the Board of Directors as to whether shares of Class A Common Stock constitute Acquisition Securities shall be conclusive and binding; or

 

(c)                             the date that is nine months after the death or Disability of the Founder; provided, that such date may be extended (but not for a total period of longer than eighteen (18) months from the date of such death or Disability) to a date approved by a majority of the Independent Directors then in office.  From the time of the death or Disability of the Founder until the Final Conversion Date, Voting Control over the Founder’s shares (including shares held of record by the Founder’s Permitted Entities and Permitted Transferees) shall be exercised in accordance with any proxy or voting agreement entered into in accordance with Article IV, Section 4.17(d) of this Amended and Restated Certificate or, if no such proxy or voting agreement is in place at the time of such death or Disability, a person (including a person serving as trustee) previously designated by the Founder and approved by the Board of Directors may exercise Voting Control over the Founder’s shares (including shares held of record by the Founder’s Permitted Entities and Permitted Transferees) of Class B Common Stock.

 

4.5                               Founder” means George Kurtz.

 

4.6                               Identified Fund Stockholder” means each of (i) Accel (as defined in Article IX, Section 6.1 of this Amended and Restated Certificate), (ii) CapitalG LP and CapitalG 2015 LP (together with their successors), and (iii) Warburg Pincus (as defined in Article IX, Section 6.5 of this Amended and Restated Certificate).

 

4.7                               Identified Fund Stockholder Permitted Entity” of an Identified Fund Stockholder means an investment fund that is managed or advised by the manager or advisor of such Identified Fund Stockholder.

 

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4.8                               Independent Directors” means the members of the Board of Directors designated as independent directors in accordance with the Listing Standards.

 

4.9                               IPO Date” means the first date that shares of a class of the Corporation’s capital stock have been listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange, the Nasdaq Stock Market or any successor markets or exchanges (each, a “Securities Exchange”).

 

4.10                        Liquidation Event” means any liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the Corporation, whether voluntary or involuntary.

 

4.11                        Listing Standards” means (i) the requirements of any national stock exchange under which the Corporation’s equity securities are listed for trading that are generally applicable to companies with common equity securities listed thereon or (ii) if the Corporation’s equity securities are not listed for trading on a national stock exchange, the requirements of the New York Stock Exchange generally applicable to companies with equity securities listed thereon.

 

4.12                        Parent” of an entity means any entity that directly or indirectly owns or controls a majority of the voting power of the voting securities of such entity.

 

4.13                        Permitted Entity” means, with respect to any Qualified Stockholder, any trust, account, plan, corporation, partnership, limited liability company or charitable organization, foundation or similar entity specified in Article IV, Section 4.14(b) with respect to such Qualified Stockholder, so long as such Permitted Entity meets the requirements of the exception set forth in Article IV, Section 4.14 applicable to such Permitted Entity.

 

4.14                        Permitted Transfer” means any of the following:

 

(a)                            any Transfer of a share of Class B Common Stock from the Founder, from the Founder’s Permitted Entities or from the Founder’s Permitted Transferees, to the Founder’s estate or heirs as a result of the Founder’s death; provided that any Voting Control following the Founder’s death is exercised in accordance with a proxy or voting agreement entered into in compliance with the provisions set forth in Article IV, Section 4.17(d) hereof; and

 

(b)                            any Transfer of a share of Class B Common Stock by a Qualified Stockholder to any of the Permitted Entities listed below and from any of the Permitted Entities listed below to such Qualified Stockholder or to such Qualified Stockholder’s other Permitted Entities:

 

(i)                               a trust for the benefit of such Qualified Stockholder or persons other than the Qualified Stockholder so long as a Qualified Stockholder has sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Class B Common Stock held by such trust; provided such transfer does not involve any payment of cash, securities, property or other consideration (other than an interest in such trust) to the

 

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holder of shares of Class B Common Stock; provided that in the event a Qualified Stockholder no longer has sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Class B Common Stock held by such trust, each such share of Class B Common Stock then held by such trust shall automatically convert into one (1) fully paid and nonassessable share of Class A Common Stock;

 

(ii)                            a trust under the terms of which a Qualified Stockholder has retained a “qualified interest” within the meaning of §2702(b)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code or a reversionary interest so long as a Qualified Stockholder has sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Class B Common Stock held by such trust; provided, however, that in the event a Qualified Stockholder no longer has sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Class B Common Stock held by such trust, each such share of Class B Common Stock then held by such trust shall automatically convert into one (1) fully paid and nonassessable share of Class A Common Stock;

 

(iii)                         an Individual Retirement Account, as defined in Section 408(a) of the Internal Revenue Code, or a pension, profit sharing, stock bonus or other type of plan or trust of which such Qualified Stockholder is a participant or beneficiary and which satisfies the requirements for qualification under Section 401 of the Internal Revenue Code; provided that in each case such Qualified Stockholder has sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Class B Common Stock held in such account, plan or trust, and provided, further, that in the event the Qualified Stockholder no longer has sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Class B Common Stock held by such account, plan or trust, each such share of Class B Common Stock then held by such account, plan or trust shall automatically convert into one (1) fully paid and nonassessable share of Class A Common Stock;

 

(iv)                        a corporation in which such Qualified Stockholder directly, or indirectly through one or more Permitted Entities, owns shares with sufficient Voting Control in the corporation, or otherwise has legally enforceable rights, such that the Qualified Stockholder retains sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Class B Common Stock held by such corporation; provided that in the event the Qualified Stockholder no longer owns sufficient shares or no longer has sufficient legally enforceable rights to ensure the Qualified Stockholder retains sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Class B Common Stock held by such corporation, each such share of Class B Common Stock then held by such corporation shall automatically convert into one (1) fully paid and nonassessable share of Class A Common Stock;

 

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(v)                  a partnership in which such Qualified Stockholder directly, or indirectly through one or more Permitted Entities, owns partnership interests with sufficient Voting Control in the partnership, or otherwise has legally enforceable rights, such that the Qualified Stockholder retains sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Class B Common Stock held by such partnership; provided that in the event the Qualified Stockholder no longer owns sufficient partnership interests or no longer has sufficient legally enforceable rights to ensure the Qualified Stockholder retains sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Class B Common Stock held by such partnership, each such share Class B Common Stock then held by such partnership shall automatically convert into one (1) fully paid and nonassessable share of Class A Common Stock;

 

(vi)               a limited liability company in which such Qualified Stockholder directly, or indirectly through one or more Permitted Entities, owns membership interests with sufficient Voting Control in the limited liability company, or otherwise has legally enforceable rights, such that the Qualified Stockholder retains sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Class B Common Stock held by such limited liability company; provided that in the event the Qualified Stockholder no longer owns sufficient membership interests or no longer has sufficient legally enforceable rights to ensure the Qualified Stockholder to retain sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Class B Common Stock held by such limited liability company, each such share of Class B Common Stock then held by such limited liability company shall automatically convert into one (1) fully paid and nonassessable share of Class A Common Stock;

 

(vii)            any charitable organization, foundation or similar entity established by a Qualified Stockholder directly, or indirectly through one or more Permitted Entities, so long as such Qualified Stockholder has sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Class B Common Stock held by such entity; provided such Transfer does not involve any payment of cash, securities, property or other consideration (other than an interest in such entity) to such Qualified Stockholder; provided, further, that in the event a Qualified Stockholder no longer has sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Class B Common Stock held by such entity, each share of Class B Common Stock then held by such entity shall automatically convert into one (1) fully paid and nonassessable share of Class A Common Stock; or

 

(viii)         in the case of a Qualified Stockholder that is an Identified Fund Stockholder, any Transfer of a share of Class B Common Stock by such Identified Fund Stockholder to any Identified Fund Stockholder

 

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Permitted Entity, and any transfer of a share of Class B Common Stock by an Identified Fund Stockholder Permitted Entity of an Identified Fund Stockholder to any other Identified Fund Stockholder Permitted Entity of such Identified Fund Stockholder; provided, that in the event that such transferee is no longer an Identified Fund Stockholder Permitted Entity of such Identified Fund Stockholder, each share of Class B Common Stock then held by such Identified Fund Stockholder Permitted Entity shall automatically convert into one (1) fully paid and nonassessable share of Class A Common Stock.

 

For the avoidance of doubt, to the extent any shares are deemed to be held by a trustee of a trust described in Article IV, Section 4.14(b)(i) or (ii) above, the Transfer shall be a Permitted Transfer and the trustee shall be deemed a Permitted Entity so long as the other requirements of Article IV, Section 4.14(b)(i) or (ii) above are otherwise satisfied.

 

4.15                        Permitted Transferee” means a transferee of shares of Class B Common Stock, or rights or interests therein, received in a Transfer that constitutes a Permitted Transfer.

 

4.16                        Qualified Stockholder” means (a) any registered holder of a share of Class B Common Stock immediately after the IPO Date; (b) the initial registered holder of any shares of Class B Common Stock that are originally issued by the Corporation after the IPO Date pursuant to the exercise or conversion of options or warrants or settlement of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) that, in each case, are outstanding as of the IPO Date; (c) a Permitted Transferee; and (d) the initial registered holder of any shares of Class B Common Stock that are originally issued by the Corporation after the IPO Date in compliance with this Amended and Restated Certificate.

 

4.17                        Transfer” of a share of Class B Common Stock means any direct or indirect sale, assignment, transfer, conveyance, hypothecation or other transfer or disposition of such share or any legal or beneficial interest in such share, whether or not for value and whether voluntary or involuntary or by operation of law (including by merger, consolidation or otherwise) after 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on the IPO Date, including, without limitation, a transfer of a share of Class B Common Stock to a broker or other nominee (regardless of whether there is a corresponding change in beneficial ownership), or the transfer of, or entering into a binding agreement with respect to, Voting Control (as defined below) over such share by proxy or otherwise. A “Transfer” will also be deemed to have occurred with respect to all shares of Class B Common Stock beneficially held by an entity that is a Qualified Stockholder, if after 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on the IPO Date there is a Transfer on a cumulative basis of a majority of the voting power of the voting securities of such entity or any direct or indirect Parent of such entity, such that the previous holders of such voting power no longer retain Voting Control with respect to the shares of Class B Common Stock held by such entity. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the following will not be considered a “Transfer”:

 

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(a)                            granting a revocable proxy to officers or directors of the Corporation at the request of the Board of Directors in connection with actions to be taken at an annual or special meeting of stockholders or in connection with any action by written consent of the stockholders solicited by the Board of Directors;

 

(b)                            entering into a voting trust, agreement or arrangement (with or without granting a proxy) solely with stockholders who are holders of Class B Common Stock, which voting trust, agreement or arrangement (i) is disclosed either in a Schedule 13D filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission or in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation, (ii) either has a term not exceeding one year or is terminable by the holder of the shares subject thereto at any time and (iii) does not involve any payment of cash, securities, property or other consideration to the holder of the shares subject thereto other than the mutual promise to vote shares in a designated manner;

 

(c)                             pledging shares of Class B Common Stock by a stockholder that creates a mere security interest in such shares pursuant to a bona fide loan or indebtedness transaction for so long as such stockholder continues to exercise Voting Control over such pledged shares; provided, however, that a foreclosure on such shares or other similar action by the pledgee will constitute a “Transfer” unless such foreclosure or similar action qualifies as a “Permitted Transfer” at such time;

 

(d)                            granting a proxy by the Founder, the Founder’s Permitted Entities or the Founder’s Permitted Transferees to a person designated by the Founder and approved by a majority of the Independent Directors then in office, to exercise Voting Control of shares of Class B Common Stock owned directly or indirectly, beneficially and of record, by the Founder, the Founder’s Permitted Entities the Founder’s Permitted Transferees, the Founder’s estate or the Founder’s heirs, or over which the Founder has Voting Control pursuant to proxy or voting agreements then in place, effective either (i) on the death of the Founder or (ii) during any Disability of the Founder, including the exercise of such proxy by such person;

 

(e)                             granting a proxy to, or entering into a voting arrangement with, the Founder to exercise Voting Control of shares of Class B Common Stock owned directly or indirectly, beneficially and of record by any holder of Class B Common Stock in a form approved by a majority of the Independent Directors then in office;

 

(f)                              entering into a trading plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, with a broker or other nominee; provided, however, that a sale of such shares of Class B Common Stock pursuant to such plan shall constitute a “Transfer” at the time of such sale;

 

(g)                             the fact that the spouse of any Qualified Stockholder possesses or obtains an interest in such holder’s shares of Class B Common Stock arising

 

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solely by reason of the application of the community property laws of any jurisdiction, so long as no other event or circumstance shall exist or have occurred that constitutes a “Transfer”; and

 

(h)                            entering into a support, voting, tender or similar agreement, arrangement or understanding (with or without granting a proxy) in connection with a Liquidation Event, provided that such Liquidation Event was approved by a majority of the Independent Directors then in office.

 

4.18                        Voting Control” means, with respect to a share of capital stock or other security, the power (whether exclusive or shared) to vote or direct the voting of such security, including by proxy, voting agreement or otherwise.

 

ARTICLE V

 

BYLAWS

 

The Board of Directors shall have the power to adopt, amend or repeal the bylaws of the Corporation. Prior to the Final Conversion Date, the stockholders may adopt, amend or repeal the bylaws of the Corporation only with the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than a majority of the total voting power of the capital stock of the Corporation then entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class. After the Final Conversion Date, the stockholders may adopt, amend or repeal the bylaws of the Corporation only with the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than two-thirds of the total voting power of the capital stock of the Corporation then entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class.

 

ARTICLE VI

 

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

 

1.                                      Board Power. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors.

 

2.                                      Board Size. The number of directors which shall constitute the Board of Directors shall be fixed exclusively by one or more resolutions adopted from time to time solely by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board of Directors.

 

3.                                      Board Structure. From and after the Effective Date, the directors, other than any who may be elected by the holders of any series of Preferred Stock under specified circumstances, shall be divided into three classes, designated Class I, Class II and Class III.  Each class shall consist, as nearly as may be practicable, of one-third of the total number of directors constituting the entire Board of Directors.  The Board of Directors may assign members of the Board of Directors already in office to such classes at the time such classification becomes effective. Each director shall serve for a term ending on the date of the third annual meeting of stockholders next following the annual meeting at which such director was elected; provided that the directors initially

 

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designated as Class I directors shall serve for a term ending on the first regularly-scheduled annual meeting of stockholders following the Effective Date, the directors initially designated as Class II directors shall serve for a term ending on the second regularly-scheduled annual meeting of stockholders following the Effective Date, and directors initially designated as Class III directors shall serve for a term ending on the third regularly-scheduled annual meeting of stockholders following the Effective Date.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, each director shall hold office until such director’s successor shall have been duly elected and qualified or until such director’s earlier death, resignation or removal.  If the number of directors is hereafter changed, any newly created directorships or decrease in directorships shall be so apportioned among the classes as to make all classes as nearly equal in number as is practicable. No decrease in the number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent director.

 

4.                                      Removal; Vacancies. Vacancies on the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation, removal or otherwise and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the number of directors shall, except as otherwise required by law, be filled solely by a majority of the directors then in office (although less than a quorum) or by the sole remaining director, and each director so elected shall hold office for a term that shall coincide with the term of the Class to which such director shall have been elected.  No director may be removed from office by the stockholders except for cause with the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than a majority of the total voting power of all outstanding securities of the Corporation generally entitled to vote in the election of directors, voting together as a single class.

 

5.                                      Written Ballot. Elections of directors need not be by written ballot unless otherwise provided in the Bylaws of the Corporation.

 

6.                                      No Cumulative Voting. No stockholder will be permitted to cumulate votes at any election of directors.

 

7.                                      No Reliance on the Controlled Company Exemption. At any time during which shares of capital stock of the Corporation are listed for trading on a Securities Exchange, the Corporation shall not rely upon the exemptions from the Listing Standards available to any company that constitutes a “controlled company” within the meaning of the Listing Standards, if and to the extent otherwise applicable to the Corporation.

 

ARTICLE VII

 

MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

 

1.                                      Annual Meetings.  An annual meeting of stockholders for the election of directors to succeed those whose terms expire and for the transaction of such other business as may properly come before the meeting shall be held at such place, on such date, and at such time as the Board of Directors shall determine.

 

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2.                                      Special Meetings.  Special meetings of the stockholders may be called only by the (a) Board of Directors acting pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the Board of Directors, (b) the chairman of the Board of Directors, or (c) the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, whenever holders of one or more classes or series of Preferred Stock shall have the right, voting separately as a class or series, to elect directors, such holders may call, pursuant to the terms of such class or series of Preferred Stock adopted by resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors pursuant to Article IV, Section 2 hereto, special meetings of holders of such Preferred Stock.

 

3.                                      Availability of Stockholder Action by Written Consent.  Subject to the rights of the holders of any class or series of Preferred Stock then outstanding, as may be set forth in the resolution or resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors pursuant to Article IV, Section 2 hereto for such class or series of Preferred Stock, from and after the Written Consent Date (as defined below), any action required or permitted to be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders may be taken only upon the vote of stockholders at an annual or special meeting duly noticed and called in accordance with Delaware General Corporation Law and this Article VII and may not be taken by written consent of stockholders without a meeting.  Prior to the Written Consent Date, any action required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation may be taken by written consent of stockholders without a meeting, only if the action is first recommended or approved by the Board of Directors. For the purposes of this Section, “Written Consent Date” means the first date on which the number of outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock represents less than 10% of the aggregate number of outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock, taken together as a single class.

 

ARTICLE VIII

 

INDEMNIFICATION

 

1.                                      Limited Liability.  To the fullest extent permitted by law, no director of the Corporation shall be personally liable for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director. Without limiting the effect of the preceding sentence, if the Delaware General Corporation Law is hereafter amended to authorize the further elimination or limitation of the liability of a director, then the liability of a director of the Corporation shall be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, as so amended.

 

2.                                      Right to Indemnification.

 

2.1                               Each person (and the heirs, executors or administrators of such person) who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to, or is involved in any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director or officer of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Corporation to the fullest extent

 

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permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law.  The right to indemnification conferred in this Article VIII shall also include the right to be paid by the Corporation the expenses incurred in connection with any such proceeding in advance of its final disposition to the fullest extent authorized by the Delaware General Corporation Law.  The right to indemnification conferred in this Article VIII shall be a contract right.

 

2.2                               The Corporation may, by action of its Board of Directors, provide indemnification to such of the employees and agents of the Corporation to such extent and to such effect as the Board of Directors shall determine to be appropriate and authorized by the Delaware General Corporation Law.

 

3.                                      Nonexclusivity of Rights.  The rights and authority conferred in this Article VIII shall not be exclusive of any other right that any person may otherwise have or hereafter acquire.

 

4.                                      Preservation of Rights.  Neither any amendment nor repeal of this Article VIII, nor the adoption of any provision of this Amended and Restated Certificate inconsistent with this Article VIII, shall eliminate, reduce or otherwise adversely affect any limitation on the personal liability of a director of the Corporation existing at the time of such amendment, repeal or adoption of such an inconsistent provision.

 

ARTICLE IX

 

COMPETITION AND CORPORATE OPPORTUNITIES

 

1.                                      In recognition and anticipation that (i) certain directors, principals, officers, employees and/or other representatives of any of the Identified Fund Stockholders and their respective Affiliates (as defined below) may serve as directors, officers or agents of the Corporation, and (ii) the Identified Fund Stockholders and their respective Affiliates may now engage and may continue to engage in any transaction or matter that may be an investment or corporate or business opportunity or offer a prospective economic or competitive advantage in which the Corporation or any of its controlled Affiliates, directly or indirectly, could have an interest or expectancy (a “Competitive Opportunity”) or may otherwise compete with the Corporation or its controlled Affiliates, directly or indirectly, the provisions of this Article IX are set forth to regulate and define the conduct of certain affairs of the Corporation with respect to certain classes or categories of opportunities as they may involve any of the Identified Fund Stockholders and their respective Affiliates and the powers, rights, duties and liabilities of the Corporation and its directors, officers and stockholders in connection therewith.

 

2.                                      Each of the Identified Fund Stockholders and their Affiliates, and any of their directors, principals, officers, employees and/or other representatives that may serve as directors, officers or agents of the Corporation, and each of their Affiliates (collectively, “Identified Persons” and, individually, an “Identified Person”) shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, not have any duty to refrain from directly or indirectly (a) engaging in any Competitive Opportunity or (b) otherwise competing with the Corporation or any of its controlled Affiliates, and, to the fullest extent permitted by law,

 

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no Identified Person shall be liable to the Corporation or its stockholders or to any controlled Affiliate of the Corporation for breach of any fiduciary duty solely by reason of the fact that such Identified Person engages in any such activities. To the fullest extent permitted by law, the Corporation hereby renounces any interest or expectancy in, or right to be offered an opportunity to participate in, any Competitive Opportunity or other corporate or business opportunity that may be a Competitive Opportunity for an Identified Person and the Corporation or any of its controlled Affiliates. In the event that any Identified Person acquires knowledge of a Competitive Opportunity or other corporate or business opportunity that may be a Competitive Opportunity for itself, herself or himself, or for its, her or his Affiliates, and for the Corporation or any of its controlled Affiliates, such Identified Person shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, have no duty to communicate or present such opportunity to the Corporation or any of its controlled Affiliates and, to the fullest extent permitted by law, shall not be liable to the Corporation or its stockholders or to any controlled Affiliate of the Corporation for breach of any fiduciary duty as a stockholder, director or officer of the Corporation solely by reason of the fact that such Identified Person pursues or acquires such Competitive Opportunity for itself, herself or himself, or offers or directs such Competitive Opportunity to another Person.

 

3.                                      The Corporation does not renounce its interest in any Competitive Opportunity offered to any director of the Corporation if such opportunity is expressly offered to such person solely in his or her capacity as a director of the Corporation, and the provisions of Article IX, Section 2 shall not apply to any such Competitive Opportunity.

 

4.                                      In addition to and notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Article IX, a business or other opportunity shall not be deemed to be a potential Competitive Opportunity for the Corporation if it is an opportunity that (i) the Corporation (together with its controlled Affiliates) is neither financially or legally able, nor contractually permitted to undertake, (ii) from its nature, is not in the line of the Corporation’s business or is of no practical advantage to the Corporation or (iii) is one in which the Corporation has no interest or reasonable expectancy.

 

5.                                      To the fullest extent permitted by law, any Person purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in any shares of capital stock of the Corporation shall be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to the provisions of this Article IX.

 

6.                                      For purposes of this Article IX of this Amended and Restated Certificate, the following definitions apply:

 

6.1                               Accel” means Accel Leaders Fund L.P., Accel Leaders Fund Investors 2016 L.L.C., Accel London III L.P., Accel London Investors 2012 L.P., Accel Growth Fund II L.P., Accel Growth Fund II Strategic Partners L.P., Accel Growth Fund Investors 2013 L.L.C. (together with its successors).

 

6.2                               Affiliate” means (a) in respect of any Identified Fund Stockholder, any Person (other than the Corporation and any entity that is controlled by the

 

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Corporation) that, directly or indirectly, is controlled by such Identified Fund Stockholder, controls such Identified Fund Stockholder or is under common control with such Identified Fund Stockholder, and shall include any principal, member, director, partner, stockholder, officer, employee or other representative of any of the foregoing, and (b) in respect of the Corporation, any Person that, directly or indirectly, is controlled by the Corporation.

 

6.3                               Identified Fund Stockholder” means each of Accel and Warburg Pincus.

 

6.4                               Person” shall mean any individual, corporation, general or limited partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust, association or any other entity.

 

6.5                               Warburg Pincus” means Warburg Pincus Private Equity X, L.P. and Warburg Pincus X Partners, L.P. (together with its successors).

 

ARTICLE X

 

AMENDMENTS

 

If any provision of this Amended and Restated Certificate becomes or is declared on any ground by a court of competent jurisdiction to be illegal, unenforceable or void, portions of such provision, or such provision in its entirety, to the extent necessary, shall be severed from this Amended and Restated Certificate, and the court will replace such illegal, void or unenforceable provision of this Amended and Restated Certificate with a valid and enforceable provision that most accurately reflects the Corporation’s intent, in order to achieve, to the maximum extent possible, the same economic, business and other purposes of the illegal, void or unenforceable provision. The balance of this Amended and Restated Certificate shall be enforceable in accordance with its terms.

 

Except as provided in Article VIII of this Amended and Restated Certificate, the Corporation reserves the right to amend, alter, change or repeal any provision contained in this Amended and Restated Certificate, in the manner now or hereafter prescribed by statute, and all rights conferred upon stockholders herein are granted subject to this reservation; provided, however, that, notwithstanding any other provision of this Amended and Restated Certificate or any provision of law that might otherwise permit a lesser vote, but in addition to any vote of the holders of any class or series of the stock of this Corporation required by law or by this Amended and Restated Certificate, (i) prior to the Final Conversion Date, (a) the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of the voting power of the outstanding shares of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, shall be required to amend, alter, change or repeal any provision contained in this Amended and Restated Certificate or adopt any new provision of this Amended and Restated Certificate and (b) the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock and the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock, each voting separately as a class, shall be required to amend or repeal, or adopt

 

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any provision of this Amended and Restated Certificate inconsistent with, Article IV, Section 3, Article IV, Section 4, or this clause (i)(b) of Article X of this Amended and Restated Certificate, and (ii) from and after the Final Conversion Date, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of the voting power of the outstanding shares of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, shall be required to amend or repeal, or adopt any provision of this Amended and Restated Certificate inconsistent with, Article IV, Section 3, Article V, Article VI, Article VII, or this Article X of this Amended and Restated Certificate.

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the corporation has caused this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to be signed by its duly authorized officer.

 

 

CROWDSTRIKE HOLDINGS, INC.

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

George Kurtz

 

 

Title:

President & Chief Executive Officer

 

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Exhibit 3.4

 

AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS

 

OF

 

CROWDSTRIKE HOLDINGS, INC.

 

* * * * *

 

ARTICLE 1
OFFICES

 

Section 1.01.  Registered Office.  The registered office of CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc. (the “Corporation”) in the State of Delaware is 251 Little Falls Drive, Wilmington, in the county of New Castle, Delaware 19808. The name of the registered agent of the Corporation at such address is Corporation Service Company..

 

Section 1.02.  Other Offices.  The Corporation may also have offices at such other places both within and without the State of Delaware as the board of directors of the Corporation (the “Board of Directors”) may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require.

 

Section 1.03.  Books.  The books of the Corporation may be kept within or without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require.

 

ARTICLE 2

MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

 

Section 2.01.  Time and Place of Meetings.  All meetings of stockholders shall be held at such place, either within or without the State of Delaware, on such date and at such time as may be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors (or the chairperson of the Board of Directors (the “chairperson”) in the absence of a designation by the Board of Directors). The Board of Directors may, in its sole discretion, determine that a meeting of stockholders shall not be held at any place, but instead be held solely by means of remote communication authorized by and in accordance with Section 211(a)(2) of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.

 

Section 2.02.  Annual Meetings. An annual meeting of stockholders, commencing with the calendar year 2020, shall be held for the election of directors and to transact such other business as may properly be brought before the meeting.

 


 

Section 2.03.  Special Meetings.  (a) Except as otherwise provided in the amended and restated certificate of incorporation filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on [-], 2019 (as the same may be modified or further amended, restated, amended and restated or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Certificate of Incorporation”), special meetings of the stockholders may be called only by the (i) Board of Directors acting pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the Board of Directors, (ii) the chairperson of the Board of Directors, (iii) the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation, or (iv) whenever holders of one or more classes or series of Preferred Stock shall have the right, voting separately as a class or series, to elect directors, such holders may call, pursuant to the terms of such class or series of Preferred Stock, special meetings of holders of such Preferred Stock.

 

(b)                                 A special meeting shall be held at such date, time and place as may be fixed by the Board of Directors in accordance with these Bylaws.

 

(c)                                  Business conducted at a special meeting shall be limited to the matters described in the applicable request for such special meeting and any other matters as the Board of Directors shall determine.

 

Section 2.04.  Notice of Meetings and Adjourned Meetings; Waivers of Notice.  (a)  Whenever stockholders are required or permitted to take any action at a meeting, a written notice of the meeting shall be given which shall state the place, if any, date and hour of the meeting, the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting, and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called.  Unless otherwise provided by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware as the same exists or may hereafter be amended (“Delaware Law”), such notice shall be given not less than 10 nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting.  The Board of Directors or the chairperson of the meeting may adjourn the meeting to another time or place (whether or not a quorum is present), and notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time, place, if any, and the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting, are announced at the meeting at which such adjournment is made.  At the adjourned meeting, the Corporation may transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting.  If the adjournment is for more than 30 days, or after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.

 

(b)                                 A written waiver of any such notice signed by the person entitled thereto, or a waiver by electronic transmission by the person entitled to notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to notice.  Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends the meeting for the express purpose

 


 

of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.  Business transacted at any special meeting of stockholders shall be limited to the purposes stated in the notice.

 

Section 2.05.  Quorum.  Unless otherwise provided under the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws and subject to Delaware Law, the presence, in person or by proxy, of the holders of a majority of the total voting power of all outstanding securities of the Corporation generally entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, except that when specified business is to be voted on by a class or series of securities voting as a class, the holders of a majority in voting power of the outstanding securities of such class or series shall constitute a quorum of such class or series for the transaction of business. If, however, such quorum shall not be present or represented at any meeting of the stockholders, the chairperson of the meeting or a majority in voting interest of the stockholders present in person or represented by proxy may adjourn the meeting, in the manner provided by Section 2.04 of these Bylaws, until a quorum shall be present or represented.  At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present or represented any business may be transacted that might have been transacted at the meeting as originally notified.

 

Section 2.06.  Voting.  (a)  Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation and subject to Delaware Law, each stockholder shall be entitled to one vote for each outstanding share of capital stock of the Corporation held by such stockholder.  Any share of capital stock of the Corporation held by the Corporation shall have no voting rights.  Except as otherwise required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, in all matters other than the election of directors, the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the votes cast at the meeting on the subject matter shall be the act of the stockholders.  Abstentions and broker non-votes shall not be counted as votes cast.  Subject to the rights of the holders of any class or series of preferred stock to elect additional directors under specific circumstances, as may be set forth in the certificate of designations for such class or series of preferred stock, directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes of the shares of capital stock of the Corporation present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the election of directors.

 

(b)                                 Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders or to express consent or dissent to a corporate action in writing without a meeting may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder by proxy, appointed by an instrument in writing, subscribed by such stockholder or by his attorney thereunto authorized, or by proxy sent by cable, telegram or by any means of electronic communication permitted by law, which results in a writing from such stockholder or by his attorney, and delivered to the secretary of the meeting.  No proxy shall be voted after three (3) years from its date, unless said proxy provides for a longer period.

 


 

Section 2.07.  Action by Consent.  Except as provided for in the Certificate of Incorporation, subject to the rights of the holders of any class or series of preferred stock then outstanding, as may be set forth in the certificate of designations for such class or series of preferred stock, from and after the Written Consent Date (as defined in the Certificate of Incorporation), any action required or permitted to be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders may be taken only upon the vote of stockholders at an annual or special meeting duly noticed and called in accordance with Delaware Law and may not be taken by written consent of stockholders without a meeting. Prior to the Written Consent Date, any action required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation may be taken by written consent of stockholders without a meeting, only if the action is first recommended or approved by resolution adopted by a majority of the Board of Directors.

 

Section 2.08.  Organization.  At each meeting of stockholders, the chairperson of the Board of Directors, if one shall have been elected, or in the chairperson’s absence or if one shall not have been elected, the director designated by the vote of the majority of the directors present at such meeting, shall act as chairperson of the meeting.  The Secretary (or in the Secretary’s absence or inability to act, the person whom the chairperson of the meeting shall appoint secretary of the meeting) shall act as secretary of the meeting and keep the minutes thereof.

 

Section 2.09.  Order of Business.  The order of business at all meetings of stockholders shall be as determined by the chairperson of the meeting.

 

Section 2.10.  Nomination of Directors and Proposal of Other Business.

 

(a)                                 Annual Meetings of Stockholders.  (i) Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors or the proposal of other business to be transacted by the stockholders at an annual meeting of stockholders may be made only (A) pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto), (B) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (C) as may be provided in the certificate of designations for any class or series of preferred stock or (D) by any stockholder of the Corporation who is a stockholder of record at the time of giving of notice provided for in paragraph (ii) of this Section 2.10(a) and at the time of the annual meeting, who shall be entitled to vote at the meeting and who complies with the procedures set forth in this Section 2.10(a), and, except as otherwise required by law, any failure to comply with these procedures shall result in the nullification of such nomination or proposal.

 

(ii)                                  For nominations or other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting of stockholders by a stockholder pursuant to clause (D) of paragraph (i) of this Section 2.10(a), the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation and any such proposed business (other than the nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors) must constitute a proper

 


 

matter for stockholder action.  To be timely, a stockholder’s notice shall be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Secretary of the Corporation at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than 120 days nor more than 150 days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting of stockholders; provided, however, that in the event that the date of the annual meeting is advanced more than 30 days prior to such anniversary date or delayed more than 70 days after such anniversary date then to be timely such notice must be received by the Corporation no earlier than 120 days prior to such annual meeting and no later than the later of 70 days prior to the date of the meeting or the 10th day following the day on which public announcement of the date of the meeting was first made by the Corporation.  In no event shall the adjournment or postponement of any meeting, or any announcement thereof, commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above.

 

(iii)                               A stockholder’s notice to the Secretary shall set forth (A) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection as a director:  (1) all information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors, or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (as amended (together with the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder), the “Exchange Act”)) including such person’s written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected; and (2) a reasonably detailed description of any compensatory, payment or other financial agreement, arrangement or understanding that such person has with any other person or entity other than the Corporation including the amount of any payment or payments received or receivable thereunder, in each case in connection with candidacy or service as a director of the Corporation (a “Third-Party Compensation Arrangement”), (B) as to any other business that the stockholder proposes to bring before the meeting, a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting, the text of the proposal or business (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration and in the event that such business includes a proposal to amend these Bylaws, the text of the proposed amendment), the reasons for conducting such business and any material interest in such business of such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made and (C) as to the stockholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made:

 

(1)                                 the name and address of such stockholder (as they appear on the Corporation’s books) and any such beneficial owner;

 

(2)                                 for each class or series, the number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation that are held of record or are

 


 

beneficially owned by such stockholder and by any such beneficial owner;

 

(3)                                 a description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding between or among such stockholder and any such beneficial owner, any of their respective affiliates or associates, and any other person or persons (including their names) in connection with the proposal of such nomination or other business;

 

(4)                                 a description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding (including, regardless of the form of settlement, any derivative, long or short positions, profit interests, forwards, futures, swaps, options, warrants, convertible securities, stock appreciation or similar rights, hedging transactions and borrowed or loaned shares) that has been entered into by or on behalf of, or any other agreement, arrangement or understanding that has been made, the effect or intent of which is to create or mitigate loss to, manage risk or benefit of share price changes for, or increase or decrease the voting power of, such stockholder or any such beneficial owner with respect to the Corporation’s securities;

 

(5)                                 a representation that the stockholder is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to bring such nomination or other business before the meeting;

 

(6)                                 a representation as to whether such stockholder or any such beneficial owner intends or is part of a group that intends to (i) deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the voting power of the Corporation’s outstanding capital stock required to approve or adopt the proposal or to elect each such nominee and/or (ii) otherwise to solicit proxies from stockholders in support of such proposal or nomination;

 

(7)                                 any other information relating to such stockholder, beneficial owner, if any, or director nominee or proposed business that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with the solicitation of proxies in support of such nominee or proposal pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act; and

 

(8)                                 such other information relating to any proposed item of business as the Corporation may reasonably require to determine whether such proposed item of business is a proper matter for stockholder action.

 


 

If requested by the Corporation, the information required under clauses 2.10(a)(iii)(C)(2), (3) and (4) of the preceding sentence of this Section 2.10 shall be supplemented by such stockholder and any such beneficial owner not later than 10 days after the record date for the meeting to disclose such information as of the record date.

 

(b)                                 Special Meetings of Stockholders.  Except to the extent required by Delaware Law, and subject to Section 2.03(a) of these Bylaws, special meetings of stockholders may be called only in accordance with Article 7(2) of the Certificate of Incorporation. Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting. If the election of directors is included as business to be brought before a special meeting in the Corporation’s notice of meeting, then nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors at a special meeting of stockholders may be made by any stockholder who is a stockholder of record at the time of giving of notice provided for in this Section 2.10(b) and at the time of the special meeting, who shall be entitled to vote at the meeting and who complies with the procedures set forth in this Section 2.10(b).  For nominations to be properly brought by a stockholder before a special meeting of stockholders pursuant to this Section 2.10(b), the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation.  To be timely, a stockholder’s notice shall be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation (A) not earlier than 150 days prior to the date of the special meeting nor (B) later than the later of 120 days prior to the date of the special meeting or the 10th day following the day on which public announcement of the date of the special meeting was first made.  A stockholder’s notice to the Secretary shall comply with the notice requirements of Section 2.10(a)(iii).

 

(c)                                  General.  (i) To be eligible to be a nominee for election as a director, the proposed nominee must provide to the Secretary of the Corporation in accordance with the applicable time periods prescribed for delivery of notice under Section 2.10(a)(ii) or Section 2.10(b): (1) a completed D&O questionnaire (in the form provided by the secretary of the Corporation at the request of the nominating stockholder) containing information regarding the nominee’s background and qualifications and such other information as may reasonably be required by the Corporation to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as a director of the Corporation or to serve as an independent director of the Corporation, (2) a written representation that, unless previously disclosed to the Corporation, the nominee is not and will not become a party to any voting agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity as to how such nominee, if elected as a director, will vote on any issue or that could interfere with such person’s ability to comply, if elected as a director, with his/her fiduciary duties under applicable law, (3) a written representation and agreement that, unless previously disclosed to the Corporation pursuant to Section 2.10(a)(iii)(A)(2), the nominee is not and will not become a party to any Third-Party Compensation Arrangement and (4) a written representation that, if elected

 


 

as a director, such nominee would be in compliance and will continue to comply with the Corporation’s corporate governance guidelines as disclosed on the Corporation’s website, as amended from time to time.  At the request of the Board of Directors, any person nominated by the Board of Directors for election as a director shall furnish to the Secretary of the Corporation the information that is required to be set forth in a stockholder’s notice of nomination that pertains to the nominee.

 

(ii)                                  No person shall be eligible to be nominated by a stockholder to serve as a director of the Corporation unless nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 2.10.  No business proposed by a stockholder shall be conducted at a stockholder meeting except in accordance with this Section 2.10.

 

(iii)                               The chairperson of the meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that a nomination was not made in accordance with the procedures prescribed by these Bylaws or that business was not properly brought before the meeting, and if he/she should so determine, he/she shall so declare to the meeting and the defective nomination shall be disregarded or such business shall not be transacted, as the case may be.  Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.10, unless otherwise required by law, if the stockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear at the annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation to present a nomination or other proposed business, such nomination shall be disregarded or such proposed business shall not be transacted, as the case may be, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation and counted for purposes of determining a quorum.  For purposes of this Section 2.10, to be considered a qualified representative of the stockholder, a person must be a duly authorized officer, manager or partner of such stockholder or must be authorized by a writing executed by such stockholder or an electronic transmission delivered by such stockholder to act for such stockholder as proxy at the meeting of stockholders and such person must produce such writing or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction of the writing or electronic transmission, at the meeting of stockholders.

 

(iv)                              Without limiting the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.10, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act with respect to the matters set forth in this Section 2.10; provided, however, that any references in these Bylaws to the Exchange Act are not intended to and shall not limit any requirements applicable to nominations or proposals as to any other business to be considered pursuant to this Section 2.10, and compliance with paragraphs (a)(i)(C) and (b) of this Section 2.10 shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to make nominations or submit other business (other than as provided in Section 2.10(c)(v)).

 


 

(iv)                              Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, the notice requirements set forth herein with respect to the proposal of any business pursuant to this Section 2.10 shall be deemed satisfied by a stockholder if such stockholder has submitted a proposal to the Corporation in compliance with Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act, and such stockholder’s proposal has been included in a proxy statement that has been prepared by the Corporation to solicit proxies for the meeting of stockholders.

 

ARTICLE 3
DIRECTORS

 

Section 3.01.  General Powers.  Except as otherwise provided in Delaware Law or the Certificate of Incorporation, the business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors.

 

Section 3.02.  Number, Election and Term Of Office.  Subject to the Certificate of Incorporation, the Board of Directors shall initially consist of nine directors, with the exact number of directors to be determined from time to time solely by resolution adopted by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board.  As set forth in Article 6 of the Certificate of Incorporation, the directors shall be divided into three classes, designated Class I, Class II and Class III.  Each class shall consist, as nearly as may be practicable, of one-third of the total number of directors constituting the entire Board of Directors.  Except as otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, each director shall serve for a term ending on the date of the third annual meeting of stockholders next following the annual meeting at which such director was elected.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, each director shall hold office until such director’s successor shall have been duly elected and qualified or until such director’s earlier death, resignation or removal.  Directors need not be stockholders.

 

Section 3.03.  Quorum and Manner of Acting.  Unless the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws require a greater number, a majority of the Board of Directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting of the Board of Directors and, except as otherwise expressly required by law or by the Certificate of Incorporation, the act of a majority of the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board of Directors.  When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place (whether or not a quorum is present), notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken.  At the adjourned meeting, the Board of Directors may transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting.  If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the Board of Directors, the directors present thereat shall adjourn the meeting, from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present.

 


 

Section 3.04.  Time and Place of Meetings.  The Board of Directors shall hold its meetings at such place, either within or without the State of Delaware, and at such time as may be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors (or the chairperson of the Board of Directors in the absence of a determination by the Board of Directors).

 

Section 3.05.  Annual Meeting.  The Board of Directors shall meet for the purpose of organization, the election of officers and the transaction of other business, as soon as practicable after each annual meeting of stockholders, on the same day and at the same place where such annual meeting shall be held.  Notice of such meeting need not be given.  In the event such annual meeting is not so held, the annual meeting of the Board of Directors may be held at such place either within or without the State of Delaware, on such date and at such time as shall be specified in a notice thereof given as hereinafter provided in  Section 3.07 herein or in a waiver of notice thereof signed by any director who chooses to waive the requirement of notice.

 

Section 3.06.  Regular Meetings.  After the place and time of regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall have been determined and notice thereof shall have been once given to each member of the Board of Directors, regular meetings may be held without further notice being given.

 

Section 3.07.  Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the chairperson of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, or on the written request of three directors.  Notice of special meetings of the Board of Directors shall be given to each director at least 48 hours before the date of the meeting in such manner as is determined by the Board of Directors.

 

Section 3.08.  Committees.  The Board of Directors may designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation.  The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee.  In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not such member or members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member.  Any such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it; but no such committee shall have the power or authority in reference to the following matters: (a) approving or adopting, or recommending to the stockholders, any action or matter expressly required by Delaware Law to be submitted to the stockholders for approval or (b) adopting, amending or repealing

 


 

any Bylaw of the Corporation.  Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the Board of Directors when required.

 

Section 3.09.  Action by Consent.  Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board of Directors or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, and the writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions, are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee.  Such filing shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and shall be in electronic form if the minutes are maintained in electronic form.

 

Section 3.10.  Telephonic Meetings.  Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, members of the Board of Directors, or any committee designated by the Board of Directors, may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors, or such committee, as the case may be, by means of conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and such participation in a meeting shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.

 

Section 3.11.  Resignation.  Any director may resign from the Board of Directors at any time by giving notice to the Board of Directors or to the Secretary of the Corporation.  Any such notice must be in writing or by electronic transmission to the Board of Directors or to the Secretary of the Corporation.  The resignation of any director shall take effect upon receipt of notice thereof or at such later time as shall be specified in such notice; and unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.

 

Section 3.12.  Vacancies.  Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, vacancies on the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation, removal or otherwise and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the number of directors shall, except as otherwise required by law, be filled solely by a majority of the directors then in office (although less than a quorum) or by the sole remaining director, and each director so elected shall hold office for a term that shall coincide with the term of the Class to which such director shall have been elected.  If there are no directors in office, then an election of directors may be held in accordance with Delaware Law.  Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, when one or more directors shall resign from the Board of Directors, effective at a future date, a majority of the directors then in office, including those who have so resigned, shall have the power to fill such vacancy or vacancies, the vote thereon to take effect when such resignation or resignations shall become effective, and each director so chosen shall hold office as provided in the filling of the other vacancies.

 


 

Section 3.13.  Removal.  No director may be removed from office by the stockholders except for cause with the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than a majority of the total voting power of all outstanding securities of the Corporation generally entitled to vote in the election of directors, voting together as a single class.

 

Section 3.14.  Compensation.  Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the Board of Directors shall have authority to fix the compensation of directors, including fees and reimbursement of expenses.

 

Section 3.15. Preferred Stock Directors.  Notwithstanding anything else contained herein, whenever the holders of one or more classes or series of preferred stock shall have the right, voting separately as a class or series, to elect directors, the election, term of office, filling of vacancies, removal and other features of such directorships shall be governed by the terms of the resolutions applicable thereto adopted by the Board of Directors pursuant to the Certificate of Incorporation, and such directors so elected shall not be subject to the provisions of Sections  3.02,  3.12 and  3.13 of this  Article 3 unless otherwise provided therein.

 

ARTICLE 4
OFFICERS

 

Section 4.01.  Principal Officers.  The principal officers of the Corporation shall be a Chief Executive Officer, a President, one or more Vice Presidents, a Treasurer and a Secretary who shall have the duty, among other things, to record the proceedings of the meetings of stockholders and directors in a book kept for that purpose.  The Corporation may also have such other principal officers, including one or more Controllers, as the Board of Directors may in its discretion appoint.  One person may hold the offices and perform the duties of any two or more of said offices, except that no one person shall hold the offices and perform the duties of President and Secretary.

 

Section 4.02.  Appointment, Term of Office and Remuneration.  The principal officers of the Corporation shall be appointed by the Board of Directors in the manner determined by the Board of Directors.  Each such officer shall hold office until his or her successor is appointed, or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal.  The remuneration of all officers of the Corporation shall be fixed by the Board of Directors.  Any vacancy in any office shall be filled in such manner as the Board of Directors shall determine.

 

Section 4.03.  Subordinate Officers.  In addition to the principal officers enumerated in  Section 4.01 herein, the Corporation may have one or more Assistant Treasurers, Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Controllers and such other subordinate officers, agents and employees as the Board of Directors may deem necessary, each of whom shall hold office for such period as the Board of

 


 

Directors may from time to time determine.  The Board of Directors may delegate to any principal officer the power to appoint and to remove any such subordinate officers, agents or employees.

 

Section 4.04.  Removal.  Except as otherwise permitted with respect to subordinate officers, any officer may be removed, with or without cause, at any time, by resolution adopted by the Board of Directors.

 

Section 4.05.  Resignations.  Any officer may resign at any time by giving notice to the Board of Directors (or to a principal officer if the Board of Directors has delegated to such principal officer the power to appoint and to remove such officer).  Any such notice must be in writing.  The resignation of any officer shall take effect upon receipt of notice thereof or at such later time as shall be specified in such notice; and unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.

 

Section 4.06.  Powers and Duties.  The officers of the Corporation shall have such powers and perform such duties incident to each of their respective offices and such other duties as may from time to time be conferred upon or assigned to them by the Board of Directors.

 

ARTICLE 5
CAPITAL STOCK

 

Section 5.01.  Certificates For Stock; Uncertificated Shares.  The shares of the Corporation shall be represented by certificates, provided that the Board of Directors may provide by resolution or resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of its stock shall be uncertificated shares or a combination of certificated and uncertificated shares.  Any such resolution that shares of a class or series will only be uncertificated shall not apply to shares represented by a certificate until such certificate is surrendered to the Corporation.  Except as otherwise required by law, the rights and obligations of the holders of uncertificated shares and the rights and obligations of the holders of shares represented by certificates of the same class and series shall be identical.  Every holder of stock represented by certificates shall be entitled to have a certificate representing the number of shares registered in certificate form signed by, or in the name of the Corporation by any two officers of such Corporation authorized to sign stock certificates. Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile.  In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if such person were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.  A Corporation shall not have power to issue a certificate in bearer form.

 


 

Section 5.02.  Transfer Of Shares.  Shares of the stock of the Corporation may be transferred on the record of stockholders of the Corporation by the holder thereof or by such holder’s duly authorized attorney upon surrender of a certificate therefor properly endorsed or upon receipt of proper transfer instructions from the registered holder of uncertificated shares or by such holder’s duly authorized attorney and upon compliance with appropriate procedures for transferring shares in uncertificated form, unless waived by the Corporation.

 

Section 5.03.  Authority for Additional Rules Regarding Transfer.  The Board of Directors shall have the power and authority to make all such rules and regulations as they may deem expedient concerning the issue, transfer and registration of certificated or uncertificated shares of the stock of the Corporation, as well as for the issuance of new certificates in lieu of those which may be lost or destroyed, and may require of any stockholder requesting replacement of lost or destroyed certificates, bond in such amount and in such form as they may deem expedient to indemnify the Corporation, and/or the transfer agents, and/or the registrars of its stock against any claims arising in connection therewith.

 

ARTICLE 6
GENERAL PROVISIONS

 

Section 6.01.  Fixing the Record Date.  (a) In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing such record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall not be more than 60 nor less than 10 days before the date of such meeting.  If the Board of Directors so fixes a date, such date shall also be the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting unless the Board of Directors determines, at the time it fixes such record date, that a later date on or before the date of the meeting shall be the date for making such determination.  If no record date is fixed by the Board of Directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held.  A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided that the Board of Directors may in its discretion or as required by law fix a new record date for determination of stockholders entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting, and in such case shall fix the same date or an earlier date as the record date for stockholders entitled to notice of such adjourned meeting.

 

(b)         In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights or the stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any

 


 

change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall be not more than 60 days prior to such action.  If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.

 

Section 6.02.  Dividends.  Subject to limitations contained in Delaware Law and the Certificate of Incorporation, the Board of Directors may declare and pay dividends upon the shares of capital stock of the Corporation, which dividends may be paid either in cash, in property or in shares of the capital stock of the Corporation.

 

Section 6.03.  Year.  The fiscal year of the Corporation shall commence on February 1 and end on January 31 of each year.

 

Section 6.04.  Corporate Seal.  The corporate seal shall have inscribed thereon the name of the Corporation, the year of its organization and the words “Corporate Seal, Delaware”.  The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed, affixed or otherwise reproduced.

 

Section 6.05.  Voting of Stock Owned by the Corporation.  The Board of Directors may authorize any person, on behalf of the Corporation, to attend, vote at and grant proxies to be used at any meeting of stockholders of any corporation (except this Corporation) in which the Corporation may hold stock.

 

Section 6.06.  Amendments.  The Board of Directors acting pursuant to resolution adopted by a majority of the Board of Directors shall have the power to adopt, amend or repeal these Bylaws. Unless otherwise provided for in the Certificate of Incorporation, prior to the Final Conversion Date (as defined in the Certificate of Incorporation), these Bylaws, may be altered, amended or repealed, or new Bylaws may be made, by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than a majority of the total voting power of the capital stock of the Corporation then entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class. After the Final Conversion Date, the stockholders may adopt, amend or repeal these Bylaws only with the affirmative vote of the holders of two-thirds of the total voting power of all outstanding securities of the Corporation, generally entitled to vote in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, or by a majority of the Board of Directors.

 

ARTICLE 7

EXCLUSIVE FORUM

 

Section 7.01. Exclusive Forum.  Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if the Court of Chancery does not have jurisdiction, the federal

 


 

district court for the District of Delaware) shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of the Corporation to the Corporation or the Corporation’s stockholders, (iii) any action arising pursuant to any provision of Delaware Law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws (as either may be amended from time to time),  (iv) any action to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of our Certificate of Incorporation or (v) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine, except for, as to each of (i) through (v) above, any claim as to which such court determines that there is an indispensable party not subject to the jurisdiction of such court (and the indispensable party does not consent to the personal jurisdiction of such court within ten (10) days following such determination), which is vested in the exclusive jurisdiction of a court or forum other than such court, or for which such court does not have subject matter jurisdiction.

 

This exclusive forum provision does not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act. Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, subject to and contingent upon a final adjudication in the State of Delaware of the enforceability of such exclusive forum provision.

 

Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in any security of the corporation shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this Article 7.

 




Exhibit 4.3

 

CS CUSIP 22788C 10 SEE REVERSE FOR CERTAIN DEFINITIONS AND LEGENDS 5 INCORPORATED UNDER THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE This certifies that is the record holder of FULLY PAID AND NONASSESSABLE SHARES OF CLASS A COMMON STOCK, $0.0005 PAR VALUE PER SHARE, OF CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc. transferable on the books of the corporation in person or by duly authorized attorney upon surrender of this Certificate properly endorsed. This Certificate is not valid until countersigned by the Transfer Agent and registered by the Registrar. WITNESS the facsimile seal of the Corporation and the facsimile signatures of its duly authorized officers. Dated: SEAL NOVEMBER 7, 2011 CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER COUNTERSIGNED AND REGISTERED: AMERICAN STOCK TRANSFER & TRUST COMPANY, LLC (BROOKLYN, NY) TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR BY: AUTHORIZED SIGNATURE R

 

 

The Corporation shall furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests a statement of the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock of the Corporation or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights. Such requests shall be made to the Corporation’s Secretary at the principal office of the Corporation. KEEP THIS CERTIFICATE IN A SAFE PLACE. IF IT IS LOST, STOLEN,OR DESTROYED THE CORPORATION WILL REQUIRE A BOND INDEMNITY AS A CONDITION TO THE ISSUANCE OF A REPLACEMENT CERTIFICATE. The following abbreviations, when used in the inscription on the face of this certificate, shall be construed as though they were written out in full according to applicable laws or regulations: TEN COM TEN ENT JT TEN – – – as tenants in common as tenants by the entireties as joint tenants with right of survivorship and not as tenants in common as community property UNIF GIFT MIN ACT – ......................... Custodian ......................... (Cust) under Uniform Gifts to Minors (Minor) Act.............................................................................. (State) UNIF TRF MIN ACT – ................. Custodian (until age ..................) (Cust) ..................................... under Uniform Transfers (Minor) to Minors Act............................................................ (State) COM PROP – Additional abbreviations may also be used though not in the above list. FOR VALUE RECEIVED, hereby sell(s), assign(s) and transfer(s) unto PLEASE INSERT SOCIAL SECURITY OR OTHER IDENTIFYING NUMBER OF ASSIGNEE (PLEASE PRINT OR TYPEWRITE NAME AND ADDRESS, INCLUDING ZIP CODE, OF ASSIGNEE) shares of the capital stock represented by within Certificate, and do hereby irrevocably constitute and appoint attorney-in-fact to transfer the said stock on the books of the within named Corporation with full power of the substitution in the premises. Dated X X Signature(s) Guaranteed: NOTICE:THE SIGNATURE TO THIS ASSIGNMENT MUST CORRESPOND WITH THE NAME AS WRITTEN UPON THE FACE OF THE CERTIFICATE IN EVERY PARTICULAR, WITHOUT ALTERATION OR ENLARGEMENT OR ANY CHANGE WHATSOEVER. By THE SIGNATURE(S) SHOULD BE GUARANTEED BY AN ELIGIBLE GUARANTOR INSTITUTION, (BANKS, STOCKBROKERS, SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATIONS AND CREDIT UNIONS WITH MEMBERSHIP IN AN APPROVED SIGNATURE GUARANTEE MEDALLION PROGRAM), PURSUANT TO S.E.C. RULE 17Ad-15. GUARANTEES BY A NOTARY PUBLIC ARE NOT ACCEPTABLE. SIGNATURE GUARANTEES MUST NOT BE DATED.

 



Exhibit 4.4

 

 

THIS WARRANT AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON EXERCISE HEREUNDER HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 AS AMENDED (the “1933 ACT”), OR ANY STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THEY MAY NOT BE SOLD, OFFERED FOR SALE, PLEDGED, OR HYPOTHECATED IN THE ABSENCE OF AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATED THERETO OR AN OPINION OF COUNSEL REASONABLY SATISFACTORY TO YOU THAT SUCH REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED UNDER THE 1933 ACT, OR ANY APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS.

 

PLAIN ENGLISH WARRANT AGREEMENT

 

This is a PLAIN ENGLISH WARRANT AGREEMENT dated December 29, 2016 by and between CROWDSTRIKE HOLDINGS, INC., a Delaware corporation, and TRIPLEPOINT VENTURE GROWTH BDC CORP., a Maryland corporation.

 

The words “We”, “Us”, or “Our” refer to the warrant holder, which is TRIPLEPOINT VENTURE GROWTH BDC CORP. The words “You” or “Your” refers to the issuer, which is CROWDSTRIKE HOLDINGS, INC., and not to any individual. The words “the Parties” refers to both TRIPLEPOINT VENTURE GROWTH BDC CORP. and CROWDSTRIKE HOLDINGS, INC. This Plain English Warrant Agreement may be referred to as the “Warrant Agreement”.

 

The Parties, CrowdStrike, Inc. and CrowdStrike Services, Inc. have entered into a Plain English Growth Capital Loan and Security Agreement dated as of December 29, 2016, the “Loan Agreement”.

 

In consideration of such Loan Agreement, the Parties agree to the following mutual agreements and conditions set forth below:

 

WARRANT INFORMATION

 

Effective Date

December 29, 2016

 

Warrant Number

0987-W-01

 

Loan Facility Number

Part 1: 0987-GC-01

 

Warrant Coverage

Part 1: $450,000 (1.125%
of $40,000,000) on the Effective Date and $150,000 (0.375% of $40,000,000)
upon the first Advance under the Loan Agreement
following the Effective Date

Number of Shares

Part 1: 99,344 on the Effective Date and 33,115 upon the first Advance under the Loan Agreement following the Effective Date

Price Per Share

$4.529715

Type of Stock

Series C Preferred Stock

 

OUR CONTACT INFORMATION

 

Name

TriplePoint Venture Growth BDC Corp.

 

Address For Notices

2755 Sand Hill Road, Ste. 150
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Tel: (650) 854-2090
Fax: (650) 854-1850

 

Contact Person

Sajal Srivastava, President

 

YOUR CONTACT INFORMATION

 

Customer Name

CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.

 

Address For Notices

15440 Laguna Canyon Road, #250
Irvine, CA 92618

 

Contact Person

Burt Podbere, CFO

 

1


 

1.                   WHAT YOU AGREE TO GRANT US

 

Part 1: You grant to Us and We are entitled, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Warrant Agreement, to purchase from You, at a price per share equal to the Exercise Price, that number of fully paid and non- assessable shares of Your Warrant Stock equal to Four Hundred Fifty Thousand Dollars ($450,000), divided by the Exercise Price.

 

In addition, immediately upon the first Advance under the Loan Agreement following the Effective Date, You grant to Us and We are entitled, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Warrant Agreement, to purchase from You, at a price per share equal to the Exercise Price, that number of fully paid and non-assessable shares of Your Warrant Stock equal to One Hundred Fifty Thousand Dollars ($150,000), divided by the Exercise Price.

 

The number of shares of Warrant Stock and the Exercise Price of such Warrant Stock are subject to adjustment as provided in Section 4 hereof.

 

For purposes of this Warrant Agreement, the following capitalized terms have the meanings given below:

 

“Exercise Price” means $4.529715.

 

“Warrant Stock” means Your Series C Preferred Stock.

 

The Parties agree that this Warrant Agreement to purchase the Warrant Stock has a fair market value equal to $100 and that $100 of the issue price of the investment will be allocable to the Warrant Agreement and the balance shall be allocable to the Loan Agreement for income tax purposes and the original issue discount on the Loan Agreement shall be considered to be zero.

 

2.                   WHEN ARE WE ENTITLED TO PURCHASE YOUR WARRANT STOCK.

 

The term of this Warrant Agreement and Our right to purchase Warrant Stock will begin on the Effective Date, and shall be available for the greater of (i) seven (7) years from the Effective Date or (ii) two (2) years from the effective date of Your initial public offering.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, Our right to purchase the Warrant Stock shall be automatically and fully exercised via the net issuance method described below (without surrender of the Warrant Agreement) upon the occurrence of a Merger Event, as defined below, with a Person that is not one of Your affiliates, in which Your common stock is exchanged for cash and/or stock that is traded on a recognized public exchange or on the NASDAQ National Market, provided that, upon consummation of the Merger Event, the consideration payable to Us pursuant to such exercise and on account of the Warrant Stock consists of (i) cash or (ii) stock that is traded on a recognized public exchange or on the NASDAQ National Market and the total per share consideration is equal to or greater than two (2) times the aggregate Exercise Price (as adjusted). No less than ten (10) business days prior to any Merger Event, You shall provide Us with written notice of the proposed Merger Event together with a copy of the executed merger agreement, or other definitive documentation (and all schedules and exhibits thereto) and information concerning Your expected capitalization immediately prior to the Merger Event. Upon consummation of the Merger Event, You shall promptly provide Us with (a) a copy of any modifications or amendments to the executed merger agreement, (b) any other documents in connection therewith, (c) updated information, if any, concerning Your capitalization immediately prior to the Merger Event, and, (d) upon request, by Us any other information reasonably necessary to an informed evaluation of Our rights under this Agreement.

 

3.                   HOW WE MAY PURCHASE YOUR WARRANT STOCK.

 

We may exercise Our purchase rights, in whole or in part, at any time, or from time to time, prior to the expiration of the term of this Warrant Agreement, by giving You, except as provided in the last paragraph of this Section 3, a completed and executed Notice of Exercise in the form attached as Exhibit I. Promptly upon receipt of the Notice of Exercise and in any event no later than twenty-one (21) days after you have received Our Notice of Exercise and payment of the aggregate Exercise Price for the shares purchased, You will issue to Us a certificate for the number of shares of Warrant Stock that We have purchased and You will execute the Acknowledgment of Exercise in the form attached hereto as Exhibit II indicating the number of shares which will be available to Us for future purchases, if any.

 

2


 

We may pay for the Warrant Stock by either (i) cash or check, or (ii) by the net issuance method as determined below. If We elect the Net Issuance method, You will issue Warrant Stock using the following formula:

 

X = Y(A-B)

A

 

Where:  X =                             the number of shares of Warrant Stock to be issued to Us.

Y =                             the number of shares of Warrant Stock We request to be exercised under this Warrant Agreement.

A =                             the fair market value of one share of Warrant Stock.

B =                             the Exercise Price.

 

For purposes of the above calculation, current fair market value of Warrant Stock shall mean with respect to each share of Warrant Stock:

 

If the exercise is in connection with but not after the initial public offering of Your Common Stock, and if Your registration statement relating to such public offering has been declared effective by the SEC, then the fair market value per share shall be the product of (x) the initial “Price to Public” specified in the final prospectus of the offering and (y) the number of shares of common stock into which each share of Warrant Stock is convertible at the time of such exercise;

 

If this Warrant Agreement is exercised after, and not in connection with Your initial public offering, and:

 

·                                          if traded on a securities exchange, the fair market value shall be the product of (x) the average of the closing prices over a five (5) day period ending three (3) days before the day the current fair market value of the securities is being determined and (y) the number of shares of common stock into which each share of Warrant Stock is convertible at the time of such exercise; or

 

·                                          if actively traded over-the-counter, the fair market value shall be the product of (x) the average of the closing bid and asked prices quoted on the NASDAQ system (or similar system) over the five (5) day period ending three (3) days before the day the current fair market value of the securities is being determined and (y) the number of shares of common stock into which each share of Warrant Stock is convertible at the time of such exercise.

 

If this Warrant Agreement is exercised prior to or after Your initial public offering, and:

 

·                                          Your common stock is not listed on any securities exchange or quoted in the NASDAQ system or the over-the-counter market, the current fair market value of Warrant Stock shall be the product of (x) the fair market value of a share of Your common stock for shares of common stock sold, from authorized but unissued shares), as determined in good faith by Your Board of Directors, and (y) the number of shares of common stock into which each share of Warrant Stock is convertible at the time of such exercise. Notwithstanding the foregoing, however, if You shall become subject to a merger, acquisition or other consolidation pursuant to which holders of Warrant Stock shall be entitled to receive cash, securities or other property, then the fair market value of the Warrant Stock shall be deemed to be the value received by the holders of the Warrant Stock (on a common equivalent basis) pursuant to such merger or acquisition or other consolidation.

 

During the term of this Warrant Agreement, You will at all times from and after the Effective Date have authorized and reserved a sufficient number of shares of (a) Warrant Stock to provide for the exercise of our rights to purchase Warrant Stock, and (b) common stock to provide for the conversion of the Warrant Stock.

 

If We elect to exercise part of the Warrant Agreement, You will promptly issue to Us an amended Warrant Agreement stating the remaining number of shares that are available. All other terms and conditions of that amended Warrant Agreement shall be identical to those contained in this Warrant Agreement.

 

If at the end of the term of this Warrant Agreement, the fair market value of one share of Warrant Stock (or other security issuable upon the exercise hereof) as determined in accordance herewith is greater than the Exercise Price in effect on such date, then this Warrant Agreement shall automatically be deemed on and as of such date to be converted pursuant hereto as to all shares of Warrant Stock (or such other securities) for which it shall not previously have been exercised or converted, and You shall promptly deliver a certificate representing the shares of Warrant Stock (or such other securities) issued upon such conversion to Us.

 

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4.                   WHEN WILL THE NUMBER OF SHARES AND EXERCISE PRICE CHANGE.

 

·                                          If You are Acquired.  If at any time: (i) there is a reorganization of Your stock (other than a reclassification, exchange or subdivision of Your stock otherwise provided for in this Warrant Agreement); (ii) You merge or consolidate with or into another entity, whether or not You are the surviving entity; (iii) You sell or convey, or grant an exclusive license with respect to, all or substantially all of Your assets to any other person; or (iv) there occurs any transaction or series of related transactions that result in the transfer of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding voting power of Your capital stock (each of the foregoing events are referred to as a “Merger Event”), then, as a part of such Merger Event, lawful provision shall be made so that We shall thereafter be entitled to receive, upon exercise of Our rights under this Warrant Agreement, the number of shares of preferred stock or other securities of the successor or surviving person resulting from such Merger Event, that would have been issuable if We had exercised Our rights under this Warrant Agreement immediately prior to the Merger Event. In any such case, appropriate adjustment (as determined in good faith by Your Board of Directors) shall be made in the application of the provisions of this Warrant Agreement with respect to Our rights and interest after the Merger Event so that the provisions of this Warrant Agreement (including adjustments of the Exercise Price and number of shares of Warrant Stock purchasable) shall be applicable to the greatest extent possible.

 

·                                          If You Reclassify Your Stock.  If at any time You reclassify or subdivide Your securities or otherwise change any of the securities as to which purchase rights under this Warrant Agreement exist into the same or a different number of securities of any other class or classes, this Warrant Agreement will thereafter represent the right to acquire such number and kind of securities as would have been issuable as the result of such change with respect to the securities which were subject to the purchase rights under this Warrant Agreement immediately prior to such combination, reclassification, exchange, subdivision or other change.

 

·                                          If You Subdivide or Combine Your Shares. If at any time You combine or subdivide the Warrant Stock, the Exercise Price will be proportionately decreased in the case of a subdivision, or proportionately increased in the case of a combination.

 

·                                          If You Pay Stock Dividends.  If at any time You pay a dividend payable in, or make any other distribution (except any distribution specifically provided for in the above paragraphs) of the Warrant Stock, then the Exercise Price shall be adjusted, from and after the record date of such dividend or distribution, to that price determined by multiplying the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to such record date by a fraction (i) the numerator of which shall be the total number of all shares of the Warrant Stock outstanding immediately prior to such dividend or distribution, and (ii) the denominator of which shall be the total number of all shares of the Warrant Stock outstanding immediately after such dividend or distribution. We will thereafter be entitled to purchase, at the Exercise Price resulting from such adjustment, the number of shares of Warrant Stock (calculated to the nearest whole share) obtained by multiplying the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to such adjustment by the number of shares of Warrant Stock issuable upon the exercise hereof immediately prior to such adjustment and dividing the product thereof by the Exercise Price resulting from such adjustment.

 

·                                          “Pay to Play” Rights. In the event that any “pay to play” terms or conditions (i.e. terms or conditions that require a holder of shares of Your preferred stock (the “Preferred Stock”) to purchase securities in a future round of equity financing or else lose the benefit of anti-dilution protections applicable to shares of Preferred Stock or have such shares of Preferred Stock automatically convert into common stock or another class or series of capital stock) in Your Certificate of Incorporation are triggered in connection with any sale or issuance of securities (a “Trigger Event”), then, in each such event the purchase rights under this Warrant Agreement shall automatically adjust to provide Us, upon the later exercise hereof, with the same securities and/or rights that We would have received had We (x) exercised this Warrant Agreement prior to such Trigger Event, and (y) participated in the applicable equity financing in an amount sufficient to be deemed to have fully participated for purposes of such “pay to play” provision.

 

·                                          If You Change the Antidilution Rights of the Warrant Stock or Issue New Preferred or Convertible Stock. All antidilution rights applicable to the Warrant Stock purchasable under this Warrant Agreement are as set forth in Your Certificate of Incorporation, as amended through the Effective Date. You will promptly provide Us with any restatement, amendment, modification of or waiver of any right under Your Certificate of Incorporation. You will provide Us with copies of any notices that You send to Your stockholders with respect to any issuance of Your stock or other equity security to occur after the Effective Date (other than issuances of stock or equity securities pursuant to customary employee stock plans).

 

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5.                   WE CAN TRANSFER THIS PLAIN ENGLISH WARRANT AGREEMENT.

 

Subject to the terms and conditions contained in Section 7, We (or any successor transferee) may transfer in whole or in part this Warrant Agreement and all its rights, provided that as a condition of any such transfer, the transferee agrees to be bound by the terms of this Warrant Agreement. You will record the transfer on Your books when You receive Our Notice of Transfer in the form attached hereto as Exhibit III, and Our payment of all transfer taxes and other governmental charges involved in such transfer.

 

6.                   REPRESENTATIONS, WARRANTIES, AND COVENANTS FROM YOU.

 

·                                          Reservation of Warrant Stock. The Warrant Stock issuable upon exercise of Our rights under this Warrant Agreement will be duly and validly reserved and when issued in accordance with the provisions of this Warrant Agreement will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, and will be free of any taxes, liens, charges or encumbrances of any nature whatsoever (other than liens or encumbrances created by or imposed by Us); provided, however, that the Warrant Stock issuable pursuant to this Warrant Agreement may be subject to restrictions on transfer under state and/or Federal securities laws. Upon Our exercise, You will issue to Us certificates for shares of Warrant Stock without charging Us any tax, or other cost incurred by You in connection with such exercise and the related issuance of shares of Warrant Stock. You will not be required to pay any tax, which may be payable in respect of any transfer involved and the issuance and delivery of any certificate in a name other than TriplePoint Venture Growth BDC Corp.

 

·                                          Due Authority. Your execution and delivery of this Warrant Agreement and the performance of Your obligations hereunder, including the issuance to Us of the right to acquire the shares of Warrant Stock, have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on Your part and this Warrant Agreement is not inconsistent with Your Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws, do not contravene any law or governmental rule, regulation or order applicable to it, do not and will not contravene any material provision of, or constitute a material default under, any indenture, mortgage, material contract or other instrument to which You are a party or by which You are bound, and this Warrant Agreement constitutes a legal, valid and binding agreement, enforceable in accordance with its respective terms, subject to laws of general application relating to bankruptcy, insolvency and the relief of debtors and the rules of law or principles at equity governing specific performance, injunctive relief and other equitable remedies.

 

·                                          Consents and Approvals.  No consent or approval of, giving of notice to, registration with, or taking of any other action in respect of any state, Federal or other governmental authority or agency is required with respect to execution, delivery and Your performance of Your obligations under this Warrant Agreement, except for the filing of any required notices pursuant to Federal and state securities laws, which filings will be effective by the times required thereby.

 

·                                          Issued Securities. All of Your issued and outstanding shares of common stock, Warrant Stock or any other securities have been duly authorized and validly issued and are fully paid and nonassessable. All outstanding shares of common stock and Warrant Stock were issued in full compliance with all Federal and state securities laws. In addition as of the Effective Date:

 

Your authorized capital consists of (A) 160,000,000 shares of common stock, of which 39,987,959 shares of common stock are issued and outstanding, and (B) 96,032,021 shares of preferred stock, of which 95,728,744 shares are issued and outstanding.

 

You have reserved 61,216,408 shares of common stock for issuance under Your Stock Incentive Plan, under which 19,926,759 options have been granted and are currently outstanding. Silicon Valley Bank holds a warrant to purchase 170,818 shares of Series B Preferred Stock. Except as otherwise provided in this Warrant Agreement and as noted above, there are no other options, warrants, conversion privileges or other rights presently outstanding to purchase or otherwise acquire any authorized but unissued shares of Your capital stock or other of Your securities.

 

Except as set forth in the Rights Agreement (as defined below), a true, correct and complete copy of which has been delivered to Us prior to the issuance of this Warrant, Your stockholders do not have preemptive rights to purchase new issuances of Your capital stock.

 

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·                                          Other Commitments to Register Securities. Except as set forth in this Warrant Agreement and the Rights Agreement (as defined below), You are not, pursuant to the terms of any other agreement currently in existence, under any obligation to register under the 1933 Act any of Your presently outstanding securities or any of Your securities which may hereafter be issued.

 

·                                          Exempt Transaction. Subject to the accuracy of Our representations in Section 7 hereof, the issuance of the Warrant Stock upon exercise of this Warrant Agreement will constitute a transaction exempt from (i) the registration requirements of Section 5 of the 1933 Act, in reliance upon Section 4(2) thereof, and (ii) the qualification requirements of the applicable state securities laws.

 

·                                          Compliance with Rule 144. Subject to the other restrictions set forth in this Warrant Agreement, We may sell the Warrant Stock issuable hereunder in compliance with Rule 144 promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Within ten (10) days of Our request, You agree to furnish Us, a written statement confirming Your compliance with the filing requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission as set forth in such Rule 144, as may be amended.

 

·                                          No Impairment. You agree not to, by amendment of Your Certificate of Incorporation, by-laws or other organizational or charter documents or through a reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms to be observed or performed under this Warrant by You, but shall at all times in good faith assist in carrying out of all the provisions of this Warrant and in taking all such action as may be necessary or appropriate to protect Our rights under this Warrant against impairment. However, You shall not be deemed to have impaired Our rights if You amend Your Certificate of Incorporation, or the holders of Your preferred stock waive their rights thereunder, in a manner that does not (individually or when considered in the context of any other actions being taken in connection with such amendments or waivers) affect Us in a manner different from the effect that such amendments or waivers have on the rights of other holders of the same series and class as the Warrant Stock; provided, however, that, notwithstanding the foregoing, You shall not impose any restrictions on the transferability or alienability of the Warrant Stock other than in effect as of the Effective Date without the express written consent of Us.

 

7.                   OUR REPRESENTATIONS AND COVENANTS TO YOU.

 

·                                          Investment Purpose.  The right to acquire Warrant Stock or the Warrant Stock issuable upon exercise of Our rights contained herein and the common stock issuable upon conversion will be acquired for investment purposes and not with a view to the sale or distribution of any part thereof, and We have no present intention of selling or engaging in any public distribution of the same in violation of the 1933 Act.

 

·                                          Private Issue.  We understand (i) that this Warrant Agreement, the Warrant Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant Agreement and the common stock issuable upon conversion of the Warrant Stock are not registered under the 1933 Act or qualified under applicable state securities laws on the ground that the issuance contemplated by this Warrant Agreement will be exempt from the registration and qualifications requirements thereof, and (ii) that Your reliance on such exemption is predicated on the representations set forth in this Section 7.

 

·                                          Disposition of Our Rights.  In no event will We make a disposition of any of Our rights to acquire Warrant Stock or Warrant Stock issuable upon exercise of such rights or the common stock issuable upon conversion of the Warrant Stock unless and until (i) We shall have notified You in writing of the proposed disposition, and (ii) the transferee agrees to be bound in writing to the applicable terms and conditions of this Warrant Agreement, and (iii) if You request, We shall have furnished You with an opinion of counsel satisfactory to You and Your counsel to the effect that (A) appropriate action necessary for compliance with the 1933 Act has been taken, or (B) an exemption from the registration requirements of the 1933 Act is available. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the restrictions imposed upon the transferability of any of Our rights to acquire Warrant Stock or Warrant Stock issuable on the exercise of such rights or the common stock issuable upon conversion of the Warrant Stock do not apply to transfers from the beneficial owner of any of the aforementioned securities to its nominee or from such nominee to its beneficial owner, and shall terminate as to any particular share of Warrant Stock when (1) such security shall have been effectively registered under the 1933 Act and sold by the holder thereof in accordance with such registration or (2) such security shall have been sold without registration in compliance with Rule 144 under the 1933 Act, or (3) a letter shall have been issued to You at Our request by the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission or a ruling shall have been issued to You at Our request by such Commission stating that no action shall be recommended by such staff or taken

 

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by such Commission, as the case may be, if such security is transferred without registration under the 1933 Act in accordance with the conditions set forth in such letter or ruling and such letter or ruling specifies that no subsequent restrictions on transfer are required. Whenever the restrictions imposed hereunder shall terminate, as hereinabove provided, the holder of a share of Warrant Stock then outstanding as to which such restrictions have terminated shall be entitled to receive from You, without expense to such holder, one or more new certificates for the Warrant or for such shares of Warrant Stock not bearing any restrictive legend referring to 1933 Act registration or exemption.

 

·                                          Financial Risk. We have such knowledge and experience in financial and business matters and knowledge of Your business affairs and financial condition as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of Our investment, and have the ability to bear the economic risks of Our investment.

 

·                                          Risk of No Registration. We understand that if You do not register with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “1934 Act”), or file reports pursuant to Section 15(d), of the 1934 Act, or if a registration statement covering the securities under the 1933 Act is not in effect when We desire to sell (i) the rights to purchase Warrant Stock pursuant to this Warrant Agreement, or (ii) the Warrant Stock issuable upon exercise of the right to purchase, or (iii) the common stock issuable upon conversion of the Warrant Stock, We may be required to hold such securities for an indefinite period. We also understand that any sale of Our right to purchase Warrant Stock or Warrant Stock or common stock issuable upon conversion of the Warrant Stock, which might be made by it in reliance upon Rule 144 under the 1933 Act may be made only in accordance with the terms and conditions of that Rule.

 

·                                          Accredited Investor. We are an “accredited investor” within the meaning of the Securities and Exchange Rule 501 of Regulation D of the 1933 Act, as presently in effect.

 

·                                          Market Standoff. We agree to be bound by Section 2.04 (“Black Out Periods”) of the Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement dated as of June 11, 2015, by and among You and the investors party thereto (as amended from time to time, the “Rights Agreement”). We also agree to sign the form of lock-up letter requested by Your underwriters in Your initial public offering, provided all other stockholders bound by the market stand-off language in the Rights Agreement are similarly bound. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event shall such market stand-off provisions or lock-up letter restrict Our ability to exercise Our purchase rights under this Warrant Agreement, including the transfer of Common Stock to You solely to satisfy the exercise price pursuant to the Net Issuance Method.

 

8.                   NOTICES YOU AGREE TO PROVIDE US.

 

You agree to give Us at least ten (10) days prior written notice of the following events:

 

·                                          If You pay a Dividend or distribution declaration upon Your stock.

 

·                                          If You offer for subscription pro-rata to the existing stockholders additional stock or other equity rights.

 

·                                          If You consummate or sign definitive documents providing for a Merger Event.

 

·                                          If You consummate an initial public offering.

 

·                                          If You dissolve or liquidate.

 

All notices in this Section must set forth details of the event, how the event adjusts either Our number of shares or Our Exercise Price and the method used for such adjustment.

 

No less than ten (10) business days prior to any Merger Event, You shall provide Us with written notice of the proposed Merger Event together with a copy of the executed merger agreement, or other definitive documentation (and all schedules and exhibits thereto) and information concerning Your expected capitalization immediately prior to the Merger Event.  Upon consummation of the Merger Event, You shall promptly provide Us with (a) a copy of any modifications or amendments to the executed merger agreement, (b) any other documents in connection therewith, (c) updated information, if any, concerning Your capitalization immediately prior to the Merger Event, and, (d) upon request, by Us any other information reasonably necessary to an informed evaluation of Our rights under this Warrant Agreement.

 

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Timely Notice. Your failure to timely provide such notice required above shall entitle Us to retain the benefit of the applicable notice period notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any insufficient notice received by Us.

 

9.                   DOCUMENTS YOU WILL PROVIDE US.

 

Upon signing this Warrant Agreement You will provide Us with:

 

·                                          Executed originals of this Warrant Agreement, and all other documents and instruments that We may reasonably require

 

·                                          Secretary’s certificate of incumbency and authority

 

·                                          Certified copy of resolutions of Your board of directors approving this Warrant Agreement

 

·                                          Certified copy of Your Certificate of Incorporation and by-laws as amended through the Effective Date

 

·                                          Current Rights Agreement

 

So long as this Warrant Agreement is in effect, You shall provide Us with the following:

 

·                                          Within ten (10) Business Days after the closing of any equity financing, or extension of an existing round of equity financing, occurring after the Effective Date, in which You issue preferred stock or other securities You will provide Us with copies of the fully executed equity financing documents, including without limitation the related stock purchase agreement, investors rights agreement, voting agreement, amended or restated Certificates of Incorporation, current capitalization table and other related documents. Notwithstanding any term or condition contained in this Warrant Agreement to the contrary, Your failure to comply with this paragraph shall not constitute a default unless You have not provided the information requested within ten (10) days of Our request.

 

·                                          Within thirty (30) days after completion You shall provide Us with any 409A Valuation Reports or other similar reports prepared for You. Notwithstanding any term or condition contained in this Warrant Agreement to the contrary, Your failure to comply with this paragraph shall not constitute a default unless You have not provided the information requested within ten (10) days of Our request.

 

·                                          After all obligations under the Loan Agreement have been finally paid in full, within thirty (30) days after the end of each quarter, You will provide Us with (1) an unaudited income statement, statement of cash flows, and an unaudited balance sheet prepared in accordance with GAAP accompanied by a report detailing any material contingencies, and (2) within one hundred eighty (180) days of the end of each fiscal year end, You will provide Us with audited financial statements accompanied by an audit report and an unqualified opinion of the independent certified public accountants. Notwithstanding any term or condition contained in this Warrant Agreement to the contrary, Your failure to comply with this paragraph shall not constitute a default unless You have not provided the information requested within ten (10) days of Our request.

 

·                                          You shall submit to Us any other documents and other information that We may reasonably request from time to time and are necessary to implement the provisions and purposes of this Warrant Agreement.

 

10.            REGISTRATION RIGHTS UNDER THE 1933 ACT.

 

The shares of Your common stock into which the Warrant Stock is convertible shall be entitled to “piggyback” and S-3 registration rights on the same terms, conditions, limitations and obligations imposed upon other holders of Your Preferred Stock, all as set forth in the Rights Agreement. The provisions set forth in the Rights Agreement relating to such registration rights in effect as of the date of this Warrant Agreement may not be amended, modified or waived without Our prior written consent unless such amendment, modification or waiver affects the rights associated with the shares of common stock into which the Warrant Stock is convertible in the same manner as such amendment, modification, or waiver affects the rights associated with all other shares of the same series and class of stock as the Warrant Stock.

 

11.            OTHER LEGAL PROVISIONS THE PARTIES WILL ABIDE BY.

 

Effective Date. This Warrant Agreement shall be construed and shall be given effect in all respects as if it had been executed and delivered by the Parties on the date hereof. This Warrant Agreement shall be binding upon any of the successors or assigns of the Parties.

 

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Attorney’s Fees. In any litigation, arbitration or court proceeding between the Parties relating to this Warrant Agreement, the prevailing party shall be entitled to reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses and all reasonable costs of proceedings incurred in enforcing this Warrant Agreement.

 

Governing Law. This Warrant Agreement shall be governed by and construed for all purposes under and in accordance with the laws of the State of California without giving effect to that body of law pertaining to conflicts of laws.

 

Consent to Jurisdiction and Venue.  All judicial proceedings arising in or under or related to this Warrant Agreement may be brought in any state or federal court of competent jurisdiction located in the State of California. By execution and delivery of this Warrant Agreement, each party hereto generally and unconditionally: (a) consents to personal jurisdiction in San Mateo County, State of California; (b) waives any objection as to jurisdiction or venue in San Mateo County, State of California; and (c) agrees not to assert any defense based on lack of jurisdiction or venue in the aforesaid courts. Service of process on any party hereto in any action arising out of or relating to this Warrant Agreement shall be effective if given in accordance with the requirements for notice set forth in this Section, and shall be deemed effective and received as set forth therein. Nothing herein shall affect the right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law or shall limit the right of either party to bring proceedings in the courts of any other jurisdiction.

 

Mutual Waiver of Jury Trial; Judicial Reference. Because disputes arising in connection with complex financial transactions are most quickly and economically resolved by an experienced and expert person and the Parties wish applicable state and federal laws to apply (rather than arbitration rules), the Parties desire that their disputes be resolved by a judge applying such applicable laws. EACH OF THE PARTIES SPECIFICALLY WAIVES ANY RIGHT THEY MAY HAVE TO TRIAL BY JURY OF ANY CAUSE OF ACTION, CLAIM, CROSS-CLAIM, COUNTERCLAIM, THIRD PARTY CLAIM OR ANY OTHER CLAIM (COLLECTIVELY, “CLAIMS”) ASSERTED BY YOU AGAINST US OR OUR ASSIGNEE OR BY US OR OUR ASSIGNEE AGAINST YOU WITH RESPECT TO THIS WARRANT AGREEMENT. IN THE EVENT THAT THE FOREGOING JURY TRIAL WAIVER IS NOT ENFORCEABLE, ALL CLAIMS, INCLUDING ANY AND ALL QUESTIONS OF LAW OR FACT RELATING THERETO, SHALL, AT THE WRITTEN REQUEST OF ANY PARTY, BE DETERMINED BY JUDICIAL REFERENCE PURSUANT TO THE CALIFORNIA CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE. THE PARTIES SHALL MUTUALLY SELECT A SINGLE NEUTRAL REFEREE, WHO SHALL BE A RETIRED STATE OR FEDERAL JUDGE. IN THE EVENT THAT THE PARTIES CANNOT AGREE UPON A REFEREE, THE REFEREE SHALL BE APPOINTED BY THE COURT. THE REFEREE SHALL REPORT A STATEMENT OF DECISION TO THE COURT. NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL LIMIT THE RIGHT OF ANY PARTY AT ANY TIME TO EXERCISE LAWFUL SELF-HELP REMEDIES, FORECLOSE AGAINST COLLATERAL OR OBTAIN PROVISIONAL REMEDIES. THE PARTIES SHALL BEAR THE FEES AND EXPENSES OF THE REFEREE EQUALLY UNLESS THE REFEREE ORDERS OTHERWISE.  THE REFEREE SHALL ALSO DETERMINE ALL ISSUES RELATING TO THE APPLICABILITY, INTERPRETATION, AND ENFORCEABILITY OF THIS SECTION. THE PARTIES ACKNOWLEDGE THAT THE CLAIMS WILL NOT BE ADJUDICATED BY A JURY. This waiver extends to all such Claims, including Claims that involve persons other than You and Us; Claims that arise out of or are in any way connected to the relationship between You and Us; and any Claims for damages, breach of contract, specific performance, or any equitable or legal relief of any kind, in each case arising out of this Warrant Agreement.

 

Counterparts. This Warrant Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.

 

Notices. Any notice required or permitted under this Warrant Agreement shall be given in writing and shall be deemed effectively given upon the earlier of (1) actual receipt or 3 days after mailing if mailed postage prepaid by regular or airmail to Us or You or (2) one day after it is sent by overnight mail via nationally recognized courier or (3) on the same day as sent via confirmed facsimile transmission, provided that the original is sent by personal delivery or mail by the sending party.

 

Remedies. In the event of any default hereunder, the non-defaulting party may proceed to protect and enforce its rights either by suit in equity and/or by action at law, including but not limited to an action for damages as a result of any such default, and/or an action for specific performance for any default where such party will not have an adequate remedy at law and where damages will not be readily ascertainable. Each party expressly acknowledges and agrees that there is no adequate remedy at law for any breach of this Warrant Agreement and that in the event of any breach of this Warrant Agreement, the injured party shall be entitled to specific performance of any or all provisions hereof or an injunction prohibiting the other party from continuing to commit any such breach of this Warrant Agreement.

 

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Survival. The representations, warranties, covenants, and conditions of the Parties contained herein or made pursuant to this Warrant Agreement shall survive the execution and delivery of this Warrant Agreement.

 

Severability.  In the event any one or more of the provisions of this Warrant Agreement shall for any reason be held invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the remaining provisions of this Warrant Agreement shall be unimpaired, and the invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision shall be replaced by a mutually acceptable valid, legal and enforceable provision, which comes closest to the intention of the Parties underlying the invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision.

 

Entire Agreement. This Warrant Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the Parties pertaining to the subject matter contained in it and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous agreements, representations and undertakings of the Parties, whether oral or written, with respect to such subject matter.

 

Amendments. Any provision of this Warrant Agreement may only be amended by a written instrument signed by the Parties.

 

Lost Warrants or Stock Certificates. You covenant to Us that, upon receipt of evidence reasonably satisfactory to Us of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant Agreement or any stock certificate and, in the case of any such loss, theft or destruction, upon receipt of an indemnity reasonably satisfactory to You, or in the case of any such mutilation upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant Agreement or stock certificate, You will make and deliver a new Warrant Agreement or stock certificate, of like tenor, in lieu of the lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated Warrant Agreement or stock certificate.

 

Rights as Stockholders. We shall not, as a party to this Warrant Agreement, be entitled to vote or receive dividends or be deemed the holder of Warrant Stock or any of Your other securities which may at any time be issuable upon the exercise hereof for any purpose, nor shall anything contained herein be construed to confer upon Us any of the rights of one of Your stockholders or any right to vote for the election of directors or upon any matter submitted to stockholders at any meeting thereof, or to receive dividends or subscription rights or otherwise until this Warrant Agreement is exercised and the shares purchasable upon the exercise hereof shall have become deliverable, as provided herein.

 

Signatures. This Warrant Agreement may be executed and delivered by facsimile or transmitted electronically in either Tagged Image Format Files (“TIFF”) or Portable Document Format (“PDF”) and, upon such delivery, the facsimile, TIFF or PDF signature, as applicable, will be deemed to have the same effect as if the original signature had been delivered to the other party.

 

(Signature Page to Follow)

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the Parties have caused this Warrant Agreement to be executed by its officers who are duly authorized as of the Effective Date.

 

 

 

You:

CROWDSTRIKE HOLDINGS, INC.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Signature:

/s/ George Kurtz

 

 

 

 

Print Name:

George Kurtz

 

 

 

 

Title:

Chief Executive Officer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Us:

TRIPLEPOINT VENTURE GROWTH BDC CORP.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Signature:

/s/ Sajal Srivastava

 

 

 

 

Print Name:

Sajal Srivastava

 

 

 

 

Title:

President

 

[SIGNATURE PAGE TO WARRANT AGREEMENT 0987-W-01]

 

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EXHIBIT I

 

NOTICE OF EXERCISE

 

To:                             [                                    ]

 

1.                                      We hereby elect to purchase [              ] shares of the Series [              ] Preferred Stock of [              ], pursuant to the terms of the Plain English Warrant Agreement dated the [              ] day of [              ], [20  ] (the “Plain English Warrant Agreement”) between You and Us, We hereby tender here payment of the purchase price for such shares in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.

 

2.                                      Method of Exercise (Please initial the applicable blank)

 

a.                                                     The undersigned elects to exercise the Plain English Warrant Agreement by means of a cash payment, and gives You full payment for the purchase price of the shares being purchased, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.

 

b.                                                     The undersigned elects to exercise the Plain English Warrant Agreement by means of the Net Issuance Exercise method of Section 3 of the Plain English Warrant Agreement.

 

3.                                      In exercising Our rights to purchase the Series [            ] Preferred Stock of [                ], We hereby confirm and acknowledge the investment representations, warranties and covenants made in Section 7 of the Plain English Warrant Agreement.

 

Please issue a certificate or certificates representing these purchased shares of Series [             ] Preferred Stock in Our name or in such other name as is specified below.

 

 

 

(Name)

 

 

 

 

 

(Address)

 

 

 

 

 

US:

TRIPLEPOINT VENTURE GROWTH BDC CORP.

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

 

Date:

 

 

 

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EXHIBIT II

 

ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF EXERCISE

 

[                                  ], hereby acknowledges receipt of the “Notice of Exercise” from TRIPLEPOINT VENTURE GROWTH BDC CORP., to purchase [            ] shares of the Series [            ] Preferred Stock of [                       ], pursuant to the terms of the Plain English Warrant Agreement, and further acknowledges that [            ] shares remain subject to purchase under the terms of the Plain English Warrant Agreement.

 

YOU:

CROWDSTRIKE HOLDINGS, INC.

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

 

Date:

 

 

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EXHIBIT III

 

TRANSFER NOTICE

 

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Plain English Warrant Agreement and all rights evidenced thereby are hereby transferred and assigned to

 

 

 

(Please Print)

 

 

 

Whose address is

 

 

 

 

 

Dated:

 

 

 

 

 

Holder’s Signature:

 

 

 

 

 

Holder’s Address:

 

 

 

 

 

Transferee’s Signature:

 

 

 

 

 

Transferee’s Address:

 

 

 

 

 

Signature Guaranteed:

 

 

 

NOTE: The signature to this Transfer Notice must correspond with the name as it appears on the face of the Plain English Warrant Agreement, without alteration or enlargement or any change whatever. Officers of corporations and those acting in a fiduciary or other representative capacity should file proper evidence of authority to assign the foregoing Plain English Warrant Agreement.

 

By signature hereto, Transferee agrees to be subject to and bound by the terms and conditions of (i) the Plain English Warrant Agreement, and hereby makes and agrees to be bound by the investment representations, warranties and covenants contained in Section 7 thereof and (ii) Section 2.04 (“Black Out Periods”) of the Rights Agreement. Transferee also agrees to execute the form of lock-up letter requested by the underwriters of CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.’s initial public offering. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event shall such market stand-off provisions or lock-up letter restrict Our ability to exercise Our purchase rights under this Warrant Agreement, including the transfer of Common Stock to You solely to satisfy the exercise price pursuant to the Net Issuance Method.

 

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EXHIBITS 5.1 and 23.2

 

 

New York

Paris

 

Northern California

Madrid

 

Washington DC

Tokyo

 

São Paulo

Beijing

 

London

Hong Kong

 

 

 

 

 

Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP

650 752 2000 tel

 

1600 El Camino Real

650 752 2111 fax

 

Menlo Park, CA 94025

 

 

 

May 29, 2019

 

CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.
150 Mathilda Place, Suite 300
Sunnyvale, California 94086

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission a Registration Statement on Form S-1 (the “Registration Statement”) and the related prospectus (the “Prospectus”) for the purpose of registering under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), 20,700,000 shares of its Class A Common Stock, par value $0.0005 per share (the “Securities”), including 2,700,000 shares subject to the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares, as described in the Registration Statement.

 

We, as your counsel, have examined originals or copies of such documents, corporate records, certificates of public officials and other instruments as we have deemed necessary or advisable for the purpose of rendering this opinion.

 

In rendering the opinion expressed herein, we have, without independent inquiry or investigation, assumed that (i) all documents submitted to us as originals are authentic and complete, (ii) all documents submitted to us as copies conform to authentic, complete originals, (iii) all signatures on all documents that we reviewed are genuine, (iv) all natural persons executing documents had and have the legal capacity to do so, (v) all statements in certificates of public officials and officers of the Company that we reviewed were and are accurate and (vi) all representations made by the Company as to matters of fact in the documents that we reviewed were and are accurate.

 

Based upon the foregoing, we advise you that, in our opinion, when the price at which the Securities to be sold has been approved by or on behalf of the Board of Directors of the Company and when the Securities have been issued and delivered against payment therefor in accordance with the terms of the Underwriting Agreement referred to in the prospectus which is a part of the Registration Statement, the Securities will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

 


 

We are members of the Bars of the States of New York and California and the foregoing opinion is limited to the laws of the State of New York and the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.

 

We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and further consent to the reference to our name under the caption “Legal Matters” in the Prospectus. In giving this consent, we do not admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act.

 

Very truly yours,

 

/s/ Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP

 

 




Exhibit 10.2

 

CROWDSTRIKE HOLDINGS, INC.

 

2019 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN

 

1.                                      Purposes of the Plan.  The purposes of this Plan are:

 

·                                          to attract and retain the best available personnel for positions of substantial responsibility;

 

·                                          to provide additional incentive to Employees, Directors and Consultants; and

 

·                                          to promote the success of the Company’s business.

 

2.                                      Definitions.  As used herein, the following definitions will apply:

 

(a)                                 Administrator” means the Committee.

 

(b)                                 Applicable Laws” means the legal and regulatory requirements relating to the administration of equity-based awards and the related issuance of Shares thereunder, including but not limited to U.S. federal and state corporate laws, U.S. federal and state securities laws, the Code, any stock exchange or quotation system on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted and the applicable laws of any non-U.S. country or jurisdiction where Awards are, or will be, granted under the Plan.

 

(c)                                  Award” means, individually or collectively, a grant under the Plan of Options, Stock Appreciation Rights, Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, Performance Units, Performance Shares or Other Share-Based Awards.

 

(d)                                 Award Agreement” means the written or electronic agreement setting forth the terms and provisions applicable to each Award granted under the Plan.  The Award Agreement is subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan.

 

(e)                                  Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company.

 

(f)                                   Cause” means, in the absence of an Award Agreement or employment or service agreement with the Participant otherwise defining Cause, (i) a Participant’s conviction of or indictment for any crime (whether or not involving the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company) (A) constituting a felony or (B) that has, or could reasonably be expected to result in, an adverse impact on the performance of the Participant’s duties to the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company, or otherwise has, or could reasonably be expected to result in, an adverse impact on the business or reputation of the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company; (ii) conduct of a Participant, in connection with his employment or service, that has, or could reasonably be expected to result in, material injury to the business or reputation of the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company; (iii) any material violation of the policies of the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company including, but not limited to, those relating to sexual harassment or the disclosure or misuse of confidential information, or those set forth in the manuals

 


 

or statements of policy of the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company; (iv) willful neglect in the performance of a Participant’s duties for the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company or willful or repeated failure or refusal to perform such duties; (v) acts of willful misconduct on the part of a Participant in the course of his employment or service that has, or could be reasonably expected to result in, material injury to the reputation or business of the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company; (vi) embezzlement, misappropriation or fraud committed by a Participant or at his direction, or with his personal knowledge, in the course of his employment or service, that has, or could be reasonably expected to result in, material injury to the reputation or business of the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company; or (vii) a Participant’s breach of any material provision of any employment or service agreement that has, or could be reasonably expected to result in, material injury to the reputation or business of the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company, which breach is not susceptible to cure, or that is not cured within thirty (30) days after the Participant is given written notice of such breach by the Company; provided, however, that if, subsequent to a Participant’s voluntary termination for any reason or involuntary termination by the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company without Cause, it is discovered that the Participant’s employment or service could have been terminated for Cause, upon determination by the Administrator, such Participant’s employment or service shall be deemed to have been terminated for Cause for all purposes under this Plan. In the event there is an Award Agreement or an employment or service agreement with the Participant defining Cause, “Cause” shall have the meaning provided in such agreement, and a termination by the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company for Cause hereunder shall not be deemed to have occurred unless all applicable notice and cure periods in such Award Agreement or employment or service agreement are complied with.

 

(g)                                  Change in Control” means the occurrence of any of the following events:

 

(i)                                    A change in the ownership of the Company which occurs on the date that any one person (within the meaning of Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act), or more than one person acting as a group (“Person”), acquires ownership of the stock of the Company that, together with the stock held by such Person, constitutes more than fifty percent (50%) of the total voting power of the stock of the Company; provided, however, that for purposes of this subsection, (A) the acquisition of additional stock by any one Person, who is considered to own more than fifty percent (50%) of the total voting power of the stock of the Company will not be considered a Change in Control, (B) if the stockholders of the Company immediately before such change in ownership continue to retain immediately after the change in ownership, in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of shares of the Company’s voting stock immediately prior to the change in ownership, the direct or indirect beneficial ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the total voting power of the stock of the Company or of the ultimate parent entity of the Company, such event will not be considered a Change in Control under this subsection (i) and (C) the acquisition or accumulation of voting power of the Company by a Person due to or in connection with the conversion of shares of Class B common stock into Shares or the sale or cancellation of Class B common stock such that such Person holds more than 50% of the total voting power of the Company shall not constitute a Change in Control, unless such Person subsequently acquires ownership of additional stock of the Company that constitutes more than 2% of the total fair market value or total voting power of the stock of the Company in a single transaction or series of related transactions (excluding any acquisition of Shares

 

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or shares of Class B common stock in connection with the exercise or settlement of an Award or an award issued under the Existing Plan (as defined below) or pursuant to a dividend reinvestment plan or employee stock purchase plan established by the Company or a Parent or Subsidiary thereof).  For this purpose, indirect beneficial ownership will include, without limitation, an interest resulting from ownership of the voting securities of one or more corporations or other business entities which own the Company, as the case may be, either directly or through one or more subsidiary corporations or other business entities;

 

(ii)                                The consummation of a merger or consolidation of the Company with any other corporation or other entity, or the issuance of voting securities in connection with a merger or consolidation of the Company pursuant to applicable stock exchange requirements; provided that immediately following such merger or consolidation the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto do not continue to represent (either by remaining outstanding or by being converted into voting securities of the surviving entity of such merger or consolidation or parent entity thereof) fifty percent (50%) or more of the total voting power of the Company’s stock (or, if the Company is not the surviving entity of such merger or consolidation, fifty percent (50%) or more of the total voting power of the stock of such surviving entity or parent entity thereof); and provided, further, that a merger or consolidation effected to implement a recapitalization of the Company (or similar transaction) in which no Person is or becomes the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company (not including in the securities beneficially owned by such Person any securities acquired directly from the Company or its affiliates other than in connection with the acquisition by the Company or its affiliates of a business) representing fifty percent (50%) or more of either the then-outstanding Shares or the combined voting power of the Company’s then-outstanding voting securities shall not be considered a Change in Control;

 

(iii)                            A change in the effective control of the Company which occurs on the date that a majority of members of the Board is replaced during any twelve (12)-month period by Directors whose appointment or election is not endorsed by a majority of the members of the Board prior to the date of the appointment or election.  For purposes of this subsection (iii), if any Person is considered to be in effective control of the Company, the acquisition of additional control of the Company by the same Person will not be considered a Change in Control; or

 

(iv)                             A change in the ownership of a substantial portion of the Company’s assets which occurs on the date that any Person acquires (or has acquired during the twelve (12)-month period ending on the date of the most recent acquisition by such person or persons) assets from the Company that have a total gross fair market value equal to or more than fifty percent (50%) of the total gross fair market value of all of the assets of the Company immediately prior to such acquisition or acquisitions; provided, however, that for purposes of this subsection (iv), the following will not constitute a change in the ownership of a substantial portion of the Company’s assets: (A) a transfer to an entity that is controlled by the Company’s stockholders immediately after the transfer, or (B) a transfer of assets by the Company to: (1) a stockholder of the Company (immediately before the asset transfer) in exchange for or with respect to the Company’s stock, (2) an entity, fifty percent (50%) or more of the total value or voting power of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company, (3) a Person, that owns, directly or indirectly, fifty percent (50%) or more of the total value or voting power of all the outstanding stock of the Company, or (4) an entity, at least fifty percent (50%) of the

 

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total value or voting power of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by a Person described in this subsection (iv)(B)(3).  For purposes of this subsection (iv), gross fair market value means the value of the assets of the Company, or the value of the assets being disposed of, determined without regard to any liabilities associated with such assets.

 

For purposes of this definition, persons will be considered to be acting as a group if they are owners of a corporation that enters into a merger, consolidation, purchase or acquisition of stock, or similar business transaction with the Company.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, a transaction will not be deemed a Change in Control unless the transaction qualifies as a change in control event within the meaning of Section 409A.

 

Further and for the avoidance of doubt, a transaction will not constitute a Change in Control if: (i) its sole purpose is to change the state of the Company’s incorporation; or (ii) its sole purpose is to create a holding company that will be owned in substantially the same proportions by the persons who held the Company’s securities immediately before such transaction.

 

(h)                                 Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.  Reference to a specific section of the Code or regulation thereunder will include such section or regulation, any valid regulation promulgated under such section, and any comparable provision of any future legislation or regulation amending, supplementing or superseding such section or regulation.

 

(i)                                     Committee” means the compensation committee of the Board, unless another duly authorized committee is designated by the Board, in accordance with Section 4 hereof. If there is no compensation committee of the Board and the Board does not designate another committee, references herein to the “Committee” shall refer to the Board.

 

(j)                                    Common Stock” means the Class A common stock of the Company.

 

(k)                                 Company” means CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, or any successor thereto.

 

(l)                                     Consultant” means any natural person, including an advisor, engaged by the Company or a Parent or Subsidiary to render bona fide services to such entity, provided the services (i) are not in connection with the offer or sale of securities in a capital-raising transaction, and (ii) do not directly promote or maintain a market for the Company’s securities, in each case, within the meaning of Form S-8 promulgated under the Securities Act, and provided, further, that a Consultant will include only those persons to whom the issuance of Shares may be registered under Form S-8 promulgated under the Securities Act. For the avoidance of doubt, a Consultant will include advisory members of the Board.

 

(m)                             Data” means certain personal information about a Participant, including, but not limited to, the Participant’s name, home address and telephone number, date of birth, social insurance number or other identification number, salary, nationality, job title, any Shares or

 

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directorships held in the Company and details of all Awards or any other entitlement to Shares awarded, canceled, exercised, vested, unvested or outstanding in Participant’s favor.

 

(n)                                 Director” means a member of the Board.

 

(o)                                 Disability” means total and permanent disability as defined in Section 22(e)(3) of the Code, provided that in the case of Awards other than Incentive Stock Options, the Administrator in its discretion may determine whether a permanent and total disability exists in accordance with uniform and non-discriminatory standards adopted by the Administrator from time to time.

 

(p)                                 Employee” means any person, including Officers and Inside Directors, employed by the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company.  Neither service as a Director nor payment of a director’s fee by the Company will be sufficient to constitute “employment” by the Company.

 

(q)                                 Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

(r)                                    Exchange Program” means a program under which (i) outstanding Awards are surrendered or cancelled in exchange for awards of the same type (which may have higher or lower exercise prices and different terms), awards of a different type, and/or cash, (ii) Participants would have the opportunity to transfer any outstanding Awards to a financial institution or other person or entity selected by the Administrator, and/or (iii) the exercise price of an outstanding Award is increased or reduced.  The Administrator will determine the terms and conditions of any Exchange Program in its sole discretion.

 

(s)                                   Fair Market Value” means, as of any date, the value of Common Stock determined as follows:

 

(i)                                    For purposes of any Awards granted on the Registration Date, the Fair Market Value will be the initial price to the public as set forth in the final prospectus included within the registration statement in Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for the initial public offering of the Company’s Common Stock.

 

(ii)                                For purposes of any Awards granted on any other date, the Fair Market Value will be the closing sales price for Common Stock as quoted on any established stock exchange or national market system (including without limitation the New York Stock Exchange, NASDAQ Global Select Market, the NASDAQ Global Market or the NASDAQ Capital Market of the NASDAQ Stock Market) on which the Common Stock is listed on the date of determination (or the closing bid, if no sales were reported), as reported in The Wall Street Journal or such other source as the Administrator deems reliable.  If the determination date for the Fair Market Value occurs on a non-trading day (i.e., a weekend or holiday), the Fair Market Value will be such price on the immediately preceding trading day, unless otherwise determined by the Administrator.  In the absence of an established market for the Common Stock, the Fair Market Value thereof will be determined in good faith by the Administrator.

 

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The determination of fair market value for purposes of tax withholding may be made in the Administrator’s discretion subject to Applicable Laws and is not required to be consistent with the determination of Fair Market Value for other purposes.

 

(t)                                    Fiscal Year” means the fiscal year of the Company.

 

(u)                                 Incentive Stock Option” means an Option intended to qualify as an incentive stock option within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

(v)                                 Inside Director” means a Director who is an Employee.

 

(w)                               Nonstatutory Stock Option” means an Option that by its terms does not qualify or is not intended to qualify as an Incentive Stock Option.

 

(x)                                 Officer” means a person who is an officer of the Company within the meaning of Section 16 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

(y)                                 Option” means a stock option granted pursuant to the Plan.

 

(z)                                  Other Share-Based Award” means an Award granted pursuant to Section 11 that may be denominated or payable in, valued in whole or in part by reference to, or otherwise based on, or related to, Shares or factors that may influence the value of Shares, including convertible or exchangeable debt securities, other rights convertible or exchangeable into Shares, purchase rights for Shares, dividend rights or dividend equivalent rights or Awards with value and payment contingent upon service with performance of the Company, its Subsidiaries or business units thereof or any other factors designated by the Committee.

 

(aa)                          Outside Director” means a Director who is not an Employee.

 

(bb)                          Parent” means a “parent corporation,” whether now or hereafter existing, as defined in Section 424(e) of the Code.

 

(cc)                            Participant” means the holder of an outstanding Award.

 

(dd)                          Performance Share” means an Award denominated in Shares which may be earned in whole or in part upon attainment of performance goals or other vesting criteria as the Administrator may determine pursuant to Section 10.

 

(ee)                            Performance Unit” means an Award which may be earned in whole or in part upon attainment of performance goals or other vesting criteria as the Administrator may determine and which may be settled for cash, Shares or other securities or a combination of the foregoing  pursuant to Section 10.

 

(ff)                              Period of Restriction” means the period during which the transfer of Shares of Restricted Stock are subject to restrictions and therefore, the Shares are subject to a substantial risk of

 

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forfeiture.  Such restrictions may be based on the passage of time, the achievement of target levels of performance, or the occurrence of other events as determined by the Administrator.

 

(gg)                            Plan” means this 2019 Equity Incentive Plan.

 

(hh)                          Registration Date” means the effective date of the first registration statement that is filed by the Company and declared effective pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act, with respect to any class of the Company’s securities.

 

(ii)                                  Restricted Stock” means Shares issued pursuant to a Restricted Stock award under Section 7 of the Plan, or issued pursuant to the early exercise of an Option.

 

(jj)                                Restricted Stock Unit” means a bookkeeping entry representing an amount equal to the Fair Market Value of one Share, granted pursuant to Section 8.  Each Restricted Stock Unit represents an unfunded and unsecured obligation of the Company.

 

(kk)                          Section 409A” means Section 409A of the Code, as it has been and may be amended from time to time, and any proposed or final Treasury Regulations and Internal Revenue Service guidance that has been promulgated or may be promulgated thereunder from time to time.

 

(ll)                                  Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

(mm)                  Service Provider” means an Employee, Director or Consultant.

 

(nn)                          Share” means a share of the Company’s Class A Common Stock, $0.0005 par value, as adjusted in accordance with Section 15 of the Plan.

 

(oo)                          Stock Appreciation Right” means an Award, granted alone or in connection with an Option, that pursuant to Section 9 is designated as a Stock Appreciation Right.

 

(pp)                          Subsidiary” means a “subsidiary corporation,” whether now or hereafter existing, as defined in Section 424(f) of the Code.

 

3.                                      Stock Subject to the Plan.

 

(a)                                 Stock Subject to the Plan.  Subject to the provisions of Section 15 of the Plan and the automatic increase set forth in Section 3(b) of the Plan, the maximum aggregate number of Shares that may be issued under the Plan is (i) 8,750,000 Shares, plus (ii) a number of Shares equal to the number of shares of Class B common stock that are subject to stock options, restricted stock units, or similar awards granted under the Company’s Amended and Restated 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Existing Plan”) that, on or after the Registration Date, expire or otherwise terminate without having been exercised in full, are tendered to or withheld by the Company for payment of an exercise price or for tax withholding obligations, or are forfeited to or repurchased by the Company due to failure to vest (provided that, for the avoidance of doubt, any such shares from the Existing Plan shall be issuable hereunder as shares of Class A Common Stock), with the maximum number of Shares to

 

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be added to the Plan pursuant to clause (ii) equal to 32,134,965 Shares.  The Shares may be authorized, but unissued, or reacquired Common Stock.

 

(b)                                 Automatic Share Reserve Increase.  Subject to the provisions of Section 15 of the Plan, the number of Shares available for issuance under the Plan will be increased on the first day of each Fiscal Year beginning with the 2020 Fiscal Year, in an amount equal to the least of (i) two percent (2%) of the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B common stock on the last day of the immediately preceding Fiscal Year or (ii) such number of Shares determined by the Board.

 

(c)                                  Lapsed Awards.  For purposes of determining the number of Shares available for issuance under the Plan:

 

(i)                                    If any Award (A) expires or is terminated, surrendered or cancelled or otherwise becomes unexercisable without having been exercised in full, is forfeited in whole or in part (including as the result of Shares subject to such Award being repurchased by the Company at or below the original issuance price pursuant to a contractual repurchase right) or is surrendered pursuant to an Exchange Program or (B) with respect to Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, Performance Units or Performance Shares, is forfeited to or repurchased by the Company due to failure to vest, then the unpurchased Shares (or, for Awards other than Options or Stock Appreciation Rights, the forfeited, unused or repurchased Shares), which were subject thereto will become available for future grant or sale under the Plan (unless the Plan has terminated); provided, however, that in the case of the exercise of a Stock Appreciation Right, the number of Shares counted against the Shares available for issuance under the Plan shall be the full number of Shares subject to the Stock Appreciation Right multiplied by the percentage of the Stock Appreciation Right actually exercised, regardless of the number of Shares actually used to settle such Stock Appreciation Right upon exercise.

 

(ii)                                Shares that have actually been issued under the Plan under any Award will not be returned to the Plan and will not become available for future distribution under the Plan; provided, however, that if Shares issued pursuant to Awards of Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, Performance Shares or Performance Units are repurchased by the Company or are forfeited to the Company, such Shares will become available for future grant under the Plan.

 

(iii)                            Shares used to pay the exercise price of an Award or to satisfy the tax withholding obligations (including, without limitation, by actual delivery, attestation or net settlement) by a Participant related to an Award will become available for future grant or sale under the Plan.

 

(iv)                             To the extent an Award under the Plan is settled or paid out in cash rather than Shares, such cash payment will not result in reducing the number of Shares available for issuance under the Plan.

 

(v)                                 Shares repurchased by the Company on the open market using the proceeds from the exercise of an Award shall not increase the number of Shares available for issuance under the Plan.

 

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(vi)                             Notwithstanding the foregoing and, subject to adjustment as provided in Section 15, the maximum number of Shares that may be issued upon the exercise of Incentive Stock Options will equal the aggregate Share number stated in Section 3(a), plus, to the extent allowable under Section 422 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, any Shares that become available for issuance under the Plan pursuant to Sections  3(b) and  3(c).

 

(d)                                 Share Reserve.  The Company, during the term of this Plan, will at all times reserve and keep available such number of Shares as will be sufficient to satisfy the requirements of the Plan.

 

4.                                      Administration of the Plan.

 

(a)                                 Administration; Delegation.  The Plan shall be administered by the Committee. To the extent permitted by Applicable Law, the Committee may delegate to one or more officers of the Company some or all of its authority under the Plan, including the authority to grant Awards (except that such delegation shall not be applicable to any Award for a Person then covered by Section 16 of the Exchange Act), and the Committee may delegate to one or more committees of the Board (which may consist of one or more Directors) some or all of its authority under the Plan, including the authority to grant all types of Awards, in accordance with Applicable Law.

 

(b)                                 Powers of the Administrator.  Subject to the provisions of the Plan and Applicable Law, the Administrator (or its delegate) will have the authority, in its discretion:

 

(i)                                                       to determine the Fair Market Value;

 

(ii)                                                   to select the Service Providers to whom Awards may be granted hereunder;

 

(iii)                                               to determine the number of Shares to be covered by each Award granted hereunder;

 

(iv)                                                to approve forms of Award Agreements for use under the Plan;

 

(v)                                                    to determine the terms and conditions, not inconsistent with the terms of the Plan, of any Award granted hereunder.  Such terms and conditions include, but are not limited to, the exercise price, the time or times when Awards may be exercised (which may be based on performance criteria), any vesting acceleration or waiver of forfeiture restrictions, and any restriction or limitation regarding any Award or the Shares relating thereto, based in each case on such factors as the Administrator will determine;

 

(vi)                                                to institute and determine the terms and conditions of an Exchange Program;

 

(vii)                                            to construe and interpret the terms of the Plan and Awards granted pursuant to the Plan;

 

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(viii)                     to prescribe, amend and rescind rules and regulations relating to the Plan, including rules and regulations relating to sub-plans established for the purpose of satisfying applicable non-U.S. laws or for qualifying for favorable tax treatment under applicable non-U.S. laws;

 

(ix)                             to modify or amend each Award (subject to Section 21 of the Plan), including but not limited to the discretionary authority to extend the post-termination exercisability period of Awards and to extend the maximum term of an Option (subject to Section 6(b) of the Plan regarding Incentive Stock Options);

 

(x)                                 to allow Participants to satisfy tax withholding obligations in such manner as prescribed in Section 16 of the Plan;

 

(xi)                             to authorize any person to execute on behalf of the Company any instrument required to effect the grant of an Award previously granted by the Administrator;

 

(xii)                         to allow a Participant to defer the receipt of the payment of cash or the delivery of Shares that would otherwise be due to such Participant under an Award;

 

(xiii)                     to determine the timing and characterization or reason for a Participant’s termination of employment or service with the Company; and

 

(xiv)                      to make all other determinations deemed necessary or advisable for administering the Plan.

 

(c)                                  Effect of Administrator’s Decision.  The Administrator’s decisions, determinations and interpretations will be final and binding on all Participants and any other holders of Awards.

 

5.                                      Eligibility.  Nonstatutory Stock Options, Stock Appreciation Rights, Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, Performance Shares, Performance Units and Other Share-Based Awards may be granted to Service Providers.  Incentive Stock Options may be granted only to Employees.

 

6.                                      Stock Options.

 

(a)                                 Limitations.  Each Option will be designated in the Award Agreement as either an Incentive Stock Option or a Nonstatutory Stock Option.  However, notwithstanding such designation, to the extent that the aggregate fair market value of the shares with respect to which Incentive Stock Options are exercisable for the first time by the Participant during any calendar year (under all plans of the Company and any Parent or Subsidiary) exceeds one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000), such options will be treated as Nonstatutory Stock Options.  For purposes of this Section 6(a), Incentive Stock Options will be taken into account in the order in which they were granted.  The fair market value of the shares will be determined as of the time the option with respect to such shares is granted.

 

(b)                                 Term of Option.  The term of each Option will be stated in the Award Agreement.  In the case of an Incentive Stock Option, the term will be ten (10) years from the date of

 

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grant or such shorter term as may be provided in the Award Agreement.  Moreover, in the case of an Incentive Stock Option granted to a Participant who, at the time the Incentive Stock Option is granted, owns stock representing more than ten percent (10%) of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary, the term of the Incentive Stock Option will be five (5) years from the date of grant or such shorter term as may be provided in the Award Agreement.

 

(c)                                  Option Exercise Price and Consideration.

 

(i)                                    Exercise Price.  The per share exercise price for the Shares to be issued pursuant to exercise of an Option will be determined by the Administrator, subject to the following:

 

(1)                                 In the case of an Incentive Stock Option

 

(A)                               granted to an Employee who, at the time the Incentive Stock Option is granted, owns stock representing more than ten percent (10%) of the voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary, the per Share exercise price will be no less than one hundred ten percent (110%) of the Fair Market Value per Share on the date of grant;

 

(B)                               granted to any Employee other than an Employee described in paragraph (A) immediately above, the per Share exercise price will be no less than one hundred percent (100%) of the Fair Market Value per Share on the date of grant.

 

(2)                                 In the case of a Nonstatutory Stock Option, the per Share exercise price will be no less than one hundred percent (100%) of the Fair Market Value per Share on the date of grant.

 

(3)                                 Notwithstanding the foregoing, Options may be granted with a per Share exercise price of less than one hundred percent (100%) of the Fair Market Value per Share on the date of grant pursuant to a transaction described in, and in a manner consistent with, Section 424(a) of the Code.

 

(ii)                                Waiting Period and Exercise Dates.  At the time an Option is granted, the Administrator will fix the period within which the Option may be exercised and will determine any conditions that must be satisfied before the Option may be exercised.

 

(iii)                            Form of Consideration.  The Administrator will determine the acceptable form of consideration for exercising an Option, including the method of payment.  In the case of an Incentive Stock Option, the Administrator will determine the acceptable form of consideration at the time of grant.  Such consideration may consist entirely of: (1) cash; (2) check; (3) promissory note, to the extent permitted by Applicable Laws; (4) other Shares, provided that such Shares have a Fair Market Value on the date of surrender equal to the aggregate exercise price of the Shares as to which such Option will be exercised and provided that accepting such Shares will not result in any adverse accounting consequences to the Company, as the Administrator determines in its sole discretion; (5) consideration received by the Company under a broker-assisted (or other) cashless exercise program (whether through a broker or otherwise) implemented by the Company in connection

 

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with the Plan; (6) by net exercise; (7) such other consideration and method of payment for the issuance of Shares to the extent permitted by Applicable Laws; or (8) any combination of the foregoing methods of payment.

 

(d)                                 Exercise of Option.

 

(i)                                    Procedure for Exercise; Rights as a Stockholder.  Any Option granted hereunder will be exercisable according to the terms of the Plan and at such times and under such conditions as determined by the Administrator and set forth in the Award Agreement.

 

An Option will be deemed exercised when the Company receives: (i) a notice of exercise (in such form as the Administrator may specify from time to time) from the person entitled to exercise the Option, and (ii) full payment for the Shares with respect to which the Option is exercised (together with applicable withholding taxes).  Full payment may consist of any consideration and method of payment authorized by the Administrator and permitted by the Award Agreement and the Plan.  Shares issued upon exercise of an Option will be issued in the name of the Participant or, if requested by the Participant, in the name of the Participant and his or her spouse.  Until the Shares are issued (as evidenced by the appropriate entry on the books of the Company or of a duly authorized transfer agent of the Company), no right to vote or receive dividends or any other rights as a stockholder will exist with respect to the Shares subject to an Option, notwithstanding the exercise of the Option.  The Company will issue (or cause to be issued) such Shares promptly after the Option is exercised.  No adjustment will be made for a dividend or other right for which the record date is prior to the date the Shares are issued, except as provided in Section 15 of the Plan.

 

(ii)                                Termination of Relationship as a Service Provider.  If a Participant ceases to be a Service Provider, other than upon the Participant’s termination as the result of the Participant’s death or Disability, the Participant may exercise his or her Option within such period of time as is specified in the Award Agreement to the extent that the Option is vested on the date of termination (but in no event later than the expiration of the term of such Option as set forth in the Award Agreement).  In the absence of a specified time in the Award Agreement, the Option will remain exercisable for three (3) months following the Participant’s termination.  Unless otherwise provided by the Administrator, if on the date of termination the Participant is not vested as to his or her entire Option, the Shares covered by the unvested portion of the Option will be forfeited and cancelled.  If after termination the Participant does not exercise his or her Option within the time specified by the Administrator, the Option will terminate.

 

(iii)                            Disability of Participant.  If a Participant ceases to be a Service Provider as a result of the Participant’s Disability, the Participant may exercise his or her Option within such period of time as is specified in the Award Agreement to the extent the Option is vested on the date of termination (but in no event later than the expiration of the term of such Option as set forth in the Award Agreement).  In the absence of a specified time in the Award Agreement, the Option will remain exercisable for twelve (12) months following the Participant’s termination.  Unless otherwise provided by the Administrator, if on the date of termination the Participant is not vested as to his or her entire Option, the Shares covered by the unvested portion of the Option will be forfeited and

 

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cancelled.  If after termination the Participant does not exercise his or her Option within the time specified herein, the Option will terminate.

 

(iv)                             Death of Participant.  If a Participant dies while a Service Provider, the Option may be exercised following the Participant’s death within such period of time as is specified in the Award Agreement to the extent that the Option is vested on the date of death (but in no event may the option be exercised later than the expiration of the term of such Option as set forth in the Award Agreement), by the Participant’s designated beneficiary, provided such beneficiary has been designated prior to Participant’s death in a form acceptable to the Administrator.  If no such beneficiary has been designated by the Participant, then such Option may be exercised by the personal representative of the Participant’s estate or by the person(s) to whom the Option is transferred pursuant to the Participant’s will or in accordance with the laws of descent and distribution.  In the absence of a specified time in the Award Agreement, the Option will remain exercisable for twelve (12) months following Participant’s death.  Unless otherwise provided by the Administrator, if at the time of death Participant is not vested as to his or her entire Option, the Shares covered by the unvested portion of the Option will be forfeited and cancelled.  If the Option is not so exercised within the time specified herein, the Option will terminate.

 

7.                                      Restricted Stock.

 

(a)                                 Grant of Restricted Stock.  Subject to the terms and provisions of the Plan, the Administrator, at any time and from time to time, may grant Shares of Restricted Stock to Service Providers in such amounts as the Administrator, in its sole discretion, will determine.

 

(b)                                 Restricted Stock Agreement.  Each Award of Restricted Stock will be evidenced by an Award Agreement that will specify the Period of Restriction, the number of Shares granted, and such other terms and conditions as the Administrator, in its sole discretion, will determine.  Unless the Administrator determines otherwise, the Company as escrow agent will hold Shares of Restricted Stock until the restrictions on such Shares have lapsed.

 

(c)                                  Transferability.  Except as provided in this Section 7 or the Award Agreement, Shares of Restricted Stock may not be sold, transferred, pledged, assigned, or otherwise alienated or hypothecated until the end of the applicable Period of Restriction.

 

(d)                                 Other Restrictions.  The Administrator, in its sole discretion, may impose such other restrictions on Shares of Restricted Stock as it may deem advisable or appropriate.

 

(e)                                  Removal of Restrictions.  Except as otherwise provided in this Section 7, Shares of Restricted Stock covered by each Restricted Stock grant made under the Plan will be released from escrow as soon as practicable after the last day of the Period of Restriction or at such other time as the Administrator may determine.  The Administrator, in its discretion, may accelerate the time at which any restrictions will lapse or be removed.

 

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(f)                                   Voting Rights.  During the Period of Restriction, Service Providers holding Shares of Restricted Stock granted hereunder may exercise full voting rights with respect to those Shares, unless the Administrator determines otherwise.

 

(g)                                  Dividends and Other Distributions.  During the Period of Restriction, Service Providers holding Shares of Restricted Stock will be entitled to receive all dividends and other distributions paid with respect to such Shares, unless the Administrator provides otherwise.  If any such dividends or distributions are paid in Shares, the Shares will be subject to the same restrictions on transferability and forfeitability as the Shares of Restricted Stock with respect to which they were paid.

 

(h)                                 Return of Restricted Stock to Company.  On the date set forth in the Award Agreement, the Restricted Stock for which restrictions have not lapsed will revert to the Company and again will become available for grant under the Plan.

 

8.                                      Restricted Stock Units.

 

(a)                                 Grant.  Restricted Stock Units may be granted at any time and from time to time as determined by the Administrator.  After the Administrator determines that it will grant Restricted Stock Units under the Plan, it will advise the Participant in an Award Agreement of the terms, conditions, and restrictions related to the grant, including the number of Restricted Stock Units.

 

(b)                                 Vesting Criteria and Other Terms.  The Administrator will set vesting criteria in its discretion, which, depending on the extent to which the criteria are met, will determine the number of Restricted Stock Units that will be paid out to the Participant.  The Administrator may set vesting criteria based upon continued employment or service and/or the achievement of Company-wide, divisional, business unit, or individual goals or any other basis determined by the Administrator in its discretion.

 

(c)                                  Earning Restricted Stock Units.  Upon meeting the applicable vesting criteria, the Participant will be entitled to receive a payment in respect of the underlying Shares as determined by the Administrator.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, at any time after the grant of Restricted Stock Units, the Administrator, in its sole discretion, may reduce or waive any vesting criteria that must be met to receive a payout.

 

(d)                                 Form and Timing of Payment.  Payment of earned Restricted Stock Units will be made at such times as determined by the Administrator and set forth in the Award Agreement.  The Administrator, in its sole discretion, may only settle earned Restricted Stock Units in cash, Shares, or a combination of both.

 

(e)                                  Cancellation.  On the date set forth in the Award Agreement, all unearned Restricted Stock Units will be forfeited and cancelled.

 

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9.                                      Stock Appreciation Rights.

 

(a)                                 Grant of Stock Appreciation Rights.  Subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan, a Stock Appreciation Right may be granted to Service Providers at any time and from time to time as will be determined by the Administrator, in its sole discretion.

 

(b)                                 Number of Shares.  The Administrator will have complete discretion to determine the number of Stock Appreciation Rights granted to any Service Provider.

 

(c)                                  Exercise Price and Other Terms.  The per share exercise price for the Shares to be issued pursuant to exercise of a Stock Appreciation Right will be determined by the Administrator and will be no less than one hundred percent (100%) of the Fair Market Value per Share on the date of grant.  Otherwise, the Administrator, subject to the provisions of the Plan, will have complete discretion to determine the terms and conditions of Stock Appreciation Rights granted under the Plan.

 

(d)                                 Stock Appreciation Right Agreement.  Each Stock Appreciation Right grant will be evidenced by an Award Agreement that will specify the exercise price, the term of the Stock Appreciation Right, the conditions of exercise, and such other terms and conditions as the Administrator, in its sole discretion, will determine.

 

(e)                                  Expiration of Stock Appreciation Rights.  A Stock Appreciation Right granted under the Plan will expire ten (10) years from the date of grant or such shorter term as may be provided in the Award Agreement, as determined by the Administrator, in its sole discretion.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, the rules of Section 6(d) relating to exercise also will apply to Stock Appreciation Rights.

 

(f)                                   Payment of Stock Appreciation Right Amount.  Upon exercise of a Stock Appreciation Right, a Participant will be entitled to receive payment from the Company in an amount determined by multiplying:

 

(i)                                    The difference between the Fair Market Value of a Share on the date of exercise over the exercise price; times

 

(ii)                                The number of Shares with respect to which the Stock Appreciation Right is exercised.

 

At the discretion of the Administrator, the payment upon Stock Appreciation Right exercise may be in cash, in Shares of equivalent value, or in some combination thereof.

 

10.                               Performance Units and Performance Shares.

 

(a)                                 Grant of Performance Units/Shares.  Performance Units and Performance Shares may be granted to Service Providers at any time and from time to time, as will be determined

 

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by the Administrator, in its sole discretion.  The Administrator will have complete discretion in determining the number of Performance Units and Performance Shares granted to each Participant.

 

(b)                                 Value of Performance Units/Shares.  Each Performance Unit will have an initial value that is established by the Administrator on or before the date of grant.  Each Performance Share will have an initial value equal to the Fair Market Value of a Share on the date of grant.

 

(c)                                  Performance Objectives and Other Terms.  The Administrator will set performance objectives or other vesting provisions (including, without limitation, continued employment or service as a Service Provider) in its discretion which, depending on the extent to which they are met, will determine the number or value of Performance Units/Shares that will be paid out to the Service Providers.  The time period during which the performance objectives or other vesting provisions must be met will be called the “Performance Period.”  Each Award of Performance Units/Shares will be evidenced by an Award Agreement that will specify the Performance Period, and such other terms and conditions as the Administrator, in its sole discretion, will determine.  The Administrator may set performance objectives based upon the achievement of Company-wide, divisional, business unit or individual goals or any other basis determined by the Administrator in its discretion, including, but not limited to the following: (i) attainment of research and development milestones; (ii) bookings; (iii) business divestitures and acquisitions; (iv) cash flow; (v) cash position; (vi) contract awards or backlog; (vii) customer renewals; (viii) customer retention rates from an acquired company, subsidiary, business unit or division; (ix) earnings (which may include earnings before interest and taxes, earnings before taxes, and net taxes); (x) earnings per share; (xi) expenses; (xii) gross margin; (xiii) growth in stockholder value relative to the moving average of the S&P 500 Index or another index; (xiv) internal rate of return; (xv) market share; (xvi) net income; (xvii) net profit; (xviii) net sales; (xix) new product development; (xx) new product invention or innovation; (xxi) number of customers; (xxii) operating cash flow; (xxiii) operating expenses; (xxiv) operating income; (xxv) operating margin; (xxvi) overhead or other expense reduction or efficiency measures; (xxvii) product defect measures; (xxviii) product release timelines; (xxix) productivity; (xxx) profit; (xxxi) retained earnings; (xxxii) return on assets; (xxxiii) return on capital; (xxxiv) return on equity; (xxxv) return on investment; (xxxvi) return on sales; (xxxvii) revenue; (xxxviii) revenue growth; (xxxix) sales results; (xxxx) sales growth; (xxxxi) stock price; (xxxxii) time to market; (xxxxiii) total stockholder return; (xxxxiv) working capital; (xxxxv) individual objectives such as peer reviews or other subjective or objective criteria; (xxxxvi) balance sheet/risk management measures (which may include year-end cash, satisfactory internal or external audits, financial ratings, shareholders’ equity, assets, tangible equity, charge-offs, non-performing assets and liquidity); (xxxxvii) strategic measures; and (xxxxviii) other measures. Performance criteria may be measured on an absolute (e.g., plan or budget) or relative basis, may be based on a ratio or separate calculation of any performance criteria and may be made relative to an index, one or more of the performance goals themselves, a previous period’s results or to a designated comparison group.  Relative performance may be measured against a group of peer companies, a financial market index or other acceptable objective and quantifiable indices.  If the Administrator determines that a change in the business, operations, corporate structure or capital structure of the Company, or the manner in which the Company conducts its business, or other events or circumstances render the performance objectives unsuitable, the Administrator may

 

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modify the performance objectives or the related level of achievement, in whole or in part, as the Administrator deems appropriate and equitable.

 

(d)                                 Earning of Performance Units/Shares.  After the applicable Performance Period has ended, the holder of Performance Units/Shares will be entitled to receive a payment in respect of units/Shares underlying the Performance Units/Shares earned by the Participant over the Performance Period, to be determined as a function of the extent to which the corresponding performance objectives or other vesting provisions have been achieved.  After the grant of a Performance Unit/Share, the Administrator, in its sole discretion, may reduce or waive any performance objectives or other vesting provisions for such Performance Unit/Share.

 

(e)                                  Form and Timing of Payment of Performance Units/Shares.  Payment of earned Performance Units/Shares will be made at such times as determined by the Administrator and set forth in the Award Agreement.  The Administrator, in its sole discretion, may pay earned Performance Units/Shares in the form of cash, in Shares (which have an aggregate Fair Market Value equal to the value of the earned Performance Units/Shares at the close of the applicable Performance Period) or in a combination thereof.

 

(f)                                   Cancellation of Performance Units/Shares.  On the date set forth in the Award Agreement, all unearned or unvested Performance Units/Shares will be forfeited and cancelled.

 

11.                               Other Share-Based Awards. The Administrator is authorized, subject to limitations under Applicable Law, to grant Other Share-Based Awards. The Administrator shall determine the terms and conditions of such Awards. Shares delivered pursuant to an Award in the nature of a purchase right granted under this Section 11 shall be purchased for such consideration, and paid for at such times, by such methods and in such forms, including cash, Shares, other Awards, other property, net settlement, broker-assisted cashless exercise or any combination thereof, as the Administrator shall determine; provided that the purchase price therefor shall not be less than the Fair Market Value of such Shares on the date of grant of such right.

 

12.                               Outside Director Limitations. No Outside Director may be paid, issued or granted, in any Fiscal Year, cash compensation and equity awards (including any Awards issued under this Plan) with an aggregate value greater than $700,000 (with the value of each equity award based on its grant date fair value (determined in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles)); provided, however, that for a new Outside Director, such aggregate value may exceed $700,000 but shall be no greater than $1,400,000 in the first Fiscal Year that such Outside Director joins the Board.  Any cash compensation paid or Awards granted to an individual for his or her services as an Employee, or for his or her services as a Consultant (other than as an Outside Director), will not count for purposes of the limitation under this Section 12.

 

13.                               Leaves of Absence/Transfer Between Locations.  Unless the Administrator provides otherwise, vesting of Awards granted hereunder will be suspended during any unpaid leave of absence.  A Participant will not cease to be an Employee in the case of (i) any leave of absence approved by the Company or (ii) transfers between locations of the Company or between the Company, its Parent, or any Subsidiary.  For purposes of Incentive Stock Options, no such leave may exceed three (3) months,

 

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unless reemployment upon expiration of such leave is guaranteed by statute or contract.  If reemployment upon expiration of a leave of absence approved by the Company is not so guaranteed, then six (6) months following the first (1st) day of such leave any Incentive Stock Option held by the Participant will cease to be treated as an Incentive Stock Option and will be treated for tax purposes as a Nonstatutory Stock Option.

 

14.                               Transferability of Awards.  Unless determined otherwise by the Administrator, an Award may not be sold, pledged, assigned, hypothecated, transferred, or disposed of in any manner other than by will, by the laws of descent or distribution or to a trust or estate planning vehicle (provided that such trust or estate planning vehicle is approved by the Administrator), and may be exercised, during the lifetime of the Participant, only by the Participant.  If the Administrator makes an Award transferable, such Award will contain such additional terms and conditions as the Administrator deems appropriate.

 

15.                               Adjustments; Dissolution or Liquidation; Merger or Change in Control.

 

(a)                                 Adjustments.  In the event that any dividend or other distribution (whether in the form of cash, Shares, other securities, or other property), recapitalization, stock split, reverse stock split, reorganization, merger, consolidation, split-up, spin-off, combination, separation, rights offering, repurchase, or exchange of Shares or other securities of the Company, issuance of warrants or other rights to purchase Shares or other securities of the Company, issuance of Shares pursuant to the anti-dilution provisions of securities of the Company, or other change in the corporate structure of the Company affecting the Shares occurs, or in the event that there are changes in Applicable Laws, regulations or accounting principles, the Administrator, in order to prevent diminution or enlargement of the benefits or potential benefits intended to be made available under the Plan, will, subject to compliance with Section 409A of the Code and other Applicable Law, adjust the number and class of Shares that may be delivered under the Plan and/or the number, class, and price of Shares covered by each outstanding Award, the terms and conditions of any outstanding Award and the numerical Share limits in Section 3 of the Plan.

 

(b)                                 Dissolution or Liquidation.  In the event of the proposed dissolution or liquidation of the Company, the Administrator will notify each Participant as soon as practicable prior to the effective date of such proposed transaction.  To the extent it has not been previously exercised, an Award will terminate immediately prior to the consummation of such proposed action.

 

(c)                                  Change in Control.  In the event of a merger of the Company with or into another corporation or other entity or a Change in Control, each outstanding Award will be treated as the Administrator determines subject to the restriction in the following paragraph, including, without limitation, that each Award be assumed or an equivalent option or right substituted by the successor corporation or a Parent or Subsidiary of the successor corporation.  The Administrator will not be required to treat all Awards or Participants similarly in the transaction.

 

In the event that the successor corporation does not assume or substitute for the Award, the Participant will fully vest in and have the right to exercise all of his or her outstanding Options and Stock Appreciation Rights, including Shares as to which such Awards would not otherwise be vested

 

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or exercisable, all restrictions on Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units will lapse, and, with respect to Awards with performance-based vesting, unless specifically provided otherwise under the applicable Award Agreement, a Company policy applicable to the Participant, or other written agreement between the Participant and the Company, all performance goals or other vesting criteria will be deemed achieved at one hundred percent (100%) of target levels and all other terms and conditions met.  In addition, if an Option or Stock Appreciation Right is not assumed or substituted in the event of a Change in Control, the Administrator will notify the Participant in writing or electronically that the Option or Stock Appreciation Right will be exercisable for a period of time determined by the Administrator in its sole discretion, and the Option or Stock Appreciation Right will terminate upon the expiration of such period.

 

For the purposes of this subsection (c), an Award will be considered assumed if, following the Change in Control, the Award confers the right to purchase or receive, for each Share subject to the Award immediately prior to the Change in Control, the consideration (whether stock, cash, or other securities or property) received in the Change in Control by holders of Common Stock for each Share held on the effective date of the transaction (and if holders were offered a choice of consideration, the type of consideration chosen by the holders of a majority of the outstanding Shares); provided, however, that if such consideration received in the Change in Control is not solely common stock of the successor corporation or its Parent, the Administrator may, with the consent of the successor corporation, provide for the consideration to be received upon the exercise of an Option or Stock Appreciation Right or upon the payout of a Restricted Stock Unit, Performance Unit or Performance Share, for each Share subject to such Award, to be solely common stock of the successor corporation or its Parent equal in fair market value to the per share consideration received by holders of Common Stock in the Change in Control.

 

Notwithstanding anything in this Section 15(c) to the contrary, an Award that vests, is earned or paid-out upon the satisfaction of one or more performance goals will not be considered assumed if the Company or its successor modifies any of such performance goals without the Participant’s consent; provided, however, a modification to such performance goals only to reflect the successor corporation’s post-Change in Control corporate structure will not be deemed to invalidate an otherwise valid Award assumption.

 

(d)                                 Outside Director Awards.  With respect to Awards granted to an Outside Director, in the event of a Change in Control, then the Outside Director will fully vest in and have the right to exercise Options and/or Stock Appreciation Rights as to all of the Shares underlying such Award, including those Shares which would not otherwise be vested or exercisable, all restrictions on Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units will lapse, and, with respect to Awards with performance-based vesting, unless specifically provided otherwise under the applicable Award Agreement, a Company policy applicable to the Outside Director, or other written agreement between the Outside Director and the Company, all performance goals or other vesting criteria will be deemed achieved at one hundred percent (100%) of target levels and all other terms and conditions met.

 

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16.                               Tax.

 

(a)                                 Withholding Requirements.  Prior to the delivery of any Shares or cash pursuant to an Award (or exercise thereof) or such earlier time as any tax withholding obligations are due, the Company will have the power and the right to deduct or withhold from any Award granted or any payment due or transfer made under any Award or under the Plan or from any compensation or other amount owing to the Participant, or require a Participant to remit to the Company, an amount sufficient to satisfy U.S. federal, state, or local taxes, non-U.S. taxes, or other taxes (including the Participant’s FICA obligation) required to be withheld with respect to such Award (or exercise thereof).

 

(b)                                 Withholding Arrangements.  The Administrator, in its sole discretion and pursuant to such procedures as it may specify from time to time, may permit a Participant to satisfy such tax withholding obligation, in whole or in part by (without limitation) (i) paying cash, (ii) electing to have the Company withhold otherwise deliverable cash or Shares having a fair market value not in excess of the maximum statutory amount required to be withheld (i.e., net settlement), or (iii) delivering to the Company already-owned Shares having a fair market value not in excess of the maximum statutory amount required to be withheld or (iv) any combination thereof.  The fair market value of the Shares to be withheld or delivered will be determined as of the date that the taxes are required to be withheld.

 

(c)                                  Compliance With Section 409A.  Awards will be designed and operated in such a manner that they are either exempt from the application of, or comply with, the requirements of Section 409A such that the grant, payment, settlement or deferral will not be subject to the additional tax or interest applicable under Section 409A, except as otherwise determined in the sole discretion of the Administrator.  The Plan and each Award Agreement under the Plan is intended to meet the requirements of Section 409A and will be construed and interpreted in accordance with such intent, except as otherwise determined in the sole discretion of the Administrator.  If any provision of the Plan or any term or condition of any Award would otherwise frustrate or conflict with this intent, the provision, term or condition shall be interpreted and deemed amended so as to avoid this conflict. To the extent that an Award or payment, or the settlement or deferral thereof, is subject to Section 409A, the Award will be granted, paid, settled or deferred in a manner that will meet the requirements of Section 409A, such that the grant, payment, settlement or deferral will not be subject to the additional tax or interest applicable under Section 409A. Notwithstanding anything in the Plan to the contrary, if the Board considers a Participant to be a “specified employee” under Section 409A of the Code at the time of such Participant’s “separation from service” (as defined in Section 409A of the Code), and any amount hereunder is “deferred compensation” subject to Section 409A of the Code, any distribution of such amount that otherwise would be made to such Participant with respect to an Award as a result of such “separation from service” shall not be made until the date that is six months after such “separation from service,” except to the extent that earlier distribution would not result in such Participant’s incurring interest or additional tax under Section 409A of the Code.  If an Award includes a “series of installment payments” (within the meaning of Section 1.409A-2(b)(2)(iii) of the Treasury Regulations), the Participant’s right to such series of installment payments shall be treated as a right to a series of separate payments and not as a right to a single payment, and if an Award includes “dividend equivalents” (within the meaning of Section 1.409A-3(e) of the Treasury Regulations), the Participant’s right to such dividend equivalents shall be treated separately from the right to other

 

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amounts under the Award.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, the tax treatment of the benefits provided under the Plan or any Award Agreement is not warranted or guaranteed, and in no event shall the Company (or any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company, as applicable) be liable for or reimburse a Participant for all or any portion of any taxes, penalties, interest or other expenses that may be incurred by any Participant on account of non-compliance with Section 409A of the Code.

 

17.                               No Effect on Employment or Service.  Neither the Plan nor any Award (nor any vesting schedule contained therein) will confer upon a Participant any right with respect to continuing the Participant’s relationship as a Service Provider, nor will they interfere in any way with the Participant’s right or the right of the Company (or any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company) to terminate such relationship at any time, with or without Cause, to the extent permitted by Applicable Laws.

 

18.                               No Uniformity of Treatment. No Service Provider, Participant, or other Person shall have any claim to be granted any Award under the Plan, and there is no obligation for uniformity of treatment of Service Providers, Participants, holders or beneficiaries of Awards under the Plan.  The terms and conditions of Awards need not be the same with respect to each recipient.  Any Award granted under the Plan shall be a one-time Award that does not constitute a promise of or any contractual right to receive future grants, or benefits in lieu of grants, even if Awards have been granted in the past.  The Company, in its sole discretion, maintains the right to make available future grants under the Plan.

 

19.                               Date of Grant.  The date of grant of an Award will be, for all purposes, the date on which the Administrator makes the determination granting such Award, or such other later date as is determined by the Administrator.  Notice of the determination will be provided to each Participant within a reasonable time after the date of such grant.

 

20.                               Term of Plan.  Subject to Section 25 of the Plan, the Plan will become effective upon the later to occur of (i) its adoption by the Board or (ii) the business day immediately prior to the Registration Date.  It will continue in effect for a term of ten (10) years from the date adopted by the Board, unless terminated earlier under Section 21 of the Plan.

 

21.                               Amendment and Termination of the Plan.

 

(a)                                 Amendment and Termination.  The Board may at any time amend, alter, suspend or terminate the Plan and the Administrator may at any time waive any conditions or rights under, amend any terms of, or amend, alter, suspend or terminate any Award granted thereunder, prospectively or retroactively, without the consent of any relevant Participant or beneficiary of an Award, subject to Section 21(c).

 

(b)                                 Stockholder Approval.  The Company will obtain stockholder approval of any Plan amendment to the extent necessary and desirable to comply with Applicable Laws.

 

(c)                                  Effect of Amendment or Termination.  No amendment, alteration, suspension or termination of the Plan or any Award will materially adversely impair the rights of any Participant or beneficiary under any Award theretofore granted under the Plan, unless mutually agreed otherwise

 

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between the Participant and the Administrator, which agreement must be in writing and signed by the Participant and the Company except (x) to the extent any such action is made to cause the Plan to comply with Applicable Law, stock market or exchange rules and regulations or accounting or tax rules and regulations, or (y) to impose any “clawback” or recoupment provisions on any Awards (including any amounts or benefits arising from such Awards) in accordance with Section 24.  The Administrator shall be authorized to make adjustments in the terms and conditions of, and the criteria included in, Awards in recognition of events (including the events described in Section 15) affecting the Company, or the financial statements of the Company, or of changes in Applicable Laws, regulations or accounting principles, whenever the Committee determines that such adjustments are appropriate in order to prevent dilution or enlargement of the benefits or potential benefits intended to be made available under the Plan.  Termination of the Plan will not affect the Administrator’s ability to exercise the powers granted to it hereunder with respect to Awards granted under the Plan prior to the date of such termination.

 

22.                               Conditions Upon Issuance of Shares.

 

(a)                                 Legal Compliance.  Shares will not be issued pursuant to an Award unless the exercise of such Award and the issuance and delivery of such Shares will comply with Applicable Laws and will be further subject to the approval of counsel for the Company with respect to such compliance.

 

(b)                                 Investment Representations.  As a condition to the exercise of an Award, the Company may require the person exercising such Award to represent and warrant at the time of any such exercise that the Shares are being purchased only for investment and without any present intention to sell or distribute such Shares if, in the opinion of counsel for the Company, such a representation is required.

 

23.                               Inability to Obtain Authority.  The inability of the Company to obtain authority from any regulatory body having jurisdiction or to complete or comply with the requirements of any registration or other qualification of the Shares under any U.S. federal or state law, any non-U.S. law, or the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, the stock exchange on which Shares of the same class are then listed, or any other governmental or regulatory body, which authority, registration, qualification or rule compliance is deemed by the Company’s counsel to be necessary or advisable for the issuance and sale of any Shares hereunder, will relieve the Company of any liability in respect of the failure to issue or sell such Shares as to which such requisite authority, registration, qualification or rule compliance will not have been obtained.

 

24.                               Forfeiture Events.

 

(a)                                 All Awards granted under the Plan will be subject to recoupment under any clawback policy that the Company has in place from time to time, including any policy that the Company is required to adopt pursuant to the listing standards of any national securities exchange or association on which the Company’s securities are listed or as is otherwise required by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act or other Applicable Laws. The Administrator may, to the extent permitted by Applicable Laws and stock exchange rules or by any applicable policy

 

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or arrangement, and shall, to the extent required, cancel or require reimbursement of any Awards granted to a Participant or any Shares issued or cash received upon vesting, exercise or settlement of any such Awards or sale of Shares underlying such Awards. In addition, the Administrator may impose such other clawback, recovery or recoupment provisions in an Award Agreement as the Administrator determines necessary or appropriate, including but not limited to a reacquisition right regarding previously acquired Shares or other cash or property. Unless this Section 24 is specifically mentioned and waived in an Award Agreement or other document, no recovery of compensation under a clawback policy or otherwise will be an event that triggers or contributes to any right of a Participant to resign for “good reason” or “constructive termination” (or similar term) under any agreement with the Company or any Subsidiary.

 

(b)                                 The Administrator may specify in an Award Agreement that the Participant’s rights, payments, and benefits with respect to an Award will be subject to reduction, cancellation, forfeiture, or recoupment upon the occurrence of specified events, in addition to any otherwise applicable vesting or performance conditions of an Award. Such events may include, but will not be limited to, termination of such Participant’s status as a Service Provider for cause or any specified action or inaction by a Participant, whether before or after the date Participant is no longer a Service Provider, that would constitute cause for termination of such Participant’s status as a Service Provider.

 

(c)                                  If the Company is required to prepare an accounting restatement due to the material noncompliance of the Company, as a result of misconduct, with any financial reporting requirement under securities laws, any Participant who (1) knowingly or through gross negligence engaged in the misconduct or who knowingly or through gross negligence failed to prevent the misconduct or (2) is one of the individuals subject to automatic forfeiture under Section 304 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, must reimburse the Company the amount of any payment in settlement of an Award earned or accrued during the 12-month period following the first public issuance or filing with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (whichever first occurred) of the financial document embodying such financial reporting requirement.

 

25.                               Stockholder Approval.  The Plan will be subject to approval by the stockholders of the Company within twelve (12) months after the date the Plan is adopted by the Board.  Such stockholder approval will be obtained in the manner and to the degree required under Applicable Laws.

 

26.                               Miscellaneous.

 

(a)                                 Nothing contained in the Plan shall prevent the Company from adopting or continuing in effect other or additional compensation arrangements, and such arrangements may be either generally applicable or applicable only in specific cases.

 

(b)                                 If any provision of the Plan or any Award Agreement is or becomes or is deemed to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, or as to any Person or Award, or would disqualify the Plan or any Award under any law deemed applicable by the Administrator, such provision shall be construed or deemed amended to conform to Applicable Laws, or if it cannot be so construed or deemed amended without, in the determination of the Administrator, materially altering the intent of the Plan or the Award Agreement, such provision shall be stricken as to such jurisdiction,

 

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Person or Award, and the remainder of the Plan and any such Award Agreement shall remain in full force and effect.

 

(c)                                  Neither the Plan nor any Award shall create or be construed to create a trust or separate fund of any kind or a fiduciary relationship between the Company and a Participant or any other Person.  To the extent that any Person acquires a right to receive payments from the Company pursuant to an Award, such right shall be no greater than the right of any unsecured general creditor of the Company.

 

(d)                                 No fractional Shares shall be issued or delivered pursuant to the Plan or any Award, and the Administrator shall determine whether cash or other securities shall be paid or transferred in lieu of any fractional Shares, or whether such fractional Shares or any rights thereto shall be canceled, terminated or otherwise eliminated.

 

(e)                                  Awards may be granted to Participants who are non-United States nationals or employed or providing services outside the United States, or both, on such terms and conditions different from those applicable to Awards to Participants who are employed or providing services in the United States as may, in the judgment of the Administrator, be necessary or desirable to recognize differences in local law, tax policy or custom.  The Administrator also may impose conditions on the exercise or vesting of Awards in order to minimize the Administrator’s obligation with respect to tax equalization for Participants on assignments outside their home country.

 

(f)                                   Language.  If the Participant receives an Award Agreement or any other document related to the Plan translated into a language other than English, and if the meaning of the translated version is different than the English version, the English version of such Award Agreement or such other document will control.

 

27.                               Successors and Assigns.  The terms of the Plan shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Company and any assignee or successor entity, including any successor entity contemplated by Section 15(c).

 

28.                               Data Protection.

 

(a)                                 Personal Data Processing. By participating in the Plan, the Participant understands and acknowledges that it is necessary for the Company, Parent and any of its Subsidiaries and affiliates to collect, use, disclose, hold, transfer and otherwise process certain personal information about the Participant, including, but not limited to, the Participant’s Data, or other personal information as described in an Award Agreement or any other grant materials or as otherwise provided to the Company or any Parent, Subsidiary or affiliate for the purpose of implementing, administering and managing the Plan.  Any such processing will be carried out in accordance with the Company’s legitimate interest in administering the Plan and only to the extent permitted by and in full compliance with any applicable data protection laws and regulations. A Participant’s failure or refusal to provide or update such Participant’s Data (or to agree to the terms and conditions of the Plan) may result in the Company being unable to administer the Plan in respect of such Participant. A Participant’s Data will be retained by the Company for as long as

 

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such Participant holds Awards and/or Shares in the Company, and thereafter, to the extent necessary to fulfill lawful purposes or as long as required by applicable law, which is generally seven (7) years. These purposes include:

 

(i)                                    administering and maintaining Participant records;

 

(ii)                                providing information to the Company or any Parent, Subsidiary or affiliate, trustees of any employee benefit trust, registrars, brokers or third-party administrators of the Plan;

 

(iii)                            providing information to future purchasers or merger partners of the Company or any affiliate, or the business in which the Participant works; and

 

(iv)                              transferring information about the Participant to any country or territory that may not provide the same protection for the information as the Participant’s home country.

 

(b)                                 Disclosure. The Company may transfer a Participant’s Data amongst its Parent, Subsidiaries or affiliates and service providers, acting as processors or joint data controllers, including any stock plan administrator (the Stock Plan Administrator”) that is an independent service provider based in the United States assisting the Company with the implementation, administration and management of the Plan.  The Stock Plan Administrator may open an account for a Participant to receive and trade Shares.  A Participant may be asked to acknowledge, or agree to, separate terms and data processing practices with the Stock Plan Administrator. In the future, the Company may select a different service provider or additional service providers and share Data with such other provider(s) serving the Company in a similar manner.

 

(c)                                  International Transfer. A Participant’s Data may be transferred from such Participant’s country to other jurisdictions, including the United States. The Participant understands and acknowledges that such jurisdictions might have enacted data privacy laws that are less protective or otherwise different from those applicable in the Participant’s country of residence. The Company shall take reasonable steps to ensure that the Participant’s Data is legally transferred and continues to be adequately protected and securely held. If the Participant’s Data is subject to the data protection laws of the European Economic Area, including the United Kingdom (the “EEA”), the Company shall rely upon an adequate mechanism for the international transfer and subsequent onward transfers of personal data. The Company is certified to the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield Program.

 

(d)                                 Data Subject Rights.  Subject to the nature of the data, the purpose and nature of the processing, and any lawful bases of the Company, the Participant understands that he or she may have a number of rights under data privacy laws in the Participant’s jurisdiction.  Subject to the conditions set out in the applicable law and depending on where the Participant is based, such rights may include the right to (i) request access to or copies of Data processed by the Company, (ii) rectification of incorrect Data, (iii) deletion of Data, (iv) restrictions on the processing of Data, (v)

 

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object to the processing of Data for legitimate interests, (vi) portability of Data, (vii) lodge complaints with competent authorities in the Participant’s jurisdiction, and/or (viii) receive a list with the names and addresses of any potential recipients of the Participant’s Data. To receive clarification regarding these rights or to exercise these rights, the Participant may contact the Company.

 

(e)                                  Data Controller and Data Protection Officer. The data controller is CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc., located 150 Mathilda Place, Suite 300, Sunnyvale, California 94086, United States of America, and the data privacy officer can be contacted at Vice President, Privacy, 150 Mathilda Place, Suite 300, Sunnyvale, California 94086, or at privacy@crowdstrike.com.

 

29.                               Electronic Delivery and Acceptance.  The Company may, in its sole discretion, decide to deliver any documents related to the Awards granted under the Plan or future Awards that may be granted under the Plan by electronic means or request the Participant’s consent to participate in the Plan by electronic means.  By participating in the Plan, the Participant consents to receive such documents by electronic delivery and agrees to participate in the Plan through any on-line or electronic system established and maintained by the Company or a third party designated by the Company.

 

30.                               Governing Law.  The Plan and each Award Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of Delaware, without application of the conflicts of law principles thereof.

 

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CROWDSTRIKE HOLDINGS, INC.

2019 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN

GLOBAL RESTRICTED STOCK UNIT AGREEMENT

 

Unless otherwise defined herein, the terms defined in the CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) will have the same defined meanings in this Global Restricted Stock Unit Agreement, which includes the Notice of Restricted Stock Unit Grant (the “Notice of Grant”), the Terms and Conditions of Restricted Stock Unit Grant, including the Country Addendum, attached hereto as Exhibit A and all other exhibits and appendices (all together, the “Award Agreement”).

 

NOTICE OF RESTRICTED STOCK UNIT GRANT

 

Participant:

 

Address:

 

CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) has granted Participant the right to receive an Award of Restricted Stock Units, subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan and this Award Agreement, as follows:

 

Grant Number:

 

 

 

Date of Grant:

 

 

 

Vesting Commencement Date:

 

 

 

Number of Restricted Stock Units:

 

 

 

Vesting Schedule:

 

 

Subject to any acceleration provisions contained in the Plan or set forth below, the Restricted Stock Units will vest in accordance with the following schedule:

 

[Twenty-five percent (25%) of the Restricted Stock Units will vest on the one (1) year anniversary of the Vesting Commencement Date, and one sixteenth (1/16th) of the Restricted Stock Units will vest quarterly thereafter on the same day of the month as the Vesting Commencement Date (and if there is no corresponding day, on the last day of the month), subject to Participant continuing to be a Service Provider through each such date.]

 

In the event Participant ceases to be a Service Provider for any or no reason before Participant vests in the Restricted Stock Units (or a portion thereof), the unvested Restricted Stock Units (or the unvested portion thereof) and Participant’s right to acquire any Shares hereunder will immediately terminate.

 

If Participant does not wish to accept this Award Agreement and the Restricted Stock Units granted hereunder, Participant must inform the Company in writing (by writing to [·])

 


 

within thirty (30) days after the Date of Grant, in which case the Company will cancel this Award and the Restricted Stock Units granted hereunder will be immediately forfeited and canceled in their entirety without any payment or consideration being due from the Company. If, during such period, Participant does not inform the Company in writing of his or her refusal to accept this Award of Restricted Stock Units, then Participant will be deemed to have accepted this Award of Restricted Stock Units and, by accepting, to:

 

·                  agree that this Award of Restricted Stock Units is granted under and governed by the terms and conditions of the Plan and this Award Agreement, including the Terms and Conditions of Restricted Stock Unit Grant, attached hereto as Exhibit A, all of which are made a part of this document;

 

·                  acknowledge receipt of a copy of the Plan;

 

·                  acknowledge that Participant has reviewed the Plan and this Award Agreement in their entirety, has had an opportunity to obtain the advice of counsel prior to executing this Award Agreement, and fully understands all provisions of the Plan and this Award Agreement;

 

·                  agree to accept as binding, conclusive, and final all decisions or interpretations of the Administrator upon any questions relating to the Plan and the Award Agreement; and

 

·                  agree to notify the Company upon any change in his or her residence address.

 

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EXHIBIT A

 

TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF RESTRICTED STOCK UNIT GRANT

 

1.                                      Grant of Restricted Stock Units.  The Company hereby grants to the individual (the “Participant”) named in the Notice of Restricted Stock Unit Grant of this Award Agreement (the “Notice of Grant”) under the Plan an Award of Restricted Stock Units, subject to all of the terms and conditions in this Award Agreement and the Plan, which is incorporated herein by reference.  Subject to Section 21(c) of the Plan, in the event of a conflict between the terms and conditions of the Plan and the terms and conditions of this Award Agreement, the terms and conditions of the Plan shall prevail.

 

2.                                      Company’s Obligation to Deliver and Settle.  Each Restricted Stock Unit represents the right to receive a Share on the date it vests.  Unless and until the Restricted Stock Units will have vested in the manner set forth in Section 3 or 4, Participant will have no right to settlement of any such Restricted Stock Units.  Prior to actual settlement of any vested Restricted Stock Units, such Restricted Stock Unit will represent an unsecured obligation of the Company, payable (if at all) only from the general assets of the Company.

 

3.                                      Vesting Schedule.  Except as provided in Section 4, and subject to Section 5, the Restricted Stock Units awarded by this Award Agreement will vest in accordance with the vesting schedule set forth in the Notice of Grant, subject to Participant continuing to be a Service Provider through each applicable vesting date.

 

4.                                      Settlement after Vesting.

 

(a)                                 General Rule.  Subject to Section 8, any Restricted Stock Units that vest will be settled to Participant (or in the event of Participant’s death, to his or her properly designated beneficiary or estate) in whole Shares.  Subject to the provisions of Section 4(b), such vested Restricted Stock Units shall be settled in whole Shares as soon as practicable after vesting, but in each such case within sixty (60) days following the vesting date.  In no event will Participant be permitted, directly or indirectly, to specify the taxable year of payment of any Restricted Stock Units payable under this Award Agreement.

 

(b)                                 Discretionary Acceleration.  The Administrator, in its discretion, may accelerate the vesting of the balance, or some lesser portion of the balance, of the unvested Restricted Stock Units at any time, subject to the terms of the Plan.  If so accelerated, such Restricted Stock Units will be considered as having vested as of the date specified by the Administrator.  If Participant is a U.S. taxpayer, the payment of Shares vesting pursuant to this Section 4(b) shall in all cases be paid at a time or in a manner that is exempt from, or complies with, Section 409A of the Code.  The prior sentence may be superseded in a future agreement or amendment to this Award Agreement only by direct and specific reference to such sentence.

 

5.                                      Forfeiture Upon Termination as a Service Provider.  Notwithstanding any contrary provision of this Award Agreement, if Participant ceases to be a Service Provider for any or no reason,

 


 

the then-unvested Restricted Stock Units awarded by this Award Agreement will thereupon be forfeited at no cost to the Company and Participant will have no further rights thereunder.

 

6.                                      Death of Participant.  Any distribution or delivery to be made to Participant under this Award Agreement will, if Participant is then deceased, be made to Participant’s designated beneficiary (to the extent such designation is permitted by the Company and the Company has determined it to be valid under applicable law), or if no beneficiary has been validly designated or no beneficiary survives Participant, the administrator or executor of Participant’s estate.  Any such transferee must furnish the Company with (a) written notice of his or her status as transferee, and (b) evidence satisfactory to the Company to establish the validity of the transfer and compliance with any laws or regulations pertaining to said transfer.

 

7.                                      Change in Control.  In the event of a Change in Control, the Administrator will have full discretion, subject to any applicable regulatory approvals, to take whatever actions it deems necessary or appropriate with respect to unvested Restricted Stock Units, in accordance with Section 15 of the Plan.

 

8.                                      Tax Obligations.

 

(a)                                 Responsibility for Taxes.  Participant acknowledges that, regardless of any action taken by the Company or, if different, Participant’s employer (the “Employer”) or Parent or Subsidiary to which Participant is providing services (together, the Company, Employer and/or Parent or Subsidiary to which Participant is providing services, the “Service Recipient”), the ultimate liability for any income tax, social insurance, payroll tax, fringe benefits tax, payment on account or other tax-related items related to Participant’s participation in the Plan and legally applicable to Participant (collectively, the “Tax Obligations”), is and remains Participant’s responsibility and may exceed the amount, if any, actually withheld by the Company or the Service Recipient.  Further, if Participant is subject to Tax Obligations in more than one jurisdiction, Participant acknowledges that the Company and/or the Service Recipient (or former employer, as applicable) may be required to withhold or account for Tax Obligations in more than one jurisdiction.  If Participant fails to make satisfactory arrangements for the payment of any required Tax Obligations hereunder at the time of the applicable taxable event, Participant acknowledges and agrees that the Company may refuse to issue or deliver the Shares or proceeds from the sale of Shares.

 

(b)                                 Tax Withholding and Default Sell-to-Cover Method of Tax Withholding.    Prior to any relevant taxable or tax withholding event, as applicable, Participant agrees to make adequate arrangements satisfactory to the Company and/or the Service Recipient to satisfy all Tax Obligations. Subject to Section 8(c), the Tax Obligations which the Company determines must be withheld with respect to this Award (“Tax Withholding Obligation”) will be satisfied with consideration received under a formal, broker-assisted cashless program adopted by the Company in connection with the Plan pursuant to this authorization (the “Sell-to-Cover Method”).  In addition to Shares sold to satisfy the Tax Withholding Obligation, additional Shares will be sold to satisfy any associated broker or other fees.  Only whole Shares will be sold through the Sell-to-Cover Method to satisfy any Tax Withholding Obligation and any associated broker or other fees.  Any proceeds from the sale of Shares in excess of the Tax Withholding Obligation and any associated broker or other fees generated through the Sell-to-Cover Method will be paid to Participant in accordance with procedures

 

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the Company may specify from time to time.  By accepting this Award, Participant expressly consents to the sale of Shares to cover the Tax Withholding Obligation (and any associated broker or other fees) through the Sell-to-Cover Method.

 

(c)                                  Administrator Discretion.  Notwithstanding the foregoing Sections 8(a) and 8(b), if the Administrator determines it is in the best interests of the Company for Participant to satisfy Participant’s Tax Withholding Obligation by a method other than through the default Sell-to-Cover Method described in Section 8(b), it may permit or require Participant to satisfy Participant’s Tax Withholding Obligation, in whole or in part (without limitation), if permissible by Applicable Laws, with (i) cash in U.S. dollars, (ii) check designated in U.S. dollars, (iii) withholding from Participant’s wages or other cash compensation paid to Participant by the Company and/or the Service Recipient, (iv) withholding in Shares otherwise issuable upon vesting of the Restricted Stock Units or (v) any other method approved in the sole discretion of the Administrator.

 

Depending on the withholding method, the Company and/or the Service Recipient may withhold or account for the Tax Withholding Obligation by considering minimum statutory withholding rates or other withholding rates, including maximum applicable rates in Participant’s jurisdiction, in which case Participant may receive a refund of any over-withheld amount in cash and will have no entitlement to the equivalent in Shares.  If the Tax Withholding Obligation is satisfied by withholding in Shares, for tax purposes, Participant will be deemed to have been issued the full number of Shares subject to the Restricted Stock Units, notwithstanding that a number of Shares are held back solely for the purpose of satisfying the Tax Withholding Obligation.

 

9.                                      Rights as Stockholder.  Neither Participant nor any person claiming under or through Participant will have any of the rights or privileges of a stockholder of the Company in respect of any Shares deliverable hereunder unless and until certificates representing such Shares (which may be in book entry form) will have been issued, recorded on the records of the Company or its transfer agents or registrars, and delivered to Participant (including through electronic delivery to a brokerage account).  After such issuance, recordation, and delivery, Participant will have all the rights of a stockholder of the Company with respect to voting such Shares and receipt of dividends and distributions on such Shares.

 

10.                               Grant Is Not Transferable.  Except to the limited extent provided in Section 6, Section 14 of the Plan will govern the transferability of the Restricted Stock Units.

 

11.                               Nature of Grant.  In accepting the grant, Participant acknowledges, understands and agrees that:

 

(a)                                 the grant of Restricted Stock Units is exceptional, voluntary and occasional and does not create any contractual right to receive future grants of Restricted Stock Units, or benefits in lieu of Restricted Stock Units, even if Restricted Stock Units have been granted in the past;

 

(b)                                 all decisions with respect to future grants of Awards, if any, will be at the sole discretion of the Company;

 

(c)                                  Participant is voluntarily participating in the Plan;

 

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(d)                                 the future value of the Shares underlying the Restricted Stock Units is unknown, indeterminable and cannot be predicted with certainty;

 

(e)                                  for purposes of the Restricted Stock Units, Participant’s status as a Service Provider will be considered terminated as of the date Participant is no longer actively providing services to the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary (regardless of the reason for such termination and whether or not later found to be invalid or in breach of employment laws in the jurisdiction where Participant is a Service Provider or the terms of Participant’s employment or service agreement, if any), and unless otherwise expressly provided in this Award Agreement (including by reference in the Notice of Grant to other arrangements or contracts) or determined by the Administrator, Participant’s right to vest in the Restricted Stock Units under the Plan, if any, will terminate as of such date and will not be extended by any notice period (e.g., Participant’s period of service would not include any contractual notice period or any period of “garden leave” or similar period mandated under employment laws in the jurisdiction where Participant is a Service Provider or the terms of Participant’s employment or service agreement, if any, unless Participant is providing bona fide services during such time); the Administrator shall have the exclusive discretion to determine when Participant is no longer actively providing services for purposes of the Restricted Stock Units grant (including whether Participant may still be considered to be providing services while on a leave of absence and consistent with local law);

 

(f)                                   unless otherwise agreed with the Company, the Restricted Stock Units and Shares subject to the Restricted Stock Units, and the income from and value of same, are not granted as consideration for, or in connection with, the service Participant may provide as a director of a Subsidiary; and

 

(g)                                  for Participants who reside outside the United States, the following additional provisions shall apply:

 

(i)                                     the Restricted Stock Units and any Shares acquired under the Plan are not intended to replace any pension rights or compensation;

 

(ii)                                  the Restricted Stock Units and any Shares acquired under the Plan, and the income from and value of same, are not part of normal or expected compensation for any purpose, including, without limitation, calculating any severance, resignation, termination, redundancy, dismissal, end-of-service payments, bonuses, long-service awards, pension or retirement, or welfare benefits or similar payments;

 

(iii)                               no claim or entitlement to compensation or damages shall arise from the forfeiture of the Restricted Stock Units resulting from the termination of Participant’s status as a Service Provider (for any reason whatsoever, whether or not later found to be invalid or in breach of employment laws in the jurisdiction where Participant is employed or the terms of his or her employment or service agreement, if any); and

 

(iv)                              neither the Company, the Employer nor any Subsidiary shall be liable for any foreign exchange rate fluctuation between Participant’s local currency and the United States Dollar that may affect the value of the Restricted Stock Units or of any amounts due to Participant

 

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pursuant to the settlement of Restricted Stock Units or subsequent sale of Shares acquired upon settlement.

 

12.                               Tax Consequences and Acknowledgements.

 

(a)                                 Participant has reviewed with his or her own tax advisors the U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. tax consequences of this investment and the transactions contemplated by this Award Agreement.  With respect to such matters, Participant relies solely on such advisors and not on any statements or representations of the Company or any of its agents, written or oral.  Participant understands that Participant (and not the Company) shall be responsible for Participant’s own tax liability that may arise as a result of this investment or the transactions contemplated by this Award Agreement.

 

(b)                                 Participant acknowledges that the Company and/or the Service Recipient (i) make no representations or undertakings regarding the treatment of any Tax Obligations in connection with any aspect of the Restricted Stock Units, including, but not limited to, the grant, vesting or settlement of the Restricted Stock Units, the subsequent sale of Shares acquired pursuant to such settlement and the receipt of any dividends or other distributions, and (ii) do not commit to and are under no obligation to structure the terms of the grant or any aspect of the Restricted Stock Units to reduce or eliminate Participant’s liability for Tax Obligations or achieve any particular tax result.

 

13.                               Data Protection.

 

(a)                                 Data Processing. By participating in the Plan, Participant understands and acknowledges that it is necessary for the Company, Parent and any of their Subsidiaries or affiliates to collect, use, disclose, hold, transfer and otherwise process certain personal information about Participant as described in Section 28 of the Plan. This personal data (hereinafter “Data”) includes but is not limited to, Participant’s name, home address, email address and telephone number, date of birth, social insurance number, passport or other identification number, salary, nationality, job title, any Shares or directorships held in the Company, details of all Restricted Stock Units or any other entitlement to Shares awarded, canceled, vested, unvested or outstanding in Participant’s favor, which the Company receives from Participant or the Employer. This may include the international transfer of Participant’s Data to a jurisdiction that might have enacted data privacy laws that are less protective or otherwise different from those applicable in the Participant’s country of residence.

 

(b)                                 Necessary Disclosure of Data.  Participant understands that providing the Company with Data is necessary for performance of the Award Agreement and that Participant’s refusal to provide the Data would make it impossible for the Company to perform its contractual obligations and legitimate interests and may affect Participant’s ability to participate in the Plan.

 

(c)                                  Data Processing and Transfer Consent.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, if Participant is located in a jurisdiction for which the lawful bases for processing and transferring personal data described in the Plan are not recognized, then, to the extent applicable, Participant hereby unambiguously consents to the collection, use and transfer, in electronic or other form, of his or her Data, as described above and in any other grant materials, by and among, as applicable, the Employer, the Company and any affiliate for the exclusive purpose of implementing,

 

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administering and managing Participant’s participation in the Plan. Participant understands that he or she may, at any time, refuse or withdraw the consents herein, in any case without cost, by contacting in writing his or her human resources representative.  If Participant does not consent or later seeks to revoke his or her consent, Participant’s employment status or service with the Employer will not be affected; the only consequence of refusing or withdrawing consent is that the Company would not be able to grant Restricted Stock Units or other Awards to Participant under the Plan or administer or maintain such Awards.  Therefore, Participant understands that refusing or withdrawing consent may affect his or her ability to participate in the Plan.  For more information on the consequences of refusal to consent or withdrawal of consent, Participant should contact his or her local human resources representative.

 

14.                               No Advice Regarding Grant.  The Company is not providing any tax, legal or financial advice, nor is the Company making any recommendations regarding Participant’s participation in the Plan, or Participant’s acquisition or sale of the underlying Shares.  Participant should consult with his or her own personal tax, legal and financial advisors regarding his or her participation in the Plan before taking any action related to the Plan.

 

15.                               Address for Notices.  Any notice to be given to the Company under the terms of this Award Agreement will be addressed to the Company at CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc., 150 Mathilda Place, Suite 300, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 United States or at such other address as the Company may hereafter designate in writing.

 

16.                               Language.  Participant acknowledges that he or she is sufficiently proficient in English, or has consulted with an advisor who is sufficiently proficient in English, so as to allow Participant to understand the terms and conditions of the Award Agreement. If Participant has received the Award Agreement or any other document related to the Plan translated into a language other than English, and if the meaning of the translated version is different than the English version, the English version will control.

 

17.                               Successors and Assigns.  The Company may assign any of its rights under this Award Agreement to single or multiple assignees, and this Award Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of any assignee or successor of the Company.  Subject to the restrictions on transfer set forth herein and in the Plan, this Award Agreement shall be binding upon Participant and his or her heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns.  The rights and obligations of Participant under this Award Agreement may only be assigned with the prior written consent of the Company.

 

18.                               Interpretation.  The Administrator will have the power to interpret the Plan and this Award Agreement and to adopt such rules for the administration, interpretation and application of the Plan as are consistent therewith and to interpret or revoke any such rules (including, but not limited to, the determination of whether or not any Restricted Stock Units have vested).  The Administrator’s decisions, determinations and interpretations will be final and binding on Participant and any other holders of the Restricted Stock Units or other interested persons.  Neither the Administrator nor any person acting on behalf of the Administrator will be personally liable for any action, determination, or interpretation made in good faith with respect to the Plan or this Award Agreement.

 

19.                               Captions.  Captions provided herein are for convenience only and are not to serve as a basis for interpretation or construction of this Award Agreement.

 

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20.                               Agreement Severable. In the event that any provision in this Award Agreement will be held invalid or unenforceable, such provision will be severable from, and such invalidity or unenforceability will not be construed to have any effect on, the remaining provisions of this Award Agreement.

 

21.                               Imposition of Other Requirements.  The Company reserves the right to impose other requirements on Participant’s participation in the Plan, on the Restricted Stock Units and on any Shares acquired under the Plan, to the extent the Company determines it is necessary or advisable for legal or administrative reasons, and to require Participant to sign any additional agreements or undertakings that may be necessary to accomplish the foregoing.

 

22.                               Insider Trading Restrictions/Market Abuse Laws. Participant may be subject to insider trading restrictions and/or market abuse laws in applicable jurisdictions including, but not limited to the United States and Participant’s country, the broker’s country or the country in which the Shares are listed (if different), which may affect his or her ability to accept, acquire, sell or otherwise dispose of Shares or rights to Shares or rights linked to the value of Shares during such times as Participant is considered to have “inside information” regarding the Company (as defined by the laws or regulations in applicable jurisdictions).  Any restrictions under these laws or regulations are separate from and in addition to any restrictions that may be imposed under any applicable Company insider trading policy. Participant acknowledges that it is Participant’s responsibility to comply with any applicable restrictions and Participant should consult his or her personal legal advisor on this matter.

 

23.                               Foreign Asset/Account, Exchange Control and Tax Requirements.  Participant acknowledges that, depending on his or her country, there may be certain foreign asset and/or account reporting requirements or exchange control restrictions which may affect Participant’s ability to acquire or hold Shares or cash received from participating in the Plan (including proceeds from the sale of Shares and dividends paid on Shares) in, to and/or from a brokerage or bank account or legal entity outside Participant’s country.  Participant may be required to report such accounts, assets or related transactions to the tax or other authorities in his or her country.  Participant also may be required to repatriate sale proceeds or other funds received as a result of participating in the Plan to Participant’s country through a designated bank or broker and/or within a certain time after receipt.  Participant acknowledges that he or she is responsible for ensuring compliance with any applicable foreign asset/account, exchange control and tax reporting requirements and should consult his or her personal legal and tax advisors on this matter.

 

24.                               Amendment, Suspension or Termination of the Plan.  By accepting this Award, Participant expressly warrants that he or she has received an Award of Restricted Stock Units under the Plan, and has received, read, and understood a description of the Plan.  Participant understands that the Plan is discretionary in nature and may be amended, suspended or terminated by the Company at any time.

 

25.                               Modifications to the Award Agreement.  Participant expressly warrants that he or she is not accepting this Award Agreement in reliance on any promises, representations, or inducements other than those contained herein.  Subject to Sections 15 and 21 of the Plan, modifications to this Award Agreement or the Plan can be made only in an express written contract executed by a duly authorized officer of the Company.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Plan or this Award

 

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Agreement, the Company reserves the right to revise this Award Agreement as it deems necessary or advisable, in its sole discretion and without the consent of Participant, to comply with Section 409A of the Code or to otherwise avoid imposition of any additional tax or income recognition under Section 409A of the Code in connection with this Award of Restricted Stock Units.

 

26.                               No Waiver.  Either party’s failure to enforce any provision or provisions of this Award Agreement shall not in any way be construed as a waiver of any such provision or provisions, nor prevent that party from thereafter enforcing each and every other provision of this Award Agreement.  The rights granted to both parties herein are cumulative and shall not constitute a waiver of either party’s right to assert all other legal remedies available to it under the circumstances.

 

27.                               Governing Law and Venue.  This Award Agreement and the Restricted Stock Units will be governed by the laws of the State of Delaware, without giving effect to the conflict of law principles thereof.  For purposes of litigating any dispute that arises under these Restricted Stock Units or this Award Agreement, the parties hereby submit to and consent to the jurisdiction of the State of Delaware, and agree that such litigation will be conducted in any United States federal court located in the State of Delaware or any other state court in the State of Delaware, and no other courts.

 

28.                               Waiver of Jury Trial.  Each of the parties hereto hereby irrevocably waives any and all right to trial by jury in any legal proceeding arising out of or related to this Award Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.

 

29.                               Entire Agreement.  The Plan is incorporated herein by reference.  The Plan and this Award Agreement (including the appendices and exhibits referenced herein) constitute the entire agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersede in their entirety all prior undertakings and agreements of the Company and Participant with respect to the subject matter hereof, and may not be modified adversely to Participant’s interest except by means of a writing signed by the Company and Participant.

 

30.                               Country Addendum.  Notwithstanding any provisions in this Award Agreement, the Restricted Stock Unit grant shall be subject to any special terms and conditions set forth in the appendix to this Award Agreement for any country whose laws are applicable to Participant and this Award of Restricted Stock Units (as determined by the Administrator in its sole discretion) (the “Country Addendum”).  Moreover, if Participant relocates to one of the countries included in the Country Addendum, the special terms and conditions for such country will apply to Participant, to the extent the Company determines that the application of such terms and conditions is necessary or advisable for legal, tax or administrative reasons.  The Country Addendum constitutes part of this Award Agreement.

 

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CROWDSTRIKE HOLDINGS, INC.

2019 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN

GLOBAL RESTRICTED STOCK UNIT AGREEMENT

COUNTRY ADDENDUM

 

TERMS AND CONDITIONS

 

This Country Addendum includes additional terms and conditions that govern the Award of Restricted Stock Units granted to Participant under the Plan if Participant works in one of the countries listed below.  If Participant is a citizen or resident of a country (or is considered as such for local law purposes) other than the one in which he or she is currently working or if Participant relocates to another country after receiving the Award of Restricted Stock Units, the Company will, in its discretion, determine the extent to which the terms and conditions contained herein will be applicable to Participant.

 

Certain capitalized terms used but not defined in this Country Addendum shall have the meanings set forth in the Plan, and/or the Global Restricted Stock Unit Agreement to which this Country Addendum is attached.

 

NOTIFICATIONS

 

This Country Addendum also includes notifications relating to exchange control and other issues of which Participant should be aware with respect to his or her participation in the Plan.  The information is based on the exchange control, securities and other laws in effect in the countries listed in this Country Addendum, as of April 2019.  Such laws are often complex and change frequently.  As a result, the Company strongly recommends that Participant not rely on the notifications herein as the only source of information relating to the consequences of his or her participation in the Plan because the information may be outdated when Participant vests in the Restricted Stock Units and acquires Shares, or when Participant subsequently sell Shares acquired under the Plan.

 

In addition, the notifications are general in nature and may not apply to Participant’s particular situation, and the Company is not in a position to assure Participant of any particular result.  Accordingly, Participant should seek appropriate professional advice as to how the relevant laws in Participant’s country may apply to Participant’s situation.

 

Finally, if Participant is a citizen or resident of a country other than the one in which Participant is currently working (or is considered as such for local law purposes) or if Participant moves to another country after receiving the Award of Restricted Stock Units, the information contained herein may not be applicable to Participant.

 


 

AUSTRALIA

 

Notifications

 

Tax Information.  The Plan is a plan to which Subdivision 83A-C of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (Cth) applies (subject to the conditions in the Act).

 

Securities Law Information.  There are legal consequences associated with participating in the Plan.  Participant should ensure that Participant understands these consequences before participating in the Plan. Any information given by or on behalf of the Company is general information only. Participant should obtain his or her own financial product advice from an independent person who is licensed by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (“ASIC”) to give advice about participating in the Plan.

 

The grant of Restricted Stock Units under the terms of the Plan and the Award Agreement does not require disclosure under Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) (the “Corporations Act”).  No document provided to Participant in connection with his or her participation in the Plan (including the Award Agreement and this Country Addendum):

 

·                                          is a prospectus for purposes of the Corporations Act; or

 

·                                          has been filed or reviewed by a regulatory in Australia (including ASIC).

 

Participant should not rely on any oral statements made in connection with his or her participation in the Plan. Participant should rely only upon the statements contained in the Award Agreement, including this Country Addendum, when considering whether to participate in the Plan.

 

In the event that Shares are issued to Participant under the Plan, the value of any Shares will be affected by the Australian / United States Dollar exchange rate, in addition to fluctuations in values caused by the fortunes of the Company.

 

If Participants offers any Shares for sale to any person or entity resident in Australia, the offer may be subject to disclosure requirements under Australian law.  Participant should consult with his or her personal legal advisor prior to making any such offer to ensure compliance with the applicable requirements.

 

CANADA

 

Terms and Conditions

 

Payment.  The following provision supplements Section 2 and 4 of the Award Agreement:

 

Notwithstanding any discretion contained in the Plan and the Award Agreement, the Restricted Stock Units will not be settled in cash or a combination of cash and Shares. The Restricted Stock Units will be settled only in Shares.

 

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Nature of Grant.  The following provision replaces Section 11(e) of the Award Agreement:

 

For purposes of the Restricted Stock Units, Participant’s status as a Service Provider will be considered terminated as of the date that is the earlier of (i) the date of Participant’s termination, (ii) the date Participant receives notice of termination, or (iii) the date Participant is no longer actively providing services and will not be extended by any notice period (e.g., active service would not include any contractual notice period or any period of “garden leave” or similar period mandated under Canadian laws or the terms of Participant’s employment or service agreement, if any), regardless of the reason for such termination and whether or not later found to be invalid or in breach of employment laws in the jurisdiction where Participant is employed or providing services or the terms of his or her employment or service agreement, if any; unless otherwise expressly provided in this Award Agreement or determined by the Company, Participant’s right to vest in the Restricted Stock Units under the Plan, if any, will terminate as of such date; in the event that the date the Participant is no longer actively providing services cannot be reasonably determined under the terms of this Award Agreement and the Plan, the Administrator shall have the exclusive discretion to determine when Participant is no longer actively providing services for purposes of his or her Restricted Stock Unit Award (including whether Participant may still be considered to be providing services while on a leave of absence).

 

The following provisions apply to residents of Quebec:

 

Language Consent.  The parties acknowledge that it is their express wish that the Award Agreement, as well as all documents, notices and legal proceedings entered into, given or instituted pursuant hereto or relating directly or indirectly hereto, be drawn up in English.

 

Consentement à la Langue Utilisée. Les parties reconnaissent avoir expressément souhaité que la convention, ainsi que tous les documents, avis et procédures judiciaires, exécutés, donnés ou intentés en vertu de, ou liés, directement ou indirectement à la présente convention, soient rédigés en langue anglaise.

 

Data Privacy.  The following provision supplements Section 13 of the Award Agreement:

 

Participant authorizes the Company and the Company’s representatives to discuss with and obtain all relevant information from all personnel, professional or non-professional, involved with the administration of the Plan.  Participant further authorizes the Company, any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company, the Employer, the Stock Plan Administrator or any other stock plan service provider as may be selected by the Company from time to time to assist with the Plan, to disclose and discuss the Plan with their advisors.  Participant also authorizes the Company and the Service Recipient to record such information and to keep such information in Participant’s employee file.

 

Notifications

 

Securities Law Information.  The sale of Shares acquired under the Plan may not take place in Canada.

 

Foreign Asset and Account Reporting Information.  Canadian residents are required to report their foreign specified property (e.g., Shares) on form T1135 (Foreign Income Verification Statement) if the total cost of the foreign specified property exceeds C$100,000 at any time in the year.  The Restricted Stock Units must be reported—generally at a nil cost—if the C$100,000 threshold is exceeded because of other foreign specific property held by Participant. The Shares acquired under

 

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the Plan must be reported and their cost generally is the adjusted cost base (“ACB”) of the Shares.  The ACB ordinarily would equal the fair market value of the Shares at the time of acquisition, but if such Canadian resident owns other Shares, this ACB may have to be averaged with the ACB of the other shares.  The form T1135 generally must be filed by April 30 of the following year.  Canadian residents should consult with a personal advisor to ensure compliance with the applicable reporting requirements.

 

FINLAND

 

There are no country-specific provisions.

 

FRANCE

 

Terms and Conditions

 

Language Consent.  By accepting the Restricted Stock Units, Participant confirms having read and understood the Plan and Award Agreement, including all terms and conditions included therein, which were provided in the English language.  Participant accepts the terms of those documents accordingly.

 

Consentement à la Langue Utilisée. En acceptant l’ attribution, le Participant confirme avoir lu et compris le Plan et le Contrat y relatifs, inclutant tous leurs termes et conditions, qui ont été transmis en langue anglaise.  Le Participant accepte les termes de ces documents en conséquence.

 

Notifications

 

Non-Tax-Qualified Restricted Stock Units.  The Restricted Stock Units granted under the Award Agreement are not intended to be French tax-qualified Restricted Stock Units.

 

Foreign Asset and Account Reporting Information.  French residents are required to report all foreign accounts (whether open, current or closed) to the French tax authorities when filing their annual tax returns.  Participant should consult his or her personal tax advisor to ensure compliance with applicable reporting obligations.

 

GERMANY

 

Notifications

 

Exchange Control Information.  German residents must report cross-border payments in excess of €12,500 on a monthly basis to the German Federal Bank (Bundesbank).  In case of payments in connection with securities (including proceeds realized upon the sale of Shares), the report must be filed electronically by the fifth (5th) day of the month following the month in which the payment was received.  The form of report (“Allgemeine Meldeportal Statistik”) can be accessed via the Bundesbank’s website (www.bundesbank.de) and is available in both German and English.

 

Foreign Asset and Account Reporting Information.  German residents holding Shares must notify their local tax office of the acquisition of Shares when they file their tax returns for the relevant year if the aggregate value of all Shares acquired exceeds €150,000, or in the unlikely event that the resident holds Shares exceeding 10% of the Company’s total Common Stock.

 

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INDIA

 

Notifications

 

Exchange Control Information.  Indian residents are required to repatriate any funds realized under the Plan to India within prescribed periods (e.g., within ninety (90) days of the receipt of proceeds from the sale of Shares, or such other period as may apply under applicable exchange control laws as may be amended from time to time).  Participant should maintain any foreign inward remittance certificate (received from the bank where the foreign currency is deposited) in the event that the Reserve Bank of India or the Employer requests proof of repatriation.

 

Foreign Asset and Account Reporting Information.  Foreign bank accounts and any foreign financial assets (including Shares held outside India) must be declared by Indian residents in their annual tax return.  Participant is responsible for complying with this reporting obligation to the extent it applies to Participant and should confer with Participant’s personal legal advisor in this regard.

 

IRELAND

 

Notifications

 

Director Notification Requirement.  If Participant is a director, shadow director or secretary of an Irish Subsidiary and has a 1% or more shareholding interest in the Company, he or she must notify the Irish Subsidiary in writing upon receiving or disposing of an interest in the Company (e.g., Restricted Stock Units, Shares) or upon becoming aware of the event giving rise to the notification requirement, or upon becoming a director, shadow director or secretary if such an interest exists at that time.  This notification requirement also applies with respect to the interests of a spouse or minor child (whose interests will be attributed to the director, shadow director or secretary).

 

ISRAEL

 

Terms and Conditions

 

Settlement.  The following provision supplements Section 2 and 4 of the Award Agreement:

 

At the discretion of the Company, Participant may be subject to an immediate forced sale restriction, pursuant to which all Shares acquired at vesting will be immediately sold and Participant will receive the sale proceeds less Tax Obligations and applicable broker fees and commissions. In this case, Participant will not be entitled to hold any Shares issued at vesting of the Restricted Stock Units.

 

Notifications

 

Securities Law Information.  An exemption from the requirement to file a prospectus with respect to the Plan has been granted to the Company by the Israeli Securities Authority.  Copies of the Plan and Form S-8 registration statement for the Plan filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission are available free of charge upon request from Participant’s local human resources department.

 

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ITALY

 

Terms and Conditions

 

Plan Document Acknowledgment.  By accepting the Restricted Stock Units, Participant acknowledges that he or she has received a copy of the Plan, the Award Agreement and this Country Addendum and has reviewed the Plan, the Award Agreement and this Country Addendum in their entirety and fully accepts all provisions thereof.  Participant further acknowledges that he or she has read and specifically and expressly approves the following provisions of the Award Agreement:  (i) Tax Obligations; (ii) Grant is Not Transferable; (iii) Nature of Grant; (iv) Data Privacy; (v) Language; (vi) Imposition of Other Requirements; (vii) Governing Law and Venue;  and (viii) Entire Agreement.

 

Notifications

 

Foreign Asset and Account Reporting Information.  Italian residents who, at any time during the fiscal year, hold foreign financial assets (e.g., cash, Shares or Restricted Stock Units) which may generate income taxable in Italy are required to report such assets on their annual tax returns or on a special form if no tax return is due.  The same reporting duties apply to Italian residents who are beneficial owners of the foreign financial assets pursuant to Italian money laundering provisions, even if they do not directly hold the foreign asset abroad.  Participant should consult his or her personal legal advisor to ensure compliance with applicable reporting requirements.

 

Foreign Asset Tax Information.  The value of financial assets held outside of Italy (including Shares acquired under the Plan) by Italian residents is subject to a foreign asset tax. The taxable amount will be the fair market value of the financial assets assessed at the end of the calendar year.

 

JAPAN

 

Notifications

 

Foreign Asset and Account Reporting Information.  Details of any assets held outside Japan on an annual basis as of December 31 (including Shares acquired under the Plan) must be reported to the tax authorities, to the extent such assets have a total net fair market value exceeding ¥50,000,000.  Such report is due by March 15 each year.  Participant should consult with his or her personal tax advisor to determine if the reporting obligation applies to Participant and whether Participant will be required to include details of Participant’s outstanding Restricted Stock Units, as well as Shares, in the report.

 

MALAYSIA

 

Notifications

 

Director Notification Obligation.  If Participant is a director of a Malaysian Subsidiary, Participant is subject to certain notification requirements under the Malaysian Companies Act.  Among these requirements is an obligation to notify the Malaysian Parent or Subsidiary in writing when Participant receives or disposes of an interest (e.g., Restricted Stock Units or Shares) in the Company or any related company.  Such notifications must be made within 14 days of receiving or disposing of any interest in the Company or any related company.

 

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NETHERLANDS

 

There are no country-specific provisions.

 

NEW ZEALAND

 

Notifications

 

Securities Law InformationWarning: Participant is being offered Restricted Stock Units, which, upon vesting and settlement, allows him or her to acquire Shares in accordance with the terms of the Plan and the Award Agreement. The Shares, if acquired, give Participant a stake in the ownership of the Company. Participant may receive a return if dividends are paid.

 

If the Company runs into financial difficulties and is wound up, Participant will be paid only after all creditors have been paid. New Zealand law normally requires people who offer financial products to give information to investors before they invest. This information is designed to help investors make an informed decision.

 

The usual rules do not apply to this offer because it is a small offer. As a result, Participant may not be given all the information usually required. Participant will also have fewer legal protections for this investment.

 

Participant should ask questions, read all documents carefully and seek independent financial advice before making any decisions with respect to the Plan.

 

ROMANIA

 

Terms and Conditions

 

Language Consent.  By accepting the grant of Restricted Stock Units, Participant acknowledges that he or she is proficient in reading and understanding English and fully understands the terms of the documents related to the grant (the Award Agreement and the Plan), which were provided in the English language.  Participant accepts the terms of those documents accordingly.

 

Consimtamant cu Privire la Limba. Prin acceptarea acordarii de Restricted Stock Unit-uri, Participantul confirma ca acesta sau aceasta are un nivel adecvat de cunoastere in ce priveste cititirea si intelegerea limbii engleze, a citit si confirma ca a inteles pe deplin termenii documentelor referitoare la acordare (Acordul si Planul), care au fost furnizate in limba engleza.  Participantul accepta termenii acestor documente in consecinta.

 

Notifications

 

Exchange Control Information.  If Participant deposits the proceeds from the sale of Shares acquired under the Plan in a bank account in Romania, Participant may be required to provide the Romanian bank with appropriate documentation explaining the source of the funds.  Participant should consult with his or her personal legal advisor to ensure compliance with applicable requirements.

 

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SINGAPORE

 

Terms and Conditions

 

Restriction on Sale and Transferability.  Participant hereby agrees that any Shares acquired under the Plan will not be offered for sale in Singapore prior to the six-month anniversary of the Date of Grant, unless such sale or offer is made pursuant to one or more exemptions under Part XIII Division (1) Subdivision (4) (other than section 280) of the Securities and Futures Act (Chapter 289, 2006 Ed.).

 

Notifications

 

Securities Law Information.  The grant of Restricted Stock Units under the Plan is being made pursuant to the “Qualifying Person” exemption under section 273(1)(f) of the SFA, on which basis it is exempt from the prospectus and registration requirements and is not made with a view to the underlying Shares being subsequently offered for sale to any other party.  The Plan has not been lodged or registered as a prospectus with the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

 

Chief Executive Officer and Director Notification Requirement.  If Participant is the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) or a director (including an alternate, substitute or shadow director) of a Singapore Subsidiary, Participant must notify the Singapore Subsidiary in writing of an interest (e.g., Restricted Stock Units, Shares, etc.) in the Company or any Subsidiary within two business days of (i) acquiring or disposing of such interest, (ii) any change in a previously disclosed interest (e.g., sale of Shares), or (iii) becoming the CEO or a director.

 

SPAIN

 

Terms and Conditions

 

Nature of Grant.  The following provision supplements Section 11 of the Award Agreement:

 

By accepting the Restricted Stock Units, Participant consents to participation in the Plan and acknowledges that he or she has received a copy of the Plan. Participant understands that the Company has unilaterally, gratuitously and discretionally decided to grant Restricted Stock Units under the Plan to individuals who may be employees of the Company or of a Parent or Subsidiary throughout the world. This decision is a limited decision that is entered into upon the express assumption and condition that any grant will not bind the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary other than as expressly set forth in the Award Agreement. Consequently, Participant understands that the Restricted Stock Units are granted on the assumption and condition that the Restricted Stock Units and any Shares acquired under the Plan are not part of any employment or service contract (either with the Company or with any Parent or Subsidiary) and shall not be considered a mandatory benefit or salary for any purpose (including severance compensation) or any other right whatsoever.   Further, Participant understands and agrees that, unless otherwise expressly provided for by the Company or set forth in the Plan or the Award Agreement, the Restricted Stock Units will be cancelled without entitlement to any Shares underlying the Restricted Stock Units if Participant’s status as a Service Provider is terminated for any reason, including, but not limited to: resignation, retirement, disciplinary dismissal adjudged to be with cause, disciplinary dismissal adjudged or recognized to be without good cause (i.e., subject to a “despido improcedente”), material modification of the terms of employment under

 

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Article 41 of the Workers’ Statute, relocation under Article 40 of the Workers’ Statute, Article 50 of the Workers’ Statute, or under Article 10.3 of Royal Decree 1382/1985.

 

In addition, Participant understands that this grant would not be made to Participant but for the assumptions and conditions referred to above; thus, Participant acknowledges and freely accepts that, should any or all of the assumptions be mistaken or should any of the conditions not be met for any reason, then any grant of, or right to, the Restricted Stock Units shall be null and void.

 

Notifications

 

Securities Law Information.  The grant of Restricted Stock Units described in the Award Agreement does not qualify under Spanish regulations as a security. No “offer of securities to the public,” as defined under Spanish law, has taken place or will take place in the Spanish territory in connection with the grant of the Restricted Stock Units. The Award Agreement has not been, nor will it be, registered with the Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores, and does not constitute a public offering or prospectus.

 

Exchange Control Information.  Participant must declare the acquisition, ownership and disposition of Shares to the Dirección General de Comercio e Inversiones of the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (the “DGCI”) on  a Form D-6.  Generally, the declaration must be made in January for Shares owned as of December 31 of the prior year and/or Shares acquired or disposed of during the prior year;  however, if the value of the Shares acquired or disposed of or the amount of the sale proceeds exceeds €1,502,530 (or if Participant holds 10% or more of the share capital of the Company), the declaration must be filed within one month of the acquisition or disposition, as applicable.

 

In addition, Participant may be required to electronically declare to the Bank of Spain any foreign accounts (including brokerage accounts held abroad), any foreign instruments (including Shares acquired under the Plan), and any transactions with non-Spanish residents (including any payments of Shares made pursuant to the Plan), depending on the balances in such accounts together with the value of such instruments as of December 31 of the relevant year, or the volume of transactions with non-Spanish residents during the relevant year.

 

Foreign Asset and Account Reporting Information.  To the extent that Participant holds rights or assets (e.g., cash or Shares held in a bank or brokerage account) outside of Spain with a value in excess of €50,000 per type of right or asset as of December 31 each year (or at any time during the year in which Participant sells or disposes of such rights or assets), Participant is required to report information on such rights and assets on his or her tax return for such year.  After such rights or assets are initially reported, the reporting obligation will only apply for subsequent years if the value of any previously reported rights or assets increases by more than €20,000.  Participant should consult with his or her personal tax advisor to ensure compliance with applicable reporting requirements.

 

SWEDEN

 

There are no country-specific provisions.

 

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TAIWAN

 

Notifications

 

Securities Law Information.  The offer of participation in the Plan is available only for Service Providers of the Company and any Parent or Subsidiary.  The offer of participation in the Plan is not a public offer of securities by a Taiwanese company.

 

Exchange Control Information.  The acquisition or conversion of foreign currency and the remittance of such amounts (including proceeds from the sale of Shares) to Taiwan may trigger certain annual or periodic exchange control reporting.  If the transaction amount is TWD500,000 or more in a single transaction, Participant may be required to submit a Foreign Exchange Transaction Form and provide supporting documentation to the satisfaction of the remitting bank.  Participant should consult his or her personal legal advisor to ensure compliance with applicable exchange control laws in Taiwan.

 

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

 

Notifications

 

Securities Law Information.  The offer of Restricted Stock Units is available only for select employees of the Company and its Subsidiaries and is in the nature of providing employee incentives in the United Arab Emirates.  The Plan and the Award Agreement are intended for distribution only to such employees and must not be delivered to, or relied on by any other person. Prospective purchasers of securities should conduct their own due diligence.

 

The Emirates Securities and Commodities Authority has no responsibility for reviewing or verifying any documents in connection with this statement, including the Plan and the Award Agreement, or any other incidental communication materials distributions in connection with the Restricted Stock Units.  Further, neither the Ministry of Economy nor the Dubai Department of Economic Development has approved this statement nor taken steps to verify the information set out in it, and has no responsibility for it.  Residents of the United Arab Emirates who have questions regarding the contents of the Plan and the Award Agreement should obtain independent professional advice.

 

UNITED KINGDOM

 

Terms and Conditions

 

Payment.  The following provision supplements Section 2 and 4 of the Award Agreement:

 

Notwithstanding any discretion contained in the Plan or the Award Agreement, the Restricted Stock Units will not be settled in cash or a combination of cash and Shares. The Restricted Stock Units will be settled only in Shares.

 

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Responsibility for Taxes.  The following provision supplements Section 8 of the Award Agreement:

 

Without limitation to this Section 8, Participant hereby agrees that he or she is liable for any Tax Obligation related to his or her participation in the Plan and hereby covenants to pay such Tax Obligation, as and when requested by the Company or (if different) the Service Recipient or by Her Majesty’s Revenue & Customs (“HMRC”) (or any other tax authority or any other relevant authority).  Participant also hereby agrees to indemnify and keep indemnified the Company and (if different) the Service Recipient against any Tax-Related Items that they are required to pay or withhold or have paid or will pay to HMRC (or any other tax authority or any other relevant authority) on Participant’s behalf.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if Participant is a director or executive officer of the Company (within the meaning of Section 13(k) of the Exchange Act), Participant understands that the foregoing provision will not apply. Instead, any Tax Obligation not collected or paid may constitute a benefit to Participant on which additional income tax and National Insurance Contributions (“NICs”) may be payable. Participant understands that he or she will be responsible for reporting and paying any income tax due on this additional benefit directly to HMRC under the self-assessment regime and for paying to the Company and/or the Service Recipient (as appropriate) the amount of any employee NICs due on this additional benefit, which can be recovered by any means set out in the Award Agreement.

 

National Insurance Contribution Joint Election.  If Participant is a tax resident in the United Kingdom, the grant of the Restricted Stock Units is conditional upon Participant’s agreement to accept liability for any secondary Class 1 national insurance contributions, which may be payable by the Employer in connection with any event giving rise to tax liability in relation to the Restricted Stock Units (“Employer NICs”).  The Employer NICs may be collected by the Company or the Employer using any of the methods described in the Award Agreement.  Without prejudice to the foregoing, Participant agrees to execute a joint election with the Company or the Employer (a “NICs Joint Election”), the form of such NICs Joint Election being formally approved by HMRC, and any other consent or elections required to accomplish the transfer of the Employer NICs to Participant.  The NICs Joint Election (attached as Exhibit B) must be printed, signed and returned in hard copy in accordance with the instructions provided at the end of the cover page under “Important Note on the Election to Transfer Employer NICs.”  Participant further agrees to execute such other elections as may be required by any successor to the Company and/or the Employer for the purpose of continuing the effectiveness of Participant’s NICs Joint Election.  If Participant does not complete the Joint Election prior to the Restricted Stock Units vesting, or if approval of the NICs Joint Election is withdrawn by HMRC and a new NICs Joint Election is not entered into, Participant’s Restricted Stock Units shall become null and void and may not be settled, without any liability to the Company or its Subsidiaries.  Participant must enter into the NICs Joint Election attached to the Award Agreement as Exhibit B concurrent with the execution of the Award Agreement or at such subsequent time as may be designated by the Company.

 

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EXHIBIT B

 

NICs JOINT ELECTION FOR U.K. PARTICIPANTS

 

Important Note on the Election to Transfer Employer NICs

 

If you are liable for National Insurance contributions (“NICs”) in the UK in connection with your participation in the CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan, you are required to enter into an Election to transfer to you any liability for employer’s NICs that may arise in connection with your participation in the Plan.

 

By entering into the Election:

 

·                  you agree that any employer’s NICs liability that may arise in connection with your participation in the Plan will be transferred to you;

 

·                  you authorise your employer to recover an amount sufficient to cover this liability by such methods including, but not limited to, deductions from your salary or other payments due or the sale of sufficient shares acquired pursuant to your awards; and

 

·                  you acknowledge that the Company or your employer may require you to sign a paper copy of this Election (or a substantially similar form) if the Company determines such is necessary to give effect to the Election.

 

Please read the Election carefully.

 

Important Instructions:  Please print and sign the Election and return the signed Election to the Company within ninety (90) days of the Date of Grant. Instructions with respect to how to return the signed Election to the Company are provided in Section 15 of the Award Agreement “Address for Notices.”  Alternatively, it may be possible to return a scanned copy of the signed Election to the Company via email. For more information on this alternative, please contact the Company or the Employer.

 

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CROWDSTRIKE HOLDINGS, INC.

 

2019 STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN

 

Election to Transfer the Employer’s National Insurance Liability to the Employee

 

This Election is between:

 

A.                                    The individual who has obtained authorised access to this Election and whose name must be inserted in the “Acceptance by the Employee” section below (the “Employee”), and

 

B.                                    CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc., 150 Mathilda Place, Suite 300, Sunnyvale, California 94086, United States of America (the “Company”), which may grant restricted stock units (“Awards”) under the CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) and is entering into this Election on behalf of one of the employer companies listed in the attached schedule (the “Employer”).

 

1.                                      Introduction

 

1.1                               This Election relates to all Awards granted to the Employee under the Plan from the date it is entered up to the termination date of the Plan.

 

1.2                               In this Election, the following words and phrases have the following meanings:

 

(a)                                 “Chargeable Event” means, any event giving rise to Relevant Employment Income.

 

(b)                                 “ITEPA” means the Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act 2003.

 

(c)                                  “Relevant Employment Income” from Awards on which employer’s National Insurance Contributions become due is defined as:

 

(i)                                     an amount that counts as employment income of the earner under section 426 ITEPA (restricted securities: charge on certain post-acquisition events);

 

(ii)                                  an amount that counts as employment income of the earner under section 438 of ITEPA (convertible securities: charge on certain post-acquisition events); or

 

(iii)                               any gain that is treated as remuneration derived from the earner’s employment by virtue of section 4(4)(a) SSCBA, including without limitation:

 

(A)                               the acquisition of securities pursuant to Awards (within section 477(3)(a) of ITEPA);

 

(B)                               the assignment or release of the Awards in return for consideration (within section 477(3)(b) of ITEPA);

 

(C)                               the receipt of a benefit in connection with the Awards other than a benefit within (A) or (B) above (within section 477(3)(c) of ITEPA).

 

(d)                                 “SSCBA” means the Social Security Contributions and Benefits Act 1992.

 

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1.3                               This Election relates to the employer’s secondary Class 1 National Insurance Contributions (the “Employer’s Liability”) which may arise in respect of Relevant Employment Income in respect of the Awards pursuant to section 4(4)(a) and/or paragraph 3B(1A) of Schedule 1 of the SSCBA.

 

1.4                               This Election does not apply in relation to any liability, or any part of any liability, arising as a result of regulations being given retrospective effect by virtue of section 4B(2) of either the SSCBA or the Social Security Contributions and Benefits (Northern Ireland) Act 1992.

 

1.5                               This Election does not apply to the extent that it relates to relevant employment income which is employment income of the earner by virtue of Chapter 3A of Part VII of ITEPA (employment income: securities with artificially depressed market value).

 

2.                                      The Election

 

The Employee and the Company jointly elect that the entire liability of the Employer to pay the Employer’s Liability that arises on any Relevant Employment Income is hereby transferred to the Employee.  The Employee understands that, by electronically accepting the Award or by separately signing or electronically accepting this Election, as applicable, he or she will become personally liable for the Employer’s Liability covered by this Election.  This Election is made in accordance with paragraph 3B(1) of Schedule 1 to the SSCBA.

 

3.                                      Payment of the Employer’s Liability

 

3.1                               The Employee hereby authorises the Company and/or the Employer to collect the Employer’s Liability in respect of any Relevant Employment Income from the Employee at any time after the Chargeable Event:

 

(i)                                     by deduction from salary or any other payment payable to the Employee at any time on or after the date of the Chargeable Event; and/or

 

(ii)                                  directly from the Employee by payment in cash or cleared funds; and/or

 

(iii)                               by arranging, on behalf of the Employee, for the sale of some of the securities which the Employee is entitled to receive in respect of the Awards; and/or

 

(iv)                              by any other means specified in the applicable award agreement.

 

3.2                               The Company hereby reserves for itself and the Employer the right to withhold the transfer of any securities to the Employee in respect of the Awards until full payment of the Employer’s Liability is received.

 

3.3                               The Company agrees to procure the remittance by the Employer of the Employer’s Liability to HM Revenue & Customs on behalf of the Employee within 14 days after the end of the UK tax month during which the Chargeable Event occurs (or within 17 days after the end of the UK tax month during which the Chargeable Event occurs, if payments are made electronically).

 

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4.                                      Duration of Election

 

4.1                               The Employee and the Company agree to be bound by the terms of this Election regardless of whether the Employee is transferred abroad or is not employed by the Employer on the date on which the Employer’s Liability becomes due.

 

4.2                               Any reference to the Company and/or the Employer shall include that entity’s successors in title and assigns as permitted in accordance with the terms of the Plan and relevant award agreement.  This Election will continue in effect in respect of any awards which replace the Awards in circumstances where section 483 of ITEPA applies.

 

4.3                               This Election will continue in effect until the earliest of the following:

 

(i)                                     the Employee and the Company agree in writing that it should cease to have effect;

 

(ii)                                  on the date the Company serves written notice on the Employee terminating its effect;

 

(iii)                               on the date HM Revenue & Customs withdraws approval of this Election; or

 

(iv)                              after due payment of the Employer’s Liability in respect of the entirety of the Awards to which this Election relates or could relate, such that the Election ceases to have effect in accordance with its terms.

 

4.4                               This Election will continue in force regardless of whether the Employee ceases to be an employee of the Employer

 

Acceptance by the Employee

 

The Employee acknowledges that, by electronically accepting the Award or by separately signing or electronically accepting this Election, as applicable, the Employee agrees to be bound by the terms of this Election.

 

Name

 

 

 

Signature

 

 

 

Date

 

 

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Acceptance by the Company

 

The Company acknowledges that, by signing this Election or arranging for the scanned signature of an authorised representative to appear on this Election, the Company agrees to be bound by the terms of this Election.

 

Signature for and on behalf of the Company

 

 

 

Position

 

 

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SCHEDULE OF EMPLOYER COMPANIES

 

The following are employer companies to which this Election may apply:

 

Name of Company:

 

CrowdStrike UK Ltd. (“CSUK”)

Registered Office:

 

6th Floor One London Wall, London, United Kingdom EC2Y 5EB

Company Registration Number:

 

09625468

Corporation Tax District:

 

623

Corporation Tax Reference:

 

9437612637

PAYE Reference:

 

475PP00826711

 

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Exhibit 10.3

 

CROWDSTRIKE HOLDINGS, INC.

2019 EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN

 

1.                                      Purpose.  The purpose of the Plan is to provide employees of the Company and its Designated Companies with an opportunity to purchase Common Stock through accumulated Contributions.  The Company intends for the Plan to have two components: a Code Section 423 Component (“423 Component”) and a non-Code Section 423 Component (“Non-423 Component”).  The Company’s intention is to have the 423 Component of the Plan qualify as an “employee stock purchase plan” under Section 423 of the Code.  The provisions of the 423 Component, accordingly, will be construed so as to extend and limit Plan participation in a uniform and nondiscriminatory basis consistent with the requirements of Section 423 of the Code.  In addition, this Plan authorizes the grant of an option to purchase Common Stock under the Non-423 Component that does not qualify as an “employee stock purchase plan” under Section 423 of the Code; such an option will be granted pursuant to rules, procedures or sub-plans adopted by the Administrator designed to achieve tax, securities laws or other objectives for Eligible Employees and the Company.  Except as otherwise provided herein, the Non-423 Component will operate and be administered in the same manner as the 423 Component.

 

2.                                      Definitions.

 

(a)                                 Administrator” means the Committee.

 

(b)                                 Affiliate” means any entity that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, the Company.

 

(c)                                  Applicable Laws” means the requirements relating to the administration of equity-based awards under U.S. state corporate laws, U.S. federal and state securities laws, the Code, any stock exchange or quotation system on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted and the applicable laws or regulations of any foreign country or jurisdiction where options are, or will be, granted under the Plan.

 

(d)                                 Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company.

 

(e)                                  Change in Control” means the occurrence of any of the following events:

 

(i)                                     A change in the ownership of the Company which occurs on the date that any one person (within the meaning of Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act), or more than one person acting as a group (“Person”), acquires ownership of the stock of the Company that, together with the stock held by such Person, constitutes more than fifty percent (50%) of the total voting power of the stock of the Company; provided, however, that for purposes of this subsection, (A) the acquisition of additional stock by any one Person, who is considered to own more than fifty percent (50%) of the total voting power of the stock of the Company will not be considered a Change in Control, (B) if the stockholders of the Company immediately before such change in ownership

 

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continue to retain immediately after the change in ownership, in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of shares of the Company’s voting stock immediately prior to the change in ownership, the direct or indirect beneficial ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the total voting power of the stock of the Company or of the ultimate parent entity of the Company, such event will not be considered a Change in Control under this subsection (i) and (C) the acquisition or accumulation of voting power of the Company by a Person due to or in connection with the conversion of shares of Class B common stock into shares of Class A Common Stock or the sale or cancellation of Class B common stock such that such Person holds more than 50% of the total voting power of the Company shall not constitute a Change in Control, unless such Person subsequently acquires ownership of additional stock of the Company that constitutes more than 2% of the total fair market value or total voting power of the stock of the Company in a single transaction or series of related transactions (excluding any acquisition of shares of Class A Common Stock or Class B common stock in connection with the exercise or settlement of an Award or an award issued under the CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc. Amended and Restated 2011 Stock Incentive Plan or pursuant to a dividend reinvestment plan or employee stock purchase plan established by the Company or a Parent or Subsidiary thereof).  For this purpose, indirect beneficial ownership will include, without limitation, an interest resulting from ownership of the voting securities of one or more corporations or other business entities which own the Company, as the case may be, either directly or through one or more subsidiary corporations or other business entities;

 

(ii)                                  The consummation of a merger or consolidation of the Company with any other corporation or other entity, or the issuance of voting securities in connection with a merger or consolidation of the Company pursuant to applicable stock exchange requirements; provided that immediately following such merger or consolidation the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto do not continue to represent (either by remaining outstanding or by being converted into voting securities of the surviving entity of such merger or consolidation or parent entity thereof) fifty percent (50%) or more of the total voting power of the Company’s stock (or, if the Company is not the surviving entity of such merger or consolidation, fifty percent (50%) or more of the total voting power of the stock of such surviving entity or parent entity thereof); and provided, further, that a merger or consolidation effected to implement a recapitalization of the Company (or similar transaction) in which no Person is or becomes the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company (not including in the securities beneficially owned by such Person any securities acquired directly from the Company or its Affiliates other than in connection with the acquisition by the Company or its Affiliates of a business) representing fifty percent (50%) or more of either the then-outstanding shares or the combined voting power of the Company’s then-outstanding voting securities shall not be considered a Change in Control;

 

(iii)                               A change in the effective control of the Company which occurs on the date that a majority of members of the Board is replaced during any twelve (12)-month period by Directors whose appointment or election is not endorsed by a majority of the members of the Board prior to the date of the appointment or election.  For purposes of this subsection (iii), if any Person is considered to be in effective control of the Company, the acquisition of additional control of the Company by the same Person will not be considered a Change in Control; or

 

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(iv)                              A change in the ownership of a substantial portion of the Company’s assets which occurs on the date that any Person acquires (or has acquired during the twelve (12)-month period ending on the date of the most recent acquisition by such person or persons) assets from the Company that have a total gross fair market value equal to or more than fifty percent (50%) of the total gross fair market value of all of the assets of the Company immediately prior to such acquisition or acquisitions; provided, however, that for purposes of this subsection, the following will not constitute a change in the ownership of a substantial portion of the Company’s assets: (A) a transfer to an entity that is controlled by the Company’s stockholders immediately after the transfer, or (B) a transfer of assets by the Company to: (1) a stockholder of the Company (immediately before the asset transfer) in exchange for or with respect to the Company’s stock, (2) an entity, fifty percent (50%) or more of the total value or voting power of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company, (3) a Person, that owns, directly or indirectly, fifty percent (50%) or more of the total value or voting power of all the outstanding stock of the Company, or (4) an entity, at least fifty percent (50%) of the total value or voting power of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by a Person described in this subsection (iv)(B)(3).  For purposes of this subsection, gross fair market value means the value of the assets of the Company, or the value of the assets being disposed of, determined without regard to any liabilities associated with such assets.

 

For purposes of this definition, persons will be considered to be acting as a group if they are owners of a corporation that enters into a merger, consolidation, purchase, or acquisition of stock, or similar business transaction with the Company.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, a transaction will not be deemed a Change in Control unless the transaction qualifies as a change in control event within the meaning of Code Section 409A, as it has been and may be amended from time to time, and any proposed or final U.S. Treasury Regulations and Internal Revenue Service guidance that has been promulgated or may be promulgated thereunder from time to time.

 

Further and for the avoidance of doubt, a transaction will not constitute a Change in Control if: (i) its sole purpose is to change the jurisdiction of the Company’s incorporation, or (ii) its sole purpose is to create a holding company that will be owned in substantially the same proportions by the persons who held the Company’s securities immediately before such transaction.

 

(f)                                    Code” means the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.  Reference to a specific section of the Code or U.S. Treasury Regulation thereunder will include such section or regulation, any valid regulation or other official applicable guidance promulgated under such section, and any comparable provision of any future legislation or regulation amending, supplementing or superseding such section or regulation.

 

(g)                                 Committee” means the compensation committee of the Board, unless another committee of the Board is appointed in accordance with Section 15 hereof.  If there is no compensation committee of the Board and the Board does not designate another committee, references herein to the “Committee” shall refer to the Board.

 

(h)                                 Common Stock” means the Class A common stock of the Company.

 

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(i)                                    Company” means CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, or any successor thereto.

 

(j)                                    Compensation” includes an Eligible Employee’s base straight time gross earnings, payments for incentive compensation, bonuses, commissions and payments for overtime and shift premium, but excludes equity compensation and other similar compensation.  The Administrator, in its discretion, may, on a uniform and nondiscriminatory basis, establish a different definition of Compensation for a subsequent Offering Period.

 

(k)                                 Contributions” means the payroll deductions and other additional payments that the Company may permit to be made by a Participant to fund the exercise of options granted pursuant to the Plan.

 

(l)                                    Data” means certain personal information about a Participant, including, but not limited to, the Participant’s name, home address and telephone number, date of birth, social insurance number or other identification number, salary, nationality, job title, any shares or directorships held in the Company, details of all equity awards or any other entitlement to shares awarded, canceled, exercised, vested, unvested or outstanding in Participant’s favor or details of Contributions, enrollment or other information relating to Offerings under the Plan.

 

(m)                              Designated Broker” means the financial services firm or other broker or agent designated by the Company to maintain the accounts on behalf of Participants who have purchased shares of Common Stock under the Plan.

 

(n)                                 Designated Company” means any Subsidiary or Affiliate of the Company that has been designated by the Administrator from time to time in its sole discretion as eligible to participate in the Plan.  For purposes of the 423 Component, only the Company and its Subsidiaries may be Designated Companies; provided, however that at any given time, a Subsidiary that is a Designated Company under the 423 Component will not be a Designated Company under the Non-423 Component.  The Administrator may so designate any Subsidiary or Affiliate or revoke any such designation, at any time and from time to time, either before or after the Plan is approved by the stockholders.

 

(o)                                 Director” means a member of the Board.

 

(p)                                 Eligible Employee” means any individual who is a common law employee providing services to the Company or a Designated Company and is customarily employed for at least twenty (20) hours per week and more than five (5) months in any calendar year by the Employer, or any lesser number of hours per week and/or number of months in any calendar year established by the Administrator (if required under Applicable Laws) for purposes of any separate Offering or the Non-423 Component.  For purposes of the Plan, the employment relationship will be treated as continuing intact while the individual is on sick leave or other leave of absence that the Employer approves or is legally protected under Applicable Laws.  Where the period of leave exceeds three (3) months and the individual’s right to reemployment is not guaranteed either by statute or by contract, the employment relationship will be deemed to have terminated three (3) months and one (1) day following the commencement of such leave.  The Administrator, in its

 

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discretion, from time to time may, prior to an Enrollment Date for all options to be granted on such Enrollment Date in an Offering, determine (for each Offering under the 423 Component, on a uniform and nondiscriminatory basis or as otherwise permitted by Treasury Regulation Section 1.423-2) that the definition of Eligible Employee will or will not include an individual if he or she: (i) has not completed at least two (2) years of service since his or her last hire date (or such lesser period of time as may be determined by the Administrator in its discretion); (ii) customarily works not more than twenty (20) hours per week (or such lesser period of time as may be determined by the Administrator in its discretion); (iii) customarily works not more than five (5) months per calendar year (or such lesser period of time as may be determined by the Administrator in its discretion); (iv) is a highly compensated employee within the meaning of Section 414(q) of the Code; or (v) is a highly compensated employee within the meaning of Section 414(q) of the Code with compensation above a certain level or is an officer or subject to the disclosure requirements of Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act, provided the exclusion is applied with respect to each Offering under the 423 Component in an identical manner to all highly compensated individuals of the Employer whose Eligible Employees are participating in that Offering under the 423 Component.  Each exclusion will be applied with respect to an Offering in a manner complying with U.S. Treasury Regulation Section 1.423-2(e)(2)(ii).  Such exclusions may be applied with respect to an Offering under the Non-423 Component without regard to the limitations of Treasury Regulation Section 1.423-2.

 

(q)                                 Employer” means the employer of the applicable Eligible Employee(s).

 

(r)                                   Enrollment Date” means the first Trading Day of an Offering Period.

 

(s)                                   Enrollment Window” has the meaning set forth in Section 5(a).

 

(t)                                    Exchange Act” means the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

(u)                                 Exercise Date” means the last Trading Day of the Purchase Period.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that an Offering Period is terminated prior to its expiration pursuant to Section 21(a), the Administrator, in its sole discretion, may determine that any Purchase Period also terminating under such Offering Period will terminate without options being exercised on the Exercise Date that otherwise would have occurred on the last Trading Day of such Purchase Period.

 

(v)                                  Fair Market Value” means, as of any date, the value of a share of Common Stock determined as follows:

 

(i)                                     For purposes of the Enrollment Date of the first Offering Period under the Plan, the Fair Market Value will be the initial price to the public as set forth in the final prospectus included within the Registration Statement; or

 

(ii)                                  For all other purposes, the Fair Market Value will be the closing sales price for Common Stock as quoted on any established stock exchange or national market system (including without limitation the New York Stock Exchange, NASDAQ Global Select Market, the

 

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NASDAQ Global Market or the NASDAQ Capital Market of The NASDAQ Stock Market) on which the Common Stock is listed on the date of determination (or the closing bid, if no sales were reported), as reported in The Wall Street Journal or such other source as the Administrator deems reliable.  If the determination date for the Fair Market Value occurs on a non-Trading Day (i.e., a weekend or holiday), the Fair Market Value will be such price on the immediately preceding Trading Day, unless otherwise determined by the Administrator.  In the absence of an established market for the Common Stock, the Fair Market Value thereof will be determined in good faith by the Administrator.

 

The determination of fair market value for purposes of tax withholding may be made in the Administrator’s discretion subject to Applicable Laws and is not required to be consistent with the determination of Fair Market Value for other purposes.

 

(w)                               Fiscal Year” means a fiscal year of the Company.

 

(x)                                 New Exercise Date” means a new Exercise Date if the Administrator shortens any Offering Period then in progress.

 

(y)                                  Offering” means an offer under the 423 Component or Non-423 Component of the Plan of an option that may be exercised during an Offering Period as further described in Section 4.  For purposes of the Plan, the Administrator may designate separate Offerings under the Plan (the terms of which need not be identical) in which Eligible Employees of one or more Employers will participate, even if the dates of the applicable Offering Periods of each such Offering are identical and the provisions of the Plan will separately apply to each Offering.  To the extent permitted by U.S. Treasury Regulation Section 1.423-2(a)(1), the terms of each Offering need not be identical provided that the terms of the Plan and an Offering together satisfy U.S. Treasury Regulation Section 1.423-2(a)(2) and (a)(3).

 

(z)                                   Offering Periods” means the periods of approximately twenty-four (24) months during which an option granted pursuant to the Plan may be exercised, commencing on the first Trading Day on or after June 11th and December 11th of each year and terminating on the last Trading Day on or before June 10th and December 10th, approximately twenty-four (24) months later; provided, however, that the first Offering Period under the Plan will commence with the first Trading Day on or after the date on which the Securities and Exchange Commission declares the Company’s Registration Statement effective and will end on the last Trading Day on or before June 10, 2021, and provided, further, that the second Offering Period under the Plan will commence on the first Trading Day on or after December 11, 2019.  The duration and timing of Offering Periods may be changed pursuant to Sections 4, 21 and 9.

 

(aa)                          Parent” means a “parent corporation,” whether now or hereafter existing, as defined in Section 424(e) of the Code.

 

(bb)                          Participant” means an Eligible Employee that participates in the Plan.

 

(cc)                            Plan” means this CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc. 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

 

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(dd)                          Purchase Period” means the periods during an Offering Period during which shares of Common Stock may be purchased on a Participant’s behalf in accordance with the terms of the Plan.  For the first Offering Period, Purchase Periods will (i) commence on the first Trading Day on or after the Registration Date and December 11, 2019 and (ii) terminate on the last Trading Day on or before December 10, 2019 and June 10, 2020, respectively.  Unless the Administrator provides otherwise, Purchase Periods for all other Offering Periods will (i) commence on the first Trading Day on or after June 11th and December 11th and (ii) terminate on the last Trading Day on or before December 10th of the same year and June 10th of the following year, respectively.

 

(ee)                            Purchase Price” means an amount equal to eighty-five percent (85%) of the Fair Market Value on the Enrollment Date or on the Exercise Date, whichever is lower; provided however, that the Purchase Price may be determined for subsequent Offering Periods by the Administrator subject to compliance with Section 423 of the Code (or any successor rule or provision or any other Applicable Law, regulation or stock exchange rule) or pursuant to Section 21.

 

(ff)                                Registration Date” means the effective date of the Registration Statement.

 

(gg)                          Registration Statement” means the registration statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for the initial public offering of the Common Stock.

 

(hh)                          Subsidiary” means a “subsidiary corporation,” whether now or hereafter existing, as defined in Section 424(f) of the Code.

 

(ii)                                Trading Day” means a day on which the national stock exchange upon which the Common Stock is listed is open for trading.

 

(jj)                                U.S. Treasury Regulations” means the Treasury regulations of the Code.  Reference to a specific Treasury Regulation will include such Treasury Regulation, the section of the Code under which such regulation was promulgated, and any comparable provision of any future legislation or regulation amending, supplementing, or superseding such section or regulation.

 

3.                                      Eligibility.

 

(a)                                 First Offering Period.  Any individual who is an Eligible Employee immediately prior to the first Offering Period will be automatically enrolled in the first Offering Period.

 

(b)                                 Subsequent Offering Periods.  Any Eligible Employee on a given Enrollment Date subsequent to the first Offering Period will be eligible to participate in the Plan, subject to the requirements of Section 5.

 

(c)                                  Non-U.S. Employees.  Eligible Employees who are citizens or residents of a non-U.S. jurisdiction (without regard to whether they also are citizens or residents of the United States or resident aliens (within the meaning of Section 7701(b)(1)(A) of the Code)) may be excluded from participation in the Plan or an Offering if the participation of such Eligible Employees is prohibited under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction or if complying with the laws

 

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of the applicable jurisdiction would cause the Plan or an Offering to violate Section 423 of the Code.  In the case of the Non-423 Component, Eligible Employees may be excluded from participation in the Plan or an Offering if the Administrator determines that participation of such Eligible Employees is not advisable or practicable.

 

(d)                                 Limitations.  Any provisions of the Plan to the contrary notwithstanding, no Eligible Employee will be granted an option under the 423 Component of the Plan (i) to the extent that, immediately after the grant, such Eligible Employee (or any other person whose stock would be attributed to such Eligible Employee pursuant to Section 424(d) of the Code) would own capital stock of the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company and/or hold outstanding options to purchase such stock possessing five percent (5%) or more of the total combined voting power or value of all classes of the capital stock of the Company or of any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company, or (ii) to the extent that his or her rights to purchase stock under all employee stock purchase plans (as defined in Section 423 of the Code) of the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company accrues at a rate, which exceeds twenty-five thousand dollars ($25,000) worth of stock (determined at the Fair Market Value of the stock at the time such option is granted) for each calendar year in which such option is outstanding at any time, as determined in accordance with Section 423 of the Code and the regulations thereunder.

 

4.                                      Offering Periods.  The Plan will be implemented by consecutive, overlapping Offering Periods with a new Offering Period commencing on the first Trading Day on or after June 11th and December 11th each year, or on such other dates as the Administrator will determine; provided, however, that the first Offering Period under the Plan will commence with the first Trading Day on or after the Registration Date and end on the last Trading Day on or before June 10, 2021, and provided, further, that the second Offering Period under the Plan will commence on the first Trading Day on or after December 11, 2019.  The Administrator will have the power to change the duration of Offering Periods (including the commencement dates thereof) with respect to future Offerings without stockholder approval if such change is announced prior to the scheduled beginning of the first Offering Period to be affected thereafter; provided, however, that no Offering Period may last more than twenty-seven (27) months.

 

5.                                      Participation.

 

(a)                                 First Offering Period.  An Eligible Employee as determined in accordance with Section 3 immediately prior to the first Offering Period will be automatically enrolled in the first Offering Period at a Contribution rate equal to fifteen percent (15%) of Compensation. Such Participant will be entitled to continue to participate in the first Offering Period pursuant to Section 3(a) only if such individual submits a subscription agreement authorizing Contributions in a form determined by the Administrator (which may be similar to the form attached hereto as Exhibit A) to the Company’s designated plan administrator (i) no earlier than the effective date of the Form S-8 registration statement with respect to the issuance of Common Stock under this Plan and (ii) no later than ten (10) business days following the effective date of such S-8 registration statement or such date as the Administrator may determine (the “Enrollment Window”). An Eligible Employee’s failure to submit the subscription agreement during the Enrollment Window will result in the automatic termination of such individual’s participation in the first Offering Period.

 

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(b)                                 Subsequent Offering Periods.  An Eligible Employee may participate in the Plan pursuant to Section 3(b) by (i) submitting to the Company’s stock administration office (or its designee) a properly completed subscription agreement (which may be similar to the form attached hereto as Exhibit B) authorizing Contributions in the form provided by the Administrator for such purpose or (ii) following an electronic or other enrollment procedure determined by the Administrator, in either case on or before a date determined by the Administrator prior to an applicable Enrollment Date.

 

6.                                      Contributions.

 

(a)                                 At the time a Participant enrolls in the Plan pursuant to Section 5, he or she will elect to have Contributions (in the form of payroll deductions or otherwise, to the extent permitted by the Administrator) made on each pay day during the Offering Period in an amount not exceeding fifteen percent (15%) of the Compensation that he or she receives on the pay day. (For illustrative purposes, should a pay day occur on an Exercise Date, a Participant will have any Contributions made on such day applied to his or her account under the then-current Purchase Period or Offering Period).  The Administrator, in its sole discretion, may permit all Participants in a specified Offering to contribute amounts to the Plan through payment by cash, check or other means set forth in the subscription agreement prior to each Exercise Date of each Purchase Period.  A Participant’s subscription agreement will remain in effect for successive Offering Periods unless terminated as provided in Section 11 hereof.

 

(b)                                 In the event Contributions are made in the form of payroll deductions, such payroll deductions for a Participant will commence on the first pay day following the Enrollment Date and will end on the last pay day on or prior to the last Exercise Date of such Offering Period to which such authorization is applicable, unless sooner terminated by the Participant as provided in Section 11 hereof; provided, however, that for the first Offering Period, payroll deductions will commence on the first pay day on or following the end of the Enrollment Window.

 

(c)                                  All Contributions made for a Participant will be credited to his or her account under the Plan and Contributions will be made in whole percentages of his or her Compensation only.  A Participant may not make any additional payments into such account.

 

(d)                                 A Participant may discontinue his or her participation in the Plan as provided under Section 11.  Unless otherwise determined by the Administrator, during a Purchase Period, a Participant may not increase the rate of his or her Contributions and may only decrease the rate of his or her Contributions one (1) time and such decrease must be to a Contribution rate between one percent (1%) and fifteen percent (15%). Subject to Section 423(b)(8) of the Code and Section 3(d) hereof, after a Participant elects to decrease his or her rate of Contributions, Contributions will continue at the decreased rate at the beginning of any subsequent Purchase Periods and Offering Periods, unless terminated by the Participant as provided in Section 11. A Participant may increase their Contribution rate at the beginning of a new Purchase Period or Offering Period by following the subscription change procedures described in Section 6(f) below.

 

(e)                                  Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent necessary to comply with Section 423(b)(8) of the Code and Section 3(d), a Participant may decrease his or her Contribution

 

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rate to zero percent (0%) at any time during a Purchase Period. If a Participant decreases the rate of his or her Contributions to zero percent (0%) however, he or she will be withdrawn from that Offering Period and all prior Contributions made during such Offering Period will be refunded to the Participant.

 

(f)                                    Any change to a Participant’s Contribution rate as described in Sections 6(d) and 6(e) requires the Participant (i) properly completing and submitting to the Company’s stock administration office (or its designee) a new subscription agreement authorizing the change in Contribution rate in the form provided by the Administrator for such purpose or (ii) following an electronic or other procedure prescribed by the Administrator, in either case on or before a date determined by the Administrator prior to an applicable Exercise Date.  If a Participant has not followed such procedures to change the rate of Contributions, the rate of his or her Contributions will continue at the originally elected rate throughout the Purchase Period and future Offering Periods and Purchase Periods (unless the Participant’s participation is terminated as provided in Sections 11 or 12).  The Administrator may, in its sole discretion, amend the nature and/or number of Contribution rate changes that may be made by Participants during any Offering Period or Purchase Period and may establish other conditions or limitations as it deems appropriate for Plan administration.  Any change in the rate of Contributions made pursuant to this Section 6(f) will be effective as of the first (1st) full payroll period following five (5) business days after the date on which the change is made by the Participant (unless the Administrator, in its sole discretion, elects to process a given change in payroll deduction rate more quickly).

 

(g)                                 Notwithstanding any provisions to the contrary in the Plan, the Administrator may allow Participants to make Contributions via cash contributions instead of payroll deductions if (i) payroll deductions are prohibited or otherwise problematic under Applicable Law, (ii) the Administrator determines that cash contributions are permissible under Section 423 of the Code or (iii) the Participants are participating in the Non-423 Component. Any reference to “payroll deductions” in this section (or any other section of the Plan) shall similarly cover contributions by other means made pursuant to this Section 6(g).

 

(h)                                 At the time the option is exercised, in whole or in part, or at the time some or all of the Common Stock issued under the Plan is disposed of (or any other time that a taxable event related to the Plan occurs), the Participant must make adequate provision for the Company’s or Employer’s federal, state, local or any other tax liability payable to any authority including taxes imposed by jurisdictions outside of the U.S., national insurance, social security or other tax withholding obligations, if any, which arise upon the exercise of the option or the disposition of the Common Stock (or any other time that a taxable event related to the Plan occurs).  At any time, the Company or the Employer may, but will not be obligated to, withhold from the Participant’s compensation the amount necessary for the Company or the Employer to meet applicable withholding obligations, including any withholding required to make available to the Company or the Employer any tax deductions or benefits attributable to sale or early disposition of Common Stock by the Eligible Employee.  In addition, the Company or the Employer may, but will not be obligated to, withhold from the proceeds of the sale of Common Stock or any other method of withholding the Company or the Employer deems appropriate to the extent permitted by U.S.

 

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Treasury Regulation Section 1.423-2(f).  The Company shall not be required to issue any Common Stock until such obligations are satisfied.

 

7.                                      Grant of Option.  On the Enrollment Date of each Offering Period, each Eligible Employee participating in such Offering Period will be granted an option to purchase on each Exercise Date during such Offering Period (at the applicable Purchase Price) up to a number of shares of Common Stock determined by dividing such Eligible Employee’s Contributions accumulated prior to such Exercise Date and retained in the Eligible Employee’s account as of the Exercise Date by the applicable Purchase Price; provided that in no event will an Eligible Employee be permitted to purchase during each Purchase Period more than 2,500 shares of Common Stock (subject to any adjustment pursuant to Section 20) and provided further that such purchase will be subject to the limitations set forth in Sections 3(d) and 14.  The Eligible Employee may accept the grant of such option (i) with respect to the first Offering Period by submitting a properly completed subscription agreement in accordance with the requirements of Section 5(a) on or before the last day of the Enrollment Window, and (ii) with respect to any subsequent Offering Period under the Plan, by electing to participate in the Plan in accordance with the requirements of Section 5(b).  The Administrator may, for future Offering Periods, increase or decrease, in its absolute discretion, the maximum number of shares of Common Stock that an Eligible Employee may purchase during each Purchase Period.  Exercise of the option will occur as provided in Section 8, unless the Participant has withdrawn pursuant to Section 11.  The option will expire on the last day of the Offering Period.

 

8.                                      Exercise of Option.

 

(a)                                 Unless a Participant withdraws from the Plan as provided in Section 11, his or her option for the purchase of shares of Common Stock will be exercised automatically on each Exercise Date, and the maximum number of full shares subject to the option will be purchased for such Participant at the applicable Purchase Price with the accumulated Contributions from his or her account.  No fractional shares of Common Stock will be purchased; any Contributions accumulated in a Participant’s account, which are not sufficient to purchase a full share as of the Exercise Date will be returned to the Participant.  Any other funds left over in a Participant’s account after the Exercise Date will be returned to the Participant.  During a Participant’s lifetime, a Participant’s option to purchase shares hereunder is exercisable only by him or her.

 

(b)                                 If the Administrator determines that, on a given Exercise Date, the number of shares of Common Stock with respect to which options are to be exercised may exceed (i) the number of shares of Common Stock that were available for sale under the Plan on the Enrollment Date of the applicable Offering Period, or (ii) the number of shares of Common Stock available for sale under the Plan on such Exercise Date, the Administrator may in its sole discretion (x) provide that the Company will make a pro rata allocation of the shares of Common Stock available for purchase on such Enrollment Date or Exercise Date, as applicable, in as uniform a manner as will be practicable and as it will determine in its sole discretion to be equitable among all Participants exercising options to purchase Common Stock on such Exercise Date, and continue all Offering Periods then in effect or (y) provide that the Company will make a pro rata allocation of the shares of Common Stock available for purchase on such Enrollment Date or Exercise Date, as applicable, in as uniform a manner as will be practicable and as it will determine in its sole discretion to be equitable among all participants exercising options to purchase Common Stock on such Exercise

 

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Date, and terminate any or all Offering Periods then in effect pursuant to Section 21.  The Company may make a pro rata allocation of the shares available on the Enrollment Date of any applicable Offering Period pursuant to the preceding sentence, notwithstanding any authorization of additional shares for issuance under the Plan by the Company’s stockholders subsequent to such Enrollment Date.

 

9.                                      Automatic Transfer to Low Price Offering Period.  To the extent permitted by Applicable Laws, if the Fair Market Value on any Exercise Date in an Offering Period is lower than the Fair Market Value on the Enrollment Date of such Offering Period, then all Participants in such Offering Period automatically will be withdrawn from such Offering Period immediately after the exercise of their option on such Exercise Date and automatically re-enrolled in the immediately following Offering Period as of the first day thereof.

 

10.                               Delivery.  As soon as reasonably practicable after each Exercise Date on which a purchase of shares of Common Stock occurs, the Company will arrange the delivery to each Participant of the shares purchased upon exercise of his or her option in a form determined by the Administrator (in its sole discretion) and pursuant to rules established by the Administrator.  The Company may permit or require that shares be deposited directly with a Designated Broker, and the Company may utilize electronic or automated methods of share transfer.  The Company may require that shares be retained with such Designated Broker for a designated period of time and/or may establish other procedures to permit tracking of disqualifying dispositions of such shares.  No Participant will have any voting, dividend, or other stockholder rights with respect to shares of Common Stock subject to any option granted under the Plan until such shares have been purchased and delivered to the Participant as provided in this Section 10.

 

11.                               Withdrawal.

 

(a)                                 A Participant may withdraw all but not less than all the Contributions credited to his or her account and not yet used to exercise his or her option under the Plan at any time by (i) submitting to the Company’s stock administration office (or its designee) a written notice of withdrawal in the form determined by the Administrator for such purpose (which may be similar to the form attached hereto as Exhibit C), or (ii) following an electronic or other withdrawal procedure determined by the Administrator.  The Administrator may set forth a deadline of when a withdrawal must occur to be effective prior to a given Exercise Date in accordance with policies it may approve from time to time.  All of the Participant’s Contributions credited to his or her account will be paid to such Participant promptly after receipt of notice of withdrawal and such Participant’s option for the Offering Period will be automatically terminated, and no further Contributions for the purchase of shares will be made for such Offering Period. If a Participant withdraws from an Offering Period, Contributions will not resume at the beginning of the succeeding Offering Period, unless the Participant re-enrolls in the Plan in accordance with the provisions of Section 5.

 

(b)                                 A Participant’s withdrawal from an Offering Period will not have any effect on his or her eligibility to participate in any similar plan that may hereafter be adopted by the Company or in succeeding Offering Periods that commence after the termination of the Offering Period from which the Participant withdraws. The Committee, in its sole discretion, may impose limits on the number of withdrawals and re-enrollments a Participant may engage in.

 

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12.                               Termination of Employment.  Upon a Participant’s ceasing to be an Eligible Employee, for any reason, he or she will be deemed to have elected to withdraw from the Plan and the Contributions credited to such Participant’s account during the Offering Period but not yet used to purchase shares of Common Stock under the Plan will be returned to such Participant or, in the case of his or her death, to the person or persons entitled thereto under Section 16, and such Participant’s option will be automatically terminated.  Unless determined otherwise by the Administrator in a manner that, with respect to an Offering under the 423 Component, is permitted by, and compliant with, Section 423 of the Code, a Participant whose employment transfers between entities through a termination with an immediate rehire (with no break in service) by the Company or a Designated Company shall not be treated as terminated under the Plan; however, no Participant shall be deemed to switch from an Offering under the Non-423 Component to an Offering under the 423 Component or vice versa unless (and then only to the extent) such switch would not cause the 423 Component or any Option thereunder to fail to comply with Section 423 of the Code.  The Administrator may establish different and/or additional rules governing transfers between separate Offerings within the 423 Component and between Offerings under the 423 Component and Offerings under the Non-423 Component.

 

13.                               Interest.  No interest will accrue on the Contributions of a participant in the Plan, except as may be required by Applicable Law, as determined by the Company, and if so required by the laws of a particular jurisdiction, will apply to all Participants in the relevant Offering under the 423 Component, except to the extent otherwise permitted by U.S. Treasury Regulation Section 1.423-2(f).

 

14.                               Stock.

 

(a)                                 Subject to adjustment upon changes in capitalization of the Company as provided in Section 20 hereof, the maximum number of shares of Common Stock that will be made available for sale under the Plan will be 3,500,000 shares of Common Stock.  The number of shares of Common Stock available for issuance under the Plan will be increased on the first day of each Fiscal Year beginning with the 2020 Fiscal Year equal to the least of (i) one percent (1%) of the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B common stock on the last day of the immediately preceding Fiscal Year or (ii) an amount determined by the Administrator.

 

(b)                                 Until the shares of Common Stock are issued (as evidenced by the appropriate entry on the books of the Company or of a duly authorized transfer agent of the Company), a Participant will have only the rights of an unsecured creditor with respect to such shares, and no right to vote or receive dividends or any other rights as a stockholder will exist with respect to such shares.

 

(c)                                  Shares of Common Stock to be delivered to a Participant under the Plan will be registered in the name of the Participant or in the name of the Participant and his or her spouse.

 

15.                               Administration.  The Plan will be administered by the Committee, which Committee will be constituted to comply with Applicable Laws.  The Administrator will have full and exclusive discretionary authority to construe, interpret and apply the terms of the Plan, to delegate (to the extent permitted by applicable law) some or all of its authority under the Plan to one or more officers

 

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of the Company and to one or more committees of the Board (which may consist of one or more directors) and delegate ministerial duties to any of the Company’s employees, to designate separate Offerings under the Plan, to designate Subsidiaries and Affiliates of the Company as participating in the 423 Component or Non-423 Component, to determine eligibility, to adjudicate all disputed claims filed under the Plan and to establish such procedures that it deems necessary or advisable for the administration of the Plan (including, without limitation, to adopt such procedures, sub-plans and special rules as are necessary or appropriate to permit the participation in the Plan by employees who are foreign nationals or employed outside the U.S., the terms of which sub-plans may take precedence over other provisions of this Plan, with the exception of Section 14(a) hereof, but unless otherwise superseded by the terms of such sub-plan, the provisions of this Plan will govern the operation of such sub-plan).  Unless otherwise determined by the Administrator, the Eligible Employees eligible to participate in each sub-plan will participate in a separate Offering or in the Non-423 Component, unless such designation would cause the 423 Component to violate the requirements of Section 423 of the Code.  Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Administrator is specifically authorized to adopt rules and procedures regarding eligibility to participate, the definition of Compensation, handling of Contributions, making of Contributions to the Plan (including, without limitation, in forms other than payroll deductions), establishment of bank or trust accounts to hold Contributions, payment of interest, conversion of local currency, obligations to pay payroll tax, determination of beneficiary designation requirements, withholding procedures and handling of stock certificates that vary with applicable local requirements.  The Administrator also is authorized to determine that, to the extent permitted by U.S. Treasury Regulation Section 1.423-2(f), the terms of an option granted under the Plan or an Offering to citizens or residents of a non-U.S. jurisdiction will be less favorable than the terms of options granted under the Plan or the same Offering to employees resident solely in the U.S.  Every finding, decision, and determination made by the Administrator will, to the full extent permitted by law, be final and binding upon all parties.

 

16.                               Designation of Beneficiary.

 

(a)                                 If permitted by the Administrator, a Participant may file a designation of a beneficiary who is to receive any shares of Common Stock and cash, if any, from the Participant’s account under the Plan in the event of such Participant’s death subsequent to an Exercise Date on which the option is exercised but prior to delivery to such Participant of such shares and cash.  In addition, if permitted by the Administrator, a Participant may file a designation of a beneficiary who is to receive any cash from the Participant’s account under the Plan in the event of such Participant’s death prior to exercise of the option.  If a Participant is married and the designated beneficiary is not the spouse, spousal consent will be required for such designation to be effective.

 

(b)                                 Such designation of beneficiary may be changed by the Participant at any time by notice in a form determined by the Administrator.  In the event of the death of a Participant and in the absence of a beneficiary validly designated under the Plan who is living at the time of such Participant’s death, the Company will deliver such shares and/or cash to the executor or administrator of the estate of the Participant, or if no such executor or administrator has been appointed (to the knowledge of the Company), the Company, in its discretion, may deliver such shares and/or cash to the spouse or to any one or more dependents or relatives of the Participant, or if

 

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no spouse, dependent or relative is known to the Company, then to such other person as the Company may designate.

 

(c)                                  All beneficiary designations will be in such form and manner as the Administrator may designate from time to time.  Notwithstanding Sections 16(a) and 16(b) above, the Company and/or the Administrator may decide not to permit such designations by Participants in non-U.S. jurisdictions to the extent permitted by U.S. Treasury Regulation Section 1.423-2(f).

 

17.                               Transferability.  Neither Contributions credited to a Participant’s account nor any rights with regard to the exercise of an option or to receive shares of Common Stock under the Plan may be assigned, transferred, pledged or otherwise disposed of in any way (other than by will, the laws of descent and distribution or as provided in Section 16) by the Participant.  Any such attempt at assignment, transfer, pledge or other disposition will be without effect, except that the Company may treat such act as an election to withdraw funds from an Offering Period in accordance with Section 11 hereof.

 

18.                               Use of Funds.  The Company may use all Contributions received or held by it under the Plan for any corporate purpose, and the Company will not be obligated to segregate such Contributions except under Offerings or for Participants in the Non-423 Component for which Applicable Laws require that Contributions to the Plan by Participants be segregated from the Company’s general corporate funds and/or deposited with an independent third party.  Until shares of Common Stock are issued, Participants will have only the rights of an unsecured creditor with respect to such shares.

 

19.                               Reports.  Individual accounts will be maintained for each Participant in the Plan.  Statements of account will be given to participating Eligible Employees at least annually, which statements will set forth the amounts of Contributions, the Purchase Price, the number of shares of Common Stock purchased and the remaining cash balance, if any.

 

20.                               Adjustments, Dissolution, Liquidation, Merger, or Change in Control.

 

(a)                                 Adjustments.  In the event that any dividend or other distribution (whether in the form of cash, Common Stock, other securities, or other property), recapitalization, stock split, reverse stock split, reorganization, merger, consolidation, split-up, spin-off, combination, repurchase, or exchange of Common Stock or other securities of the Company, or other change in the corporate structure of the Company affecting the Common Stock occurs, the Administrator, in order to prevent dilution or enlargement of the benefits or potential benefits intended to be made available under the Plan, will, in such manner as it may deem equitable, adjust the number and class of Common Stock that may be delivered under the Plan, the Purchase Price per share and the number of shares of Common Stock covered by each option under the Plan that has not yet been exercised, and the numerical limits of Sections 7 and 14.

 

(b)                                 Dissolution or Liquidation.  In the event of the proposed dissolution or liquidation of the Company, any Offering Period then in progress will be shortened by setting a New Exercise Date, and will terminate immediately prior to the consummation of such proposed dissolution or liquidation, unless provided otherwise by the Administrator.  The New Exercise Date

 

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will be before the date of the Company’s proposed dissolution or liquidation.  The Administrator will notify each Participant in writing or electronically, prior to the New Exercise Date, that the Exercise Date for the Participant’s option has been changed to the New Exercise Date and that the Participant’s option will be exercised automatically on the New Exercise Date, unless prior to such date the Participant has withdrawn from the Offering Period as provided in Section 11 hereof.

 

(c)                                  Merger or Change in Control.  In the event of a merger or Change in Control, each outstanding option will be assumed or an equivalent option substituted by the successor corporation or a Parent or Subsidiary of the successor corporation.  In the event that the successor corporation refuses to assume or substitute for the option, the Offering Period with respect to which such option relates will be shortened by setting a New Exercise Date on which such Offering Period will end.  The New Exercise Date will occur before the date of the Company’s proposed merger or Change in Control.  The Administrator will notify each Participant in writing or electronically prior to the New Exercise Date, that the Exercise Date for the Participant’s option has been changed to the New Exercise Date and that the Participant’s option will be exercised automatically on the New Exercise Date, unless prior to such date the Participant has withdrawn from the Offering Period as provided in Section 11 hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event of a merger or Change in Control, the Administrator may elect to terminate all outstanding Offering Periods in accordance with Section 21.

 

21.                               Amendment or Termination.

 

(a)                                 The Administrator, in its sole discretion, may amend, suspend, or terminate the Plan, or any part thereof, at any time and for any reason.  If the Plan is terminated, the Administrator, in its discretion, may elect to terminate all outstanding Offering Periods either immediately or upon completion of the purchase of shares of Common Stock on the next Exercise Date (which may be sooner than originally scheduled, if determined by the Administrator in its discretion), or may elect to permit Offering Periods to expire in accordance with their terms (and subject to any adjustment pursuant to Section 20).  If the Offering Periods are terminated prior to expiration, all amounts then credited to Participants’ accounts that have not been used to purchase shares of Common Stock will be returned to the Participants (without interest thereon, except as otherwise required under Applicable Laws, as further set forth in Section 13 hereof) as soon as administratively practicable.

 

(b)                                 Without stockholder consent and without limiting Section 21(a), the Administrator will be entitled to change the Offering Periods or Purchase Periods, designate separate Offerings, limit the frequency and/or number of changes in the amount withheld during an Offering Period, establish the exchange ratio applicable to amounts withheld in a currency other than U.S. dollars, permit Contributions in excess of the amount designated by a Participant in order to adjust for delays or mistakes in the Company’s processing of properly completed Contribution elections, establish reasonable waiting and adjustment periods and/or accounting and crediting procedures to ensure that amounts applied toward the purchase of Common Stock for each Participant properly correspond with Contribution amounts, and establish such other limitations or procedures as the Administrator determines in its sole discretion advisable that are consistent with the Plan.

 

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(c)                                  In the event the Administrator determines that the ongoing operation of the Plan may result in unfavorable financial accounting consequences, the Administrator may, in its discretion and, to the extent necessary or desirable, modify, amend or terminate the Plan to reduce or eliminate such accounting consequence including, but not limited to:

 

(i)                                     amending the Plan to conform with the safe harbor definition under the Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718 (or any successor thereto), including with respect to an Offering Period underway at the time;

 

(ii)                                  altering the Purchase Price for any Offering Period or Purchase Period including an Offering Period or Purchase Period underway at the time of the change in Purchase Price;

 

(iii)                               shortening any Offering Period or Purchase Period by setting a New Exercise Date, including an Offering Period or Purchase Period underway at the time of the Administrator action;

 

(iv)                              reducing the maximum percentage of Compensation a Participant may elect to set aside as Contributions; and

 

(v)                                 reducing the maximum number of shares of Common Stock a Participant may purchase during any Offering Period or Purchase Period.

 

Such modifications or amendments will not require stockholder approval or the consent of any Participants.

 

22.                               Notices.  All notices or other communications by a Participant to the Company under or in connection with the Plan will be deemed to have been duly given when received in the form and manner specified by the Company at the location, or by the person, designated by the Company for the receipt thereof.

 

23.                               Conditions Upon Issuance of Shares.  Shares of Common Stock will not be issued with respect to an option unless the exercise of such option and the issuance and delivery of such shares pursuant thereto will comply with all applicable provisions of law, domestic or foreign, including, without limitation, the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Exchange Act, the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and the requirements of any stock exchange upon which the shares may then be listed, and will be further subject to the approval of counsel for the Company with respect to such compliance.

 

As a condition to the exercise of an option, the Company may require the person exercising such option to represent and warrant at the time of any such exercise that the shares are being purchased only for investment and without any present intention to sell or distribute such shares if, in the opinion of counsel for the Company, such a representation is required by any of the aforementioned applicable provisions of law.

 

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24.                               Code Section 409A.  The 423 Component of the Plan is exempt from the application of Code Section 409A and any ambiguities herein will be interpreted to so be exempt from Code Section 409A.  In furtherance of the foregoing and notwithstanding any provision in the Plan to the contrary, if the Administrator determines that an option granted under the Plan may be subject to Code Section 409A or that any provision in the Plan would cause an option under the Plan to be subject to Code Section 409A, the Administrator may amend the terms of the Plan and/or of an outstanding option granted under the Plan, or take such other action the Administrator determines is necessary or appropriate, in each case, without the Participant’s consent, to exempt any outstanding option or future option that may be granted under the Plan from or to allow any such options to comply with Code Section 409A, but only to the extent any such amendments or action by the Administrator would not violate Code Section 409A.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company and any Parent, Subsidiary or Affiliate will have no liability to a Participant or any other party if the option to purchase Common Stock under the Plan that is intended to be exempt from or compliant with Code Section 409A is not so exempt or compliant or for any action taken by the Administrator with respect thereto.  The Company makes no representation that the option to purchase Common Stock under the Plan is compliant with Code Section 409A.

 

25.                               Term of Plan.  The Plan will become effective upon the later to occur of (i) its adoption by the Board or (ii) the business day immediately prior to the Registration Date.  It will continue in effect for a term of ten (10) years, unless sooner terminated under Section 21.

 

26.                               Stockholder Approval.  The Plan will be subject to approval by the stockholders of the Company within twelve (12) months after the date the Plan is adopted by the Board.  Such stockholder approval will be obtained in the manner and to the degree required under Applicable Laws.

 

27.                               Governing Law.  The Plan will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware (except its choice-of-law provisions).

 

28.                               No Right to Employment.  Participation in the Plan by a Participant will not be construed as giving a Participant the right to be retained as an employee of the Company or a Subsidiary or Affiliate of the Company, as applicable.  Further, the Company or a Subsidiary or Affiliate of the Company may dismiss a Participant from employment at any time, free from any liability or any claim under the Plan.

 

29.                               Severability.  If any provision of the Plan is or becomes or is deemed to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable for any reason in any jurisdiction or as to any Participant, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability will not affect the remaining parts of the Plan, and the Plan will be construed and enforced as to such jurisdiction or Participant as if the invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision had not been included.

 

30.                               Compliance with Applicable Laws.  The terms of this Plan are intended to comply with all Applicable Laws and will be construed accordingly.

 

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31.                               Data Protection.

 

(a)                                 Personal Data Processing. By participating in the Plan, the Participant understands and acknowledges that it is necessary for the Company, Parent and any of its Subsidiaries and affiliates to collect, use, disclose, hold, transfer and otherwise process certain personal information about the Participant, including, but not limited to, the Participant’s Data, or other personal information as described in a subscription agreement or any other materials or as otherwise provided to the Company or any Parent, Subsidiary or affiliate for the purpose of implementing, administering and managing the Plan.  Any such processing will be carried out in accordance with the Company’s legitimate interest in administering the Plan and only to the extent permitted by and in full compliance with any applicable data protection laws and regulations. A Participant’s failure or refusal to provide or update such Participant’s Data (or to agree to the terms and conditions of the Plan) may result in the Company being unable to administer the Plan in respect of such Participant. A Participant’s Data will be retained by the Company for as long as such Participant participates in the Plan and/or holds shares in the Company, and thereafter, to the extent necessary to fulfill lawful purposes or as long as required by applicable law, which is generally seven (7) years. These purposes include:

 

(i)                                    administering and maintaining Participant records;

 

(ii)                                providing information to the Company or any Parent, Subsidiary or affiliate, trustees of any employee benefit trust, registrars, brokers or third-party administrators of the Plan;

 

(iii)                            providing information to future purchasers or merger partners of the Company or any affiliate, or the business in which the Participant works; and

 

(iv)                              transferring information about the Participant to any country or territory that may not provide the same protection for the information as the Participant’s home country.

 

(b)                                 Disclosure. The Company may transfer a Participant’s Data amongst its Parent, Subsidiaries or affiliates and service providers, acting as processors or joint data controllers, including the Designated Broker, stock plan administrator or other similar services entity (a “Stock Plan Administrator”) that is an independent service provider based in the United States assisting the Company with the implementation, administration and management of the Plan.  The Stock Plan Administrator may open an account for a Participant to receive and trade shares. A Participant may be asked to acknowledge, or agree to, separate terms and data processing practices with the Stock Plan Administrator. In the future, the Company may select a different service provider or additional service providers and share Data with such other provider(s) serving the Company in a similar manner.

 

(c)                                  International Transfer. A Participant’s Data may be transferred from such Participant’s country to other jurisdictions, including the United States. The Participant understands and acknowledges that such jurisdictions might have enacted data privacy laws that are less protective or otherwise different from those applicable in the Participant’s country of residence. The Company shall take reasonable steps to ensure that the Participant’s Data is legally transferred and continues to be adequately protected and securely held. If the Participant’s

 

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Data is subject to the data protection laws of the European Economic Area, including the United Kingdom (the “EEA”), the Company shall rely upon an adequate mechanism for the international transfer and subsequent onward transfers of personal data. The Company is certified to the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield Program.

 

(d)                                 Data Subject Rights.  Subject to the nature of the data, the purpose and nature of the processing, and any lawful bases of the Company, the Participant understands that he or she may have a number of rights under data privacy laws in the Participant’s jurisdiction.  Subject to the conditions set out in the applicable law and depending on where the Participant is based, such rights may include the right to (i) request access to or copies of Data processed by the Company, (ii) rectification of incorrect Data, (iii) deletion of Data, (iv) restrictions on the processing of Data, (v) object to the processing of Data for legitimate interests, (vi) portability of Data, (vii) lodge complaints with competent authorities in the Participant’s jurisdiction, and/or (viii) receive a list with the names and addresses of any potential recipients of the Participant’s Data. To receive clarification regarding these rights or to exercise these rights, the Participant may contact the Company.

 

(e)                                  Data Controller and Data Protection Officer. The data controller is CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc., located 150 Mathilda Place, Suite 300, Sunnyvale, California 94086, United States of America, and the data privacy officer can be contacted at Vice President, Privacy, 150 Mathilda Place, Suite 300, Sunnyvale, California 94086, or at privacy@crowdstrike.com.

 

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EXHIBIT A

 

CROWDSTRIKE HOLDINGS, INC.

2019 EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN

GLOBAL SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT FOR FIRST OFFERING PERIOD

 

           Original Application

Offering Date:

           Change in Payroll Deduction Rate

 

1.                                   (“Employee”) hereby elects to participate in the CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc. 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “Plan”) and subscribes to purchase shares of the Company’s Common Stock in accordance with this Global Subscription Agreement, including the attached Additional Terms and Conditions and any country-specific terms set forth in the addendum hereto (the “Country Addendum”) (collectively, the “Subscription Agreement”) and the Plan.  Unless otherwise defined herein, the terms defined in the Plan shall have the same defined meanings in this Subscription Agreement.

 

2.              For purposes of the first Offering Period, Employee understands that he or she is automatically enrolled in the Plan at a Contribution rate equal to 15% of his or her Compensation (as defined in the Plan). Employee hereby authorizes the Administrator to either (i) continue enrollment at the maximum 15% Contribution rate or (ii) continue enrollment, but decrease the Contribution rate. Employee will be automatically withdrawn from participating in the first Offering Period if no Subscription Agreement is submitted. If continuing in the Plan, Contributions will be made by withholding the selected Contribution percentage of the Employee’s Compensation on each payday during the applicable Offering Period in accordance with the Plan.

 

o      continue Employee Contribution rate at 15%.

o      decrease Employee Contribution rate to      % (the reduced percentage must be a whole number from 1% to 14%).

 

3.              Employee understands that said payroll deductions will be accumulated for the purchase of shares of Common Stock at the applicable Purchase Price determined in accordance with the Plan.  Employee understands that if he or she does not withdraw from an Offering Period, any accumulated payroll deductions will be used to automatically exercise his or her option and purchase Common Stock under the Plan.

 

4.              Employee has received a copy of the complete Plan and its accompanying prospectus.  Employee understands that his or her participation in the Plan is in all respects subject to the terms of the Plan.

 

5.              Shares of Common Stock purchased by Employee under the Plan should be issued in the name(s) of               (Employee or Employee and Spouse only).

 

6.              If Employee is subject to tax in the United States, Employee understands that if he or she disposes of any shares that he or she purchased under the Plan within two (2) years after the Enrollment Date (the first day of the Offering Period during which he or she purchased such shares)

 

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or one (1) year after the applicable Exercise Date, he or she will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as having received ordinary income at the time of such disposition in an amount equal to the excess of the fair market value of the shares at the time such shares were purchased over the price paid for the shares.  Employee hereby agrees to notify the Company in writing within thirty (30) days after the date of any disposition of such shares and to make adequate provision for U.S. federal, state or other tax withholding obligations, if any, that arise upon the disposition of such shares.  The Company may, but will not be obligated to, withhold from Employee’s compensation the amount necessary to meet any applicable withholding obligation, including any withholding necessary to make available to the Company any tax deductions or benefits attributable to Employee’s sale or early disposition of such shares.  Employee understands that if he or she disposes of such shares at any time after the expiration of the two (2)-year and one (1)-year holding periods, he or she will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as having received income only at the time of such disposition, and that such income will be taxed as ordinary income only to the extent of an amount equal to the lesser of (i) the excess of the fair market value of the shares at the time of such disposition over the Purchase Price paid for the shares or (ii) fifteen percent (15%) of the fair market value of the shares on the first day of the Offering Period.  The remainder of the gain, if any, recognized on such disposition will be taxed as capital gain.

 

7.              Employee hereby agrees to be bound by the terms of the Plan.  The effectiveness of this Subscription Agreement is dependent upon Employee’s eligibility to participate in the Plan.

 

Employee’s ID Number:

Employee’s Address:

 

 

 

EMPLOYEE UNDERSTANDS THAT THIS SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT WILL REMAIN IN EFFECT THROUGHOUT SUCCESSIVE OFFERING PERIODS UNLESS TERMINATED BY EMPLOYEE OR UNLESS EMPLOYEE CEASES TO BE AN ELIGIBLE EMPLOYEE FOR ANY REASON.

 

 

Dated:

 

 

Signature of Employee

 

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ADDITIONAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS

 

Capitalized terms used but not defined in these Additional Terms and Conditions shall have the meanings set forth in the Plan and/or the Global Subscription Agreement.

 

1.                                      Responsibility for Taxes.

 

(a)                                 Employee acknowledges that, regardless of any action taken by the Company or, if different, Employee’s employer (the “Employer”), the ultimate liability for all income tax, social insurance, payroll tax, fringe benefits tax, payment on account or other tax-related items related to Employee’s participation in the Plan and legally applicable to Employee (“Tax-Related Items”) is and remains Employee’s responsibility and may exceed the amount, if any, actually withheld by the Company or the Employer.  Employee further acknowledges that the Company and/or the Employer (i) make no representations or undertakings regarding the treatment of any Tax-Related Items in connection with any aspect of the Plan, including, but not limited to, the grant of the option to purchase shares of Common Stock, the purchase of shares of Common Stock, the issuance or disposition of shares of Common Stock purchased under the Plan or the receipt of any dividends and (ii) do not commit to and are under no obligation to structure the terms of the option or any aspect of the Plan to reduce or eliminate Employee’s liability for Tax-Related Items or achieve any particular tax result.  Further, if Employee is subject to Tax-Related Items in more than one jurisdiction, Employee acknowledges that the Company and/or the Employer (or former employer, as applicable) may be required to withhold or account for Tax-Related Items in more than one jurisdiction.

 

(b)                                 Prior to any relevant taxable or tax withholding event, as applicable, Employee agrees to make arrangements satisfactory to the Company and/or the Employer to satisfy all Tax-Related Items.  In this regard, Employee authorizes the Company and/or the Employer to satisfy any applicable withholding obligations with regard to any Tax-Related Items by one or a combination of the following: (i) withholding from Employee’s wages or other cash compensation payable to Employee by the Company and/or the Employer, (ii) withholding from proceeds of the sale of shares of Common Stock under the Plan, either through a voluntary sale or through a mandatory sale arranged by the Company (on Employee’s behalf pursuant to this authorization without further consent), (iii) withholding from shares of Common Stock otherwise issuable upon purchase, or (iv) any other method determined by the Company and compliant with applicable law.

 

(c)                                  The Company may withhold or account for Tax-Related Items by considering statutory withholding amounts or other withholding rates, including maximum applicable rates in Employee’s jurisdiction(s), in which case Employee may receive a refund of any over-withheld amount in cash and will have no entitlement to the equivalent in shares of Common Stock.  If the obligation for Tax-Related Items is satisfied by withholding in shares of Common Stock, for tax purposes, Employee will be deemed to have been issued the full number of shares of Common Stock subject to the purchase, notwithstanding that a number of shares of Common Stock are held back solely for the purpose of satisfying the Tax-Related Items.

 

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(d)                                 Finally, Employee agrees to pay to the Company or the Employer any amount of Tax-Related Items that the Company or the Employer may be required to withhold or account for as a result of Employee’s participation in the Plan that cannot be satisfied by the means previously described.  The Company may refuse to purchase or deliver the shares of Common Stock or the proceeds of the sale of shares of Common Stock if Employee fails to comply with his or her obligations in connection with the Tax-Related Items.

 

2.                                      Nature of Grant.  By enrolling and participating in the Plan, Employee acknowledges, understands and agrees that:

 

(a)                                 the Plan is established voluntarily by the Company and is discretionary in nature;

 

(b)                                 the grant of the option to purchase shares of Common Stock is exceptional, voluntary and does not create any contractual or other right to receive future options to purchase shares of Common Stock or benefits in lieu of options to purchase shares of Common Stock, even if options to purchase shares of Common Stock have been granted in the past;

 

(c)                                  all decisions with respect to future grants of options to purchase shares of Common Stock under the Plan or other grants, if any, will be at the sole discretion of the Company;

 

(d)                                 the option to purchase shares of Common Stock and Employee’s participation in the Plan shall not create a right to employment or be interpreted as forming or amending an employment or service contract with the Company, the Employer or any Subsidiary or Affiliate and shall not interfere with the ability of the Company or the Employer to terminate Employee’s employment relationship (if any);

 

(e)                                  Employee is voluntarily participating in the Plan;

 

(f)                                   the option to purchase shares of Common Stock and any shares of Common Stock acquired under the Plan, and the income from and value of same, are not intended to replace any pension rights or compensation;

 

(g)                                  the option to purchase shares of Common Stock and any shares of Common Stock acquired under the Plan, and the income from and value of same, are not part of normal or expected compensation or salary for any purpose, including, without limitation, calculating any severance, resignation, termination, redundancy, dismissal, end-of-service payments, holiday pay, bonuses, long-service awards, leave-related payments, pension or retirement or welfare benefits or similar mandatory payments;

 

(h)                                 unless otherwise agreed with the Company, the option to purchase shares of Common Stock and the shares of Common Stock acquired under the Plan, and the income from and value of same, are not granted as consideration for, or in connection with, the service Employee may provide as a director of any Subsidiary or Affiliate;

 

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(i)                                     the future value of the underlying shares of Common Stock is unknown, indeterminable and cannot be predicted with certainty;

 

(j)                                    the value of such shares of Common Stock purchased under the Plan may increase or decrease in the future, even below the Purchase Price;

 

(k)                                 no claim or entitlement to compensation or damages shall arise from forfeiture of the option to purchase shares of Common Stock resulting from termination of Employee’s status as an Eligible Employee (regardless of the reason for the termination and whether or not the termination is later found to be invalid or in breach of employment laws in the jurisdiction where Employee is employed or the terms of Employee’s employment agreement, if any);

 

(l)                                     for purposes of participation in the Plan, Employee’s status as an Eligible Employee will be considered terminated as of the date Employee is no longer actively providing services to the Company, the Employer or any Subsidiary or Affiliate (regardless of the reason for such termination and whether or not later found to be invalid or in breach of labor laws in the jurisdiction where Employee is employed or the terms of Employee’s employment agreement, if any), and unless otherwise expressly provided in this Subscription Agreement or determined by the Company, Employee’s option to purchase shares of Common Stock under the Plan will terminate as of such date and will not be extended by any notice period (e.g., Employee’s period of service would not include any contractual notice period or any period of “garden leave” or similar period mandated under employment laws in the jurisdiction where Employee is employed or the terms of Employee’s employment agreement, if any); the Administrator shall have the exclusive discretion to determine when Employee is no longer actively providing services for purposes of the Plan (including whether Employee may still be considered to be providing services while on a leave of absence); and

 

(m)                             neither the Company, the Employer nor any other Subsidiary or Affiliate shall be liable for any foreign exchange rate fluctuation between Employee’s local currency and the United States dollar that may affect the value of the shares of Common Stock or any amounts due pursuant to the purchase of the shares of Common Stock or the subsequent sale of any shares of Common Stock purchased under the Plan.

 

3.                                      No Advice Regarding Grant.  The Company is not providing any tax, legal or financial advice, nor is the Company making any recommendations regarding Employee’s participation in the Plan or the purchase or sale of the shares of Common Stock.  Employee should consult his or her own personal tax, legal and financial advisors regarding participation in the Plan before taking any action related to the Plan.

 

4.                                      Data Protection.

 

(a)                                 Data Processing. By participating in the Plan, Employee understands and acknowledges that it is necessary for the Company, the Employer and any Subsidiary or Affiliate to collect, use, disclose, hold, transfer and otherwise process certain personal information about

 

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Employee as described in Section 31 of the Plan. This personal data (hereinafter, “Data”) includes, but is not limited to, Employee’s name, home address, email address and telephone number, date of birth, social insurance number, passport or other identification number, salary, nationality, job title, any shares of Common Stock or directorships held in the Company, details of all options to purchase shares of Common Stock or any other entitlement to shares of Common Stock awarded, canceled, vested, unvested or outstanding in Employee’s favor, which the Company receives from Employee or the Employer. This may include the international transfer of Employee’s Data to a jurisdiction that might have enacted data privacy laws that are less protective or otherwise different from those applicable in the Employee’s country of residence.

 

(b)                                 Necessary Disclosure of Data.  Employee understands that providing the Company with Data is necessary for performance of the Subscription Agreement and that Employee’s refusal to provide the Data would make it impossible for the Company to perform its contractual obligations and legitimate interests and may affect Employee’s ability to participate in the Plan.

 

(c)                                  Data Processing and Transfer Consent.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, if Employee is located in a jurisdiction for which the lawful bases for processing and transferring personal data described in the Plan are not recognized, then, to the extent applicable, Employee hereby unambiguously consents to the collection, use and transfer, in electronic or other form, of his or her Data, as described above and in any other grant materials, by and among, as applicable, the Employer, the Company and any Subsidiary or Affiliate for the exclusive purpose of implementing, administering and managing Employee’s participation in the Plan. Employee understands that he or she may, at any time, refuse or withdraw the consents herein, in any case without cost, by contacting in writing his or her human resources representative.  If Employee does not consent or later seeks to revoke his or her consent, Employee’s employment status or service with the Employer will not be affected; the only consequence of refusing or withdrawing consent is that the Company would not be able to grant options to purchase shares of Common Stock to Employee under the Plan or administer or maintain such options.  Therefore, Employee understands that refusing or withdrawing consent may affect his or her ability to participate in the Plan.  For more information on the consequences of refusal to consent or withdrawal of consent, Employee should contact his or her local human resources representative.

 

5.                                      Governing Law and Venue.  This Subscription Agreement and the option to purchase shares of Common Stock under the Plan will be governed by the laws of the State of Delaware, without giving effect to the conflict of law principles thereof.  For purposes of litigating any dispute that arises under the Plan or this Subscription Agreement, the parties hereby submit to and consent to the jurisdiction of the State of Delaware, and agree that such litigation will be conducted in any United States federal court located in the State of Delaware or any other state court in the State of Delaware, and no other courts.

 

6.                                      Language.  Employee acknowledges that he or she is proficient in the English language, or has consulted with an advisor who is sufficiently proficient in English, so as to allow

 

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Employee to understand the terms and conditions of this Subscription Agreement.  If Employee has received this Subscription Agreement or any other document related to the option to purchase shares of Common Stock or the Plan translated into a language other than English and if the meaning of the translated version is different than the English version, the English version will control.

 

7.                                      Electronic Delivery and Participation.  The Company may, in its sole discretion, decide to deliver any documents related to current or future participation in the Plan by electronic means.  Employee hereby consents to receive such documents by electronic delivery and agrees to participate in the Plan through an online or electronic system established and maintained by the Company or a third party designated by the Company, now or in the future.

 

8.                                      Severability.  The provisions of this Subscription Agreement are severable, and if any one or more provisions are determined to be illegal or otherwise unenforceable, in whole or in part, the remaining provisions shall nevertheless be binding and enforceable.

 

9.                                      Country Addendum.  Employee’s participation in the Plan shall be subject to any special terms and conditions set forth in the Country Addendum attached hereto for Employee’s country.  Moreover, if Employee relocates to one of the countries included in the Country Addendum, the special terms and conditions for such country will apply to Employee, to the extent the Company determines that the application of such terms and conditions is necessary or advisable for legal or administrative reasons.  The Country Addendum constitutes part of this Subscription Agreement.

 

10.                               Termination or Modification of the Plan; Imposition of Other Requirements.  The Administrator, in its sole discretion, may amend, suspend, or terminate the Plan, or any part thereof, at any time and for any reason.  Employee agrees to be bound by such amendment, suspension or termination regardless of whether notice is given to Employee of such event, subject in any case to Employee’s right to timely withdraw from the Plan in accordance with the Plan withdrawal procedures then in effect.  In addition, the Company reserves the right to impose other requirements on Employee’s participation in the Plan and on any shares of Common Stock purchased under the Plan, to the extent the Company determines it is necessary or advisable for legal or administrative reasons, and to require Employee to sign any additional agreements or undertakings that may be necessary to accomplish the foregoing.

 

11.                               Waiver.  Employee acknowledges that a waiver by the Company of breach of any provision of this Subscription Agreement shall not operate or be construed as a waiver of any other provision of this Subscription Agreement, or of any subsequent breach by Employee or any other participant.

 

12.                               Insider Trading Restrictions / Market Abuse Laws.  Employee may be subject to insider trading restrictions and/or market abuse laws in applicable jurisdictions, including, but not limited to, the United States and Employee’s country, the broker’s country, or the country in which the shares of Common Stock are listed (if different), which may affect his or her ability to accept,

 

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acquire, sell or otherwise dispose of shares of Common Stock or rights to shares of Common Stock or rights linked to the value of shares of Common Stock during such times as Employee is considered to have “inside information” regarding the Company (as defined by the laws or regulations in applicable jurisdictions).  Any restrictions under these laws or regulations are separate from and in addition to any restrictions that may be imposed under any applicable Company insider trading policy.  Employee acknowledges that it is his or her responsibility to comply with any applicable restrictions and that Employee should consult his or her personal advisor on this matter.

 

13.                               Foreign Asset/Account, Exchange Control and Tax Requirements.  Employee acknowledges that, depending on his or her country, there may be certain foreign asset and/or account reporting requirements or exchange control restrictions which may affect Employee’s ability to acquire or hold shares of Common Stock or cash received from participating in the Plan (including proceeds from the sale of shares of Common Stock and the receipt of any dividends paid on shares of Common Stock) in, to and/or from a brokerage or bank account or legal entity outside Employee’s country.  Employee may be required to report such accounts, assets or related transactions to the tax or other authorities in Employee’s country.  Employee also may be required to repatriate sale proceeds or other funds received as a result of participating in the Plan to Employee’s country through a designated bank or broker and/or within a certain time after receipt.  Employee acknowledges that he or she is responsible for ensuring compliance with any applicable foreign asset/account, exchange control and tax reporting requirements and should consult his or her personal legal and tax advisors on this matter.

 

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COUNTRY ADDENDUM

 

Capitalized terms used but not defined in this Country Addendum shall have the meanings set forth in the Plan, the Global Subscription Agreement and/or the Additional Terms and Conditions.

 

Terms and Conditions

 

This Country Addendum includes additional terms and conditions that govern the option to purchase shares of Common Stock under the Plan if Employee works in one of the countries listed below.  If Employee is a citizen or resident of a country (or is considered as such for local law purposes) other than the one in which he or she is currently working or if Employee relocates to another country after enrolling in the Plan, the Company will, in its discretion, determine the extent to which the terms and conditions contained herein will be applicable to Employee.

 

Notifications

 

This Country Addendum also includes notifications relating to exchange control and other issues of which Employee should be aware with respect to his or her participation in the Plan.  The information is based on the exchange control, securities and other laws in effect in the countries listed in this Country Addendum, as of May 2019.  Such laws are often complex and change frequently.  As a result, the Company strongly recommends that Employee not rely on the notifications herein as the only source of information relating to the consequences of his or her participation in the Plan because the information may be outdated when Employee purchases shares of Common Stock under the Plan or when Employee subsequently sells shares of Common Stock purchased under the Plan.

 

In addition, the notifications are general in nature and may not apply to Employee’s particular situation, and the Company is not in a position to assure Employee of any particular result.  Accordingly, Employee should seek appropriate professional advice as to how the relevant laws in Employee’s country may apply to Employee’s situation.

 

Finally, if Employee is a citizen or resident of a country other than the one in which Employee is currently working (or is considered as such for local law purposes) or if Employee moves to another country after enrolling in the Plan, the information contained herein may not be applicable to Employee.

 

CANADA

 

Terms and Conditions

 

Nature of Grant.  The following provision replaces Section 2(l) of the Additional Terms and Conditions:

 

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(l) for purposes of participation in the Plan, Employee’s status as an Eligible Employee will be considered terminated (regardless of the reason for such termination and whether or not later found to be invalid or in breach of the employment laws in the jurisdiction where Employee is employed or the terms of Employee’s employment agreement, if any) as of the date that is the earlier of (i) the date on which the Employee’s employment relationship is terminated, (ii) the date that Employee receives notice of termination of his or her employment relationship, or (iii) the date Employee is no longer actively providing services to the Company or any Subsidiary or Affiliate, regardless of any notice period or period of pay in lieu of such notice required under applicable employment laws in the jurisdiction where Employee is employed (including, but not limited to statutory law, regulatory law and/or common law) or the terms of Employee’s employment agreement, if any; the Administrator shall have the exclusive discretion to determine when Employee is no longer actively providing services for purposes of the Plan (including whether Employee may still be considered to be providing services while on a leave of absence).

 

The following provisions apply to residents of Quebec:

 

Language Consent.  The parties acknowledge that it is their express wish that this Subscription Agreement, as well as all documents, notices and legal proceedings entered into, given or instituted pursuant hereto or relating directly or indirectly hereto, be drawn up in English.

 

Consentement à la Langue Utilisée. Les parties reconnaissent avoir expressément souhaité que la convention «Subscription Agreement», ainsi que tous les documents, avis et procédures judiciaries, éxecutés, donnés ou intentés en vertu de, ou lié, directement ou indirectement à la présente convention, soient rédigés en langue anglaise.

 

Data Protection.  The following provision supplements Section 4 of the Additional Terms and Conditions:

 

Employee authorizes the Company and the Company’s representatives to discuss with and obtain all relevant information from all personnel, professional or non-professional, involved with the administration of the Plan.  Employee further authorizes the Company, any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company, the Employer, the Administrator or any other stock plan service provider as may be selected by the Company from time to time to assist with the Plan, to disclose and discuss the Plan with their advisors.  Employee also authorizes the Company and the Employer to record such information and to keep such information in Employee’s employee file.

 

Notifications

 

Securities Law Information.  The sale of shares of Common Stock purchased under the Plan may not take place in Canada.  Employee will only be permitted to sell shares of Common Stock if such sale takes place outside Canada through the facilities of the exchange on which the shares of Common Stock are then listed.

 

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Foreign Asset and Account Reporting Information.  Canadian residents are required to report their foreign specified property (e.g., shares of Common Stock) on form T1135 (Foreign Income Verification Statement) if the total cost of the foreign specified property exceeds C$100,000 at any time in the year.  Thus, if the C$100,000 cost threshold is exceeded by other foreign specified property held by the individual, the options to purchase shares of Common Stock must be reported (generally at nil cost). The shares of Common Stock acquired under the Plan must be reported at their adjusted cost base (“ACB”).  The ACB ordinarily would equal the fair market value of the shares of Common Stock at the time of acquisition, but if such Canadian resident owns other shares of Common Stock, this ACB may have to be averaged with the ACB of the other shares.  The form T1135 generally must be filed by April 30 of the following year.  Employee should consult with his or her personal advisor to ensure compliance with the applicable reporting requirements.

 

FINLAND

 

There are no country-specific provisions.

 

FRANCE

 

Terms and Conditions

 

Payroll Deduction Authorization.  The following is a translation of Section 2 of the Global Subscription Agreement at page A-1:

 

2.         Dans le cadre de la première Période d’Offre, le Salarié comprend qu’il ou elle est automatiquement inscrit au Plan d’Achat d’Actions à un taux de Contribution correspondant à 15 % de sa Rémunération (telle que définie dans le Plan d’Achat d’Actions). Par la présente, le Salarié autorise l’Administrateur à (i) continuer sa participation au taux de Contribution maximal de 15 % ou (ii) continuer sa participation, mais réduire le taux de Contribution. La participation du Salarié sera automatiquement annulée durant la première Période d’Offre si aucun Contrat de Souscription n’est soumis. Si la participation au Plan d’Achat d’Actions est maintenue, les Contributions seront versées en retenant le pourcentage de Contribution choisi de la Rémunération du Salarié chaque jour de paie pendant la Période d’Offre applicable, conformément au Plan d’Achat d’Actions.

 

o    maintenir le taux de Contribution du Salarié à 15 %.

o    réduire le taux de Contribution du Salarié à       % (le pourcentage réduit doit être exprimé en nombre entier uniquement de 1% à 14%).

 

Language Consent.  By enrolling in the Plan, Employee confirms having read and understood the Plan and Subscription Agreement, including all terms and conditions included therein, which were provided in the English language.  Employee accepts the terms of those documents accordingly.

 

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Consentement Relatif à la Langue Utilisée. En souscrivant au Plan d’Achat d’Actions, le Salarié confirme avoir lu et compris le Plan d’Achat d’Actions et le Contrat de Souscription, y compris tous les termes et conditions qui y sont inclus, qui lui ont été communiqués en anglais. Le Salarié accepte les termes de ces documents en connaissance de cause.

 

Notifications

 

Options to Purchase Shares of Common Stock Not French-Qualified.  The options to purchase shares of Common Stock under the Plan are not intended to qualify for special tax and social security treatment pursuant to Sections L. 225-177 to L. 225-186-1 of the French Commercial Code, as amended.

 

Foreign Asset and Account Reporting Information.  French residents are required to report all foreign accounts (whether open, current or closed) to the French tax authorities when filing their annual tax returns.  Employee should consult his or her personal tax advisor to ensure compliance with applicable reporting obligations.

 

GERMANY

 

Notifications

 

Exchange Control Information.  German residents must report cross-border payments in excess of €12,500 on a monthly basis to the German Federal Bank (Bundesbank).  In case of payments in connection with securities (including proceeds realized upon the sale of shares of Common Stock), the report must be filed electronically by the 5th day of the month following the month in which the payment was received.  The form of report (“Allgemeine Meldeportal Statistik”) can be accessed via the Bundesbank’s website (www.bundesbank.de) and is available in both German and English.

 

Foreign Asset and Account Reporting Information.  German residents holding shares of Common Stock must notify their local tax office of the acquisition of shares of Common Stock when they file their tax returns for the relevant year if the aggregate value of all shares of Common Stock acquired exceeds €150,000, or in the unlikely event that the resident holds shares of Common Stock exceeding 10% of the Company’s total Common Stock.

 

INDIA

 

Notifications

 

Exchange Control Information.  Indian residents are required to repatriate any funds realized under the Plan to India within prescribed periods (e.g., within ninety (90) days of the receipt of proceeds from the sale of shares of Common Stock, or such other period as may apply under applicable exchange control laws as may be amended from time to time).  Employee should maintain any foreign inward remittance certificate (received from the bank where the foreign currency is deposited) in the event that the Reserve Bank of India or the Employer requests proof of repatriation.

 

A-12


 

Foreign Asset and Account Reporting Information.  Foreign bank accounts and any foreign financial assets (including shares of Common Stock held outside India) must be declared by Indian residents in their annual tax return.  Employee is responsible for complying with this reporting obligation to the extent it applies to Employee and should confer with Employee’s personal legal advisor in this regard.

 

IRELAND

 

Notifications

 

Director Notification Requirement.  If Employee is a director, shadow director or secretary of an Irish Subsidiary and has a 1% or more shareholding interest in the Company, he or she must notify the Irish Subsidiary in writing upon receiving or disposing of an interest in the Company (e.g., options to purchase shares of Common Stock or shares of Common Stock) or upon becoming aware of the event giving rise to the notification requirement, or upon becoming a director, shadow director or secretary if such an interest exists at that time.  This notification requirement also applies with respect to the interests of a spouse or minor child (whose interests will be attributed to the director, shadow director or secretary).

 

ISRAEL

 

Terms and Conditions

 

Immediate Sale Restriction.  Notwithstanding Sections 8(a) and 10 of the Plan, due to tax requirements in Israel, the Company reserves the right to immediately sell shares of Common Stock purchased by Employee on the relevant Exercise Date(s) under the Plan.  Upon the immediate sale of the shares at exercise, Employee will receive the sale proceeds less the Purchase Price, Tax-Related Items and applicable broker fees and commissions.  In this case, Employee will not be entitled to hold any shares of Common Stock issued at exercise of the option to purchase shares of Common Stock.  Employee acknowledges that the Company’s designated broker is not under any obligation to arrange for the sale of the shares of Common Stock at any particular price.  Further, due to fluctuations in the share price and/or the United States dollar exchange rate between the Exercise Date and (if later) the date on which the shares are sold, the sale proceeds may be more or less than the market value of the shares on the Exercise Date (which is the amount relevant to determining Employee’s tax liability). Employee understands and agrees that the Company is not responsible for the amount of any loss Employee may incur and that the Company assumes no liability for any fluctuations in the share price and/or United States dollar exchange rate.

 

ITALY

 

Terms and Conditions

 

Plan Document Acknowledgment.  By participating in the Plan, Employee acknowledges that he or she has received a copy of the Plan and the Subscription Agreement (including this Country

 

A-13


 

Addendum) and has reviewed the Plan and the Subscription Agreement in their entirety and fully accepts all provisions thereof.  Employee further acknowledges that he or she has read and specifically and expressly approves the following provisions of the Subscription Agreement: (i) payroll deduction authorization set forth in Section 2 of the Global Subscription Agreement at page A-1; (ii) Responsibility for Taxes; (iii) Nature of Grant; (iv) Data Protection; (v) Governing Law and Venue; (vi) Language; and (vii) Termination or Modification of the Plan.

 

Notifications

 

Foreign Asset and Account Reporting Information.  Italian residents who, at any time during the fiscal year, hold foreign financial assets (e.g., shares of Common Stock) which may generate income taxable in Italy are required to report such assets on their annual tax returns or on a special form if no tax return is due.  The same reporting duties apply to Italian residents who are beneficial owners of the foreign financial assets pursuant to Italian money laundering provisions, even if they do not directly hold the foreign asset abroad.  Employee should consult his or her personal legal advisor to ensure compliance with applicable reporting requirements.

 

Foreign Asset Tax Information.  The value of financial assets held outside Italy (including shares of Common Stock acquired under the Plan) by Italian residents is subject to a foreign asset tax. The taxable amount will be the fair market value of the financial assets assessed at the end of the calendar year.

 

NETHERLANDS

 

Notifications

 

Securities Law Information.

 

 

NEW ZEALAND

 

Notifications

 

Securities Law Information.

 

Warning: Employee is being offered the option to purchase shares of Common Stock in accordance with the terms of the Plan and the Subscription Agreement. The shares of Common Stock, if acquired, give Employee a stake in the ownership of the Company. Employee may receive a return if dividends are paid.

 

A-14


 

If the Company runs into financial difficulties and is wound up, Employee will be paid only after all creditors have been paid. New Zealand law normally requires people who offer financial products to give information to investors before they invest. This information is designed to help investors make an informed decision.

 

The usual rules do not apply to this offer because it is a small offer. As a result, Employee may not be given all the information usually required. Employee will also have fewer legal protections for this investment.

 

Employee should ask questions, read all documents carefully and seek independent financial advice before making any decisions with respect to the Plan.

 

ROMANIA

 

Terms and Conditions

 

Language Consent.  By participating in the Plan, Employee acknowledges that he or she is proficient in reading and understanding English and fully understands the terms of the documents related to the grant (the Subscription Agreement and the Plan), which were provided in the English language.  Employee accepts the terms of those documents accordingly.

 

Consimtamant cu Privire la Limba. Prin participarea in Planul, Angajatul confirma ca acesta sau aceasta are un nivel adecvat de cunoastere in ce priveste cititirea si intelegerea limbii engleze, a citit si confirma ca a inteles pe deplin termenii documentelor referitoare la acordare (Acordul si Planul), care au fost furnizate in limba engleza.  Angajatul accepta termenii acestor documente in consecinta.

 

Notifications

 

Exchange Control Information.  If Employee deposits the proceeds from the sale of shares of Common Stock acquired under the Plan in a bank account in Romania, Employee may be required to provide the Romanian bank with appropriate documentation explaining the source of the funds.  Employee should consult with his or her personal legal advisor to ensure compliance with applicable requirements.

 

SINGAPORE

 

Terms and Conditions

 

Restriction on Sale.  Employee agrees that any shares of Common Stock acquired under the Plan will not be offered for sale in Singapore prior to the six-month anniversary of the beginning of the

 

A-15


 

relevant Offering Period, unless such sale or offer is made pursuant to the exemptions under Part XIII Division (1) Subdivision (4) (other than section 280) of the Securities and Futures Act (Chapter 289, 2006 Ed.) (“SFA”).

 

Notifications

 

Securities Law Information.  The option to purchase shares of Common Stock under the Plan is being made pursuant to the “Qualifying Person” exemption under section 273(1)(f) of the SFA, under which it is exempt from the prospectus and registration requirements and is not made with a view to the underlying shares of Common Stock being subsequently offered for sale to any other party.  The Plan has not been and will not be lodged or registered as a prospectus with the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

 

Chief Executive Officer and Director Notification Requirement. The Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and the directors of a Designated Company in Singapore are subject to certain notification requirements under the Singapore Companies Act.  The CEO and directors must notify the Designated Company in Singapore in writing of an interest (e.g., options to purchase shares of Common Stock, shares of Common Stock, etc.) in the Company or any related company within two business days of (i) its acquisition or disposal, (ii) any change in a previously-disclosed interest (e.g., upon purchase of shares of Common Stock or when shares of Common Stock acquired under the Plan are subsequently sold), or (iii) becoming the CEO / a director.

 

SPAIN

 

Terms and Conditions

 

Nature of Grant.  The following provision supplements Section 2 of the Additional Terms and Conditions:

 

By accepting the option to purchase shares of Common Stock, Employee consents to participation in the Plan and acknowledges that he or she has received a copy of the Plan. Employee understands that the Company has unilaterally, gratuitously and discretionally decided to offer participation in the Plan to Eligible Employees throughout the world. This decision is a limited decision that is entered into upon the express assumption and condition that any grant will not bind the Company or any Subsidiary or Affiliate other than as expressly set forth in this Subscription Agreement. Consequently, Employee understands that the option to purchase shares of Common Stock is granted on the assumption and condition that the option and any shares of Common Stock acquired under the Plan are not part of any employment or service contract (either with the Company or with any Subsidiary or Affiliate) and shall not be considered a mandatory benefit or salary for any purpose (including severance compensation) or any other right whatsoever.  Further, Employee understands and agrees that, unless otherwise expressly provided for by the Company or set forth in the Plan or this Subscription Agreement, the options will be cancelled without entitlement to any shares of Common Stock under the Plan if Employee’s status as an Eligible Employee is terminated for any

 

A-16


 

reason, including, but not limited to: resignation, retirement, disciplinary dismissal adjudged to be with cause, disciplinary dismissal adjudged or recognized to be without good cause (i.e., subject to a “despido improcedente”), material modification of the terms of employment under Article 41 of the Workers’ Statute, relocation under Article 40 of the Workers’ Statute, Article 50 of the Workers’ Statute, or under Article 10.3 of Royal Decree 1382/1985.

 

In addition, Employee understands that this grant would not be made to Employee but for the assumptions and conditions referred to above; thus, Employee acknowledges and freely accepts that, should any or all of the assumptions be mistaken or should any of the conditions not be met for any reason, then any grant of, or right to, the option to purchase shares of Common Stock shall be null and void.

 

Notifications

 

Securities Law Information.  The grant of the option to purchase shares of Common Stock under the Plan described in this Subscription Agreement does not qualify under Spanish regulations as a security. No “offer of securities to the public,” as defined under Spanish law, has taken place or will take place in the Spanish territory in connection with the grant of the option. This Subscription Agreement has not been, nor will it be, registered with the Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores, and does not constitute a public offering or prospectus.

 

Exchange Control Information.  Employee must declare the acquisition, ownership and disposition of shares of Common Stock to the Dirección General de Comercio e Inversiones of the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (the “DGCI”) on a Form D-6.  Generally, the declaration must be made in January for shares of Common Stock owned as of December 31 of the prior year and/or shares of Common Stock acquired or disposed of during the prior year; however, if the value of the shares of Common Stock acquired or disposed of or the amount of the sale proceeds exceeds €1,502,530 (or if Employee holds 10% or more of the share capital of the Company), the declaration must be filed within one month of the acquisition or disposition, as applicable.

 

In addition, Employee may be required to electronically declare to the Bank of Spain any foreign accounts (including brokerage accounts held abroad), any foreign instruments (including shares of Common Stock acquired under the Plan), and any transactions with non-Spanish residents (including any payments of shares of Common Stock made pursuant to the Plan), depending on the balances in such accounts together with the value of such instruments as of December 31 of the relevant year, or the volume of transactions with non-Spanish residents during the relevant year.

 

Foreign Asset and Account Reporting Information.  To the extent that Employee holds rights or assets (e.g., cash or shares of Common Stock held in a bank or brokerage account) outside Spain with a value in excess of €50,000 per type of right or asset as of December 31 each year (or at any time during the year in which Employee sells or disposes of such rights or assets), Employee is required to report information on such rights and assets on his or her tax return for such year.  After such rights or assets are initially reported, the reporting obligation will only apply for subsequent

 

A-17


 

years if the value of any previously reported rights or assets increases by more than €20,000.  Employee should consult with his or her personal tax advisor to ensure compliance with applicable reporting requirements.

 

TAIWAN

 

Notifications

 

Securities Law Information.  The offer of participation in the Plan is available only for Eligible Employees.  The offer of participation in the Plan is not a public offer of securities by a Taiwanese company.

 

Exchange Control Information.  The acquisition or conversion of foreign currency and the remittance of such amounts (including proceeds from the sale of shares of Common Stock) to Taiwan may trigger certain annual or periodic exchange control reporting.  If the transaction amount is TWD500,000 or more in a single transaction, Employee may be required to submit a Foreign Exchange Transaction Form and provide supporting documentation to the satisfaction of the remitting bank.  Employee should consult his or her personal legal advisor to ensure compliance with applicable exchange control laws in Taiwan.

 

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

 

Notifications

 

Securities Law Information.  Participation in the Plan is being offered only to Eligible Employees and is in the nature of providing employee incentives in the United Arab Emirates.  The Plan and the Subscription Agreement are intended for distribution only to such employees and must not be delivered to or relied on by any other person. Prospective purchasers of securities should conduct their own due diligence.

 

The Emirates Securities and Commodities Authority has no responsibility for reviewing or verifying any documents in connection with this statement, including the Plan and the Subscription Agreement, or any other incidental communication materials distributions in connection with the Plan.  Further, neither the Ministry of Economy nor the Dubai Department of Economic Development has approved this statement nor taken steps to verify the information set out in it, and has no responsibility for it.  Residents of the United Arab Emirates who have questions regarding the contents of the Plan and the Subscription Agreement should obtain independent professional advice.

 

UNITED KINGDOM

 

Terms and Conditions

 

Securities Law Restriction.  Employee’s participation in the Plan may be limited as a result of applicable securities laws in the European Economic Area (“EEA”) and the United Kingdom (the

 

A-18


 

U.K.”).  Specifically, contributions from all Plan participants residing and/or working in the U.K. will be limited to less than an aggregate amount of EUR 8 million on an annual basis.  It is also possible that certain other equity awards in the U.K. will count against this EUR 8 million threshold.  If Plan participants in the U.K. elect to contribute more than this amount during any year, contribution rates will be prorated to ensure that this threshold is not exceeded.  If Employee’s participation will be prorated, Employee understands that he or she will receive a notice from the Company explaining the proration.

 

Responsibility for Taxes.  The following provision supplements Section 1 of the Additional Terms and Conditions:

 

Without limitation to this Section 1 of the Additional Terms and Conditions, Employee hereby agrees that he or she is liable for any Tax-Related Items and hereby covenants to pay such Tax-Related Items, as and when requested by the Company, the Employer or by Her Majesty’s Revenue & Customs (“HMRC”) (or any other tax authority or any other relevant authority).  Employee also hereby agrees to indemnify and keep indemnified the Company or the Employer against any Tax-Related Items that they are required to pay or withhold or have paid or will pay to HMRC (or any other tax authority or any other relevant authority) on Employee’s behalf.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if Employee is a director or executive officer of the Company (within the meaning of Section 13(k) of the Exchange Act), the terms of the immediately foregoing provision will not apply.  In such case, if the amount of any income tax due is not collected from or paid by Employee within 90 days of the end of the U.K. tax year in which an event giving rise to the indemnification described above occurs, the amount of any uncollected income taxes may constitute a benefit to Employee on which additional income tax and national insurance contributions (“NICs”) may be payable.  Employee will be responsible for reporting and paying any income tax due on this additional benefit directly to HMRC under the self-assessment regime and for paying to the Company or the Employer, as applicable, any employee NICs due on this additional benefit, which the Company or the Employer may recover from Employee by any of the means referred to in Section 1 of the Additional Terms and Conditions.

 

A-19


 

EXHIBIT B

 

CROWDSTRIKE HOLDINGS, INC.

2019 EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN

GLOBAL SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT FOR SUBSEQUENT OFFERING PERIODS

 

          Original Application

Offering Date:

          Change in Payroll Deduction Rate

 

1.                                   (“Employee”) hereby elects to participate in the CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc. 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “Plan”) and subscribes to purchase shares of the Company’s Common Stock in accordance with this Global Subscription Agreement, including the attached Additional Terms and Conditions and any country-specific terms set forth in the addendum hereto (the “Country Addendum”) (collectively, the “Subscription Agreement”) and the Plan.  Unless otherwise defined herein, the terms defined in the Plan shall have the same defined meanings in this Subscription Agreement.

 

2.              Employee hereby authorizes payroll deductions from each paycheck in the amount of     % (from one percent (1%) to a maximum of fifteen percent (15%)) of his or her Compensation on each payday during the Offering Period in accordance with the Plan.  (Please note that no fractional percentages are permitted.)

 

3.              Employee understands that said payroll deductions will be accumulated for the purchase of shares of Common Stock at the applicable Purchase Price determined in accordance with the Plan.  Employee understands that if he or she does not withdraw from an Offering Period, any accumulated payroll deductions will be used to automatically exercise his or her option and purchase Common Stock under the Plan.

 

4.              Employee has received a copy of the complete Plan and its accompanying prospectus.  Employee understands that his or her participation in the Plan is in all respects subject to the terms of the Plan.

 

5.              Shares of Common Stock purchased by Employee under the Plan should be issued in the name(s) of               (Employee or Employee and Spouse only).

 

6.              If Employee is subject to tax in the United States, Employee understands that if he or she disposes of any shares that he or she purchased under the Plan within two (2) years after the Enrollment Date (the first day of the Offering Period during which he or she purchased such shares) or one (1) year after the applicable Exercise Date, he or she will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as having received ordinary income at the time of such disposition in an amount equal to the excess of the fair market value of the shares at the time such shares were purchased over the price paid for the shares.  Employee hereby agrees to notify the Company in writing within thirty (30) days after the date of any disposition of such shares and to make adequate provision for U.S. federal, state or other tax withholding obligations, if any, that arise upon the disposition of such shares.  The Company may, but will not be obligated to, withhold from Employee’s compensation the amount necessary to meet any applicable withholding obligation including any withholding necessary to

 

B-1


 

make available to the Company any tax deductions or benefits attributable to Employee’s sale or early disposition of such shares.  Employee understands that if he or she disposes of such shares at any time after the expiration of the two (2)-year and one (1)-year holding periods, he or she will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as having received income only at the time of such disposition, and that such income will be taxed as ordinary income only to the extent of an amount equal to the lesser of (i) the excess of the fair market value of the shares at the time of such disposition over the Purchase Price paid for the shares, or (ii) fifteen percent (15%) of the fair market value of the shares on the first day of the Offering Period.  The remainder of the gain, if any, recognized on such disposition will be taxed as capital gain.

 

7.              Employee hereby agrees to be bound by the terms of the Plan.  The effectiveness of this Subscription Agreement is dependent upon Employee’s eligibility to participate in the Plan.

 

Employee’s ID Number:

Employee’s Address:

 

 

 

EMPLOYEE UNDERSTANDS THAT THIS SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT WILL REMAIN IN EFFECT THROUGHOUT SUCCESSIVE OFFERING PERIODS UNLESS TERMINATED BY EMPLOYEE OR UNLESS EMPLOYEE CEASES TO BE AN ELIGIBLE EMPLOYEE FOR ANY REASON.

 

 

Dated:

 

 

Signature of Employee

 

B-2


 

ADDITIONAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS

 

Capitalized terms used but not defined in these Additional Terms and Conditions shall have the meanings set forth in the Plan and/or the Global Subscription Agreement.

 

1.              Responsibility for Taxes.

 

(a)                                 Employee acknowledges that, regardless of any action taken by the Company or, if different, Employee’s employer (the “Employer”), the ultimate liability for all income tax, social insurance, payroll tax, fringe benefits tax, payment on account or other tax-related items related to Employee’s participation in the Plan and legally applicable to Employee (“Tax-Related Items”) is and remains Employee’s responsibility and may exceed the amount, if any, actually withheld by the Company or the Employer.  Employee further acknowledges that the Company and/or the Employer (i) make no representations or undertakings regarding the treatment of any Tax-Related Items in connection with any aspect of the Plan, including, but not limited to, the grant of the option to purchase shares of Common Stock, the purchase of shares of Common Stock, the issuance or disposition of shares of Common Stock purchased under the Plan or the receipt of any dividends and (ii) do not commit to and are under no obligation to structure the terms of the option or any aspect of the Plan to reduce or eliminate Employee’s liability for Tax-Related Items or achieve any particular tax result.  Further, if Employee is subject to Tax-Related Items in more than one jurisdiction, Employee acknowledges that the Company and/or the Employer (or former employer, as applicable) may be required to withhold or account for Tax-Related Items in more than one jurisdiction.

 

(b)                                 Prior to any relevant taxable or tax withholding event, as applicable, Employee agrees to make arrangements satisfactory to the Company and/or the Employer to satisfy all Tax-Related Items.  In this regard, Employee authorizes the Company and/or the Employer to satisfy any applicable withholding obligations with regard to any Tax-Related Items by one or a combination of the following: (i) withholding from Employee’s wages or other cash compensation payable to Employee by the Company and/or the Employer, (ii) withholding from proceeds of the sale of shares of Common Stock under the Plan, either through a voluntary sale or through a mandatory sale arranged by the Company (on Employee’s behalf pursuant to this authorization without further consent), (iii) withholding from shares of Common Stock otherwise issuable upon purchase, or (iv) any other method determined by the Company and compliant with applicable law.

 

(c)                                  The Company may withhold or account for Tax-Related Items by considering statutory withholding amounts or other withholding rates, including maximum applicable rates in Employee’s jurisdiction(s), in which case Employee may receive a refund of any over-withheld amount in cash and will have no entitlement to the equivalent in shares of Common Stock.  If the obligation for Tax-Related Items is satisfied by withholding in shares of Common Stock, for tax purposes, Employee will be deemed to have been issued the full number of shares of Common Stock subject to the purchase, notwithstanding that a number of shares of Common Stock are held back solely for the purpose of satisfying the Tax-Related Items.

 

B-3


 

(d)                                 Finally, Employee agrees to pay to the Company or the Employer any amount of Tax-Related Items that the Company or the Employer may be required to withhold or account for as a result of Employee’s participation in the Plan that cannot be satisfied by the means previously described.  The Company may refuse to purchase or deliver the shares of Common Stock or the proceeds of the sale of shares of Common Stock if Employee fails to comply with his or her obligations in connection with the Tax-Related Items.

 

2.                                      Nature of Grant.  By enrolling and participating in the Plan, Employee acknowledges, understands and agrees that:

 

(a)                                 the Plan is established voluntarily by the Company and is discretionary in nature;

 

(b)                                 the grant of the option to purchase shares of Common Stock is exceptional, voluntary and does not create any contractual or other right to receive future options to purchase shares of Common Stock or benefits in lieu of options to purchase shares of Common Stock, even if options to purchase shares of Common Stock have been granted in the past;

 

(c)                                  all decisions with respect to future grants of options to purchase shares of Common Stock under the Plan or other grants, if any, will be at the sole discretion of the Company;

 

(d)                                 the option to purchase shares of Common Stock and Employee’s participation in the Plan shall not create a right to employment or be interpreted as forming or amending an employment or service contract with the Company, the Employer or any Subsidiary or Affiliate and shall not interfere with the ability of the Company or the Employer to terminate Employee’s employment relationship (if any);

 

(e)                                  Employee is voluntarily participating in the Plan;

 

(f)                                   the option to purchase shares of Common Stock and any shares of Common Stock acquired under the Plan, and the income from and value of same, are not intended to replace any pension rights or compensation;

 

(g)                                  the option to purchase shares of Common Stock and any shares of Common Stock acquired under the Plan, and the income from and value of same, are not part of normal or expected compensation or salary for any purpose, including, without limitation, calculating any severance, resignation, termination, redundancy, dismissal, end-of-service payments, holiday pay, bonuses, long-service awards, leave-related payments, pension or retirement or welfare benefits or similar mandatory payments;

 

(h)                                 unless otherwise agreed with the Company, the option to purchase shares of Common Stock and the shares of Common Stock acquired under the Plan, and the income from and value of same, are not granted as consideration for, or in connection with, the service Employee may provide as a director of any Subsidiary or Affiliate;

 

B-4


 

(i)                                     the future value of the underlying shares of Common Stock is unknown, indeterminable and cannot be predicted with certainty;

 

(j)                                    the value of such shares of Common Stock purchased under the Plan may increase or decrease in the future, even below the Purchase Price;

 

(k)                                 no claim or entitlement to compensation or damages shall arise from forfeiture of the option to purchase shares of Common Stock resulting from termination of Employee’s status as an Eligible Employee (regardless of the reason for the termination and whether or not the termination is later found to be invalid or in breach of employment laws in the jurisdiction where Employee is employed or the terms of Employee’s employment agreement, if any);

 

(l)                                     for purposes of participation in the Plan, Employee’s status as an Eligible Employee will be considered terminated as of the date Employee is no longer actively providing services to the Company, the Employer or any Subsidiary or Affiliate (regardless of the reason for such termination and whether or not later found to be invalid or in breach of labor laws in the jurisdiction where Employee is employed or the terms of Employee’s employment agreement, if any), and unless otherwise expressly provided in this Subscription Agreement or determined by the Company, Employee’s option to purchase shares of Common Stock under the Plan will terminate as of such date and will not be extended by any notice period (e.g., Employee’s period of service would not include any contractual notice period or any period of “garden leave” or similar period mandated under employment laws in the jurisdiction where Employee is employed or the terms of Employee’s employment agreement, if any); the Administrator shall have the exclusive discretion to determine when Employee is no longer actively providing services for purposes of the Plan (including whether Employee may still be considered to be providing services while on a leave of absence); and

 

(m)                             neither the Company, the Employer nor any other Subsidiary or Affiliate shall be liable for any foreign exchange rate fluctuation between Employee’s local currency and the United States dollar that may affect the value of the shares of Common Stock or any amounts due pursuant to the purchase of the shares of Common Stock or the subsequent sale of any shares of Common Stock purchased under the Plan.

 

3.                                      No Advice Regarding Grant.  The Company is not providing any tax, legal or financial advice, nor is the Company making any recommendations regarding Employee’s participation in the Plan or the purchase or sale of the shares of Common Stock.  Employee should consult his or her own personal tax, legal and financial advisors regarding participation in the Plan before taking any action related to the Plan.

 

4.                                      Data Protection.

 

(a)                                 Data Processing. By participating in the Plan, Employee understands and acknowledges that it is necessary for the Company, the Employer and any Subsidiary or Affiliate to collect, use, disclose, hold, transfer and otherwise process certain personal information about

 

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Employee as described in Section 31 of the Plan. This personal data (hereinafter, “Data”) includes, but is not limited to, Employee’s name, home address, email address and telephone number, date of birth, social insurance number, passport or other identification number, salary, nationality, job title, any shares of Common Stock or directorships held in the Company, details of all options to purchase shares of Common Stock or any other entitlement to shares of Common Stock awarded, canceled, vested, unvested or outstanding in Employee’s favor, which the Company receives from Employee or the Employer. This may include the international transfer of Employee’s Data to a jurisdiction that might have enacted data privacy laws that are less protective or otherwise different from those applicable in the Employee’s country of residence.

 

(b)                                 Necessary Disclosure of Data.  Employee understands that providing the Company with Data is necessary for performance of the Subscription Agreement and that Employee’s refusal to provide the Data would make it impossible for the Company to perform its contractual obligations and legitimate interests and may affect Employee’s ability to participate in the Plan.

 

(c)                                  Data Processing and Transfer Consent.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, if Employee is located in a jurisdiction for which the lawful bases for processing and transferring personal data described in the Plan are not recognized, then, to the extent applicable, Employee hereby unambiguously consents to the collection, use and transfer, in electronic or other form, of his or her Data, as described above and in any other grant materials, by and among, as applicable, the Employer, the Company and any Subsidiary or Affiliate for the exclusive purpose of implementing, administering and managing Employee’s participation in the Plan. Employee understands that he or she may, at any time, refuse or withdraw the consents herein, in any case without cost, by contacting in writing his or her human resources representative.  If Employee does not consent or later seeks to revoke his or her consent, Employee’s employment status or service with the Employer will not be affected; the only consequence of refusing or withdrawing consent is that the Company would not be able to grant options to purchase shares of Common Stock to Employee under the Plan or administer or maintain such options.  Therefore, Employee understands that refusing or withdrawing consent may affect his or her ability to participate in the Plan.  For more information on the consequences of refusal to consent or withdrawal of consent, Employee should contact his or her local human resources representative.

 

5.                                      Governing Law and Venue.  This Subscription Agreement and the option to purchase shares of Common Stock under the Plan will be governed by the laws of the State of Delaware, without giving effect to the conflict of law principles thereof.  For purposes of litigating any dispute that arises under the Plan or this Subscription Agreement, the parties hereby submit to and consent to the jurisdiction of the State of Delaware, and agree that such litigation will be conducted in any United States federal court located in the State of Delaware or any other state court in the State of Delaware, and no other courts.

 

6.                                      Language.  Employee acknowledges that he or she is proficient in the English language, or has consulted with an advisor who is sufficiently proficient in English, so as to allow

 

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Employee to understand the terms and conditions of this Subscription Agreement.  If Employee has received this Subscription Agreement or any other document related to the option to purchase shares of Common Stock or the Plan translated into a language other than English and if the meaning of the translated version is different than the English version, the English version will control.

 

7.                                      Electronic Delivery and Participation.  The Company may, in its sole discretion, decide to deliver any documents related to current or future participation in the Plan by electronic means.  Employee hereby consents to receive such documents by electronic delivery and agrees to participate in the Plan through an online or electronic system established and maintained by the Company or a third party designated by the Company, now or in the future.

 

8.                                      Severability.  The provisions of this Subscription Agreement are severable, and if any one or more provisions are determined to be illegal or otherwise unenforceable, in whole or in part, the remaining provisions shall nevertheless be binding and enforceable.

 

9.                                      Country Addendum.  Employee’s participation in the Plan shall be subject to any special terms and conditions set forth in the Country Addendum attached hereto for Employee’s country.  Moreover, if Employee relocates to one of the countries included in the Country Addendum, the special terms and conditions for such country will apply to Employee, to the extent the Company determines that the application of such terms and conditions is necessary or advisable for legal or administrative reasons.  The Country Addendum constitutes part of this Subscription Agreement.

 

10.                               Termination or Modification of the Plan; Imposition of Other Requirements.  The Administrator, in its sole discretion, may amend, suspend, or terminate the Plan, or any part thereof, at any time and for any reason.  Employee agrees to be bound by such amendment, suspension or termination regardless of whether notice is given to Employee of such event, subject in any case to Employee’s right to timely withdraw from the Plan in accordance with the Plan withdrawal procedures then in effect.  In addition, the Company reserves the right to impose other requirements on Employee’s participation in the Plan and on any shares of Common Stock purchased under the Plan, to the extent the Company determines it is necessary or advisable for legal or administrative reasons, and to require Employee to sign any additional agreements or undertakings that may be necessary to accomplish the foregoing.

 

11.                               Waiver.  Employee acknowledges that a waiver by the Company of breach of any provision of this Subscription Agreement shall not operate or be construed as a waiver of any other provision of this Subscription Agreement, or of any subsequent breach by Employee or any other participant.

 

12.                               Insider Trading Restrictions / Market Abuse Laws.  Employee may be subject to insider trading restrictions and/or market abuse laws in applicable jurisdictions, including, but not limited to, the United States and Employee’s country, the broker’s country, or the country in which the shares of Common Stock are listed (if different), which may affect his or her ability to accept,

 

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acquire, sell or otherwise dispose of shares of Common Stock or rights to shares of Common Stock or rights linked to the value of shares of Common Stock during such times as Employee is considered to have “inside information” regarding the Company (as defined by the laws or regulations in applicable jurisdictions).  Any restrictions under these laws or regulations are separate from and in addition to any restrictions that may be imposed under any applicable Company insider trading policy.  Employee acknowledges that it is his or her responsibility to comply with any applicable restrictions and that Employee should consult his or her personal advisor on this matter.

 

13.                               Foreign Asset/Account, Exchange Control and Tax Requirements.  Employee acknowledges that, depending on his or her country, there may be certain foreign asset and/or account reporting requirements or exchange control restrictions which may affect Employee’s ability to acquire or hold shares of Common Stock or cash received from participating in the Plan (including proceeds from the sale of shares of Common Stock and the receipt of any dividends paid on shares of Common Stock) in, to and/or from a brokerage or bank account or legal entity outside Employee’s country.  Employee may be required to report such accounts, assets or related transactions to the tax or other authorities in Employee’s country.  Employee also may be required to repatriate sale proceeds or other funds received as a result of participating in the Plan to Employee’s country through a designated bank or broker and/or within a certain time after receipt.  Employee acknowledges that he or she is responsible for ensuring compliance with any applicable foreign asset/account, exchange control and tax reporting requirements and should consult his or her personal legal and tax advisors on this matter.

 

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COUNTRY ADDENDUM

 

Capitalized terms used but not defined in this Country Addendum shall have the meanings set forth in the Plan, the Global Subscription Agreement and/or the Additional Terms and Conditions.

 

Terms and Conditions

 

This Country Addendum includes additional terms and conditions that govern the option to purchase shares of Common Stock under the Plan if Employee works in one of the countries listed below.  If Employee is a citizen or resident of a country (or is considered as such for local law purposes) other than the one in which he or she is currently working or if Employee relocates to another country after enrolling in the Plan, the Company will, in its discretion, determine the extent to which the terms and conditions contained herein will be applicable to Employee.

 

Notifications

 

This Country Addendum also includes notifications relating to exchange control and other issues of which Employee should be aware with respect to his or her participation in the Plan.  The information is based on the exchange control, securities and other laws in effect in the countries listed in this Country Addendum, as of May 2019.  Such laws are often complex and change frequently.  As a result, the Company strongly recommends that Employee not rely on the notifications herein as the only source of information relating to the consequences of his or her participation in the Plan because the information may be outdated when Employee purchases shares of Common Stock under the Plan or when Employee subsequently sells shares of Common Stock purchased under the Plan.

 

In addition, the notifications are general in nature and may not apply to Employee’s particular situation, and the Company is not in a position to assure Employee of any particular result.  Accordingly, Employee should seek appropriate professional advice as to how the relevant laws in Employee’s country may apply to Employee’s situation.

 

Finally, if Employee is a citizen or resident of a country other than the one in which Employee is currently working (or is considered as such for local law purposes) or if Employee moves to another country after enrolling in the Plan, the information contained herein may not be applicable to Employee.

 

AUSTRALIA

 

Terms and Conditions

 

Nature of Plan.  The Plan is a plan to which Subdivision 83A-C of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (Cth) (the “Act”) applies (subject to the conditions in that Act).

 

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Securities Law Information.  The offer of participation in the Plan is intended to comply with the provisions of the Corporations Act 2011, Australian Securities and Investments Commission (“ASIC”) Regulatory Guide 49 and ASIC Class Order 14/1000.  Additional details are set forth in the Offer Document for the Offer of Participation in the Plan to Australian-Resident Employees, which is being provided to Employee along with this Subscription Agreement.

 

CANADA

 

Terms and Conditions

 

Nature of Grant.  The following provision replaces Section 2(l) of the Additional Terms and Conditions:

 

(l) for purposes of participation in the Plan, Employee’s status as an Eligible Employee will be considered terminated (regardless of the reason for such termination and whether or not later found to be invalid or in breach of the employment laws in the jurisdiction where Employee is employed or the terms of Employee’s employment agreement, if any) as of the date that is the earlier of (i) the date on which the Employee’s employment relationship is terminated, (ii) the date that Employee receives notice of termination of his or her employment relationship, or (iii) the date Employee is no longer actively providing services to the Company or any Subsidiary or Affiliate, regardless of any notice period or period of pay in lieu of such notice required under applicable employment laws in the jurisdiction where Employee is employed (including, but not limited to statutory law, regulatory law and/or common law) or the terms of Employee’s employment agreement, if any; the Administrator shall have the exclusive discretion to determine when Employee is no longer actively providing services for purposes of the Plan (including whether Employee may still be considered to be providing services while on a leave of absence).

 

The following provisions apply to residents of Quebec:

 

Language Consent.  The parties acknowledge that it is their express wish that this Subscription Agreement, as well as all documents, notices and legal proceedings entered into, given or instituted pursuant hereto or relating directly or indirectly hereto, be drawn up in English.

 

Consentement à la Langue Utilisée. Les parties reconnaissent avoir expressément souhaité que la convention «Subscription Agreement», ainsi que tous les documents, avis et procédures judiciaries, éxecutés, donnés ou intentés en vertu de, ou lié, directement ou indirectement à la présente convention, soient rédigés en langue anglaise.

 

Data Protection.  The following provision supplements Section 4 of the Additional Terms and Conditions:

 

Employee authorizes the Company and the Company’s representatives to discuss with and obtain all relevant information from all personnel, professional or non-professional, involved with the administration of the Plan.  Employee further authorizes the Company, any Parent or Subsidiary

 

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of the Company, the Employer, the Administrator or any other stock plan service provider as may be selected by the Company from time to time to assist with the Plan, to disclose and discuss the Plan with their advisors.  Employee also authorizes the Company and the Employer to record such information and to keep such information in Employee’s employee file.

 

Notifications

 

Securities Law Information.  The sale of shares of Common Stock purchased under the Plan may not take place in Canada.  Employee will only be permitted to sell shares of Common Stock if such sale takes place outside Canada through the facilities of the exchange on which the shares of Common Stock are then listed.

 

Foreign Asset and Account Reporting Information.  Canadian residents are required to report their foreign specified property (e.g., shares of Common Stock) on form T1135 (Foreign Income Verification Statement) if the total cost of the foreign specified property exceeds C$100,000 at any time in the year.  Thus, if the C$100,000 cost threshold is exceeded by other foreign specified property held by the individual, the options to purchase shares of Common Stock must be reported (generally at nil cost). The shares of Common Stock acquired under the Plan must be reported at their adjusted cost base (“ACB”).  The ACB ordinarily would equal the fair market value of the shares of Common Stock at the time of acquisition, but if such Canadian resident owns other shares of Common Stock, this ACB may have to be averaged with the ACB of the other shares.  The form T1135 generally must be filed by April 30 of the following year.  Employee should consult with his or her personal advisor to ensure compliance with the applicable reporting requirements.

 

FINLAND

 

There are no country-specific provisions.

 

FRANCE

 

Terms and Conditions

 

Payroll Deduction Authorization.  The following is a translation of Section 2 of the Global Subscription Agreement at page B-1:

 

2.             Par la présente, le Salarié autorise des prélèvements sur chacun de ses salaires d’un montant équivalent à    % (de un pour cent (1 %) à maximum quinze pour cent (15 %)) de sa Rémunération, à l’occasion de chaque versement de salaire au cours de la Période d’Offre conformément au Plan. (Veuillez noter que le pourcentage doit être exprimé en nombre entier uniquement).

 

Language Consent.  By enrolling in the Plan, Employee confirms having read and understood the Plan and Subscription Agreement, including all terms and conditions included therein, which were provided in the English language.  Employee accepts the terms of those documents accordingly.

 

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Consentement Relatif à la Langue Utilisée. En souscrivant au Plan d’Achat d’Actions, le Salarié confirme avoir lu et compris le Plan d’Achat d’Actions et le Contrat de Souscription, y compris tous les termes et conditions qui y sont inclus, qui lui ont été communiqués en anglais. Le Salarié accepte les termes de ces documents en connaissance de cause.

 

Notifications

 

Options to Purchase Shares of Common Stock Not French-Qualified.  The options to purchase shares of Common Stock under the Plan are not intended to qualify for special tax and social security treatment pursuant to Sections L. 225-177 to L. 225-186-1 of the French Commercial Code, as amended.

 

Foreign Asset and Account Reporting Information.  French residents are required to report all foreign accounts (whether open, current or closed) to the French tax authorities when filing their annual tax returns.  Employee should consult his or her personal tax advisor to ensure compliance with applicable reporting obligations.

 

GERMANY

 

Notifications

 

Exchange Control Information.  German residents must report cross-border payments in excess of €12,500 on a monthly basis to the German Federal Bank (Bundesbank).  In case of payments in connection with securities (including proceeds realized upon the sale of shares of Common Stock), the report must be filed electronically by the 5th day of the month following the month in which the payment was received.  The form of report (“Allgemeine Meldeportal Statistik”) can be accessed via the Bundesbank’s website (www.bundesbank.de) and is available in both German and English.

 

Foreign Asset and Account Reporting Information.  German residents holding shares of Common Stock must notify their local tax office of the acquisition of shares of Common Stock when they file their tax returns for the relevant year if the aggregate value of all shares of Common Stock acquired exceeds €150,000, or in the unlikely event that the resident holds shares of Common Stock exceeding 10% of the Company’s total Common Stock.

 

INDIA

 

Notifications

 

Exchange Control Information.  Indian residents are required to repatriate any funds realized under the Plan to India within prescribed periods (e.g., within ninety (90) days of the receipt of proceeds from the sale of shares of Common Stock, or such other period as may apply under applicable exchange control laws as may be amended from time to time).  Employee should maintain any foreign inward remittance certificate (received from the bank where the foreign currency is deposited) in the event that the Reserve Bank of India or the Employer requests proof of repatriation.

 

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Foreign Asset and Account Reporting Information.  Foreign bank accounts and any foreign financial assets (including shares of Common Stock held outside India) must be declared by Indian residents in their annual tax return.  Employee is responsible for complying with this reporting obligation to the extent it applies to Employee and should confer with Employee’s personal legal advisor in this regard.

 

IRELAND

 

Notifications

 

Director Notification Requirement.  If Employee is a director, shadow director or secretary of an Irish Subsidiary and has a 1% or more shareholding interest in the Company, he or she must notify the Irish Subsidiary in writing upon receiving or disposing of an interest in the Company (e.g., options to purchase shares of Common Stock or shares of Common Stock) or upon becoming aware of the event giving rise to the notification requirement, or upon becoming a director, shadow director or secretary if such an interest exists at that time.  This notification requirement also applies with respect to the interests of a spouse or minor child (whose interests will be attributed to the director, shadow director or secretary).

 

ISRAEL

 

Terms and Conditions

 

Immediate Sale Restriction.  Notwithstanding Sections 8(a) and 10 of the Plan, due to tax requirements in Israel, the Company reserves the right to immediately sell shares of Common Stock purchased by Employee on the relevant Exercise Date(s) under the Plan.  Upon the immediate sale of the shares at exercise, Employee will receive the sale proceeds less the Purchase Price, Tax-Related Items and applicable broker fees and commissions.  In this case, Employee will not be entitled to hold any shares of Common Stock issued at exercise of the option to purchase shares of Common Stock.  Employee acknowledges that the Company’s designated broker is not under any obligation to arrange for the sale of the shares of Common Stock at any particular price.  Further, due to fluctuations in the share price and/or the United States dollar exchange rate between the Exercise Date and (if later) the date on which the shares are sold, the sale proceeds may be more or less than the market value of the shares on the Exercise Date (which is the amount relevant to determining Employee’s tax liability). Employee understands and agrees that the Company is not responsible for the amount of any loss Employee may incur and that the Company assumes no liability for any fluctuations in the share price and/or United States dollar exchange rate.

 

ITALY

 

Terms and Conditions

 

Plan Document Acknowledgment.  By participating in the Plan, Employee acknowledges that he or she has received a copy of the Plan and the Subscription Agreement (including this Country

 

B-13


 

Addendum) and has reviewed the Plan and the Subscription Agreement in their entirety and fully accepts all provisions thereof.  Employee further acknowledges that he or she has read and specifically and expressly approves the following provisions of the Subscription Agreement: (i) payroll deduction authorization set forth in Section 2 of the Global Subscription Agreement at page B-1; (ii) Responsibility for Taxes; (iii) Nature of Grant; (iv) Data Protection; (v) Governing Law and Venue; (vi) Language; and (vii) Termination or Modification of the Plan.

 

Notifications

 

Foreign Asset and Account Reporting Information.  Italian residents who, at any time during the fiscal year, hold foreign financial assets (e.g., shares of Common Stock) which may generate income taxable in Italy are required to report such assets on their annual tax returns or on a special form if no tax return is due.  The same reporting duties apply to Italian residents who are beneficial owners of the foreign financial assets pursuant to Italian money laundering provisions, even if they do not directly hold the foreign asset abroad.  Employee should consult his or her personal legal advisor to ensure compliance with applicable reporting requirements.

 

Foreign Asset Tax Information.  The value of financial assets held outside Italy (including shares of Common Stock acquired under the Plan) by Italian residents is subject to a foreign asset tax. The taxable amount will be the fair market value of the financial assets assessed at the end of the calendar year.

 

NETHERLANDS

 

Notifications

 

Securities Law Information.

 

 

NEW ZEALAND

 

Notifications

 

Securities Law Information.

 

Warning: Employee is being offered the option to purchase shares of Common Stock in accordance with the terms of the Plan and the Subscription Agreement. The shares of Common Stock, if acquired, give Employee a stake in the ownership of the Company. Employee may receive a return if dividends are paid.

 

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If the Company runs into financial difficulties and is wound up, Employee will be paid only after all creditors have been paid. New Zealand law normally requires people who offer financial products to give information to investors before they invest. This information is designed to help investors make an informed decision.

 

The usual rules do not apply to this offer because it is a small offer. As a result, Employee may not be given all the information usually required. Employee will also have fewer legal protections for this investment.

 

Employee should ask questions, read all documents carefully and seek independent financial advice before making any decisions with respect to the Plan.

 

ROMANIA

 

Terms and Conditions

 

Language Consent.  By participating in the Plan, Employee acknowledges that he or she is proficient in reading and understanding English and fully understands the terms of the documents related to the grant (the Subscription Agreement and the Plan), which were provided in the English language.  Employee accepts the terms of those documents accordingly.

 

Consimtamant cu Privire la Limba. Prin participarea in Planul, Angajatul confirma ca acesta sau aceasta are un nivel adecvat de cunoastere in ce priveste cititirea si intelegerea limbii engleze, a citit si confirma ca a inteles pe deplin termenii documentelor referitoare la acordare (Acordul si Planul), care au fost furnizate in limba engleza.  Angajatul accepta termenii acestor documente in consecinta.

 

Notifications

 

Exchange Control Information.  If Employee deposits the proceeds from the sale of shares of Common Stock acquired under the Plan in a bank account in Romania, Employee may be required to provide the Romanian bank with appropriate documentation explaining the source of the funds.  Employee should consult with his or her personal legal advisor to ensure compliance with applicable requirements.

 

SINGAPORE

 

Terms and Conditions

 

Restriction on Sale.  Employee agrees that any shares of Common Stock acquired under the Plan will not be offered for sale in Singapore prior to the six-month anniversary of the beginning of the

 

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relevant Offering Period, unless such sale or offer is made pursuant to the exemptions under Part XIII Division (1) Subdivision (4) (other than section 280) of the Securities and Futures Act (Chapter 289, 2006 Ed.) (“SFA”).

 

Notifications

 

Securities Law Information.  The option to purchase shares of Common Stock under the Plan is being made pursuant to the “Qualifying Person” exemption under section 273(1)(f) of the SFA, under which it is exempt from the prospectus and registration requirements and is not made with a view to the underlying shares of Common Stock being subsequently offered for sale to any other party.  The Plan has not been and will not be lodged or registered as a prospectus with the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

 

Chief Executive Officer and Director Notification Requirement. The Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and the directors of a Designated Company in Singapore are subject to certain notification requirements under the Singapore Companies Act.  The CEO and directors must notify the Designated Company in Singapore in writing of an interest (e.g., options to purchase shares of Common Stock, shares of Common Stock, etc.) in the Company or any related company within two business days of (i) its acquisition or disposal, (ii) any change in a previously-disclosed interest (e.g., upon purchase of shares of Common Stock or when shares of Common Stock acquired under the Plan are subsequently sold), or (iii) becoming the CEO / a director.

 

SPAIN

 

Terms and Conditions

 

Nature of Grant.  The following provision supplements Section 2 of the Additional Terms and Conditions:

 

By accepting the option to purchase shares of Common Stock, Employee consents to participation in the Plan and acknowledges that he or she has received a copy of the Plan. Employee understands that the Company has unilaterally, gratuitously and discretionally decided to offer participation in the Plan to Eligible Employees throughout the world. This decision is a limited decision that is entered into upon the express assumption and condition that any grant will not bind the Company or any Subsidiary or Affiliate other than as expressly set forth in this Subscription Agreement. Consequently, Employee understands that the option to purchase shares of Common Stock is granted on the assumption and condition that the option and any shares of Common Stock acquired under the Plan are not part of any employment or service contract (either with the Company or with any Subsidiary or Affiliate) and shall not be considered a mandatory benefit or salary for any purpose (including severance compensation) or any other right whatsoever.  Further, Employee understands and agrees that, unless otherwise expressly provided for by the Company or set forth in the Plan or this Subscription Agreement, the options will be cancelled without entitlement to any shares of Common Stock under the Plan if Employee’s status as an Eligible Employee is terminated for any

 

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reason, including, but not limited to: resignation, retirement, disciplinary dismissal adjudged to be with cause, disciplinary dismissal adjudged or recognized to be without good cause (i.e., subject to a “despido improcedente”), material modification of the terms of employment under Article 41 of the Workers’ Statute, relocation under Article 40 of the Workers’ Statute, Article 50 of the Workers’ Statute, or under Article 10.3 of Royal Decree 1382/1985.

 

In addition, Employee understands that this grant would not be made to Employee but for the assumptions and conditions referred to above; thus, Employee acknowledges and freely accepts that, should any or all of the assumptions be mistaken or should any of the conditions not be met for any reason, then any grant of, or right to, the option to purchase shares of Common Stock shall be null and void.

 

Notifications

 

Securities Law Information.  The grant of the option to purchase shares of Common Stock under the Plan described in this Subscription Agreement does not qualify under Spanish regulations as a security. No “offer of securities to the public,” as defined under Spanish law, has taken place or will take place in the Spanish territory in connection with the grant of the option. This Subscription Agreement has not been, nor will it be, registered with the Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores, and does not constitute a public offering or prospectus.

 

Exchange Control Information.  Employee must declare the acquisition, ownership and disposition of shares of Common Stock to the Dirección General de Comercio e Inversiones of the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (the “DGCI”) on a Form D-6.  Generally, the declaration must be made in January for shares of Common Stock owned as of December 31 of the prior year and/or shares of Common Stock acquired or disposed of during the prior year; however, if the value of the shares of Common Stock acquired or disposed of or the amount of the sale proceeds exceeds €1,502,530 (or if Employee holds 10% or more of the share capital of the Company), the declaration must be filed within one month of the acquisition or disposition, as applicable.

 

In addition, Employee may be required to electronically declare to the Bank of Spain any foreign accounts (including brokerage accounts held abroad), any foreign instruments (including shares of Common Stock acquired under the Plan), and any transactions with non-Spanish residents (including any payments of shares of Common Stock made pursuant to the Plan), depending on the balances in such accounts together with the value of such instruments as of December 31 of the relevant year, or the volume of transactions with non-Spanish residents during the relevant year.

 

Foreign Asset and Account Reporting Information.  To the extent that Employee holds rights or assets (e.g., cash or shares of Common Stock held in a bank or brokerage account) outside Spain with a value in excess of €50,000 per type of right or asset as of December 31 each year (or at any time during the year in which Employee sells or disposes of such rights or assets), Employee is required to report information on such rights and assets on his or her tax return for such year.  After such rights or assets are initially reported, the reporting obligation will only apply for subsequent

 

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years if the value of any previously reported rights or assets increases by more than €20,000.  Employee should consult with his or her personal tax advisor to ensure compliance with applicable reporting requirements.

 

TAIWAN

 

Notifications

 

Securities Law Information.  The offer of participation in the Plan is available only for Eligible Employees.  The offer of participation in the Plan is not a public offer of securities by a Taiwanese company.

 

Exchange Control Information.  The acquisition or conversion of foreign currency and the remittance of such amounts (including proceeds from the sale of shares of Common Stock) to Taiwan may trigger certain annual or periodic exchange control reporting.  If the transaction amount is TWD500,000 or more in a single transaction, Employee may be required to submit a Foreign Exchange Transaction Form and provide supporting documentation to the satisfaction of the remitting bank.  Employee should consult his or her personal legal advisor to ensure compliance with applicable exchange control laws in Taiwan.

 

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

 

Notifications

 

Securities Law Information.  Participation in the Plan is being offered only to Eligible Employees and is in the nature of providing employee incentives in the United Arab Emirates.  The Plan and the Subscription Agreement are intended for distribution only to such employees and must not be delivered to or relied on by any other person. Prospective purchasers of securities should conduct their own due diligence.

 

The Emirates Securities and Commodities Authority has no responsibility for reviewing or verifying any documents in connection with this statement, including the Plan and the Subscription Agreement, or any other incidental communication materials distributions in connection with the Plan.  Further, neither the Ministry of Economy nor the Dubai Department of Economic Development has approved this statement nor taken steps to verify the information set out in it, and has no responsibility for it.  Residents of the United Arab Emirates who have questions regarding the contents of the Plan and the Subscription Agreement should obtain independent professional advice.

 

UNITED KINGDOM

 

Terms and Conditions

 

Securities Law Restriction.  Employee’s participation in the Plan may be limited as a result of applicable securities laws in the European Economic Area (“EEA”) and the United Kingdom (the

 

B-18


 

U.K.”).  Specifically, contributions from all Plan participants residing and/or working in the U.K. will be limited to less than an aggregate amount of EUR 8 million on an annual basis.  It is also possible that certain other equity awards in the U.K. will count against this EUR 8 million threshold.  If Plan participants in the U.K. elect to contribute more than this amount during any year, contribution rates will be prorated to ensure that this threshold is not exceeded.  If Employee’s participation will be prorated, Employee understands that he or she will receive a notice from the Company explaining the proration.

 

Responsibility for Taxes.  The following provision supplements Section 1 of the Additional Terms and Conditions:

 

Without limitation to this Section 1 of the Additional Terms and Conditions, Employee hereby agrees that he or she is liable for any Tax-Related Items and hereby covenants to pay such Tax-Related Items, as and when requested by the Company, the Employer or by Her Majesty’s Revenue & Customs (“HMRC”) (or any other tax authority or any other relevant authority).  Employee also hereby agrees to indemnify and keep indemnified the Company or the Employer against any Tax-Related Items that they are required to pay or withhold or have paid or will pay to HMRC (or any other tax authority or any other relevant authority) on Employee’s behalf.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if Employee is a director or executive officer of the Company (within the meaning of Section 13(k) of the Exchange Act), the terms of the immediately foregoing provision will not apply.  In such case, if the amount of any income tax due is not collected from or paid by Employee within 90 days of the end of the U.K. tax year in which an event giving rise to the indemnification described above occurs, the amount of any uncollected income taxes may constitute a benefit to Employee on which additional income tax and national insurance contributions (“NICs”) may be payable.  Employee will be responsible for reporting and paying any income tax due on this additional benefit directly to HMRC under the self-assessment regime and for paying to the Company or the Employer, as applicable, any employee NICs due on this additional benefit, which the Company or the Employer may recover from Employee by any of the means referred to in Section 1 of the Additional Terms and Conditions.

 

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EXHIBIT C

 

CROWDSTRIKE HOLDINGS, INC.

2019 EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN

NOTICE OF WITHDRAWAL

 

Unless otherwise defined herein, the terms defined in the 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “Plan”) shall have the same defined meanings in this Notice of Withdrawal.

 

The undersigned Participant in the Offering Period of the CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc. 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan that began on             ,        (the “Offering Date”) hereby notifies the Company that he or she hereby withdraws from the Offering Period.  He or she hereby directs the Company to pay to the undersigned as promptly as practicable all the payroll deductions credited to his or her account with respect to such Offering Period.  The undersigned understands and agrees that his or her option for such Offering Period will be terminated automatically.  The undersigned understands further that no further payroll deductions will be made for the purchase of shares in the current Offering Period and the undersigned will be eligible to participate in succeeding Offering Periods only by delivering to the Company a new Subscription Agreement.

 

 

 

Name and Address of Participant:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Signature:

 

 

 

Date:

 

 

C-1




Exhibit 10.5

 

CROWDSTRIKE HOLDINGS, INC.

 

OUTSIDE DIRECTOR COMPENSATION POLICY

 

Adopted and approved

 

CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) believes that the granting of equity and cash compensation to its members of the Board of Directors (the “Board,” and members of the Board, “Directors”) represents a powerful tool to attract, retain and reward Directors who are not employees of the Company (“Outside Directors”).  This Outside Director Compensation Policy (the “Policy”) is intended to formalize the Company’s policy regarding cash compensation and grants of equity to its Outside Directors.   Unless otherwise defined herein, capitalized terms used in this Policy will have the meaning given such term in the Crowdstrike Holdings, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”).  Outside Directors will be solely responsible for any tax obligations they incur as a result of the equity and cash payments received under this Policy.

 

1.              CASH COMPENSATION

 

The following annual cash compensation for Outside Directors is payable quarterly in arrears on a prorated basis.

 

GENERAL BOARD ANNUAL RETAINER

 

Annual cash compensation for the general services of Outside Directors is as follows:

 

Outside Director:  $30,000 General Annual Retainer

 

Directors will receive no additional compensation for attending regular meetings of the Board.

 

NON-EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN ANNUAL RETAINER

 

Additional annual cash compensation for the general services of the Non-Executive Chairman is as follows:

 

Non-Executive Chairman:  $20,000 Chairman Annual Retainer

 

COMMITTEE ANNUAL RETAINERS

 

In addition to the annual cash retainers described above, each Outside Director will also receive annual cash retainers in recognition of their service on the committees of the Board.

 

(a)           Audit Committee.

 

Annual cash compensation for Audit Committee members is as follows:

 

Chairman of Committee:  $20,000 Chairman Annual Retainer

 


 

Non-Chairman Committee Members:  $9,500 Non-Chairman Annual Retainer

 

There are no per meeting attendance fees for attending Audit Committee meetings.

 

(b)           Compensation Committee.

 

Annual cash compensation for the Compensation Committee is as follows:

 

Chairman of Committee:  $13,500 Chairman Annual Retainer

 

Non-Chairman Committee Members:  $5,500 Non-Chairman Annual Retainer

 

There are no per meeting attendance fees for attending Compensation Committee meetings.

 

(c)           Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.

 

Annual cash compensation for the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is as follows:

 

Chairman of Committee:  $7,500 Chairman Annual Retainer

 

Non-Chairman Committee Members:  $4,000 Non-Chairman Annual Retainer

 

There are no per meeting attendance fees for attending Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee meetings.

 

2.              EQUITY COMPENSATION

 

Outside Directors will also be eligible to receive the following Awards, as well as all types of Awards (except Incentive Stock Options) under the Plan, including discretionary Awards not covered under this Policy.

 

(a)           Initial Awards.  Each Outside Director joining the Board after the Registration Date shall be automatically granted the following awards upon first joining the Board (such date, the “Start Date”):

 

(1) an award of Restricted Stock Units with a Value of $375,000 (the “Initial Award”). The Initial Award will vest annually over three years (on the same day of the month as the Start Date), subject to continued service on Board through each vesting date, plus

 

(2) an award of Restricted Stock Units equal to the product of (A) the number of Restricted Stock Units subject to the Annual Award provided to Outside Directors at the last annual meeting of stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”) multiplied by (B) a fraction (i) the numerator of which is (x) 12 minus (y) the number of fully completed months between the date of the last Annual Meeting and the Start Date and (ii) the denominator of which is 12, rounded to the nearest unit (the “Additional Initial Award”).  The Additional Initial Award will vest in full on the earlier of (i) the date of the next Annual Meeting held after the Start Date or (ii) the date

 

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on which the other directors’ Annual Awards for such year vest, subject to continued service on the Board through such vesting date.

 

(b)           Annual Award.  On the day of the Annual Meeting, beginning with the first Annual Meeting after the Registration Date, each Outside Director will be automatically granted an award of Restricted Stock Units with a Value of $190,000 (the “Annual Award”).  The Annual Award will vest in full on the earlier of (i) the one-year anniversary of the date of grant or (ii) on the date of the next Annual Meeting held after the date of grant, in each case, subject to continued service on the Board through each vesting date.

 

(c)           Value.  For purposes of Sections 2(a) and 2(b), “Value” means the fair value for financial accounting purposes based on the closing price on the date of grant, with the number of Shares of our Common Stock determined based on that Value, rounded down.

 

3.              OTHER COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS

 

Outside Directors may also be eligible to receive other compensation and benefits, including reasonable personal benefits and perquisites, as determined by the Administrator from time to time.

 

4.              CHANGE IN CONTROL

 

In the event of a Change in Control, each Outside Director will fully vest in his or her outstanding Company equity awards, including any Initial Award, Additional Initial Award or Annual Award, provided that the Outside Director continues to be an Outside Director through such date.

 

5.              ANNUAL COMPENSATION LIMIT

 

Any cash compensation and Awards granted to an Outside Director shall be subject to the limits provided in Section 12 of the Plan.

 

6.              TRAVEL EXPENSES

 

Each Outside Director’s reasonable, customary and documented travel expenses to Board meetings will be reimbursed by the Company.

 

7.              ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS

 

All provisions of the Plan not inconsistent with this Policy will apply to Awards granted to Outside Directors.

 

8.              ADJUSTMENTS

 

In the event that any dividend or other distribution (whether in the form of cash, Shares, other securities or other property), recapitalization, stock split, reverse stock split, reorganization, merger, consolidation, split-up, spin-off, combination, repurchase, or exchange of Shares or other securities of the Company, or other change in the corporate structure of the Company

 

3


 

affecting the Shares occurs, the Administrator, in order to prevent diminution or enlargement of the benefits or potential benefits intended to be made available under this Policy, will adjust the number of Shares issuable pursuant to Awards granted under this Policy.

 

9.              SECTION 409A

 

In no event will cash compensation or expense reimbursement payments under this Policy be paid after the later of (i) the 15th day of the 3rd month following the end of the Company’s fiscal year in which the compensation is earned or expenses are incurred, as applicable, or (ii) the 15th day of the 3rd month following the end of the calendar year in which the compensation is earned or expenses are incurred, as applicable, in compliance with the “short-term deferral” exception under Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the final regulations and guidance thereunder, as may be amended from time to time (together, “Section 409A”).  It is the intent of this Policy that this Policy and all payments hereunder be exempt from or otherwise comply with the requirements of Section 409A so that none of the compensation to be provided hereunder will be subject to the additional tax imposed under Section 409A, and any ambiguities or ambiguous terms herein will be interpreted to be so exempt or comply.  In no event will the Company reimburse an Outside Director for any taxes imposed or other costs incurred as a result of Section 409A.

 

10.       REVISIONS

 

Subject to the limitations provided in Section 12 of the Plan, the Administrator, in its discretion, may change and otherwise revise the terms of Initial Awards, Additional Initial Awards or Annual Awards granted under this Policy, including, without limitation, the number of Shares subject thereto, for Initial Awards, Additional Initial Awards or Annual Awards of the same or different type granted on or after the date the Administrator determines to make any such change or revision. For the avoidance of doubt, the Administrator may, in its sole discretion, grant additional awards, compensation and benefits to Outside Directors as the Administrator deems appropriate.

 

The Board may also amend, alter, suspend or terminate this Policy at any time and for any reason.  No amendment, alteration, suspension or termination of this Policy will materially impair the rights of an Outside Director with respect to compensation that already has been paid or awarded, unless otherwise mutually agreed between the Outside Director and the Company.  Termination of this Policy will not affect the Board’s or the Compensation Committee’s ability to exercise the powers granted to it under the Plan with respect to Awards granted under the Plan pursuant to this Policy prior to the date of such termination.

 

4




Exhibit 21.1

 

SUBSIDIARIES OF CROWDSTRIKE HOLDINGS, INC.

 

Name of Subsidiary

 

Jurisdiction

CrowdStrike, Inc.

 

Delaware

CrowdStrike Services, Inc.

 

Delaware

CrowdStrike International Inc.

 

Delaware

CrowdStrike UK LTD

 

United Kingdom

CrowdStrike Singapore PTE. LTD

 

Singapore

CrowdStrike Ireland Limited

 

Ireland

CrowdStrike (Netherlands) B.V.

 

Netherlands

CrowdStrike Israel

 

Israel

CrowdStrike GMBH

 

Germany

CrowdStrike Italy S.R.L.

 

Italy

CrowdStrike Middle East DMCC

 

United Arab Emirates

CrowdStrike Japan KK

 

Japan

CrowdStrike Australia PTY LTD

 

Australia

CrowdStrike S.R.L.

 

Romania

CrowdStrike India Private Limited

 

India

CrowdStrike Mexico S de RL de CV

 

Mexico

CrowdStrike Canada, Inc.

 

Canada

CrowdStrike Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.

 

Malaysia

 


 



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Exhibit 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

          We hereby consent to the use in this Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 of CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc. of our report dated April 17, 2019 relating to the financial statements of CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc., which appears in this Registration Statement. We also consent to the reference to us under the heading "Experts" in such Registration Statement.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
San Jose, California
May 29, 2019




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CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM